Richard II, King of England 
Richard II, King of England was born in Bordeaux,Gascony,France.1 Richard II, King of England's father was Edward , the Black Prince Plantagenet and his mother was Joan , "Fair Maid of Kent" Plantagenet. His paternal grandparents were Edward III, King England and Countess, Queen of England Philippa Hainault; his maternal grandparents were Edmund, Prince of England and Margaret Wake Lady. He had a brother named Edward of Angoulême. He had three half-brothers and two half-sisters, named Thomas II, Edmund, John , 2st Duke of Exeter, Joan and Maud. He died in Pontefract Castle,Yorkshire,England murdered.1 General Notes
Richard II (b. Jan. 6, 1367, Bordeaux, Fr.--d. February 1400, Pontefract, Yorkshire, Eng.), king of England from 1377 to 1399. His ultimate defeat and death in conflicts with powerful aristocratic opponents contributed to the enfeeblement and instability that characterized the English monarchy for the next 85 years.
He was the son of Edward the Black Prince and grandson of King Edward III. Richard succeeded to his grandfather's throne in June 1377. He had not yet come of age, and the government continued to be run by the same nobles--dominated by his uncle, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster--who had held power in the last years of the reign of Edward III.
Gaunt's misrule hastened the economic deterioration brought on by the Black Death and the prolonged conflict with France (the Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453). The result was the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, the first great crisis of Richard's reign. Although he was probably acting under directions from his counsellors, Richard displayed great presence of mind when he pacified the rebels with deceptive promises on June 14-15, 1381. In 1382 the king was married to Princess Anne of Bohemia (d. 1394), to whom he became deeply devoted. By 1385 he had begun to build up a personal following of such frivolous courtiers as Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford. At the same time there emerged a ruthless opposition led by Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester; Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel; and Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.
Gaunt kept the peace between the factions until, in July 1386, he departed for Spain to pursue his personal dynastic ambitions in Castile, leaving Richard at the mercy of his enemies. At their instigation Parliament impeached his chancellor, Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk (1386), and created an 11-man commission to oversee the king's activities for a year. When Richard declared these measures treasonable violations of the royal prerogative, his opponents retaliated by having the Parliament of 1388 outlaw his closest friends, some of whom were executed. The defenseless king submitted to the five principal opposition leaders--called the appellants--until in May 1389 he announced his intention to rule as an independent monarch of full age.
Gaunt's return from Spain in late 1389 stabilized the situation, and for eight years Richard worked in apparent harmony with Gaunt and the appellant lords. All this time the king was evidently waiting for an opportunity to revenge himself against his former enemies. He gradually formed a second and stronger royalist party, and by 1397 he was ready to strike. He had Arundel convicted of treason and executed; Warwick was banished and Gloucester imprisoned and murdered.
In September 1398 a quarrel between two former appellants, Gaunt's son Henry Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, gave the king an opportunity to banish both men. Hence, upon the death of John of Gaunt in February 1399, Richard had an excuse to confiscate the vast Lancastrian estates, which would have passed to Bolingbroke. He then made the disastrous mistake of leaving for Ireland (May 1399). In his absence Bolingbroke invaded England and rallied the nobility around himself. Returning to England in August, Richard surrendered to Bolingbroke without a fight. He abdicated (September 30) in favour of Bolingbroke, who ascended the throne as King Henry IV. In October Richard was imprisoned in Pontefract Castle, where he died four months later, possibly by starving himself to death. William Shakespeare's story of his murder in Richard II rests on no reliable authority. Richard revealed a sensitive appreciation of literature by patronizing Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, and Jean Froissart. [Encyclopædia Britannica CD '97]
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Ancestor Pedigree Chart
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*There are earlier generations for the ancestor(s) indicated. See their page(s) for details (click name)
