General Notes

[316552.ftw]

See Historical Document.

TITL Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell AUTH Marlyn Lewis PUBL 08 Oct 1997     Manuscript
TEXT Pope Calixtus II, s of Guillaume II "le Grand" C de Bourgogne & Macon & Etienne de Longw y, brother of Gisele de Bourgogne-Ivrea (AKA Gisela de Burgundy)
TITL Royalty for Commoners AUTH Roderick W. Stuart PUBL Genealogical Publishing Comp, Baltim ore, 1993 sub TITLed The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III King of E ngland & Queen Philippa. Reviewed in TAG, April 1994 by Dr. David H. Kelly Poor       Boo k   PAGE p 71
TEXT Pope Calixtus II, s of Guillaume II "le Grand" C de Bourgogne & Macon & Etienne de Long wy, brother of Gisele de Bourgogne-Ivrea (AKA Gisela de Burgundy)
_FA1 PLAC Acceded: February 9, 1119 at Vienne.
_FA2 PLAC Archbishop of Vienne.
_FA3 PLAC Excommunicated Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
_FA4 PLAC Settled the lay investiture quarreL.
_FA5 PLAC favored St. Norbert and approved the Premonstratensian order.
_FA6 PLAC Approved the Knights of St. John or Hospitallers.Pope Calixtus II Blue blood of blu e bloods was Guy of Vienne who became Calixtus II. Guy was born probably at Quingey in 1060 , the son of William, count of Burgundy. By blood or marriage he was related to Emperor Henr y V, Henry I of England, Louis VI of France, and Alfonso VII of Castile. Guy became a pries t when quite young and soon rose to be archbishop of Vienne. He acted as legate for Paschal I I and held a council at Vienne which boldly excommunicated Henry V when that monarch wreste d the privilege of lay investiture from poor Paschal. The council urged Paschal to confirm it s decrees and hinted that he had better do so--or suffer worse! Since Paschal did so, there w as no trouble; but the incident reveals a lack of perfection in Guy's obedience and loyalty . He was, however, a strong reform bishop and a popular one. Elected pope by the cardinals a t Cluny, Guy was most reluctant to accept; but finally all objections were overruled and he w as enthroned at Vienne on February 9, 1119, as Calixtus II. The outstanding event of this pon tificate was the settlement of the lay investiture quarrel. While Calixtus captured Henry's a ntipope at Sutri, Henry was meeting much opposition in Germany. And all this time a great tid e of public opinion favoring a peaceful settlement was rising swiftly. After some preliminar y negotiations, Henry held a great diet at Worms in September 1122 to discuss the matter. Aft er heated discussions, the papal legates and the Emperor drew up a concordat or agreement bet ween Church and State. By this concordat the Emperor renounced the right of investiture by ri ng and crozier, thus conceding the independence of the spiritual power. The Pope allowed inve stiture by scepter as a symbol of the temporal fiefs connected with the bishopric or abbey. T hus while the principle of spiritual independence was saved, the legitimate rights of civil r ulers to some control over fiefs was safeguarded. The Emperor guaranteed free elections, bu t the Pope agreed that the Emperor could be present at elections, a concession which could ea sily make free elections a mockery. The Concordat of Worms was hailed as a victory for the Ch urch and sent papal prestige skyrocketing. In cold sober fact it left the Church still far to o open to secular control. At any rate Henry was released from censures, and men rejoiced i n the peace that followed. In  March 1123 Calixtus held the ninth ecumenical council, the Fir st Lateran. This,  attended by over 300 bishops and 600 abbots, confirmed the Concordat of Wo rms.  It passed the usual reform decrees and one striking new one. Before this, if a priest m arried, the marriage, though illicit and sinful, was valid. Now such a marriage was declare d null and void; in other words, no marriage. Calixtus II favored St. Norbert and approved th e Premonstratensian order. He also approved the Knights of St. John or Hospitallers, that fam ous crusading order. An able spiritual ruler, Calixtus proved also a capable king. Heads lite rally rolled when he stormed the castles of lawless Roman lords. Even in turbulent Rome itsel f there was a momentary pause in the clash of arms. No wonder an old chronicler calls Calixtu s II, "the father of peace." Calixtus II died on December 13, 1124. Excerpted from "Popes Thr ough the Ages" by Joseph Brusher, S.J. Electronic version copyright \:9 1996 New