1535944

[SUSANNA KEENE.FTW]

Cause of death
Dysentery & bowel hemorhage.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Edward I (1272-1307),
who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law
maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the
abuses resulting from weak royal government
and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining
experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he
became king. In 1276
Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of
Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of
campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong
castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed
and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's
rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first
English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind
him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the
king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To
this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but
also the knights of
the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus
creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From
this date onwards, this
system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward
invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and
the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and
William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at
Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in
1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another
campaign against the
Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots
in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": He was on fairly
friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort,
and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the
Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation
in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his
final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260,
Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by
subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into
the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the
treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's
foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up &
besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of
Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking
Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons
(Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264
Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at
Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they
were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants
him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall
to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in
command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth.
As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight,
Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On
April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's
forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces.
Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years
previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was
lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After
the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the
town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of
its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner &
the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in
London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9,
1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264
Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, &
after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's
support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham.
Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which
surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London
so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were
practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of
all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The
Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey
Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London.
Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle.
Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward &
Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince
Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London
& Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve
of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes,
Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some
10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he
established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus
he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to
be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle,
but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle
on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his
garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however,
Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to
meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners
under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them
with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights
undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay
every man they could find. This was thought caused by the
Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity
toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor
(including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263).
From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for
Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264,
after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London &
Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally
renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men.
including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun
VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de
Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose
of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank
of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners
was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an
inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by
Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in
captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de
Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by
Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon
himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le
Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center
column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward
commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels
by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented
by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the
Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap
Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard
of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John
de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be
miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken
leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long
(carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked &
obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory.
Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When
Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to
Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to
abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as
did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over
300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of
Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him.
Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to
his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce &
accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted
in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of
Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law
of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no
circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council.
Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under
control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous
debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No
ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier
at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered
themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward
was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall.
King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of
London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that
included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that
while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He
also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not
only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the
Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to
succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally
excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de
Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas
FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of
Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence
of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264,
but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services &
rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great
victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He
wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to
question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises
mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all
shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl
of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a
staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford
Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin &
Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off
the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the
Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that
Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward
borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent
& forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort
outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside,
rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of
supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped
in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily
coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military
discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army;
Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man
in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors
of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran
and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a
slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc. In
the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265)
as King he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions
at the expence of feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which
he imposed the English system of administration. This was after
his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his
father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated
at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of
Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap
Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn
in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority
over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.

REF: Famous Scottish Battles: King John Balliol was placed on
the throne in 1292. He was a weak King, but he was a King
nonetheless, something Scotland hadn't had since 1286. Edward I
of England, having already conquered Wales, set his eyes on
Scotland. In 1296, he marched North with an army of 30,000
infantry and 5000 cavalry. He invaded Scotland. He first
arrived at Berwick, Scotland's main trading town. He sacked the
town, mercilessly killing practically the whole town's
population. He then marched to Dunbar and defeated a Scots army
sent to meet him. Scotland was now in Edward's hands. He
marched to Scone (pro. scoon) and removed the famous 'Stone of
Destiny' and removed it to Westminster Abbey, where it remained
for 700 years - being returned only recently. He asserted hi
domination by touring scotland, removing relics that were
special to Scotland, and subduing uprisings. Edinburgh castle
was garrisoned with English troops for the first time in its
history.

REF: The Pageant of England The Magnificent Century, by Thomas
Costain: As a youth, Edward was found by his tutors to be quick
in understanding, an excellent scholar up to a point, & that he
had an inherent sense of honor. He began to be known
affectionately as "Longshanks" because he started to br
unusually tall for his age as a youth.