- b.01 Oct 1206 in ,Winchester,Hampshire,England d.16 Nov 1272 in ,Westminster,Middlesex,England
- b.17 Jun 1239 in Westminster,Middlesex,England d.07 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands,Cumberland,England
- b.~ 1217 in Aix-en-Provence,France d.24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury,Wiltshire England
- b.25 Apr 1284 in Carnarvon Castle,Carnarvon,Caernarvonshire,WALES d.21 Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle,,Gloucestershire,England
- b.5 Ago 1201 in of Leon,,Castile,Spain d.30 May 1252 in Sevilla,España
- b.1244 in Burgos,Castilla,España d.29 Nov 1290 in Lincolnshire,England
- b.1208 in Castilla,España d.1279
- b.13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle,Windsor,Berkshire,England d.21 Jun 1377 in Shene Palace,,Surrey,England
- b.01 May 1245 in Chateau de Poissy,Ile-de-France,France d.05 Oct 1285 in Perpignan,Pyrenees-Orientales,France
- b.1260 in Louvain,Brabant,Belgium d.13 Ene 1321 in Paris,Ile-de-France,France
- b.1292 in Of,Paris,Seine,France d.22 Aug 1358 in Hertford Castle,Hertfordshire,England
- b.1234 in Troyes,Aube,Champagne,France d.22 Jul 1274
- b.1271 in Bar-sur-Seine,Aube,France d.1304 in Chateau de Vince,Vincennes,France
- b.1248 in Arras,France d.02 May 1302 in Paris,France
- b.15 Jun 1330 in Woodstock Palace,Woodstock,Oxfordshire,England d.08 Jun 1376 in Westminster Palace,Westminster,Middlesex,England
- b.1228 in Luxembourg,Germany d.24 Dic 1257 in Valenciennes,Nord,France
- b.1247 in Brabant,Belgium d.22 Ago 1304 in Valenciennes,Nord,France
- b.1226 in 's-Hertogenbo,Noord Brabant,Neth. d. in Valenciennes,Nord,,France
- b.~ 1286 in Hainault,France d.07 Jun 1337 in Valenciennes,Nord,France
- b.BET 1217 AND 1220 in Of,,,Luxembourg d.24 Dec 1281
- b.1252 in Luxemburg d.06 Apr 1311 in Valenciennes,Nord,France
- b.1220 in Of,,,Luxembourg d.23 Nov 1275
- b.~ 1314 in of Le Quesnoy,Nord,France d.15 Aug 1369 in Mons,France
- b.01 May 1245 in Chateau de Poissy,Ile-de-France,France d.05 Oct 1285 in Perpignan,Pyrenees-Orientales,France
- b.12 MAR 1270/1271 in ,Vincennes,Val-de-Marne,France d.16 Dec 1325 in ,Nogent-le-Roi,Eure-et-Loire,France
- b.1243 in Mons,France d.1271 in Aragon,España
- b.Abt 1294/1295 in Mons,France d.7 MAR 1342/1352 in Mons,France
- b.1254 in Napoli,Napoli,Italy d.05 May 1309 in Casanuova,Italy
- b.~ 1274 in Of,Napoli,Napoli,Italy d.31 Dec 1299
- b.~ 1258 in Of,Buda,Pest,Hungary d.25 Mar 1323
- b.6 JAN 1366/1367 in Bordeaux,Gascony,France d.6 JAN 1399/1400 in Pontefract Castle,Yorkshire,England murdered
- b.24 Dec 1166 in Kings Manorhouse,Oxford,Oxfordshire,England d.19 Oct 1216 in Newark-On-Trent,Newark,Nottinghamshire,England
- b.01 Oct 1206 in ,Winchester,Hampshire,England d.16 Nov 1272 in ,Westminster,Middlesex,England
- b.~ 1188 in Of,Angouleme,Charente,France d.31 MAY 1245/1246 in ,Fontevrault L'Ab,Maine-Et-Loire,France
- b.17 Jun 1239 in Westminster,Middlesex,England d.07 Jul 1307 in Burgh-by-Sands,Cumberland,England
- b.1198 d.19 Ago 1245
- b.~ 1217 in Aix-en-Provence,France d.24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury,Wiltshire England
- b.1198 d.1266
- b.05 Aug 1301 in ,Woodstock,Oxfordshire,England d.19 MAR 1329/1330 in ,Winchester,Hampshire,England
- b.25 Abr 1214 d.25 Ago 1270
- b.01 May 1245 in Chateau de Poissy,Ile-de-France,France d.05 Oct 1285 in Perpignan,Pyrenees-Orientales,France
- b.1221 d.1295
- b.1279 in Of,Paris,Seine,France d.14 Feb 1317 in Marlborough Cast,Wiltshire,England
- b.~ 1228 in Brabant,France d.1291
- b.1260 in Louvain,Brabant,Belgium d.13 Ene 1321 in Paris,Ile-de-France,France
- b.~ 1231 d.23 Oct 1273
- b.29 Sep 1328 in of Woodstock,Kent,England d.08 Aug 1385 in Wallingford Castle,Wallingford,Berkshire,England
- b.~ 1205 in ,Blisworth,North Hampshire,England d.1241 in ,,,Holy Land
- b.Abt 1237/1238 in ,Blisworth,North Hampshire,England d.5 FEB 1281/1282
- b.~ 1196 in of,Thetford,Norfolk,England d.06 Apr 1276 in Cottingham,Yorksshire,England
- b.~ 1268 in Blisworth,Northamptonshire,England d.<10 Apr 1300 in Liddel,Cumberland,England
- b.~ 1174 in Winchester,Hampshire,England - Constable of Scotland d.25 Apr 1264 in England - burial Brackley,Aberdeenshire,Scotland
- b.1250 in Bisworth,Northampton,England d.1285
- b.~ 1206 in of,Gwynedd,Wales d.<24 Oct 1253 in of,Chester,Cheshire,England
- b.~ 1299 in Liddel,Cumberland,England d.29 Sep 1349
- b.~ 1222 in Kingsdown,Kent,England d.<30 Oct 1259
- b.BET 1244 AND 1246 in Kingsdown,Kent,England d.1300
- b.1273 in Kingsdown,Kent,England d.<26 Oct 1309 in Blisworth,Towcester,Northamptonshire,England
- b.~ 1251 in Northamptonshire,England d.Deceased
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Richard II, King of England were married in a religious ceremony in Calais,,France.2
Richard II, King of England were married in a religious ceremony.2
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