Jacob, in the Old Testament, one of the Hebrew patriarchs, son of Isaac and Rebekah, and grandson of Abraham. After depriving his brother Esau of their father's blessing and of his birthright by trickery, Jacob fled to the house of his uncle, Laban, where he worked for many years, and married Laban's daughters, Leah and Rachel. His wives and their handmaidens, Zilpah and Bilhah, bore him 12 sons, who became the patriarchs of the 12 tribes of Israel. Leah bore Issachar, Judah, Levi, Reuben, Simeon, and Zebulun; Rachel bore Joseph and Benjamin; Zilpah bore Gad and Asher; and Bilhah bore Dan and Naphtali.
The story of Jacob is told in Genesis 25-35. Outstanding events in Jacob's life were the vision (of “Jacob's ladder”) and blessing received at Bethel (see Genesis 28:10-22) and the bestowal of the name Israel upon him by a divine adversary after they had struggled (see Genesis 32:24-32). As the figure of Esau is taken to represent the nation of Edom (see Genesis 36:8), so the figure of Jacob, or Israel, personifies the nation of Israel. Thus the prophet Hosea saw Jacob's experiences as typifying those of his people (see Hosea 12) around 1700 bc.
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