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Family Subtree Diagram : ...Elizabeth Ferrers (1393)

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Biological Child Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Marriage (nine children) Marriage (five children) Marriage (two children) Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (seven children) (two children) (three children) (a child) (a child) (three children) (three children) (four children) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (three children) (a child) (four children) (a child) (six children) (four children) (sixteen children) (five children) (seven children) (three children) (three children) (nine children) (nine children) (a child) (three children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (seven children) (four children) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (five children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (four children) (five children) (a child) (four children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) (two children) 1222 - 1291 Eleanore Berenger of Provence 69 69 Eleanor of Provence (born c. 1217 - died 1291) was Queen Consort of King Henry III of England.

Born in Aix-en-Provence, she was the daughter of Raymond Berenguer IV, Count of Provence (1198-1245) and Beatrice of Savoy (1206-1266), the daughter of Tomasso, Count of Savoy and his second wife Margaret. Eleanor's sister, Marguerite (1221-1295), married Louis IX, King of France and became Queen of France.

When she was 13 years old, Eleanor was married to Henry III, King of England (1207-1272) in January 1236. She had never seen him prior to the wedding at Canterbury Cathedral and had never set foot in his impoverished kingdom. The dynastic match became a true partnership, but her first year in London the despised foreign queen in her barge on the Thames was threatened by a London mob and fled to the bishop of London's palace for safety.

She was a confident consort to Henry, but she brought in her retinue a large number of cousins, "the Savoyards," and her influence with the King and her unpopularity with the English barons created friction during Henry's reign. She stoutly contested Simon de Montfort, raising troops in France for Henry's cause. In 1272 Henry died, and her son Edward, 33 years old, became Edward I, King of England. Eleanor retired to a convent but remained in touch with her son.

Eleanor died in 1291 Amesbury, England.

The couple had nine children, four of whom survived: Edward I (1239 - 1307) Margaret (born 19.9. 1240) Beatrice (born 25.6. 1242) Edmund (born 14.3. 1245) 1207 - 1272 Henry Plantagenet of England 65 65 Henry III (of England) (1207-1272), king of England (1216-1272), son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued.

Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1188 - 1245 Isabella De Taillefer 57 57 # Note: Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
# Note: Page: 151-2, 161-12, 148-3
# Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 260-29

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XII/1:507 1166 - 1216 John Plantagenet of England 49 49 Signed the Magna Charta
Ruled 1199-1216

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Signed the Magna Carta in 1215. Reigned 1199-1216.

King John (December 24, 1167 - October 19, 1216) was King of England from 1199 to 1216. He was the youngest brother of King Richard I who was known as "Richard the Lionheart". Nicknames are "Lackland" (in French, sans terre) and "Soft-sword".

John is best known for angering the barons to rebellion, so that they forced him to agree to the Magna Carta in 1215, and then signing England over to the Pope to get out of the promises he made in that Great Charter. The truth, however, is that he was no better or worse a king than his immediate predecessor or his successor (which is still not much of a compliment).

Born at Oxford, he was the fifth son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and was always his father's favourite son, though being the youngest, he could expect no inheritance (hence his nickname, "Lackland"). In 1189 he married Isabel, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester. (She is given several alternative names by history, including Hawise (or Avice), Joan, and Eleanor.) They had no children, and John had their marriage annulled on the grounds of consanguinity, some time before or shortly after his accession to the throne, which took place on April 6, 1199. (She then married Hubert de Burgh).

Before his accession, John had already acquired a reputation for treachery, having conspired sometimes with and sometimes against his elder brothers, Henry, Geoffrey and Richard. In 1184, John and Richard both claimed that they were the rightful heir to the Aquitaine, one of many unfriendly encounters between the two. The 1185 though, John was given rule over Ireland, whose people grew to despise him, causing John to leave after only six months. During Richard's absence on crusade, John attempted to overthrow his designated regent, despite having been forbidden by his brother to leave France. This was one reason the older legend of Hereward the Wake was updated to King Richard's reign, with "Prince John" as the ultimate villain and the hero now called "Robin Hood". However, on his return to England in 1194, Richard forgave John and named him as his heir.

On Richard's death, John was not universally recognised as king. His young nephew, Arthur of Brittany, the posthumous son of his brother Geoffrey, was regarded by some as the rightful heir, and John eventually disposed of him around 1203, thus adding to his reputation for ruthlessness. In the meantime, he had married, on August 24, 1200, Isabella of Angouleme, who was twenty years his junior. Isabella eventually produced five children, including two sons (Henry and Richard). At around this time John also married off his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Great, building an alliance in the hope of keeping peace within England and Wales so that he would be free to recover his French lands. The French king had declared most of these forfeit in 1204, leaving John only Gascony in the southwest.

As far as the administration of his kingdom went, John was quite a just and enlightened ruler, but he won the disapproval of the barons by taxing them. Particularly unpopular was the tax known as scutage, which was a penalty for those who failed to supply military resources. He also fell out with the Pope by rejecting Stephen Langton, the official candidate for the position of Archbishop of Canterbury. This resulted in John's being excommunicated. He was having much the same kind of dispute with the church as his father had had before him. Unfortunately, his excommunication was an encouragement to his political rivals to rise against him. Having successfully put down the Welsh uprising of 1211, he turned his attentions back to his overseas interests and regained the approval of Pope Innocent III.

The European wars culminated in a defeat which forced the king to accept an unfavourable peace with France. This finally turned the barons against him, and he met their leaders at Runnymede, near London, on June 15, 1215, to sign the Great Charter called, in Latin, Magna Carta. Because it had been signed under duress, however, John felt entitled to break it as soon as hostilities had ceased. It was the following year that John, retreating from a threatened French invasion, crossed the marshy area known as The Wash in East Anglia and lost his most valuable treasures, including the Crown Jewels, as a result of the unexpected incoming tide. This was a terrible blow, which affected his health and state of mind, and he succumbed to dysentery, dying on October 18 or October 19, 1216, at Newark in Lincolnshire*, and is buried in Worcester Cathedral in the city of Worcester. He was succeeded by his nine-year-old son as King Henry III of England.

*Footnote: Newark is now within the County of Nottinghamshire, close to its long boundary with Lincolnshire.

Was King John illiterate?

For a long time, school children have been taught that King John had to approve the Magna Carta by attaching his seal to it because he could not sign it, being unable to read or write. The textbooks that said that were the same kind that said Christopher Columbus wanted to prove the earth was round. Whether the original authors of these errors knew better and oversimplified because they were writing for children, or whether they had been misinformed themselves, the result was generations of adults who remembered mainly two things about "wicked King John," and both of them wrong. (The other one being that if Robin Hood had not stepped in, Prince John would have embezzled the money raised to ransom King Richard.) In fact, King John did sign the draft of the Charter that was hammered out in the tent on Charter Island at Runnymede on 15 - 18 June 1215, but it took the clerks and scribes working in the royal offices some time after everyone went home to prepare the final copies, which were then sealed and delivered to the appropriate officials. In those days, legal documents were sealed to make them official, not signed. (Even today, many legal documents are not considered effective without the seal of a notary public or corporate official, and printed legal forms such as deeds say "L.S." next to the signature lines. That stands for the Latin locus signilli ("place of the seal"), signifying that the signer is using a signature as a substitute for a seal.) When William the Conqueror (and his wife) signed the Accord of Winchester in 1072, for example, they and all the bishops signed with crosses, as illiterate people would later do, but it was because it was the legal practice, not because the bishops could not write their own names.

Henry II had at first intended for his son Prince John to be educated to go into the Church, which would have meant Henry did not have to give him any land, but in 1171 Henry began negotiations to betroth John to the daughter of Count Humbert III of Maurienne-Savoy (who had no son yet and so wanted a son-in-law), and after that there was no more talk of making John a churchman. John's parents were both well educated -- Henry II spoke some half dozen languages, and Eleanor of Aquitaine had attended lectures at what was about to become the University of Paris, in addition to what they had been taught of law and government, religion, and literature -- and John was one of the best educated kings England ever had. Some of the books the records show he read were: De Sacramentis Christianae Fidei by Hugh of St. Victor, Sentences by Peter Lombard, The Treatise of Origen, and a history of England that was probably Robert Wace's Roman de Brut, based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae.
 1372 - 1396 Robert de Ferrers 24 24 2nd Baron 1394 Mary de Ferrers 1371 - 1409 John Beaufort 38 38 D. 1394 Constance of Castile 1372 Katherine Plantagenet 1320 - 1370 Payne (Paon) De Roet (Of Guienne) 50 50 king of Arms in Guinne (Guyen) 1315 - 1372 Bonneuil Chenerailles 57 57 1340 - 1400 Geoffrey Chaucer 60 60 The famous poet Thomas Chaucer 1208 - 1272 Richard Plantagenet 64 64 1210 Joane Plantagenet 1214 Isabel Plantagenet 1215 - 1273 Eleanor Plantagenet 58 58 1187 - 1252 Blanche Alphonsa of Castile 65 65 1047 - 1089 Renaud Nevers 42 42 # Note: died: 1098 [Ref: ES III:687] nach (after) 1098 [Ref: ES III:716]
# Note:
# Note: The flwg is caveat emptor:
# Note:
# Note: Book Description:
# Note:

    This book examines the history of a prominent castle lord of eleventh-century Anjou, a man who has been referred to in numerous works but has never been carefully studied. Robert the Burgundian was an Angevin knight whom the counts of Anjou allowed to amass enormous power on the northwestern march of Anjou. Until he departed for the First Crusade in 1098 Robert was the central figure in Count Fulk Rechin’s court. In contrast with many studies of the period, this work finds that
    Robert spent a long career as a major supporter of the counts of Anjou, rather than as someone undermining their authority. The author calls into question what is known about “feudal anarchy” in the eleventh century and finds that Robert and his descendants were indeed loyal to the count and were able to maintain Angevin power.

# Note:

    Remarkably, records of more than one hundred legal acts involving Robert, some based on his actual words, survive today. They reveal a richly textured life, establishing family connections, political alliances, and relations with the Church as Robert struggled to maintain his lands and position through invasion, civil war, and episcopal interdict. Of special interest is Robert’s participation in the First Crusade after a personal visit by Pope Urban II, and his interaction with the counts and the effect this had on the development of the Angevin state. [Ref: http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813209730/402-8914116-7854569]

# Note:
# Note:

    The first R(obert) de B(Burgundian) I'm concerned with, went to the Holy Land and died, 1098. His son, Robert le B de Sable, died by 1110. A surviving son, Rainald le B, swapped Sable for Craon. Rainald's son, R le B of Craon (Palestine 1138/48) was Grand Master of the Order of Knights Templar, (founded just before David became King of Scotland, and later replaced by the Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem). [Ref: http://home.freeuk.com/billmarshall/dunnettqa5.htm]

 1060 Ida de Forez 1078 - 1100 Ermengarde de Nevers 22 22 1164 - 1219 Raoul de Lusignan 55 55 1120 Bourgogne de Rancon 1140 Geoffrey de Lusignan 1225 - 1296 William de Lusignan de Valence 71 71 # Note:

    William de Luzignan, otherwise de Valence, son of Hugh le Brun, Comte de la Marche, in Poictou, by Isabel, his wife, dau. of Aymer, Comte d'Angouleme, and widow of King John, derived his surname from the place of his birth, as the rest of his brothers did from theirs, and being so nearly allied to King Henry III (half-brother by the mother), was brought into England in 1247 with Guy de Lusignan, his elder brother, and Alice, his sister, in consequence of being oppressed by the King of France. Not many months after his arrival, he was made governor of Goderich Castle, and through the influence of the king, obtained the hand of Joane, dau. and eventually heir of Warine de Monchensy, by Joane, his wife, 2nd sister and co-heir of Anselme Marshal, Earl of Pembroke.

# Note:

    William de Valence had, subsequently, a grant from the crown of the castle and honour of Hertford, as also another grant to himself and his lady, and to their issue of all those debts which William de Lancaster did then own to the Jews throughout the whole realm. "About this time," writes Dugdale, "this William de Valence, residing at Hertford Castle, rode to the Park at Haethfel, belonging to the bishop of Ely, and there hunting without any leave went to the bishop's manor house and, readily finding nothing to drink but ordinary beer, broke open the buttery doors and swearing and cursing the drink and whose who made it; after all his company had drunk their fills, pulled the spigots out of the vessels and let out the rest on the floor; and that a servant of the house hearing the noise and coming to see what the matter was, they laughed him to scorn and so departed."

