General Notes

REFN: 3376AN
REFN: P3377
Archibald "The Tyneman", 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine
Ca rrying on the military tradition of his fore fathers, the 4th Earl
fought aga inst King Henry IV of England at Shrewsbury. Archibald, bent on
the extermina tion of the King, hunted the field ruthlessly for the
Monarch. King Henry, fo r his own security, had dressed a number of his
noblemen in the royal attire. Three of these impostors met their fates at
the blaDe of Douglas. Douglas wa s captured and mercifully released by the
victor.
In France, Archibald displ ayed great courage in battle against the
English and was made Lieutenant-Gene ral of the King's forces by Charles
VII. His service to the French Crown earn ed him the Dukedom of Touraine
in 1424. He was killed in France at the Battle of Verneuil four months
later.
Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas (1372-1424), was a Scottish noblema
n. He was the eldest son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Jo
an Moray.
In 1400 the Earl of March and Henry 'Hotspur' Percy had laid waste to east
ern Scotland as far as Lothian. Douglas, who held the office of Lord Ward
en of the Marches, defeated them near Preston.
With the regent, Albany, he was suspected of complicity in the murde
r, in March 1402, of David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who was in their cus
tody at Falkland Castle, but both were officially declared guiltless by pa
rliament. In that year Douglas raided England but was wounded, losing an e
ye, at the Battle of Humbleton Hill, and was taken prisoner by the Percy
s. He fought on the siDe of his captors against the House of Lancast
er at Shrewsbury in 1403, and was taken prisoner by the English King Hen
ry IV. He became reconciled during his captivity with the earl of March, w
hose lands had been conferred on Douglas, but were now, with the excepti
on of Annandale, restored.
Douglas returned to Scotland in 1409, but was in constant communication wi
th the English court for the release of the captive King James I. In 14
12 he had visited Paris, when he entered into a personal alliance with Jo
hn the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and in 1423 he commanded a continge
nt of 10,000 Scots sent to the aid of Charles VII against the Englis
h. He was made lieutenant-general in the French army, and received the tit
le Duke of Touraine, with remainder to his heirs-male, on 19 April 1424.
The newly created duke was defeated and slain at Verneuil in August 142
4, along with his second son, James. His persistent ill-luck earned him t
he title of the 'Tyneman', or loser.
Marriage and issue
In 1390 he married Lady Margaret Stewart of Galloway, eldest daughter of J
ohn Stewart, Earl of Carrick, who later became King Robert III. They had f
our children:
"    Archibald Douglas (1390-1439), who succeeded to the earldom.
"    Elizabeth Douglas (before 1401-1451), who married first John Stewar
t, 3rd Earl of Buchan, second Thomas Mar, son of Alexander Stewart, 1st Ea
rl of Mar, third William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney.
"    William Douglas (b. before 1401)
"    James Douglas (before 1401-1424)