Edward I, Longshanks
(1272-1307 AD)

Born: 17 June 1239 at the Palace of Westminster

Died: 7 July 1307 at Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland

Buried: Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

Parents: Henry III and Eleanor of Provence

Siblings: Margaret, Beatrice, Edmund, Richard, John, Katherine, William & Henry

Crowned: 19 August 1274 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

Married: (1st) October 1254 at Las Huelgas, Castile; (2nd) 10 September 1299 at Canterbury Cathedral

Spouse: (1st) Eleanor daughter of Ferdinand III, King of of Castile & Leon; (2nd) Margaret daughter of Philip III, King of France

Offspring: (1st) Eleanor, Joan, John, Henry, Julian (alias Katherine), Joan, Alfonso, Margaret, Berengaria, Mary, Alice, Elizabeth, Edward, Beatrice & Blanche; (2nd) Thomas, Edmund & Eleanor; (Illegitimate) supposedly one

Contemporaries: Robert Burnell (Chancellor, 1272-1288); Alexander III (King of Scotland, 1249-1286); Robert Bruce; William Wallace; Philip IV (King of France, 1285-1314); Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Edward I, nicknamed "Longshanks" due to his great height and stature, was perhaps the most successful of the medieval monarchs. The first twenty years of his reign marked a high point of cooperation between crown and community. In these years, Edward made great strides in reforming government, consolidating territory, and defining foreign policy. He possessed the strength his father lacked and reasserted royal prerogative. Edward fathered many children as well: sixteen by Eleanor of Castille before her death in 1290, and three more by Margaret.

Edward held to the concept of community, and although at times unscrupulously aggressive, ruled with the general welfare of his subjects in mind. He perceived the crown as judge of the proper course of action for the realm and its chief legislator; royal authority was granted by law and should be fully utilized for the public good, but that same law also granted protection to the king's subjects. A king should rule with the advice and consent of those whose rights were in question. The level of interaction between king and subject allowed Edward considerable leeway in achieving his goals.

Edward I added to the bureaucracy initiated by Henry II to increase his effectiveness as sovereign. He expanded the administration into four principal parts: the Chancery, the Exchequer, the Household, and the Council. The Chancery researched and created legal documents while the Exchequer received and issued money, scrutinized the accounts of local officials, and kept financial records. These two departments operated within the king's authority but independently from his personal rule, prompting Edward to follow the practice of earlier kings in developing the Household, a mobile court of clerks and advisers that traveled with the king. The King's Council was the most vital segment of the four. It consisted of his principal ministers, trusted judges and clerks, a select group of magnates, and also followed the king. The Council dealt with matters of great importance to the realm and acted as a court for cases of national importance.

Edward's forays into the refinement of law and justice had important consequences in decreasing feudal practice. The Statute of Gloucester (1278) curbed expansion of large private holdings and established the principle that all private franchises were delegated by, and subordinate to, the crown. Royal jurisdiction became supreme: the Exchequer developed a court to hear financial disputes, the Court of Common Pleas arose to hear property disputes, and the Court of the King's Bench addressed criminal cases in which the king had a vested interest. Other statutes prohibited vassals from giving their lands to the church, encouraged primogeniture, and established the king as the sole person who could make a man his feudal vassal. In essence, Edward set the stage for land to become an article of commerce.

Edward concentrated on an aggressive foreign policy. A major campaign to control Llywelyn ap Gruffydd of Wales began in 1277 and lasted until Llywelyn's death in 1282. Wales was divided into shires, English civil law was introduced, and the region was administered by appointed justices. In the manner of earlier monarchs, Edward constructed many new castles to ensure his conquest. In 1301, the king's eldest son was named Prince of Wales, a title still granted to all first-born male heirs to the crown. Edward found limited success in extending English influence into Ireland: he introduced a Parliament in Dublin and increased commerce in a few coastal towns, but most of the country was controlled by independent barons or Celtic tribal chieftains. He retained English holdings in France through diplomacy, but was drawn into war by the incursions of Philip IV in Gascony. He negotiated a peace with France in 1303 and retained those areas England held before the war.

Edward's involvement in Scotland had far reaching effects. The country had developed a feudal kingdom similar to England in the Lowlands the Celtic tribal culture dispersed to the Highlands. After the death of the Scottish king, Alexander III, Edward negotiated a treaty whereby Margaret, Maid of Norway and legitimate heir to the Scottish crown, would be brought to England to marry his oldest son, the future Edward II. Margaret, however, died in 1290 en route to England, leaving a disputed succession in Scotland; Edward claimed the right to intercede as feudal lord of the Scottish kings through their Anglo-Norman roots. Edward arbitrated between thirteen different claimants and chose John Baliol. Baliol did homage to Edward as his lord, but the Scots resisted Edward's demands for military service. In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland and soundly defeated the Scots under Baliol Ð Baliol was forced to abdicate and the Scottish barons did homage to Edward as their king. William Wallace incited a rebellion in 1297, defeated the English army at Stirling, and harassed England's northern counties. The next year, Edward defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk but encountered continued resistance until Wallace's capture and execution in 1304. Robert Bruce, the grandson of a claimant to the throne in 1290, instigated another revolt in 1306 and would ultimately defeat the army of Edward II at Bannockburn. Edward's campaigns in Scotland were ruthless and aroused in the Scots a hatred of England that would endure for generations.