# Note:

    In the 34th Henry III, William de Valence was in the Holy Land, and in the 42nd had a military summons to march against the Welsh, but he was soon afterwards obliged to fly the kingdom when the barons took up arms against the influence of himself and other foreigners. He came back, however, after an exile of only two years, under the protection of the king, but was not suffered to land by the barons until he had sworn to observe the ordinances of Oxford. Nevertheless, the contest again breaking out, he had a chief command in the royal arms and, with the prince, assaulted successfully the town or Northampton, when the whole baronial force was put to the rout, but soon rallying owing to the junction of the Londoners, the battle of Lewes ensued and victory deserted the royal banner. In this action the king and his son became prisoners; but Valence, who then bore the title Earl of Pembroke, with the Earl of Warren and others, escaped by flight, first to Pevensey and thence into France. His lands were, however, seized by the triumphant barons, and his wife, who was residing at Windsor Castle, ordered to retire immediately into some religious house. The battle of Evesham, however, again changing the fortune of war and the power of the king being re-established, the Earl of Pembroke, with the other stanch adherents of royalty, were restored to their possessions, and his lordship had, subsequently, large grants from the crown.

# Note:

    In the 18th Edward I [1290], the earl, with Joane, his wife, presented a petition to parliament setting forth "that, whereas, upon the death of William de Monchensi (brother to her, the said Joane), they had obtained a bull from the Pope directed to the archbishop of Canterbury, touching the inheritance of the lands of the said William de Monchensi, thereby desiring that the king would please to commit the tuition of Dionysia, the daughter of the said William, unto some person who might appear before the said archbishop, and such other judges as were named in the bull." But it was answered that the admission of that bull would tend to the diminution of the king's authority and power by reason that such cases of hereditary succession ought not to be determined but in his own courts. Wherefore, inasmuch as it did appear that the object of the earl was to invalidate the sentence of the bishop of Worcester, which had declared the said Dionysia to be legitimate, and his design to make her a bastard in order that he might enjoy her estates, his lordship and his lady were prohibited to prosecute their appeal any further. His lordship was afterwards engaged in the wars of France and was slain there in 1296, when his remains were conveyed to England and interred in Westminster Abbey under a splendid monument. The earl had issue by the heiress of Monchensi three sons and four daus., viz. John, William, Aymer, Anne, Isabel, Joan, and Margaret. His lordship was s. by his only surviving son, Aymer de Valence. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 545, Valence, Earls of Pembroke]

 1228 - 1307 Joan de Munchensy 79 79 1273 Joan de Valence 1183 - 1246 Hugh de Lusignan 63 63 # Note:

Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 151-2, 148-3

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XII/1:507

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 117-27
Text: 1246 1220 Hugh de Lusignan 1163 - 1219 Hugh de Lusignan 56 56 # Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 117-27 1158 - 1236 Mathilde Taillefer 78 78 1134 Umberge de Limoges 1160 - 1218 Aymer de Taillefer 58 58 # Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 117-26

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 4
Text: no date, 2nd husb. 1160 - 1218 Alice de Courtenay 58 58 1126 - 1183 Pierre Capet France 57 57 # Note:

Peter/Pierre de Courtenay (took his wife's name and the arms of Courtenay, viz. or three roundlets gules (to which his descendants sometimes added an escutcheon of France), and died 1183), 7th son of Louis VI of France. [Burke's Peerage]

# Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 107-25

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 833 1127 - 1205 Isabelle de Courtenay 78 78 # Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 107-25

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 833 1166 Robert de Courtenay 1100 - 1161 Renaud de Courtenay 61 61 # Note:

    Renaud de Courtenay, Lord of Courtenay; accompanied Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade but quarreled with him so that Louis seized his French possessions and bestowed them, with Renaud's daughter (Elizabeth) in marriage, on his (Louis') own younger brother Pierre; Renaud subsequently threw in his lot with the English kings and was granted the Lordship of Sutton (now Sutton Courtenay), on the Berks-Oxon borders by Henry II 1161; accompanied Henry II to Wexford in the Irish expedition of 1172; married 1st Hedwige (living 1148-58), sister of Guy du Donjon; married 2nd Maud, Dame du Sap (dsp 1224), daughter of Robert Fitz Roy (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) by his wife Maud d'Avranches. [Burke's Peerage]

# Note:

I consider there to be two Renaud de Courtenay's: Renaud I married Hedwige du Donjon and his son, Renaud II married 1st Hawise Deincourt and 2nd Maud du Sap (dsp 1224).

# Note: ---------------------------------------------------
of Sutton, Berkshire, England; Sire de Courtenay; exiled 1150. [Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, 3rd ed., Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore MD, 1998]

# Note: ----------------------------------------------------

    The story is told that the great possesions in France of Renaud de Courtenay (a man of high social rank and described in personal terms as in effect a glorified bandit) were seized abt 1150 by King Louis VII who granted them to his own youngest brother, Pierre (ancestor of the French Courtenays), with Renaud's daughter, Elizabeth, in marriage, and that Renaud then appeared in England as a minor functionary of the English Court with a small manor and another family. [Ancestral Roots, Frederick Weis, line 138]

# Note:

    Ancestral Roots also discounts Renaud II being the son of Milo (ie. Renaud I and Renaud II in my genalogy, which AR seems to consider the same person) because of dates and social standings, but does not seem to address the possibility of a Reginald [d. 1194 - line 138-25), son of Renaud II (d. 1190 - line 138-24), son of Renaud I (d. 1161 - line 107-24), son of Milo [d. 1127 - line 107-23).

# Note:

Since according to Burke, Elizabeth's marriage was 1150, Renaud lost his French lands and went to England on or about 1150. His children were born in France, while he still had possession of his French estates.

# Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 107-24

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 833

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Seigneur De Courtenay
Baron of Oakhampton
He was a nobleman of Sutton, Berkshire, England.
He was the son of Miles de Courtenay and Ermengard de Nevers. He married Elizabeth de Donjon, a daughter of Frederick du Donjon and Corbeil.
(Wikipedia)

Reginald de Courtenay, who went to the Holy Land, and went to England with Queen Eleanor (divorced wife of Louis VII, King of France), who married Henry, Duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II, King of England. King Louis VII had taken his Queen Eleanor, heiress of Aquitiane and Poicters, etc., with him to the Holy Land, where he suspected her of nuptial infidelity. Upon that occasion there were two parties, one for the King and one for the Queen. Reginald de Courtenay was one of those who vindicated Eleanor's character. Reginald de Courtenay whilst in France married a sister of Guy de Donjon, who was one of the famous knights of that age, and descended from the ancient Counts of Corbeil, and had by her two daughters. The eldest, Elizabeth, married Peter, youngest son of Louis VI, King of France, surnamed Le Gros, which Peter on obtaining all the Seigneuries of Courtenay, Montorges, etc., took the name and arms of Courtenay, and was ancestor of the Courtenays of France, who claim the rank of Princes of the Blood next to the House of Bourbon. Their daughter Alice married Aymer, Count of Valence, and their daughter Isabel married King John of England. Their son Peter married Yolanda of Hainault, sister of Baldwin, Emperor of Constantinople, and their daughter Yolanda or Jolanda married Andrew, King of Hungary. Reginald de Courtenay married 2nd Hawisa D'Eincourt, only daughter and heir of Robert de Abrancis, from whom Reginald de Courtenay in right of his wife became hereditary Sheriff of Devonshire, Baron of Oakhampton, and Governor of Castle Exeter. Sir Reginald died Sept. 27, 1194 and is buried in Ford Abbey. His 2nd wife Hawisa died July 30, 1209. He was in great favor with Henry II, was with him in his wars, and esteemed a noble and valiant warrior, and was witness to many deeds and charters. By his 2nd wife he had 3 sons and one daughter: Robert, from whom this line is descended, Reginald, Henry, and Egeline (the wife of Gilbert Bassett, Baron of Heddington, by whom she had a daughter Eustachia, who married Richard de Camville, and their daughter Idonea married William de Longspee, Earl of Salisbury, natural son of Henry II, by Rosamund Clifford. Ela de Longspee married James D'Audley and Joan D'Audley married John de Beauchamp.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 283)
 1100 Hawise de Donjon 1125 - 1194 Renaud de Courtenay 69 69 1069 - 1127 Milo de Courtenay 58 58 Note: Miles de Courtenay, Lord of Courtenay, founder of Cistercian Abbey of Fontaine-Jean. [Burke's Peerage] 1034 - 1079 Josceline de Courtenay 45 45 1068 Hermengard de Courtenay 0985 - 1000 Athon de Courtenay 15 15 # Note:

    The Courtenays, of whom a distinguished line still exists, were one of the most illustrious races amongst the British nobility, and deduced their pedigree paternally from Athon, who himself descended from Pharamond, found, in 420, of the French monarchy, and common patriarch of all the Kings of France. This Athon, having fortified, during the reign of Robert the Wise, the town of Courtenay, in the Isle of France, thence adopted his surname. But as the power of the Courtenays in England principally arose from the great alliances formed by the first members of the family who settled here, we shall pass at once to their maternal pedigree. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, p.  139, Courtenay, Barons Courtenay, Earls of Devon]

Note: Athon de Courtenay, Sire de Courtenay in the Gâtinais and of Château Renard; built the castle at Courtenay, 1010. [Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, 3rd ed., Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore MD, 1998] 1040 Artald de Forez 1045 Ida Ramona de Geilin 1018 - 1058 Geraud de Forez 40 40 Adelaide 1000 Artaud de Forez Theutberga 0965 Geraldus de Forez Ginburgia 0929 - 0960 Artaud de Forez 31 31 0890 William de Forez 0868 William de Forez 1085 - 1138 Frederic de Donjon 53 53 1090 Hedwige 1050 Everard de Donjon 1357 John of Portugal 1394 Henry of Portugal 1400 John of Portugal 1397 Isabella of Portugal 1391 Duarte of Portugal 1338 - 1368 Lionel Plantagenet of Antwerp 29 29 Lionel of Antwerp (November 29, 1338 - October 7, 1368) was the third son of Edward III of England, and was so called because he was born at Antwerp, Belgium.

Betrothed when a child to Elizabeth (d. 1363), daughter and heiress of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d. 1332), he was married to her in 1352; but before this date he had entered into possession of her great Irish inheritance and was called Earl of Ulster from 1347. Having been named as his father's representative in England in 1345 and again in 1346, Lionel joined an expedition into France in 1355, but his chief energies were reserved for the affairs of Ireland.

Appointed governor of that country, he landed at Dublin in 1361, and in November of the following year was created Duke of Clarence, while his father made an abortive attempt to secure for him the crown of Scotland. His efforts to secure an effective authority over his Irish lands were only moderately successful; and after holding a parliament at Kilkenny, which passed the celebrated statute of Kilkenny in 1367, he threw up his task in disgust and returned to England.

Lionel's wife died in Dublin in 1363, having given birth to a daughter, Philippa, whose descendants would one day claim the throne for the House of York. A second marriage was arranged for Lionel with Yolande or Violante, daughter of Galeazzo Visconti, lord of Pavia (d. 1378); the enormous dowry which Galeazzo promised with his daughter being exaggerated by the rumour of the time. Journeying to fetch his bride, Lionel was received in great state both in France and Italy, and was married to Violante at Milan in June 1368. Some months were then spent in festivities, during which Lionel was taken ill at Alba, where he died.

His only child, Philippa, married in 1368 Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1351-1381), and through this union Clarence became the ancestor of Edward IV. The poet Chaucer was at one time a page in Lionel's household. Violante Visconti 1312 - 1377 Edward Plantagenet of England 64 64 Edward III (1312-1377), king of England (1327-1377), who initiated the long, drawn-out struggle with France called the Hundred Years' War.

Edward was born at Windsor on November 13, 1312, the elder son of King Edward II, of the house of Plantagenet. Involved by his mother, Isabella of France, in her intrigues against his father, he was proclaimed king after the latter was forced to abdicate in 1327. During Edward's minority, England was nominally ruled by a council of regency, but the actual power was in the hands of Isabella and her paramour, Roger de Mortimer. In 1330, however, the young king staged a palace coup and took the power into his own hands. He had Mortimer hanged and confined his mother to her home.

Edward began a series of wars almost directly after he had control of England. Taking advantage of civil war in Scotland in 1333, he invaded the country, defeated the Scots at Halidon Hill, England, and restored Edward de Baliol to the throne of Scotland. Baliol, however, was soon deposed, and later attempts by Edward to establish him permanently as king of Scotland were unsuccessful. In 1337 France came to the aid of Scotland. This action was the culminating point in a series of disagreements between France and England, and Edward declared war on Philip VI of France. In 1340 the English fleet destroyed a larger French fleet off Sluis, the Netherlands. The action resulted in a truce that, although occasionally disturbed, lasted for six years.

War broke out again in 1346. Edward, accompanied by his eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, invaded Normandy (Normandie) and won a great victory over France in the Battle of Crécy. He captured Calais in 1347, and a truce was reestablished. Edward returned to England, where he maintained one of the most magnificent courts in Europe. The war with France was renewed in 1355, and again the English armies were successful. The Peace of Calais, in 1360, gave England all of Aquitaine, and Edward in return renounced his claim, first made in 1328, to the French throne.

Edward continued to assert his will both domestically and abroad. In 1363 he concluded an agreement with his brother-in-law, David II of Scotland, uniting the two kingdoms in the event of David's death without male issue. Three years later Edward repudiated the papacy's feudal supremacy over England, held in fief since 1213. He renewed his war with France, disavowing the Peace of Calais. This time, however, the English armies were unsuccessful. After the truce of 1375, Edward retained few of his previously vast possessions in France.

