• General Notes

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  King of England, 1216-1272
  MSTAT M
  TITL Queens of England    AUTH Agnes /Strickland/     PUBL Appleton & Company     PAGE chapte r 5
  TITL Americans of Royal Descent      AUTH Charles H. /Browning/
  PUBL Genealogical Publishing Co., 1911     7th Edition, reprinted 1986 in Baltimore      PAG E p. 181
  
  See Historical Document.
  
  TITL Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy AUTH Alison Weir PUBL rev. ed, Pimlic o Random House,  London 1989, 1996   J.H. Garner     Book PAGE p 67
  TITL Washington Ancestry & Records of McClain, Johnson & Forty Other Colonial American Famili es PUBL Chart: The Ancestry of Mourning Adams Garner, pp 54-55, Vol I   3 volume set     Book
  ALIA Henry III /Plantagenet/ King of England
  TITL World Family Tree Volume 2 Tree # 1822 PUBL Br\?8derbund BannerBlue Division       Famil y Archive CD TITL Some Royal Descents of President Washington Pedigree chart.     MEDI Other
  TEXT b 1207
  TITL University of Hull Royal  base (England) AUTH Brian Tompsett, Dept of Computer Scienc e PUBL copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 usually reliable but sometimes includes hypothetical lines , mythological figures, etc   WWW, University of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX  bct@@tardis.ed.ac.u k CALN   Electronic
  TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America bef 1760 AUTH Frederi ck Lewis Weis PUBL 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992 Same ref source as earlie r ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6 good to ver y good   J.H. Garner     Book PAGE line 1 pp 1-4, line 17 pp 20-21
  TITL World Family Tree Volume 2 Tree # 1822 PUBL Br\?8derbund BannerBlue Division    Family A rchive CD  TITL Some Royal Descents of President Washington Pedigree chart.       Other
  TEXT d 1272
  TITL Mann Database AUTH Ed Mann Contributor on soc.genealogy. eval   edmann@@commnections.co m     Electronic   TEXT died 12 Nov 1272 in Bury St. Edmonds, Suffolk, England
  TITL Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell AUTH Marlyn Lewis PUBL 08 Oct 1997       Manuscript
  TEXT died at Bury St. Edmunds
  TITL Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet & Cecily de Neville AUTH Ernst-Friedrich Kraentzler PUB L published by author 1978   J.H. Garner     Book  PAGE line 1 pp 1-4
  TITL Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America bef 1760 AUTH Frederic k Lewis Weis PUBL 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992 Same ref source as earlier e d, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6 good to very go od   J.H. Garner     Book PAGE line 17 pp 20-21
  TEXT Reigned 1216-1272
  _FA1 PLAC Acceded: 28 Oct 1216, Gloucester Cathedral.
  _FA2 PLAC Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England.
  _FA3 PLAC Reigned 1216-1272.  Took reigns of gov't. 1234.
  _FA4 PLAC Faces financial disaster in 1258.  Inept battle commander.
  _FA5 PLAC Baronial discontent simmered in 1258 when he tried to raise large sums of money.
  _FA6 PLAC Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry.
  _FA7 PLAC Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars).
  _FA8 PLAC Rebellion defeated after initial success.
  _FA9 PLAC Thereafter, Henry ceeded much power to his son Edward Longshanks.
  _FA10 PLAC Kind but capricious, urbane, pious, loved pageantry, sensitive to slights.
  _FA11  PLAC Defeated resoundingly by Louis IX in the ill fated Gascony campaign of 1242.
  _FA12 DATE Aug 1245 PLAC Gascony debacle followed by inept & catastrophic Welsh campaign.
  _FA13 PLAC Captured by baronial party under Montfort, but restored by son Edward in 1265.
  _MDCL Reddish hair & fair complected, middle height.REF: British Monarchy Official Website :  Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king.  By 1227, wh en he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magn a Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friend s and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king o f Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the b arons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Prov isions of Westminster (1259 were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control app ointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and wa r broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, bu t Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesha m in 1265.  Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the k ing also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.
  REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow":  In April 1258, Henry's brother Richard of Cornwal l sent 50 ships of grain from Germany (where Richard was chasing the elusive crown of Germany ) to London to help alleviate the famine, Henry siezed the ships & tried to sell them at infl ated prices.  This enraged the general populace of London, Henry backed down but they remaine d bitter. After Henry reconciled with Prince Edward through the  ation of Richard of Cornwal l (Henry thought Edward was plotting with Simon de Montfort), Henry attempted to try de Montf ort on charges of perjery & "lesse-majeste".  The Barons on the King's Council baulked & Loui s IX was dismayed by Henry's bad faith, & sent the Archbishop of Rouen to defend de Montfort ,  Henry backed off.  In June 1261 Henry borrows from his father John's tricks & gets the Pop e to annul the Oxford Provisions, even as John did with the Magna Charta.  The Barons nearl y revolt over this, with even Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, siding with de Montfort . Later, de Clare defects from de Montfort & comes to a "private understanding" with Henr y & de Montofrt's "common enterprise" unravels.  Simon withdraws to France.  In July 1262, He nry follows de Montfort into France & tries to have him arraigned before the French King, Lou is IX, but the attempt fails. Simon returns to England April 1263, which most felt meant a pr ecursor to war.  May 1263 the de Montfort supporters meet & vow all  are enemies who do not s upport the Provisions save the King & his family.  Henry held fast, the barons' discontent fl ared into violence & Simon's supporter the Earl of Derby sacked the town of Worcester & burne d the Jewry. May 1263 the young Earl of Gloucester led an Army west & captured the Bishop o f Hereford, the most hated of the foreign advisors to Henry III then left after the expulsio n of the de Lusignans.  He threw the Bishop into prison, laid siege to the royal castle at Gl oucester, where de Montfort assumed command.  The army then went north to Bridgenorth, wher e they coordinated their attack with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; the twon & castle surrendered.  d e Montfort then headed south for London, where a panicked Henry took refuge in the Tower. I n June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & bes ieged him & his army in the castle.  The Bishop of Worcester placated the townsfolk by takin g Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (which Edward had no intentio n of honoring his pledge).  In October 1263 Richard Duke of Cornwall (Henry's brother) son He nry defected to Montfort. Simon received a triumphal entry into London July 1263 & Henry capi tulated at the Tower of London on July 13, 1263.  Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took th e throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent sim mered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sum s from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford l ead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success , thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Henry III ran afoul of his barons (ag ain) when he requested a large amount of money to aid him in putting down Gaston de Barn's 2n d rebellion in Gascony, saying that de Barn's ally St. Ferdinand III King of Castile was goin g to invade Gascony, but just as he said this, Simon de Montfort returned to England & told t he barons that Henry was actually negotiating with the St. Ferdinand III to marry his daughte r Eleanor to Henry's son Crown Prince Edward "Longshanks" (de Montfort's commetns were true) . At this point, with Henry's many debacles, his lack of resolve & constancy, the reforms wer e going to be made with or without his participation.
  REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number o f Jews to move to England after his conquest.  They spoke Norman & did well under his reign .  They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II.  When Richard was coronated, h e did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white" . The Jews did the worst of all under the pious Henry III as during his reign the church fel t threatened by violence, war, schism & heresy.  The church encouraged Jewish pogroms & sprea d rumors of grisly rituals & murders committed by Jews.  Henry, as a faithful son of the chur ch, did nothing to restrain it.

Details of Henry III's family with Eleanor de Berenger