Edward's efforts to finance his wars in France and Scotland strained his relationship with the nobility by instituting both income and personal property taxes. Meetings of the King's Great Council, now referred to as Parliaments, intermittently included members of the middle class and began curtailing the royal authority. Parliament reaffirmed Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest in 1297, 1299, 1300, and 1301; it was concluded that no tax should be levied without consent of the realm as a whole (as represented by Parliament).

Edward's character found accurate evaluation by Sir Richard Baker, in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: He had in him the two wisdoms, not often found in any, single; both together, seldom or never: an ability of judgement in himself, and a readiness to hear the judgement of others. He was not easily provoked into passion, but once in passion, not easily appeased, as was seen by his dealing with the Scots; towards whom he showed at first patience, and at last severity. If he be censured for his many taxations, he may be justified by his well bestowing them; for never prince laid out his money to more honour of himself, or good of his kingdom."

17. Edward I, "Longshanks" and "the Lawgiver", born 17/18.6.1239 at Westminser Palace, created Duke of Gascony 1254 and Earl of Chester 14.2.1254, succeeded his father as King of England on 20.11.1272. Married 2ndly 8/10.9.1299 at Canterbury Cathedral Margaret of France, died 14.2.1317/8 at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire. [MARSHALL.FTW]

SOURCE NOTES:
Altschul, Michael, A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares,
1217-1314. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1965. Dana Library (Rutgers Newark)
CS439.C6285.

Burke, Sir John Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and
Baronetage, The Privy Council, Knghtage and Companionage. 72nd edition.
London: Harrison & Sons, 1910.

Holloway, Naomi D, The Genealogy of Mary Wentworth, Who Became the Wife of
William Brewster, Revised Edition, October 1969. LDS Film#1738313 item#5

Louda, Jiri, and Michael MacLagan, Heraldry of The Royal Families of Europe.
New York: Clarkson Potter, 1981. Morris County Library 929.6094.

Moriarty, George Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen
Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS
Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555.

Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of
Wales. London: Charles Skilton Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835.

Previte-Orton, C. W., The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge:
University Press, 1952. Chatham 940.1PRE.

Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor
Charlemagne's Descdenants. Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941.

Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Euroopaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte
der europaischen Staaten, New Series, Marburg: J.A. Stargardt, 1978-.

Tapsell, R. F., Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World. New
York: Facts on File Publications, 1983.

Wagner, Anthony, Pedigree and Progress, Essays in the Genealogical
Interpretation of History, London, Philmore, 1975. Rutgers Alex CS4.W33.

Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John
Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9.

Weis, Frederick L, Magna Charta Sureties 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna
Charta and Some of Their Descendants. 4th Ed. Baltimore: Gen Pub Co, 1991.

Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, 6th Edition,
Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1988.
RESEARCH NOTES:
1272-1307: King of England [Ref: Weis AR #1, Holloway p9, Tapsell p176]

crowned Aug 19 1274 [Ref: Weis AR #1]

was in Holy Land when father died, so was not crowned until Aug 19 1274 [Ref:
Paget p18]
SOURCE NOTES:
date: 1239 [Ref: Louda #3, Louda #47, Moriarty p207] 17/18.VI 1239 [Ref: ES II
#83] Jun 16 1239 [Ref: Moriarty p2] Jun 16 or 17 1239 [Ref: Weis AR #1] Jun 17
1239 [Ref: Holloway p9, Paget p18, Paget p68, Watney #203, Watney #211, Watney
#9, Weis MC #161], place: [Ref: Holloway p9, Paget p18, Weis AR #1], parents:
[Ref: CMH p600, Holloway p9, Moriarty p207, Moriarty p2, Paget p17, Paget p68,
Wagner #43, Watney #9, Weis AR #1, Weis MC #161], father: [Ref: Louda #1,
Louda #3, Tapsell p176, Wagner #47]
SOURCE NOTES:
date: [Ref: ES II #12, Holloway p9, Paget p20, Paget p68, Watney #203, Watney
#211, Watney #9, Weis AR #1, Weis MC #161] 1307 [Ref: CMH p600, CMH p780, CMH
p892, Louda #3, Louda #47, Wagner #3, Wagner #47] Jul 8 1307 [Ref: Moriarty
p207, Moriarty p2], place: [Ref: Burke Peerage 1910 p26, ES II #12, Paget p20]
Carlisle [Ref: Holloway p9] near Carlisle [Ref: Weis AR #1]
SOURCE NOTES:
place: [Ref: Burke Peerage 1910 p26, ES II #12, Paget p20][MARSHALL.FTW]