The king had, by this time, become senile. He was completely in the power of an avaricious mistress, Alice Perrers, who, along with his fourth son, John of Gaunt, dominated England. Perrers was banished by Parliament in 1376, and Edward himself died at Sheen (now Richmond) on June 21, 1377. He was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1330 Edward Plantagenet 1341 Edmund Plantagenet of Langley 1344 Mary Plantagenet 1284 - 1327 Edward Plantagenet of England 43 43 Edward II (1284-1327), Plantagenet king of England (1307-1327), whose incompetence and distaste for government finally led to his deposition and murder.

Edward was born on April 25, 1284, at Caernarfon (Caernarvon), Wales, the fourth son of King Edward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile. The deaths of his older brothers made the infant prince heir to the throne; in 1301 he was proclaimed Prince of Wales, the first heir apparent in English history to bear that title. The prince was idle and frivolous, with no liking for military campaigning or affairs of state. Believing that the prince's close friend Piers Gaveston, a Gascon knight, was a bad influence on the prince, Edward I banished Gaveston. On his father's death, however, Edward II recalled his favorite. Gaveston incurred the opposition of the powerful English barony. The nobles were particularly angered in 1308, when Edward made Gaveston regent for the period of the king's absence in France, where he went to marry Isabella, daughter of King Philip IV. In 1311 the barons, led by Thomas, earl of Lancaster, forced the king to appoint from among them a committee of 21 nobles and prelates, called the lords ordainers. They proclaimed a series of ordinances that transferred the ruling power to themselves and excluded the commons and lower clergy from Parliament. After they had twice forced the king to banish Gaveston, and the king had each time recalled him, the barons finally had the king's favorite kidnapped and executed.

In the meantime, Robert Bruce had almost completed his reconquest of Scotland, which he had begun shortly after 1305. In 1314 Edward II and his barons raised an army of some 100,000 men with which to crush Bruce, but in the attempt to lift the siege of Stirling they were decisively defeated (see Bannockburn, Battle of). For the following eight years the earl of Lancaster virtually ruled the kingdom. In 1322, however, with the advice and help of two new royal favorites, the baron Hugh le Despenser, and his son, also Hugh le Despenser, Edward defeated Lancaster in battle and had him executed. The le Despensers thereupon became de facto rulers of England. They summoned a Parliament in which the commons were included and which repealed the ordinances of 1311 on the ground that they had been passed by the barons only. The repeal was a great step forward in English constitutional development, for it meant that thenceforth no law passed by Parliament was valid unless the House of Commons approved it.

Edward again futilely invaded Scotland in 1322, and in 1323 signed a 13-year truce with Bruce. In 1325 Queen Isabella accompanied the Prince of Wales to France, where, in accordance with feudal custom, he did homage to king Charles IV for the fief of Aquitaine. Isabella, who desired to depose the le Despensers, allied herself with some barons who had been exiled by Edward. In 1326, with their leader, Roger de Mortimer, Isabella raised an army and invaded England. Edward and his favorites fled, but his wife's army pursued and executed the le Despensers and imprisoned Edward. In January 1327, Parliament forced Edward to resign and proclaimed the Prince of Wales king as Edward III. On September 21 of that year Edward II was murdered by his captors at Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1292 - 1358 Isabella Capet of France 66 66 1239 - 1307 Edward Plantagenet of England 68 68 Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.

The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice and passed legislation allowing feudal barons and the crown to collect revenues from properties willed to the church.

On the refusal of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, ruler of Wales, to submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled all Jews from England. War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edward's power in Gascony. Edward lost Gascony in 1293 and did not again come into possession of the duchy until 1303. About the same year in which he lost Gascony, the Welsh rose in rebellion.

Greater than either of these problems was the disaffection of the people of Scotland. In agreeing to arbitrate among the claimants to the Scottish throne, Edward, in 1291, had exacted as a prior condition the recognition by all concerned of his overlordship of Scotland. The Scots later repudiated him and made an alliance with France against England. To meet the critical situations in Wales and Scotland, Edward summoned a parliament, called the Model Parliament by historians because it was a representative body and in that respect was the forerunner of all future parliaments. Assured by Parliament of support at home, Edward took the field and suppressed the Welsh insurrection. In 1296, after invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself king of that realm. In 1298 he again invaded Scotland to suppress the revolt led by Sir William Wallace. In winning the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but he failed to crush Scottish opposition.

The conquest of Scotland became the ruling passion of his life. He was, however, compelled by the nobles, clergy, and commons to desist in his attempts to raise by arbitrary taxes the funds he needed for campaigns. In 1299 Edward made peace with France and married Margaret, sister of King Philip III of France. Thus freed of war, he again undertook the conquest of Scotland in 1303. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305. No sooner had Edward established his government in Scotland, however, than a new revolt broke out and culminated in the coronation of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland. In 1307 Edward set out for the third time to subdue the Scots, but he died en route near Carlisle on July 7, 1307.

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Earl of Chester
Edward I Plantagenet nicknamed "Longshanks" due to his great height and stature,was perhaps the most successful of the medieval monarchs. The first twenty years of his reign marked a high point of cooperation between crown and community. In these years, Edward made great strides in reforming government, consolidating territory, and defining foreign policy. He possessed the strength his father lacked and reasserted royal prerogative. Edward fathered many children as well : sixteen by Eleanor of Castille before her death in 1290, and three more by Margaret. Edward concentrated on an aggressive foreign policy. A major campaign to control Llywelyn ap Gruffydd of Wales began in 1277 and lasted until Llywelyn's death in 1282. Wales was divide d in to shires, English civil law was introduced, and the region was administered by appointed justices. In the manner of earlier monarchs, Edward constructed many new castles to ensure his conquest. In 1301, the king's eldest son was named Prince of Wales. Edward found limited success in extending English influence into Ireland: he introduced a Parliament in Dublin and increased commerce in a few coastal towns, but most of the country was controlled by independent barons or Celtic tribal chieftains .He retained English holdings in France through diplomacy, but was drawn into war by the incursions of Philip IV in Gascony. He negotiated a peace with France in 1303 and retained those areas England held before the war. Edward's involvement in Scotland had far reaching effects. The country had developed a feudal kingdom similar to England in the Lowlands the Celtic tribal culture dispersed to the Highlands. After the death of the Scottish king, Alexander III, Edward negotiated a treaty whereby Margaret, Maid of Norway and legitimate heir to the Scottish crown,would be brought to England to marry his oldest son, the future Edward II.Margaret, however, died in 1290 enroute to England, leaving a disputed succession in Scotland; Edward claimed the right to intercede as feudal lord of the Scottish kings through their Anglo-Normanroots. Edward arbitrated between thirteen different claimants and chose John Baliol. Baliol did homage to Edward as his lord , but the Scots resisted Edward's demands for military service. In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland and soundly defeated the Scots under Baliol. Baliol was forced to abdicate and the Scottish bar ons did homage to Edward as their king.William Wallace incited a rebellion in 1297, defeated the English army at Stirling, and harassed England's northern counties. The next year,Edward defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk but encountered continued resistance until Wallace's capture and execution in 1304. Robert Bruce, the grandson of a claimant to the throne in 1290, instigated another revolt in 1306 and would ultimately defeat the army of Edward II at Bannockburn. Edward's campaigns in Scotland were ruthless and aroused in the Scots a hatred of England that would endure for generations.
(Wikipedia)

Will:
In the name, &c. We, Edward, eldest son of the noble King of England, make our Will the Saturday next after Pentecost, in the year of our Lord 1272. First, we bequeath our soul to God, to our Lady, and to all the Saints; and our body to be buried where our executors, that is to say, Sir John de Bretagne, Sir William de Valence, Sir Roger de Clifford, Sir Payse de Chautros, Sir Robert de Tiletot, Sir Otes de Graundison, Robert Burnett, and Anthony Bek, shall appoint; who are also to hold the profits of all our lands in England, Ireland, and Gascony, until our children become of age. And if it should so happen (which God forbid!) that our Lord the King, our father, die whilst our children be under age, we will that the realm of England, and all other lands which should descend to our children, remain in the hands of our executors before named, and also in those of our dear father the Archbishop of York, and Sir Rog. and other great men of the kingdom, until they become of full age. And for the dowry of our dear wife Eleanor, &c. In testimony of which we have placed our seal to this Will, having requested John Archbishop of Sur, and Vicar of the Holy Church of Jerusalem, and the honorable fathers, Frere Hugh Revel, Master of the Hospital, and Frere Thomas Brerard, Master of the Temple, likewise to place their seals in witness hereof. Dated at Acre, the Saturday before named, the 18th June, in the year of the reign of the King our Father the 55th.
(Abstracts of Wills, Plantagenet Era)
 1244 - 1290 Eleanor of Castile 46 46 1316 John of Eltham 1318 Eleanor Plantagenet 1321 Joan Plantagenet 1241 Beatrice Plantagenet of England Richard of England Margaret Plantagenet John of England Catherine of England William of England Henry of England 1282 - 1316 Elizabeth Plantagenet 33 33 1301 - 1330 Edmund Plantagenet 28 28 Earl of Kent
Edmund Plantagenet, surnamed of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, married Margaret, daughter of John, Lord Wake.

Edmund Plantagenet, born August 5, 1301, surnamed of Woodstock, from the place of his birth, 2nd son of Edward I, was summoned to Parliament by writ, directed to Edmundo de Woodstock, August 5, 1320. He had previously been in the wars of Scotland and had obtained considerable territorial grants from the crown. In the next year he was created Earl of Kent and had a grant of the Castle of Okham, in the County of Rutland, and shrievalty of the county. About the same time he was constituted Governor of the Castle of Tunbridge. He married Margaret, Countess of Wake, daughter of John Wake, who died in 1304, and was succeeded by his son Thomas, Lord Wake, who died sine prole in 1349, leaving his sister Margaret his heir, who carried the Barony of Wake into the family of Plantagenet. They had two sons, Edmund, who became Baron Wake and Earl of Kent, but died in his minority, and was succeeded by his brother John, who also died sine prole in 1352. Their sister Margaret had also died sine prole, and the Earldom of Kent and the Baronies of Woodstock and Wake, honours of their father and a dignity of their mother, devolved upon their only surviving sister, Joan.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 383)

Edmund Plantagenet, or Edmund of Woodstock (August 5, 1301 – March 19, 1330) was Earl of Kent from July 28, 1321 (1st creation).
He was born at Woodstock, Oxfordshire, the son of King Edward I of England by his second Queen consort Marguerite of France. As the youngest of the six princes he enjoyed his father's favour. Woodstock was married to Margaret Wake, the daughter of Baron John Wake by Joan, sometime between October and December in 1325 at Blisworth in Northamptonshire.
He was from 1327 'after the execution and forfeiture of John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel' for the three remaining years of his life to hold the castle and honour of Arundel, although he was never formally invested with the titles appropriate to his barony. He was the father of Joan of Kent, through whom the earldom eventually passed into the Holland family.
Edmund was executed for treason, having supported his half-brother, the deposed King Edward II, by order of the 'Regents Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March and Queen Isabella of France', before the outer walls of Winchester Castle. It was said that he had conspired to rescue King Edward from prison. Such was public hostility to the execution that "he had to wait five hours for an executioner, because nobody wanted to do it".
Woodstock was buried on March 31 at the Church of the Dominican Friars in Winchester.
Woodstock's execution would appear a retaliation for Edward I's crushing defeat against Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and because the king had treated his rebellious cousins with such great savagery, pursuing the surviving members of the de Montfort family relentlessly.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
 1264 Eleanor Plantagenet 1266 John Plantagenet 1268 Henry Plantagenet 1273 Alphonso Plantagenet Isabel Plantagenet 1275 Margaret Plantagenet 1276 Berengeria Plantagenet Alice Plantagenet Beatrice Plantagenet Lucy Corona 1275 - 1317 Margaret of France 42 42 She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant. She was also the second Queen consort of King Edward I of England.

Three years after the death of his beloved first wife, Eleanor of Castile, at the age of 48 in 1290, Edward I was still grieving. But news got to him of the beauty of Blanche, sister to King Philip IV of France. Edward decided that he would marry Blanche at any cost and sent out emissaries to negotiate the marriage with Philip. Philip agreed to give Blanche to Edward on the following conditions: a truce was concluded between the two countries and
Edward gave up the province of Gascony.
Edward, surprisingly, agreed and sent his brother Edmund Crouchback, Duke of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride. Edward had been deceived, for Blanche was to be married to Rudolph I of Bohemia and eldest son of Albert I of Germany. Instead Philip offered his younger sister Marguerite, a young girl of 11, to marry Edward (then 55). Upon hearing this, Edward declared war on France, refusing to marry Marguerite. After five years, a truce was agreed, under the terms of which Edward would marry Marguerite and would regain the key city of Guienne, and receive the £15,000 owed to Marguerite from her father, King Philip III the Bold.
Edward was now 60 years old. The wedding took place at Canterbury on September 8, 1299. Edward soon returned to the Scottish border to continue his campaigns and left Marguerite in London. After several months, bored and lonely, the young queen decided to join her husband. Nothing could have pleased the king more, for Marguerite's actions reminded him of his first wife Eleanor, who had had two of her sixteen children abroad.

