General Notes

Nickname:<NICK> Plantagenet




King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.


[sergent1.FTW]

King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.

[ag721.ged]

House of Anjou,Signed the Magna Carta.
The youngest without holdings,therefore Lackland
King from 1199 to 1216[sergent1.FTW]

King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.[JamesLinage.FTW]



[ag721.ged]

House of Anjou,Signed the Magna Carta.
The youngest without holdings,therefore Lackland
King from 1199 to 1216[sergent1.FTW]

King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.[JamesLinage.GED]



[ag721.ged]

House of Anjou,Signed the Magna Carta.
The youngest without holdings,therefore Lackland
King from 1199 to 1216[sergent1.FTW]

King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.[Direct Linage1.FTW]

[JamesLinage.GED]



[ag721.ged]

House of Anjou,Signed the Magna Carta.
The youngest without holdings,therefore Lackland
King from 1199 to 1216[sergent1.FTW]

King of England. He received the nickname of John Lackland because, as the fourth born child of his parents, inherited lands were not available to him. The survival of the English government during John's reign was a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially. The Angevin family fueds profoundly marked him. He and Richard clashed in 1184, following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitaine to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves. John returned home to England within six months of his arrival in Ireland. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II of France in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow. When Richard died in 1199, John was crowned as the new king. His reign was troubled in many ways. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually being excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Cantebury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III, and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal. John was extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By the spring of 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May of 1215. At Runnymeade the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as a monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the south and rebellion from his barons in the north.