Thomas had a brother Nathan (married to Catherine) who was also a weaver at Adlington in 1823. Many of the early Mathers (b. 1700s) living at Adlington married at St Peters, Bolton. Both of Thomas's marriages were there, although clearly living in Adlington.
In 1841, Thomas (60) was a labourer, married to Amey (45) at Adlington, Rivington (near Blackrod). They had 7 children from their marriage. Their family had common names to Thomas's siblings (Nathan, George, Isaac).
Thomas was the father when all the children were baptised, and on the 1841 census. However, Henry Mather (52, Widower and Ag Lab) is shown as the head in 1851, with George, James, Isaac, Lucy and Nathan at Adlington Common. All the sons were coal miners.
Thomas died in 1850, aged 70, and Henry, possibly a brother of Thomas (born 1799, Anderton, Lancashire) became head the famiy.