Marguerite soon became firm friends with her stepdaughter Mary, a nun, who was two years older than the young queen. In less than a year Marguerite gave birth to a son, and then another a year later. It is said that many who fell under the king's wrath were saved from too stern a punishment by the queen's influence over her husband, and the statement, Pardoned solely on the intercession of our dearest consort, queen Marguerite of England, appears.
In all, Marguerite gave birth to three children: Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk; Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent; and a daughter, named Eleanor in honor of Edward's first queen, who perished in infancy.
The mismatched couple were blissfully happy. When Blanche died in 1306 (her husband never became Emperor), Edward ordered all the court to go into mourning to please his queen. He had realised the wife he had gained was "a pearl of great price". The same year Marguerite gave birth to a girl, Eleanor, a choice of name which surprised many, and showed Marguerite's un-jealous nature. After Edward died, as a widow at twenty six, she never remarried saying "when Edward died, all men died for me", but she used her immense dowry to relieve people's suffering.
(Wikipedia)
 1300 - 1338 Thomas Plantagenet of Brotherton 38 38 Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (June 1, 1300 – August 4, 1338) was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France. He was named in honor of St. Thomas.

His father died when he was 7 years old. Thomas' half-brother, Edward, now became king of England. The Earldom of Cornwall had been intended for Thomas, but Edward instead bestowed it upon his favorite, Piers Gaveston, in 1306. When he was 10 years old, his brother Edward II of England assigned him and another brother, Edmund, the estates of Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk who had died without heir in 1306.

In 1312 he was titled, "Earl of Norfolk" and on February 10, 1316 he was created Marshal of England. When his brother went to Scotland in the war, he was left Keeper of England. Thomas was known for having a hot and violent temper. He was one of the many victims of the unchecked greed of Hugh the younger Despenser, who stole some of the young earl's lands. He allied himself with Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March when they invaded England in 1326, and stood as one of the judges in the trials against both Despensers.
He married first, probably in 1319, to Alice Hayles, daughter of Sir Roger Hayles and Alice Skogan. She was supposed to have been a great beauty. Her father was the coroner of Norfolk, a title that held a different meaning in the 14th century than it does today; his post demanded that he collect and protect revenues for the king. Thomas and Alice had three children.
Alice Hayles died in 1330, when a chantry was founded for her soul in Bosham, Sussex. Thomas was married before March 28 1335 to Mary Brewes, widow of Ralph de Cobham, Lord Cobham. He died in September 1338, and was buried in the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds. Thomas was also an ancestor of two of the wives of Henry VIII of England, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
 1265 John de Botetourte 1221 - 1295 Marguerite Berenger of Provence 74 74 1174 - 1213 Pedro of Aragon 39 39 Pedro II (of Aragón) (1174-1213), king of Aragón (1196-1213), son of Alfonso II and Sancha of Castile. In 1204 Pedro had himself crowned by Pope Innocent III in order to secure papal protection against his own nobles and the Albigensians, the followers of a heretical Christian sect of the Middle Ages (see Albigenses). Pedro went so far as to offer his kingdom as a papal fief in 1204. In return he received the title el Católico (the Catholic). Pedro took part in the battle against the Muslim Almohads at Navas de Tolosa in 1212. He was killed in the battle of Muret the following year during an attack on Anglo-Norman soldier Simon IV de Montfort.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1165 - 1223 Philip Augustus Capet of France 57 57 Philippe II, Auguste also called Philip Augustus (August 21,1165-July 14,1223) was King of France from 1180 to 1223.

A member of the Capetian dynasty, Philippe II was born August 21, 1165 at Gonesse, Val-d'Oise, France, the son of Louis VII of France and his third wife, Adèle de Champagne.

In declining health, his father had him crowned at Reims in 1179.

He was married on April 28, 1180 to Isabelle of Hainaut (April 1170 - March 15, 1190) and they had one son:
Louis VIII (September 5, 1187 - November 8, 1226)

A few years after Isabelle's passing, on August 15, 1193 he married Ingeborg of Denmark (1175-1236). The marriage produced no children and ended in divorce.

King Philippe II married for a third time on May 7, 1196 to Princess Agnès of Méranie (c.1180 - July 29, 1201. Their children were:
1) Philippe Hurepel (1200 - 1234)
2) Marie (1198 - October 15, 1224)

As king, he would become one of the most successful in consolidating France into one royal domain. He seized the territories of Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Brittany, and all of Normandy from King John of England. His decisive victory at the Battle of Bouvines over King John and a coalition of forces that included Otto IV of Germany ended the immediate threat of challenges to this expansion (1214) and left Philippe as the most powerful monarch in all of Europe.

He reorganized the government, bringing to the country a financial stability which permitted a sharp increase in prosperity. His reign was popular with ordinary people when he checked the power the nobles and passed some of it on to the growing middle class his reign had created.

He went on the Third Crusade with Richard the Lionhearted and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa (1189-1192).

King Philippe would play a significant role in one of the greatest centuries of innovation in construction and in education. With Paris as his capital, he had the main thoroughfares paved, built a central market, Les Halles, continued the construction begun in 1163 of the Gothic Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral, constructed the Louvre as a fortress and gave a charter to the University of Paris (the Sorbonne) in 1200. Under his guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world had known.

King Philippe II Auguste died July 14, 1223 at Mantes and was interred in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son by Isabelle of Hainaut, Louis VIII.


Philip II (of France) (1165-1223), king of France (1180-1223), one of the most powerful European monarchs of the Middle Ages. His full name was Philip Augustus.

The son of King Louis VII, Philip was born on August 21, 1165, in Gonesse, near Paris. He became coregent with his father in 1179. From 1181 to 1186 Philip combated a coalition of barons in Flanders, Burgundy, and Champagne and at their expense increased the royal domain. Philip allied himself with Richard, duke of Aquitaine, who in 1189 became Richard I of England, and in 1190 the two kings embarked on the Third Crusade. The kings quarreled, however, and Philip returned to France in 1191. Allied with Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and Richard's brother, John, later king of England, Philip attacked Richard's territories in France. Richard returned in 1194 and went to war against Philip. By the time of Richard's death in 1199, Philip had been forced to surrender most of the territory he had annexed. Philip subsequently warred against John, who became king of England in 1199; between 1202 and 1205 Philip more than doubled his territory by annexing Normandy (Normandie), Maine, Brittany, Anjou, Touraine, and Poitou.

A coalition of European powers, including England, challenged the growing power of France in 1214. Philip's forces, however, decisively defeated the coalition at the Battle of Bouvines, establishing France as a leading country of Europe.

Philip increased the royal power not only by extending the royal domain but also by reducing the power of the feudal lords. He replaced the noble officers at court with an advisory council appointed from the middle class and supported the communes against the nobles. France prospered from his judicial, financial, and administrative reorganization of the government; serfdom declined, towns grew, and commerce flourished. Philip established Paris as the fixed capital of France, paved the streets, and had many new buildings constructed in the city.

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Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell
      Title: Marlyn Lewis, Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell (08 Oct 1997)
      Note:
      Call number:
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  1270 - 1314 Philip Capet of France 44 44 Philippe IV, the Fair (French Philippe le Bel) (1268 - November 29, 1314) was King of France from 1285 to 1314. A member of the Capetian Dynasty, he was born at the Royal Palace of Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne the son of King Philippe III and Isabelle d'Aragon. He was called Philippe the Fair because of his handsome appearance. As king, he was determined to strengthen the monarchy at any cost.

- Philippe IV -
Philippe married Jeanne of Navarre (1271-1305) on August 16, 1284.

King Philippe IV arrested Jews so he could seize their goods to accommodate his spendthrift lifestyle. When he also levied taxes on the French clergy of one half their annual income, he caused an uproar within the Roman Catholic Church and the papacy. Still, Philippe emerged victorious with a French archbishop made Pope Clement V and the official papal palace was built in Avignon in southern France.

On October 13, 1307, what may have been all the Knights Templar in France were simultaneously arrested by agents of Philippe the Fair, to be later tortured into admitting heresy in the Order. A modern historical view is that Philippe, who seized the treasury and broke up the monastic banking system, simply sought to control it for himself.

Philippe IV's rule signaled the decline of the papacy's power from its near complete authority. He died in a hunting accident and is buried in Saint Denis Basilica.

The children of Philippe IV and Jeanne of Navarre were:
Louis X - (October 4, 1289 - June 5, 1316)
Isabelle - (1292 - August 23, 1358)
Philippe V - (1293 - January 3, 1322)
Charles IV - (1294 - February 1, 1328)

All three of their sons would become king of France and their daughter, Queen of England.

He was succeeded by his son, Louis X.


Philip IV (of France), called The Fair (1268-1314), king of France (1285-1314), known for his conflict with the papacy. The son and successor of King Philip III, he was born in Fontainebleau. Through marriage he became the ruler of Navarre and Champagne. Between 1294 and 1296 he seized Guienne, in southwestern France, a possession of Edward I, king of England. In 1297 war ensued with England and with Flanders, England's ally. Under the terms of a truce made in 1299, Philip withdrew from Guienne and Edward withdrew from Flanders, leaving it to the French. A revolt broke out at Brugge (Bruges), however, and at the Battle of Courtrai in 1302, the French army was disastrously defeated by Flemish burghers.

The great event of Philip's reign was his struggle with Pope Boniface VIII, which grew out of Philip's attempt to levy taxes against the clergy. By the bull Clericis Laicos (1296) Boniface forbade the clergy to pay taxes to a secular power, and Philip replied by forbidding the export of coins, thereby depriving the pope of French revenues. A temporary reconciliation was ended by a fresh outbreak of the quarrel when Philip arrested the papal legate in 1301 and summoned the first French Estates-General. This assembly, which was composed of clergy, nobles, and burghers, gave support to Philip. Boniface retaliated with the celebrated bull Unam Sanctam (1302), a declaration of papal supremacy. Philip's partisans then imprisoned Boniface. The pope escaped but died soon afterward.

In 1305 Philip obtained the election of one of his own adherents as pope, Clement V, and compelled him to reside in France. Thus began the so-called Babylonian Captivity of the papacy (1309-77), during which the popes lived at Avignon and were subjected to French control.

In 1307 Philip arrested Grand Master Jacques de Molay of the Knights Templar, and in 1312 he forced the pope to suppress the religious and military order. Their wealth was confiscated by the king, and many members were burned at the stake. Also, as a result of his financial needs, Philip greatly increased taxes, debased the coinage several times, and arrested the Jews and the Lombards (Italian bankers), appropriating the assets of the former and demanding large subsidies from the latter. He died October 29, 1314, at Fontainebleau.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1295 Charles of France 1288 Marguerite Capet of France 1290 Blanche Capet of France 1294 Philip of France 1297 Robert Capet of France 1289 Louis of France 1245 - 1285 Phillip Capet of France 40 40 Philippe III the Bold (1245 - 1285) was King of France from 1270 to 1285 and a member of the Capetian dynasty. He was born on April 3, 1245 in Poissy, the son of Louis IX of France and Marguerite Berenger of Provence (1221-1295).

At the age of twenty-five he ascended to the throne. Indecisive, and dominated by the policies of his father, he was dictated to by others, first by Pierre de la Broce and then by his uncle Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies.

In 1285, the last year of his reign, Philippe made an unsuccessful attempt to annex the kingdom of Aragon. As a result of the battle, Philippe III died on October 5, 1285 at Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales while marching in retreat. He is interred with his wife, Isabelle d'Aragon (1247-1271) in Saint Denis Basilica.

The children of Philippe III and Isabelle d'Aragon were:
Louis - (1266 - May 1276)
Philippe IV - (1268 - November 29, 1314)
Charles de Valois - (March 12, 1270 - December 16, 1325)

After the death of Isabelle, he married on August 21, 1274, Marie de Brabant.

Their children of Philippe III and Marie de Brabant were:
Louis d'Evreux - (May 1276 - May 19, 1319) (married: Marguerite d' Artois)
Blanche - (1278 - March 19, 1305) (married: Rudolph III, duke of Austria)
Marguerite - (1282 - February 14, 1317) (married: Edward I of England)

King Philippe III was succeeded by his son, Philippe IV. 1247 - 1271 Isabelle of Aragon 24 24 1265 Louis Capet of France 1256 - 1321 Maria of Brabrant 65 65 1276 Louis Capet of France 1278 Blanche Capet of France 1214 - 1270 Louis Capet of France 56 56 King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (1215 - 1270) was King of France from 1226 to 1270. A member of the Capetian dynasty, he was born on April 25, 1215 at Poissy, France, the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. The image of Louis seen here is by the 16th-century painter El Greco His father died when Louis was eleven years old and he was crowned in 1226 in the cathedral at Reims. His mother acted as Regent until 1234 and continued as an important counselor to the king until her death in 1252.