SOURCE NOTES:
Altschul, Michael, A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares,
1217-1314. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1965. Dana Library (Rutgers Newark)
CS439.C6285.

Burke, Sir John Bernard, Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and
Baronetage, The Privy Council, Knghtage and Companionage. 72nd edition.
London: Harrison & Sons, 1910.

Holloway, Naomi D, The Genealogy of Mary Wentworth, Who Became the Wife of
William Brewster, Revised Edition, October 1969. LDS Film#1738313 item#5

Louda, Jiri, and Michael MacLagan, Heraldry of The Royal Families of Europe.
New York: Clarkson Potter, 1981. Morris County Library 929.6094.

Moriarty, George Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen
Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS
Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555.

Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of
Wales. London: Charles Skilton Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835.

Previte-Orton, C. W., The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge:
University Press, 1952. Chatham 940.1PRE.

Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor
Charlemagne's Descdenants. Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941.

Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Euroopaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte
der europaischen Staaten, New Series, Marburg: J.A. Stargardt, 1978-.

Tapsell, R. F., Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World. New
York: Facts on File Publications, 1983.

Wagner, Anthony, Pedigree and Progress, Essays in the Genealogical
Interpretation of History, London, Philmore, 1975. Rutgers Alex CS4.W33.

Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John
Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9.

Weis, Frederick L, Magna Charta Sureties 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna
Charta and Some of Their Descendants. 4th Ed. Baltimore: Gen Pub Co, 1991.

Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, 6th Edition,
Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1988.
RESEARCH NOTES:
1272-1307: King of England [Ref: Weis AR #1, Holloway p9, Tapsell p176]

crowned Aug 19 1274 [Ref: Weis AR #1]

was in Holy Land when father died, so was not crowned until Aug 19 1274 [Ref:
Paget p18]
SOURCE NOTES:
date: 1239 [Ref: Louda #3, Louda #47, Moriarty p207] 17/18.VI 1239 [Ref: ES II
#83] Jun 16 1239 [Ref: Moriarty p2] Jun 16 or 17 1239 [Ref: Weis AR #1] Jun 17
1239 [Ref: Holloway p9, Paget p18, Paget p68, Watney #203, Watney #211, Watney
#9, Weis MC #161], place: [Ref: Holloway p9, Paget p18, Weis AR #1], parents:
[Ref: CMH p600, Holloway p9, Moriarty p207, Moriarty p2, Paget p17, Paget p68,
Wagner #43, Watney #9, Weis AR #1, Weis MC #161], father: [Ref: Louda #1,
Louda #3, Tapsell p176, Wagner #47]
SOURCE NOTES:
date: [Ref: ES II #12, Holloway p9, Paget p20, Paget p68, Watney #203, Watney
#211, Watney #9, Weis AR #1, Weis MC #161] 1307 [Ref: CMH p600, CMH p780, CMH
p892, Louda #3, Louda #47, Wagner #3, Wagner #47] Jul 8 1307 [Ref: Moriarty
p207, Moriarty p2], place: [Ref: Burke Peerage 1910 p26, ES II #12, Paget p20]
Carlisle [Ref: Holloway p9] near Carlisle [Ref: Weis AR #1]
SOURCE NOTES:
place: [Ref: Burke Peerage 1910 p26, ES II #12, Paget p20]

Records not imported into INDI (individual) Gramps ID I2276:

Line ignored as not understood Line 52450: 2 SOUR @S085410@
Skipped subordinate line Line 52451: 3 DATA
Skipped subordinate line Line 52452: 4 TEXT Date of Import: Aug 7, 2000