Louis married on May 27, 1234, Marguerite de Provence (1221 - December 21, 1295).

Their children were:
Blanche - (1240 - April 29, 1243)
Isabelle - (March 2, 1241 - January 28, 1271)
Louis - (February 25, 1244 - January 1260)
Philippe III - (May 1, 1245 - October 5, 1285)
Jean - (born and died in 1248)
Jean Tristan - (1250 - August 3, 1270)
Pierre - (1251 - 1284)
Blanche - (1253 - 1323)
Marguerite - (1254 - 1271)
Robert - (1256 - February 7, 1317)
Agnè - (c. 1260 - December 19, 1327)

Louis' patronage of the arts drove much innovation in Gothic art and architecture, and the style of his court radiated throughout Europe by both the purchase of art objects from Parisian masters for export and by the marriage of the king's many daughters to foreign husbands and their subsequent introduction of Parisian models elsewhere. Louis' personal chapel, the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, was copied more than once by his descendants elsewhere.

Louis went on crusade twice, in 1248 (Seventh Crusade) and then in 1270 (Eighth Crusade).

Louis was the elder brother of Charles I of Sicily (1227-1285), whom he created count of Anjou, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty.

He died near Tunis on August 25, 1270. His finger is interred at Saint Denis Basilica but most of his body is buried in Tunisia.

Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed the canonization of Louis in 1297; he is the only French monarch ever to be made a saint.

Louis IX was succeeded by his son, Philippe III.

The city of Saint Louis, Missouri, Lac Saint-Louis in Quebec, and the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia in California are named for him. 1253 Blanche Capet of France 1242 Isabella Capet of France 1243 Louis Capet of France 1247 John Capet of France 1250 John-Tristan Capet of France 1255 Margaret Capet of France 1256 Robert Capet 1260 - 1327 Agnes Capet of France 67 67 1187 - 1226 Louis Capet of France 39 39 Louis VIII (1187 - 1226), a member of the Capetian dynasty, was King of France from 1223 to 1226. He was born September 5, 1187, in Paris, France, the son of King Philippe II Auguste and Isabelle de Hainaut.

Prince Louis was victorious in the battles against the armies of King John of England. In 1216 the English barons rebelled against the very unpopular King John and offered the throne to Louis. In May of 1216, Prince Louis of France and his army invaded England, but after a year and a half of war, Louis was forced to give up on his desire to become the King of England and signed the Treaty of Lambeth.

Louis succeeded his father on July 14, 1223 and was crowned king on August 6 of the same year in the cathedral at Reims. As king, he was still seeking redemption from the Angevins and seized Poitou and Saintonge from them in 1224. This was followed by the seizure of Avignon and Languedoc.

While returning to Paris, King Louis was stricken with dysentery, and died on November 8, 1226 in the chateau at Montpensier, Auvergne.

King Louis VIII was interred at Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son, Louis IX.

Marriage

On May 23, 1200, at the age of twelve, he was married to Blanche of Castile (March 4, 1188 - November 26, 1252).

Issue:
Philippe - (September 9, 1209 - 1218)
Louis IX - (April 25, 1214 - August 25, 1270)
Robert - (September 25, 1216 - February 9, 1250)
Jean - (July 21, 1219 - 1232)
Alphonse of Toulouse - (November 11, 1220 - August 21, 1271)
Philippe Dagobert - (February 20, 1222 - 1232)
Isabelle - (June 1225 - February 23, 1269)
Etienne - (born and died 1226)
Charles I of Sicily - (March 1227 - January 7, 1285) 1209 - 1218 Philippe of France 9 9 1219 - 1232 John of France 13 13 1220 - 1271 Alphonse of Toulouse 50 50 1222 - 1232 Philippe Dagobert 10 10 1225 - 1269 Isabelle of France 43 43 1170 - 1190 Isabella of Hainault 20 20 1179 - 1217 Sybil of Hainault 38 38 1176 - 1216 Henry of Flanders 40 40 Latin Emperor 1175 - 1212 Philip 37 37 D. 1219 Eustace Regent of the Kingdom of Thessalonica 1208 - 1276 Jaime of Aragon 68 68 James I (of Aragón), called The Conqueror (1208-1276), king of Aragón (1213-76), son of King Pedro II, born in Montpellier, France. He succeeded his father as king of Aragón in 1213. Sixteen years later James began his conquest of the Balearic Islands, gaining full control in 1235. After a 3-year campaign he then captured the Moorish city and kingdom of Valencia. He promulgated a new legal code in 1247 and brought an end to the conflicting territorial claims of Aragón and France by concluding the Treaty of Corbeil with Louis IX of France in 1258. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to drive the Moors from the Spanish peninsula. Before his death he divided his kingdom between his two sons, a division that ultimately led to conflict.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1219 - 1251 Yolande Arpad of Hungary 32 32 1240 Pedro of Aragon 1236 Violante Yolanda of Aragon 1178 - 1213 Maria de Montpelier 35 35 1158 Guillaum de Montpelier 1176 - 1235 Andrew Arpad of Hungary 59 59 Andrew II (1175-1235) (Hungarian:II. András,Slovak:Ondrej II) was a son of Bela III of Hungary and succeeded his nephew, the infant Ladislaus III, in 1205.

No other king of Hungary, perhaps, was so mischievous to his country. Valiant, enterprising, pious as he was, all these fine qualities were ruined by a reckless good nature which never thought of the morrow. He declares in one of his decrees that the generosity of a king should be limitless, and he acted up to this principle throughout his reign. He gave away everything, money, villages, domains, whole counties, to the utter impoverishment of the treasury, thereby rendering the crown, for the first time in Hungarian history, dependent upon the great feudatories, who, in Hungary as elsewhere, took all they could get and gave as little as possible in return. In all matters of government, Andrew was equally reckless and haphazard. He is directly responsible for the beginnings of the feudal anarchy which well-nigh led to the extinction of the monarchy at the end of the 13th century. The great feudatories did not even respect the lives of the royal family, for Andrew was recalled from a futile attempt to reconquer Galicia (which really lay beyond the Hungarian sphere of influence), through the murder of his first wife Gertrude of Meran (September 24, 1213), by rebellious nobles jealous of the influence of her relatives.

In 1215 he married Iolanthe (Yolande) of France, but in 1217 was compelled by the pope to lead the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land, which he undertook in hopes of being elected Latin emperor of Constantinople. The crusade excited no enthusiasm in Hungary, but Andrew contrived to collect 15,000 men together, whom he led to Venice; whence, not without much haggling and the surrender of all the Hungarian claims upon Zara, about two-thirds of them were conveyed to Acre. Nevertheless the whole expedition was a forlorn hope. The Christian kingdom of Palestine was by this time reduced to a strip of coast about 440 sq. m. in extent, and after a drawn battle with the Turks on the Jordan (November 10), and fruitless assaults on the fortresses of the Lebanon and on Mount Tabor, Andrew started home (January 18, 1218) through Antioch, Iconium, Constantinople and Bulgaria. On his return he found the feudal barons in the ascendant, and they extorted from him the Golden Bull.

Andrew's last exploit was to defeat an invasion of Frederick of Austria in 1234. The same year he married his third wife, Beatrice of Este. Besides his three sons, Bela, Coloman and Andrew. Andrew had a daughter Iolanthe (Yolande), who married the king of Aragon. He was also the father of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.

No special monograph for the whole reign exists, but there is a good description of Andrew's crusade in Reinhold Roehricht, Geschichte des Konigreiches Jerusalem (Innsbruck, 1898). The best account of Andrew's government is in Laszlo Szalav's History of Hungary (Hung.), vol. i. (Leipzig and Pest, 1851-1862). (R. N. B.)
 1198 - 1232 Iolande de Courtenay 34 34 1212 Baudoin de Courtenay Robert de Courtenay 1135 - 1195 Marguerite of Upper Lorraine 60 60 1150 - 1196 Baldwin of Hainault 46 46 Baldwin V of Hainaut (1150-December 17 1195) was count of Hainaut (1120?-1195), count of Flanders as Baldwin VIII (1191-1195) and margrave of Namur as Baldwin I (1189-1195). Namur was acquired by his Alice of Namur, heiress of county and Flanders via his marriage to Countess Margaret I of Flanders in 1169. With Margaret, Baldwin had the following issue:
Isabelle of Hainaut (1170-1190), married king Philip II of France
Baldwin VI of Hainaut (1171-1205), also count of Flanders and Latin Emperor
Yolanda of Flanders (1175-1219), married Peter of Courtenay, Latin Emperor
Philip I, Marquis of Namur (1175-1212)
Henry of Flanders (1176-k.1216), Latin Emperor
Sybille (1179-1217)
Eustace (d.1219), regent of the Kingdom of Thessalonica 1175 - 1219 Yolanda of Flanders 44 44 Yolanda of Flanders ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219.

She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constaninople. After the death of the latter in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected. Peter sent Yolanda to Constantinople while he fought the Despotate of Epirus, during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda ruled as regent. She allied with the Bulgarians against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea, who married her daughter. However, she soon died, in 1219.

She was succeeded by her second son Robert of Courtenay because her first son did not want the throne. As Robert was still in France at the time, there was technically no emperor until he arrived in 1221.

Yolanda also held Namur, which she inherited from her uncle Philip of Namur in 1212 and left to her eldest son Philip when she went to Constantinople in 1216.

By Peter of Courtenay she had 10 children:
Philip (d. 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire
Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor
Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur
Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273)
Margaret, Marquioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden
Elizabeth, who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu
Yolanda, who married Andrew II of Hungary
Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort
Marie, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea
Agnes, who married Geoffrey II de Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea
 1155 - 1219 Pierre de Courtenay 64 64 Peter of Courtenay (d. 1219) was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople) from 1216-1217.

He was a son of Peter of Courtenay (d. 1183), a younger son of Louis VI of France. His mother was Elizabeth of Courtenay.

Peter first married Agnes of Nevers, via whom he obtained the 3 counties of

Nevers, Auxerre, and Tonerre. He took for his second wife, Yolanda (d. 1219), a sister of Baldwin and Henry of Flanders, who were afterwards the first and second emperors of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Peter accompanied his cousin, King Philip Augustus, on the crusade of 1190, fought against the Albigenses, and was present at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214.

When his brother-in-law, the emperor Henry, died without sons in 1216, Peter was chosen as his successor, and with a small army set out from France to take possession of his throne. Consecrated emperor at Rome, in a church outside the walls, by Pope Honorius III on April 9, 1217, he borrowed some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer Durazzo for them; but he failed in this enterprise, and sought to make his way to Constantinople by land. On the journey he was seized by the despot of Epirus, Theodore Angelus, and, after an imprisonment of two years, died, probably by foul means. Peter thus never governed his empire, which, however, was ruled for a time by his wife, Yolanda, who had succeeded in reaching Constantinople. Two of his sons, Robert and Baldwin, in turn held the throne of the Latin Empire.

By his first wife Agnes of Nevers he had one child, Maud (d. 1254), countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonerre. For his children by his second wife Yolanda, see her article.

 1208 Eleanor de Courtenay Agnes of Nevers D. 1254 Maud 1272 - 1305 Jeanne of Narvarre 33 33 1244 - 1296 Edmund Plantagenet 52 52 1st Earl of Lancaster
Count of Champagne and Brie
Earl of Chester
Stewardship of England
He was the second surviving son of Eleanor of Provence and King Henry III of England.
Crouchback was born in London, England. In 1253 he was invested by Pope Innocent IV in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia. At about this time he was also made Earl of Chester. These were of little value as Conrad IV of Germany, the real King of Sicily, was still living and the Earldom of Chester was transferred to his elder brother Edward. Edmund soon obtained, however, important possessions and dignities, for soon after the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester in 1265, Edmund received the Earldom of Leicester and of Lancaster and also the honour of the Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.
He was married twice, first to Aveline de Forz, Countess of Albemarle, in 1269, and then in Paris, France on February 3, 1276, to Blanche of Artois. That same year he became the Count of Champagne and Brie in France. With Blanche he had four children
He died on June 5, 1296 in Bayonne, and was interred on July 15, 1296 at Westminster Abbey, London, England.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Edmund Plantagenet, called Crouchback, 2nd son of Henry III, Earl of Lancaster, was born at London Feb., 1245, and when he had attained his 8th year was solemnly invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia. About this time, too, 1253, he was made Earl of Chester, but neither of these honors turned out eventually of much value, for the real King of Sicily, Conrad, was then living, and the Earldom of Chester was transferred to the Prince's elder brother Edward, afterwards Edward I.
He soon obtained other possessions and dignities, for upon the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, the King, by charter, 1274, granted him the Earldom of Leicester, as also the honour and Stewardship of England, with the lands likewise of Nicholas de Seagrave, an associate in the treason of de Montfort. The next year he had another grant from the crown of all the goods and chattels whereof Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, was possessed upon the day of the skirmish at Chesterfield. About 1270 the Earl went into the Holy Land and returned within two years. In the reign of his brother, Edward I, he was in the Scottish wars and had grants which he had received from their father confirmed, with additional castles, manors and lands of great extent. In the 21st of Edward I (1272-1306) he procured license from the crown to make a castle of his house, the parish of St. Clement's Danes in County Middlesex, and he also founded the nunnery, called Minoress, without Aldgate, in the suburbs of London.
He was afterwards in the Welsh wars and then proceeded to France, being sent with the Earl of Lincoln into Gascony. He eventually invested Bordeaux, but not succeeding in its reduction, he was so affected by the disappointment that it brought on a disease that terminated his life in the year 1295. The prince's remains were brought over to England and honourably interred in Westminster Abbey. Upon his deathbed he directed "that his body should not be buried until his debt were paid." He married 1st Avelina, daughter of William de Fortibus, who died sine prole; 2nd Blanche, daughter of Robert of Artois, 3rd son of Louis VIII, King of France. By his 2nd wife he had Thomas Plantagenet, who died sine prole, and he in turn was succeeded by his brother, Henry.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 388)
 1216 - 1248 Robert Capet of France 31 31 1310 - 1369 Phillipa of Hainault 59 59 Philippa of Hainault (24 June 1311 - August 14, 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England.

Philippa was born in Flanders, the daughter of William VI of Hainault and second cousin of Edward III. She married Edward on January 24, 1328, at York Minster. They had thirteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses.

The French writer Jean Froissart came with Philippa to England as her secretary, and his observations on life at court are a valuable source of information about this period. Philippa is remembered by history as a tender-hearted woman, who interceded with her husband and persuaded him to spare the lives of the six burghers of Calais, whom he had planned to execute as an example to the townspeople. She died of dropsy at Windsor, and was buried at Westminster.


Philippa of Hainault (~1314 - August 15, 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England.

Philippa was born in Flanders (modern Belgium) and was the daughter of William III, Count of Hainaut and Jeanne de Valois, the granddaughter of Philip III of France. She married Edward at York Minster, on October, 1327, nine months after his accession to the English throne and, unlike many of her predecessors, she did not alienate the English people by retaining her foreign retinue upon her marriage or bringing large amounts of foreigners to the English court.

Philippa accompanied Edward on his expeditions to Scotland (1333) and Flanders (1338-40), where she won acclaim for her gentleness and compassion. She is also remembered by history as the tender-hearted woman, who interceded with her husband and persuaded him to spare the lives of the Burghers of Calais whom he had planned to execute as an example to the townspeople.

Philippa and Edward had thirteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. Their sons are listed below:
Edward the Black Prince
Lionel of Antwerp
John of Gaunt
Edmund of Langley
Thomas of Woodstock

They also had several daughters.

Philippa died of dropsy in Windsor Castle, and was buried at Westminster Abbey.
 1171 - 1205 Baldwin of Hainault 33 33 1226 - 1285 Charles of Sicily 58 58 1332 - 1363 Elizabeth de Burgh 31 31 1235 Robert Aguillon 1165 - 1244 William de Aguillon 79 79 1379 - 1440 Joan de Beaufort 61 61 Joan Beaufort, d. Howden 13 Nov 1440, widow of Robert Ferrers, daughter of John, Duke of Lancaster and Katharine (Roet) Swynford. [Magna Charta Sureties]

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 2-32

Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 45-7, 47-7, 8-9

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 3
Text: 1396 1266 - 1305 Isabel de Valence 39 39 # Note:

    He [John de Hastinges] married, 1stly, at Braxted, Essex, or Blunham, Beds, Isabel, daughter of William DE VALENCE, sometimes styled EARL OF PEMBROKE, by Joan, daughter of Sir Warin DE MUNCHANESY, of Swanscombe, Kent, Winfarthing and Gooderstone, Norfolk, &c. She died 5 October 1305, and was buried in Coventry Priory. [Complete Peerage VI:346-9, XIV:372

# Note:

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 93a-29

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: VI:347-8 1292 - 1358 Isabella Capet of France 66 66 1247 - 1271 Isabelle of Aragon 24 24 1348 - 1387 Philippa Roet 39 39 unhappy marriage, died 1387, age 39 yrs. Chaucer died 1400, age 60 yrs,
bur Westminster Abbey (his burial founded Poets' Corner). 1040 Isabel de Montlhery 1355 - 1397 Thomas Plantagenet England 42 42 Thomas Plantagenet, KG, of Woodstock, born 7 Jan 1354/5, died Calais, 8 or 9 Sep 1397, Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England and Phillipa of Hainault. [Magna Charta Sureties]

    Along with 4 other ruthless Barons, John of Gaunt (regent during King Richard II's minority), Richard FitzAlan Earl of Arundel, Thomas de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, and Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, became known as the "Apellants". They had real power during much of King Richard II's reign and had many of his friends executed to keep him powerless.

    In 1397 Richard had gathered a party of supporters and finally struck back. Arundel was executed, Warwick was banished, and Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester was imprisoned and murdered. In 1398 Henry Bolingbroke, son of John of Gaunt (dead) was deprived of all of his Lancastrian estates and banished as well. However in 1399 Henry invaded England while Richard was in Ireland and became Henry IV.

[information taken from Encylcopedia Britannica]

Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, (b. Jan. 7, 1355, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, Eng.--d. probably September 1397), powerful opponent of King Richard II of England (ruled 1377-99).

    The seventh son of King Edward III (ruled 1327-77), he was created Duke of Gloucester in 1385 and soon became the leader of a party opposed to Richard II, his young nephew. In 1386 Gloucester and his associates--later known as the appellants--took virtual control of the king's government. Gloucester defeated one of Richard's favourites, Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, at Radcot Bridge, London, in December 1387 and then had a number of the king's friends executed. In 1389 Richard gained the upper hand and worked out a compromise with his enemies. Gloucester was made lieutenant of Ireland in 1392, but in 1397 Richard arrested him and two other leading appellants. Committed to the charge of Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham (later Duke of Norfolk), at the English port of Calais, France, Gloucester was murdered, possibly on orders from Richard. According to one of Mowbray's servants, who was later executed for his part in the crime, the duke was suffocated with a feather bed. [Encyclopædia Britannica CD '97]

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 4-31

Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 18-8
# Change Date: 5 FEB 2003

Father: *Edward III England b: 13 NOV 1312 in Windsor Castle,Eng
Mother: *Philippa d' Avesnes b: 24 JUN 1311 in Valenciennes

Marriage 1 *Alianore de Bohun b: 1366 in Peterborough Castle, Northamptonshire, England 1340 - 1403 Katherine De Roet 62 62 1355 - 1415 Philippa of Clarence 59 59 1270 - 1325 Charles of Valois 55 55 Eudoxia Comnenus 1224 - 1255 Alice de Lusignan 31 31 Orengarde 1106 - 1169 Hugh de Lusignan 63 63 Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 123-28

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 207 1240 - 1283 Ralph Botiller 43 43 1245 - 1308 Angharad Griffith 63 63 1202 - 1234 Joan Marshall 32 32 1192 - 1255 Warin de Munchensy 63 63 1172 - 1225 Aveline de Clare 53 53 William de Munchensy 1309 Agnes de Bohun 1309 - 1350 Robert Ferrers 41 41 1340 - 1380 Robert de Ferrers 40 40 1272 - 1307 Joan (of Acre) England 35 35     Joan of Acre, b. 1272, d. 23 Apr 1307, daughter of Edward I, King of England, by Eleanor of Castile; widow of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford; m. (2) 1297 Sir Ralph de Monthermer, styled Earl of Gloucester and Hertford during the life of his wife, created Lord Monthermer 1308, d. 5 Apr 1325. [Magna Charta Sureties]

------------------------------------

    Joan (of Acre), Countess of Gloucester and Hertford, b. at Acre in Palestine probably in 1272, was 2nd daughter of Edward I, by Eleanor of Castile. She was first betrothed to Herman, son of the King of Germany, who died in 1282, before the marriage could take place. She m. 1stly, at the beginning of May 1290, in Westminster Abbey, by dispensation granted 16 Nov 1289, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, abovenamed, who d. 7 Dec 1295. She m. 2ndly, clandestinely, to her father's great displeasure, presumably early in 1297, Ralph de Mothermer, a member of the late Earl's household. On 29 Jan 1296/7 the escheator was ordered to take into this hand all the lands, goods, and chattels of Joan, Countess of Gloucester, from which it might be inferred that the King, suspecting her intentions with regard to Monthermer, sought to coerce her to abandon the marriage by degradation and loss of estates. On 16 Mar, the King gave his assent to her marriage with Amadeus of Savoy, and therefore must have been ignorant of her marriage, if it had already taken place, and on 12 May it was ordered that Joan should have reasonable allowance for herself and children. It would seem that by 3 July the King had discovered Joan's marriage with Monthermer, for he took her lands into his own had, but by 31 July, when he certainly knew of her marriage, he appears to have been partly mollified, for her lands were restored (except Tonbridge); in ordering her to provide 100 men to serve in France, however, the special proviso was made that they might be commanded by anyone except Ralph de Monthermer, her husband. She was pardoned two days later, 2 Aug 1297. She d. 23, and was buried 26 Apr 1307, int he Austin Friar's church at Clare in Suffolk, aged 35. [Complete Peerage V:708-10]

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    Gilbert de Clare was not young when he married the fiery-spirited, sloe-eyed Joanna and took her to live at his country retreat in Clerkenwell not far from the Tower, where the king and queen were again in residence. She left for her new home with great fanfare, laden with royal gifts. After being a widow a year, she secretly married a completely unknown squire in her husbands retinue, Ralph de Monthermer. Through this marriage he became possessed in his own right of the earldoms of Gloucester & Hertford. The fact that a royal princess had dared to marry this obscure fellow became a cause celebré which for a time separated her from the affection of her father. It proved to be a marriage, however, leading ultimately to a firm friendship between the new son-in-law and Edward.

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 3101

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: V:708-10

Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 17B-15, 28-4 ,34-4, 40-4, 13-6

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 11-30 Text: 1290,32-29

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I4636 1393 - 1434 Elizabeth Ferrers 41 41 1340 - 1411 Elizabeth Botiler 71 71 1318 - 1369 William le Botiller 51 51 1316 Elizabeth de Argenteon 1302 Margaret Fitzalan 1296 - 1361 William le Botiller 65 65 1274 - 1335 William le Botiller 61 61 1275 - 1343 Ela Herdeburg 68 68 1316 Ankara Boteler Denise Boteler 1303 Alice le Boteler 1270 Ida de Odingsells 1258 - 1308 Roger de Herdeburgh 50 50 1232 Hugh de Herdeburgh 1237 Isabel 1201 Roger de Herdeburgh 1210 Isabel de Craft 1166 Hugh de Herdeburgh 1140 Roger de Herdeburgh 1182 Roger de Craft 1186 Cecily de Turville 1156 Roger de Craft 1161 Beatrice 1148 - 1222 William de Turville 74 74 1163 Isabel Eleanor Plantagenet 1301 Edmund Plantagenet 1264 Katherine Plantagenet 1265 Joan Plantagenet 1279 Mary Plantagenet 1275 - 1317 Margaret of France 42 42 She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant. She was also the second Queen consort of King Edward I of England.

Three years after the death of his beloved first wife, Eleanor of Castile, at the age of 48 in 1290, Edward I was still grieving. But news got to him of the beauty of Blanche, sister to King Philip IV of France. Edward decided that he would marry Blanche at any cost and sent out emissaries to negotiate the marriage with Philip. Philip agreed to give Blanche to Edward on the following conditions: a truce was concluded between the two countries and
Edward gave up the province of Gascony.
Edward, surprisingly, agreed and sent his brother Edmund Crouchback, Duke of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride. Edward had been deceived, for Blanche was to be married to Rudolph I of Bohemia and eldest son of Albert I of Germany. Instead Philip offered his younger sister Marguerite, a young girl of 11, to marry Edward (then 55). Upon hearing this, Edward declared war on France, refusing to marry Marguerite. After five years, a truce was agreed, under the terms of which Edward would marry Marguerite and would regain the key city of Guienne, and receive the £15,000 owed to Marguerite from her father, King Philip III the Bold.
Edward was now 60 years old. The wedding took place at Canterbury on September 8, 1299. Edward soon returned to the Scottish border to continue his campaigns and left Marguerite in London. After several months, bored and lonely, the young queen decided to join her husband. Nothing could have pleased the king more, for Marguerite's actions reminded him of his first wife Eleanor, who had had two of her sixteen children abroad.

Marguerite soon became firm friends with her stepdaughter Mary, a nun, who was two years older than the young queen. In less than a year Marguerite gave birth to a son, and then another a year later. It is said that many who fell under the king's wrath were saved from too stern a punishment by the queen's influence over her husband, and the statement, Pardoned solely on the intercession of our dearest consort, queen Marguerite of England, appears.
In all, Marguerite gave birth to three children: Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk; Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent; and a daughter, named Eleanor in honor of Edward's first queen, who perished in infancy.
The mismatched couple were blissfully happy. When Blanche died in 1306 (her husband never became Emperor), Edward ordered all the court to go into mourning to please his queen. He had realised the wife he had gained was "a pearl of great price". The same year Marguerite gave birth to a girl, Eleanor, a choice of name which surprised many, and showed Marguerite's un-jealous nature. After Edward died, as a widow at twenty six, she never remarried saying "when Edward died, all men died for me", but she used her immense dowry to relieve people's suffering.
(Wikipedia)
 1230 - 1261 Henry of Germany 31 31 He was Duke of Brabant between 1248 and his death. He was the son of Henry II of Brabant and Marie von Hohenstaufen.
The disputed territory of Lothier, the former duchy of Lower Lorraine, was assigned to him by the German King Alfonso X of Castile. Alfonso also appointed him Imperial Vicar to advance his claims on the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1251, he married Adelaide of Burgundy (c. 1233 – October 23, 1273), daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, by whom he had four children.
He also had one illegitimate son.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
 1233 - 1273 Alice of Burgundy 40 40 1251 Henry of Brabant 1252 John of Brabant 1253 Godfrey of Brabant 1213 - 1271 Hugh of Burgundy 58 58 He was duke of Burgundy between 1218 and 1271. Hugh was the only son of duke Eudes III and Alice (or Alix) of Vergy. He was married twice, first to Yolande of Dreux, then to Beatrice of Champagne, princess of Navarre.
In 1239, Hugh joined the Crusade organized by Emperor Frederick II and king Theobald I of Navarre. The Burgundian troops allied with Richard of Cornwall, who took Ascalon and negotiated a peace with Egypt in 1241. Hugh also claimed the Kingdom of Thessalonica, although it had been recaptured by the Byzantines some years before.
Under the rule of Hugh IV, the duchy of Burgundy expanded to include the counties of Chalon and Auxonne.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
 1212 - 1248 Yolande of Dreux 36 36 1229 Margaret of Burgundy 1230 Eudes of Burgundy 1231 John of Burgundy 1248 - 1305 Robert of Burgundy 57 57 1166 - 1218 Eudes of Burgundy 52 52 Eudes was the eldest son of duke Hugh III and Beatrice d'Albon. He was married twice, first to Teresa, princess of Portugal, daughter of king Afonso I of Portugal, then to Alice of Vergy. Eudes did not follow his father's aggressive policies towards France and proved a worthy ally of king Philip II of France on his wars against John Lackland and the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV of Germany. He fought bravely against the latest in the battle of Bouvines, where he lost, according to contemporary chroniclers, two horses beneath him. Eudes was also an important figure in the Crusade against the Cathars. When Philip II refused to get involved, the Duke of Burgundy stepped forward with the support of the local bishops and his vassals and organized the campaign of 1209 against the Cathar strongholds.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
 1182 - 1252 Alice of Vergy 70 70 1185 - 1234 Robert de Dreux 49 49 Robert III of Dreux (1185–1234), Count of Dreux and Braine, was the son of Robert III, Count of Dreux, and Yolanda de Coucy. He was given the byname Gasteblé (lit. wheat-spoiler) when he destroyed a field of wheat while hunting in his youth.

Along with his brother Peter, Duke of Brittany he fought with future Louis VIII of France in 1212 at Nantes and was captured there during a sortie. Exchanged after the Battle of Bouvines for William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, he fought in the Albigensian Crusade, besieging Avignon in 1226. He was a supporter of Blanche of Castile during her regency after the death of Louis VIII in 1226.

In 1210 he married Aénor of Saint-Valéry (1192–1250) and they had several children, including Yolande (1212–1248), who married Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, John I (1215–1249), later Count of Dreux, Robert (1217–1264), Viscount of Châteaudun, and Peter (1220–1250), a cleric.
(Wikipedia)
 1192 - 1250 Aenor of Saint Valery 58 58 1215 John of Dreux 1217 Robert of Dreux 1220 Peter of Dreux 1147 Egeline de Courtenay 1096 Josceline de Courtenay 1098 Guillaume de Courtenay 1117 Maud de Courtenay 1115 Guy de Donjon 1118 Matilda de Donjon 1334 Alice le Boteler 1212 - 1252 Jeanne Capet 40 40 1275 - 1318 John de Argenteyn 43 43 1280 Joan Bryan D. 1308 Roger Bryan D. 1307 Reginald de Argentin 1268 - 1292 Lora Vere 24 24 1210 - 1290 Giles de Argentin 80 80 1224 - 1308 Margaret d'Auguillon 84 84 1190 Cassandra de Insula ~1175 - 1246 Richard de Argentin 71 71 Reginald's successor was his son and heir Richard. His public career was distinguished and extremely long; so long, in fact, that we might suspect there were two Richards in succession. But on closer examination this is clearly not the case.

Richard began by marrying a Bedfordshire heiress, Emma, apparently the daughter of Robert de Broy of Bletsoe. We know that they were married by 1200, when the couple were involved in a dispute over a mill at Sharnbrook which Robert had given Emma as a marriage gift. By 1203, Emma seems to have died, leaving Richard with an infant daughter Margaret, who became the object of a dispute between her father and grandfather. Robert kept possession of Margaret, arguing that she was his only heir, that she had been born in his chamber, and that he had raised her. The following year, Robert failed to produce the child as he had been ordered to, claiming that she was too weak. However, the dispute was eventually settled by agreement, Robert promising to restore the child to her father, and Richard agreeing not to marry her without consulting Robert (Curia Regis Rolls). When she did marry, Margaret carried her grandfather's estate at Bletsoe into the Patteshull family, by her marriage to Walter de Patteshull.

Richard's second wife, Cassandra, the daughter of Robert de Insula (or de Lisle), does not appear to have been an heiress. However, at their marriage her father made a generous settlement, consisting of the land in Newmarket and Exning, to be held from the de Insula family. The marriage seems to have taken place in 1203 or 1204 - in the former year land at Exning appears under the name of Robert de Insula, and in the latter, under that of Richard 'de Argentoem'. Cassandra was clearly the mother of Richard's heir Giles, who at his death in 1282, held Ixninge and Newmarket in free socage of Robert de Insula.

Richard apparently married a third time, before 1228, to Joan, the widow of Roger de Lenham, and Richard was made guardian of Roger's son and heir, John. The couple were involved in several legal disputes concerning Joan's dower estates in Norfolk, Suffolk and Buckinghamshire between 1228 and 1231. By 1241, Richard's son Giles was jointly guardian of Nicholas de Lenham, Roger's heir (John having presumably died). Some of Joan's dower property was in Redenhall, in Norfolk, and curiously, Giles in 1280 held land in Redenhall and Thirning. It looks as if either Richard or Giles may have profited by their guardianship of the Lenham estates, to gain possession of part of the property (Curia Regis Rolls).

Richard was notable among the Argenteins as a founder of a priory and a hospital, and the builder of a chapel at Melbourn, and as a Crusader who seems to have twice fought against the Muslims.

Between 1216 and 1218, he founded the priory of Little Wymondley, and endowed it with property in the Wymondleys and elsewhere, including the church of Little Wymondley.


He also founded the Hospital of St John and St James, on the south side of Baldock Street in Royston.


In 1227, he was given permission to build a chapel in his manor at Melbourn and to keep a chaplain there; the chapel was finished by 1229 (Palmer, pp.27,72, citing MS M, Bishop's muniment room at Ely).


Richard joined the Crusade of 1218, which in November 1219 succeeded in capturing the port of Damietta, in Egypt. A letter written by Richard to his kinsman, the abbot of Bury St Edmunds the following year gives us a striking glimpse of medieval religious attitudes. It seems that after its capture, the Crusaders were quick to convert the town's mosques into churches. Richard founded a handsomely adorned church, dedicated to St Edmund, whom he calls his patron saint ('advocatus meus'), and established there three chaplains, with clerks. He had a painted statue of the saint erected there, which attracted the hostile attention of a Flemish servant who visited the church. But as he left the church after hurling abuse at the martyred saint, a beam of wood miraculously fell on his head and hurt him badly, as Richard triumphantly relates to the abbot.

By 1224 Richard was back in England, being made in January sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, and also of Hertfordshire and Essex (Calendar of Patent Rolls). At the same time he was made constable of Hertford Castle, an office he held until August 1228 (Calendar of Patent Rolls). He was in military action again at the siege of Bedford Castle in the Summer of 1224, in support of Henry III against the rebellious Falkes de Breaute (Ralph of Coggeshall). The siege lasted for eight weeks, and those outside the castle suffered heavy casualties. Richard himself was severely wounded 'in the stomach below the navel', despite being in armour.

After this, Richard seems (deservedly!) to have continued in royal favour. In February 1225 he was among the witnesses of Henry III's Great Charter (Burton Annals). He witnessed another royal charter at Windsor in June 1226. Then, between January and November 1227, he witnessed a string of charters as one of the two royal stewards.

In April 1230 there is a note that the king has taken Richard's lands under his protection because he has gone overseas in the king's service, accompanied by Giles de Wachesham, whose family were tenants of the Argenteins in Huntingdonshire. In September of the same year, (Richard's son) Giles de Argentein was alsoo verseas in the king's service (Close Roll). The Argenteins' journeys were presumably connected with the military expedition which Henry undertook that Summer, in an attempt to regain Normandy from France.

In 1331, two of Richard's sons (one of them his heir, Giles) were captured by the Welsh in an expedition against Prince Llewellyn, but Richard himself is not mentioned in the accounts of the action.

There is little indication of any further official duties in the next few years. Indeed, Richard suffered in the factional struggles in Henry's court in the early 1230s. It seems that he was one of a number of courtiers who lost favour after the fall of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, who was supplanted in July 1232 by his rival, Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester (Carpenter, Maddicott). In December 1232, Peter des Rivaux, the bishop's nephew, was ordered to hand over the Hertfordshire manors of Lilley and Willian to Pain de Chaworth - the king had previously given these manors, near Great Wymondley, to Richard de Argentein after they had been forfeited by Pain (Close Roll).

Although he never recovered Lilley and Willian, it was not long before Richard had his revenge. Peter des Roches in his turn fell from favour in May 1234. In the following month king demanded the return of a number of castles held by his nephew, Peter des Rivaux, and Richard de Argentein was chosen as the messenger to convey the king's letters to him. Peter refused to reply, and judgment was passed against him by 25 magnates, including Richard de Argentein. The constable of Pevensey Castle, one of those held by Peter, was ordered to deliver it to the Earl of Hereford and to Richard de Argentein, and on the 5 July they were thanked and permitted to return home (Curia Regis Roll).

Later in July Richard was present when Peter des Rivaux was summoned to Westminster to explain his conduct. Over the next few months, Richard, restored to royal favour, seems to have travelled with the king, attesting a number of royal charters. His final appearance is at a Council which took place in October (Curia Regis Roll).

Little more is heard of Richard in the next ten years. The dispute with Pain de Chaworth over Lilley and Willian continues to be mentioned between 1234 and 1236 (Giles being made Richard's attorney in April 1235) (Curia Regis Rolls), and in May 1235 certain Jews to whom Richard owed money were ordered to appear at Westminster and give evidence about the debts (Close Roll). Beyond this, we have only the formal records of Richard's land holdings in the feudal returns of 1235-6 and 1242-3 (Book of Fees).

Some of Richard's estates seem to have been settled on his son Giles at about this time. Giles appears to have held the estate at Melbourn in both returns (VCH Cambridgeshire). He also appears, as the king's attorney, in a renewed attempt to recover the manors of Lilley and Willian in 1241 (Curia Regis Rolls). In the same year, Giles is mentioned, together with the master of the Hospital of St Thomas of Acon of London, as having custody of (his step-brother) Nicholas, son and heir of Roger de Lenham.

It seems that Richard had again gone on Crusade, probably with one of the English parties which departed in the Summer of 1240. According to the Dunstable Chronicle, when the Turks entered Jerusalem (in July 1244), only Richard de Argentein with 20 knights in the Tower of David (the citadel) held out. Eventually (in late August) the defenders were allowed to leave the cityunder a flag of truce.

Richard must have returned to England after the fall of Jerusalem, as in 1246 Matthew Paris records his death amongthose of 'certain nobles in England', describing him as a 'an energetic knight who in the Holy Land had fought faithfully for God for a long time'.
1

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Sources:
Title: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Abbrev: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Publication: Feb 15, 2002
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber 1144 - ~1203 Reginald de Argentin 59 59 Reginald's father and grandfather were essentially local landowners with only a handful of manors in the eastern counties, and they seem to have played no role beyond their locality. But with Reginald the family began to achieve a wider prominence, which was to be reinforced by his son and grandson.

Reginald was active in local affairs, and acted as sheriff in the eastern counties through most of the 1190s. He served in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in 1193, 1194 and 1195, and in Essex and Hertfordshire in 1197 (for half a year) (PipeRolls).

More significantly, he was appointed a justice, and sat both at Westminster and in the provinces. Numerous records survive of fines made before him: the earliest I have found was at Norwichin September, 1191. The records continue until 1202 (apparently the year before his death), when sufficient information survives to trace his movements in detail. On 16 June he was sitting at Westminster, and later in the same month at Cambridge. In July he was at Norwich, King's Lynn and Ipswich, where he remained until early August. In September he was at Hertford and Chemsford, and in October and November he was again at Westminster (Pipe Roll Society).

Reginald continued to hold the property he had inherited, though not without difficulties. The manor of Great Wymondley, although it had been held by the family since his grandfather's time, was claimed by one Alan de Vitrie, who had apparently succeeded in dispossessing him. Unfortunately we do not know the basis of Alan's claim, but by 1190 the court at Westminster decided in Reginald's favour (perhaps unsurprisingly, given his official connections), and in 1195 Richard I issued a charter, confirming the manor to him and his heirs.

Another legal dispute concerned the advowson of Great Wymondley church, which, according to Reginald, had been granted to his grandfather together with the manor. However, the advowson was also claimed by the Abbess of Elstow, according to whom it had been given to the abbey, as an appurtenance of Hitchin church, by its foundress, the Countess Judith, in the time of William I. The dispute dragged on for about 10 years, and was finally settled after Reginald's death, when his son Richard gave up the claim to the advowson. In return, the nuns were to remember him in their prayers.

Reginald also had problems concerning his inheritance from the estate of Guy the son of Tieca. In 1190 the Pipe Roll tells us that Reginald was to pay 100 for justice concerning these lands and those claimed by Alan de Vitrie (i.e. Great Wymondley). In the following year, however, Nicholas, the son of Robert, the son of Harding, appears owing 200 marks, to have peaceful possession of the lands of Guy the son of Tieca, which Reginald claimed. The entries concerning Nicholas - which seem somewhat confused - appear in the Pipe Rolls under Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire and Gloucestershire, and continue until 1196 and 1195 respectively. In 1195, Richard I issued a charter for Reginald (dated the day after the one referred to above), in which his original payment of 100 was replaced by a fine of 200 marks, in return for which he was confirmed as the holder of Great Wymondley, and promised justice concerning the lands of Guy.

The difficulty concerning these lands seems to have arisen because Guy had somehow been involved in the castration of a certain Alan of Wales, which is mentioned both in a charter of Henry II for Guy, and in Richard's second charter for Reginald. It seems that the lands may have initially been confiscated as a result (and perhaps granted to Nicholas' family), but that the offence was finally forgiven. Be that as it may, the trouble was not over yet. In 1202 Reginald again had to go to court, to secure another part of his inheritance from Guy. This time he sought the advowson of the church of 'Chederton', in Bedfordshire, against the prior of St Neots. The result of the action is not known.

In addition to the property which he inherited, he had various interests in a number of counties.

He held the manor of Cholderton, Wiltshire, of the Bernard family; and the Bassingbourn family held it as his sub-tenants(VCH Wiltshire).

He was a plaintiff in a plea of novel disseisin in Letchworth (just north of Wymondley) in Hertfordshire in 1198 (Curia Regis Rolls)

He was granted a tenth of a knight's fee in Pelham [?Middlesex] by William son of Robert (before 1212) (Curia Regis Rolls).
Ralph de Tyvill demanded against him a tenement in Ramsey in Huntingdonshire in 1199 (Farrer, vol.3, p.180, citing R. Cur Regis i 396 or 401).

He held a carucate of land at Wissett (near Halesworth) in Suffolk, c.1199 (Placit. Abbrev.).

Reginald must have died either at the end of 1202 or in early 1203. At his death he left a widow Isabel, who renounced her dower rights in favour of Reginald's son Richard, in return for a house to live in at Wymondley. We do not know whether Isabel was the mother of Reginald's children - indeed, there seems to be no evidence at all about the identity of their mother.

As well as Richard, his son and heir, Reginald had at least three more sons:
Oliver, who fought for the baronial party in the reign of King John.
John.
Reginald.
1

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Sources:
Title: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Abbrev: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Publication: Feb 15, 2002
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber 1148 Rose de Halesworth 1123 - 1198 John de Argentine 75 75 In the reign of King Stephen (1135-1154), a charter was granted to John, son of Reginald de Argentein, confirming to him and his heirs the land and 'ministerium' (the service of cup-bearing) which had been held by his father. Presumably on the basis of this charter, VCH Hertfordshire (vol.3, p.182) calls John an 'adherent' of Stephen, and suggests that a castle of the 'motte and bailey' type, whose remains lie to the east of the churchyard in Great Wymondley, may have been erected by John as a manorial stronghold during the anarchy of Stephen's reign.

Evidently the mills of Ickleford, which his father Reginald had held for life, were still the subject of contention between the Argenteins and Ramsey Abbey. But the dispute was settled in favour of the abbey by Stephen's successor Henry II, who issued a charter, dated to 1155-1162, commanding that the mills, which had been claimed by John, should be held by the abbey, as stipulated by Henry I's charter. At about the same time, John accounted in Hertfordshire for a crown debt (Pipe Roll, 1158-59).

In the feudal returns of 1166, John appears as the holder of one knight's fee of the barony of Robert Foliot, and two knights' fees of the fee of Skipton. The first of these represents the manor of Melbourn, in Cambridgeshire (VCH Cambridgeshire); the second, according to Farrer (vol.1, p.238), refers to Harlow in Essex, although there does not seem to be any later record ofthe family holding land there.

John's name occurs also as a witness to two charters for religious houses in the area: one for St Edmund's Abbey (Douglas) and the other for Dunstable Priory (Fowler). The latter charter is dated tentatively to between 1170 and 1177; if so, it must belong to the closing years of John's life.
1

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Sources:
Title: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Abbrev: Chart pedigree of the Alington family
Publication: Feb 15, 2002
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber 1126 Ellen Fitztecon 1072 Robert de Montfort 1103 - 1198 Lora de Montfort 95 95 1098 - 1139 Reginald de Argentine 41 41 1085 Roger de Argenteon Dionysia Malet 1060 David de Argenteon 1196 - 1267 Robert de Aguillon 71 71 1207 Margery de Insula 1186 William de Insula 1140 William de Aguillon 1118 William de Aguillon 1095 - 1156 Manasser de Aguillon 61 61 1120 - 1172 Manasser de Aguillon 52 52 1182 Joan FitzHenry 1097 Gui Fitztecon 1310 - 1361 Ankaret le Boteler 51 51 1128 Geoffrey de Craft 1122 - 1177 Geoffrey de Turville 55 55 1122 Gundred 0952 Renaud de Courtenay 1045 Guillaume Chatelain de Saint Omer 1275 - 1322 Payn De Roet 47 47 1237 Gilles Rigaud De Roeulx 1205 Eusatche IV Campulus De Roeulx 1210 Marie De Trith 1164 - 1224 Eustache III Seigneur De Roeux 60 60 1180 - 1221 Marie De Mortagne 41 41 1160 - 1213 Baudouin IV De Mortagne 53 53 1165 Hildegarde De Wavrin 1142 - 1192 Robert III De Wavrin 50 50 1144 Adele De Gand 1114 - 1169 Arnold De Gand 55 55 1110 Mahaut De Saint Omer 1070 - 1143 Guillaume II Chatelain De Saint Omer 73 73 1080 Melisinde De Picquigny 1049 Aganitride Von Brugge 1143 Robert de Lusignan 1145 Amalric of Jerusalem The Lusignan family was noted for its many Crusaders. Amalric and Guy were sons of Hugh VIII of Lusignan, who had himself campaigned in the Holy Land in the 1160s. After being expelled from Poitou by their overlord, Richard the Lion-hearted, Guy and Amalric arrived in Palestine in 1179. Amalric took service with Agnes of Courtenay, Countess of Sidon and former wife of Amalric I of Jerusalem, and as rumour would have it, became her lover. Guy married Agnes' daughter, Sibylla of Jerusalem, and so gained a claim to the kingdom of Jerusalem. Amalric was among those captured with his brother after the disastrous Battle of Hattin in 1187.
He had been constable of Jerusalem, but in 1194, on the death of his brother, he became King of Cyprus as Amalric I. By his first wife, Eschiva, daughter of Baldwin of Ibelin, he was the father of Hugh I of Cyprus. After Eschiva's death in 1197 he married Isabella, the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem by his second marriage, and became King of Jerusalem in right of his wife in January, 1198.

In 1198 he was able to procure a five years' truce with the Muslims, owing to the struggle between Saladin's brothers and his sons for the inheritance of his territories. The truce was disturbed by raids on both sides, but in 1204 it was renewed for six years.
Amalric died of dysentery (allegedly brought on by "a surfeit of white mullet") in 1205, just after his son Amalric and just before his wife. The kingdom of Cyprus passed to Hugh, his son by Eschiva, while the kingdom of Jerusalem passed to Maria, the daughter of Isabella by her previous marriage with Conrad of Montferrat.
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) 1150 Guy de Lusignan 1155 Peter de Lusignan 1163 William de Valence 1141 - 1169 Hugh de Lusignan 28 28 Hugues de Lusignan, Co-Seigneur de Lusignan in 1164 (c. 1141 - 1169), married before 1162 Orengarde N, who died in 1169, leaving an infant son Hugues who was to become Hugh IX of Lusignan, and an infant son Raoul who was to become Raoul I de Lusignan
(Wikipedia) D. 1194 Geoffrey of Rancon Fossefie de Fontenay Geoffrey de Rancon 1340 - 1398 John (of Gaunt) England 57 57     John of Gaunt, Earl of Richmond, 4th son of King Edward III, was b. 1340, styled of Gaunt from the place of his birth, who had been created Earl of Richmond in 1342, was advanced to the Dukedom of Lancaster by his father, Edward III, in the 36th year of his reign. After the decease of his 1st wife, Blanch, the great heiress of the Duke of Lancaster, he m. Constance, elder dau. and co-heiress of Peter, King of Castile, and in her right assumed the title of King of Castile and Leon, in which regal dignity, as well as in those of Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Richmond, Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, he had summons to parliament; he was likewise Duke of Aquitaine and a knight of the Garter. On the decease of Edward III, this prince was joined in the administration of affairs during the minority of his nephew, Richard II. He subsequently attempted the conquest of Spain at the head of a fine army, and landing at the Groyne, advanced to Compostella, where he was met by John, King of Portugal, between whom and his eldest dau., the Lady Philippa, a marriage was concluded. Thence he marched into Castile and there ratified a treaty of peace, by which he abandoned his claim to the throne of Castile and Leon in consideration of a large sum of money and the marriage of Henry, Prince of Asturias, with his only dau. by his 2nd wife, the Lady Katherine Plantagenet. In the latter part of his life he dwelt in retirement, having incurred the displeasure of King Richard by a motion which he had made in parliament that his son, Henry of Bolingbroke, should be declared heir to the crown. He d. at Ely House, Holborn, in 1399.

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    John of Gaunt m. 1st, in 1359, Lady Blanche Plantagenet, the eventual heiress of the Duke of Lancaster, and had by her, Henry, Philippa, and Elizabeth. He m. 2ndly, Constance, elder dau. and co-heir of Peter, King of Castile, and by her had an only dau., Katherine. The duke m. 3rdly, in 1396, Catherine, dau. of Sir Payn Roet, Guyenne King of Arms, and widow of Sir Otho de Swynford, Knt., by whom, before marriage, he had issue, John, Henry, Thomas, and Joan. These [last] children were legitimated by act of parliament for all purposes, save succession to the throne, in the 20th Richard II and derived their surname from the castle of Beaufort, the place of their birth. John of Gaunt, was s. by his eldest son, Henry Plantagenet, b. 1366, surnamed of Bolingbroke, Earl of Hereford, who, upon the deposition of Richard II, was called to the throne as King Henry IV, when his great inheritance, with the Dukedom of Lancaster, and the Earldoms of Hereford, Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, merged in the crown. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 432, Plantagenet, Earls of Chester, &c.]

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    John OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, also called (1342-62) EARL OF RICHMOND, or (from 1390) DUC (duke) D'AQUITAINE (b. March 1340, Ghent--d. Feb. 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. The term Gaunt, a corruption of the name of his birthplace, Ghent, was never employed after he was three years old; it became the popularly accepted form of his name through its use in Shakespeare's play Richard II.

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    Through his first wife, Blanche (d. 1369), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) against France. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. Despite John's extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the King's party and the opposition group led  by John's younger brother, Thomas of Woodstock, earl of Gloucester.

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    In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. The expedition was a military failure. John renounced his claim in 1388, but he married his daughter, Catherine, to the young nobleman who eventually became King Henry III of Castile and Leon.

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Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. John returned in 1389 and resumed his role as peacemaker.

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    His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Catherine Swynford. In 1397 he obtained legitimization of the four children born to her before their marriage. This family, the Beauforts, played an important part in 15th-century politics. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to John's son, Henry Bolingbroke. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. [Encyclopædia Britannica CD '97]

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