General Notes

Duke of Normandy 3rd
Note: Third Duke of Normandy. Great grandfather of Willaim the Concqueror. Married in 946 to Esme or Emma, daughter of Hugh, duke de France and Bourgoyne, Count of Paris and Orleans. No children. Second marriage to Gunnora, or Lady Gunnor. a sis\ter of Herfaste. a Dane of noble birth.

Richard I, byname RICHARD THE FEARLESS, French RICHARD SANS PEUR (b. c. 932--d. 996), duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword.

Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reuniting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Richard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue his duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, the Robertian Hugh Capet. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]

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OCCUPATION: Warred against the last of the Carolingians; supported HUGH CAPET and Capetian d ynasty. Duke of Normandy (942-996).Richard I, byname RICHARD THE FEARLESS, French RICHARD SA NS PEUR (b. c. 932--d. 996), duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword.  Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reun iting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Rich ard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue hi s duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, th e Robertian Hugh Capet.  [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]Richard I, byname RICHARD The FEARLESS, French RICHARD SAN S PEUR (b. c. 932--d. 996), duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword.  Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reun iting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Rich ard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue hi s duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, th e Robertian Hugh Capet. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]  ---------------------------------------------  On the ancestry of the Grenville's and parents of Mauger, Count of Corbeil, their ancestor:  Richard I, Duke of Normandy (ggf through his eldest son of Robert II (The Devil), Duke of Nor mandy, who was in turn father by his mistress Harlette/Harlot of William I (The Conqueror) ; b 933; married 2nd his former mistress Gunnor and died 20 Nov 996, leaving [Mauger]. [Burk e's Peerage, p. 1603]Richard I, byname RICHARD The FEARLESS, French RICHARD SANS PEUR (b. c . 932--d. 996), duke of Normandy (942-996), son of William I Longsword.  Louis IV of France took the boy-duke into his protective custody, apparently intent upon reun iting Normandy to the crown's domains; but in 945 Louis was captured by the Normans, and Rich ard was returned to his people. Richard withstood further Carolingian attempts to subdue hi s duchy and, in 987, was instrumental in securing the French crown for his brother-in-law, th e Robertian Hugh Capet. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97] ---------------------------------------------  Curt Hofemann, curt_hofemann@yahoo.com, in a post-em, wrote:  Not that you probably don't already have a ton of material on him but:  942-996: Duke of Normandy [Ref: Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World by R.F . Tapsell 1983 p202]  Title of Duke, again, was not likely generally used by Richard I or his son Richard II, whos e official documents style themselves "count of Rouen." Later eleventh century documents us e the term Duke - and adopted for historical record. [Ref: William The Conqueror, The Norma n Impact Upon England by David C. Douglas 1964]  'Richard I and his new settler in-laws of the 960s were the winners who lasted. In becoming s o they learned (and taught) two principles of success that marked them off from the Franks. T hey learned the value of a strong centralizing chieftain who could at least freeze the statu s quo once his own local chieftains had taken what they wanted. The more successful he was, t he more chiefs attached themselves to him for just this: with his warranty, backed by his chi eftains, their defeated enemies could not recover by violence what had been taken from them b y violence. Thus were the Norman dukes 'settlers of quarrels.' Fearlessness was the necessar y quality in such a coordinating chieftain, and Richard I, who has no encomiast of his deeds , has at least this sobriquet, 'the Fearless' Those who were great fighters and the ruthlessl y, selectively violent, were the great centralizers among the threatened and rapacious Norse. ' [Ref: Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066 by Eleanor Searle, Univ ersity of California Press, 1988 -Charlotte's Web Geneology http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones /d0042/g0000019.htm#I238]  "RICHARD I, "the Fearless", Duke of Normandy, b. Fecamp ca. 933, named father's h. 29 May 942 , d. 20 Nov. 996; m. (1) (Danish wife) Gunnor, d. 1027 or 1031, dau. of the forester of Arque s, but betrothed ca. 945 & event. m. (2) 960 to Emma, d. ca. 968, dau. Hugh Capet ..., Coun t of Paurs. After Emma's death, m. (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legit. their children. .. . By Gunnor, Richard had [RICHARD II]." [Ref: Weis AR7:110-111]  "When in 942 William was murdered at the instigation of Count Arnulf of Flanders, his son Ric hard, still a minor, succeeded him. Louis IV and Hugh the Great each tried to sieze Normandy , and Louis took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and Hugh took Bayeux , which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody a t Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. T he Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard govern ed in relative peace. In 965 he swore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar at Gisors . Richard's official marriage was to Emma, daughter of Hugh the Great; they had no children , but by his common-law wife Gunnor, a Dane, he had many. Richard II, son of Gunnor and Rich ard I, succeeded his father in 996, another son Robert was archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 10 37 and Emma their daughter became queen of England on her marriage to Aethelred, a position s he maintained after his death in 1016 by marrying Cnot (sic: Cnut/Knut...Curt). Gunnor's nep hews and other relatives furthermore formed the core of the new aristocracy which developed i n the course of the eleventh century. Unfortunately we know little about the internal organi zation and history of Normandy until the reign of Richard II, and this falls outside our peri od." [Ref: The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, by Rosamond McKitterick, Lon don & NY (Longman) 1983 p238-239]  During the minority of his (William Long-Sword) successor, Duke Richard, King Louis IV -- wh o was making an expedition into Normandy -- was captured by the inhabitants of Rouen and hand ed over to Hugh the Great. From this time onwards the dukes of Normandy began to enter into r elations with the dukes of France; and in 958 Duke Richard married Hugh the Great's daughter . He died in 996. (Succeeded by Richard II.) [Ref: Gordon Fisher mess age to soc.genealogy.medieval 6 Nov 1996]  One more minor item, ES II:11 indicates he was also buried at Fcamp.  BTW,where did you get the day & month for his birth & death? [Note: The birth date is an uns ourced item I picked up on World Connect, it has at least a 1/365 chance of being right. Th e death date is from AR, as the source indicates (AR refers to Moriarty's Plantagenet Ancestr y, p. 10-11, 13). JW]  Regards, Curt  ******** [De La Pole.FTW]  Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain; Norr (pages 46, 60) ; The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman; A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153 , 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 15 7-1. Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir 29 May 942. Marr ied first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Afte r Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children. Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy. Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996. The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagn e comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Rich ard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--Ki ng of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the Fr ench line of kings. The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, an d Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after t he death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the D uke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her un kindly, he merely loved Gunnor. "Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away an d died about the year 962," Onslow says. Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996. Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married (1) Agnes, dau ghter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born about 952, sister of a foreste r's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him with her younger sister.  Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of William Longs word and Sprote de Bretagne.  SOURCES: 1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after 962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris. 2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition. Gives her date of death as 996. 3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38. Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2), after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952. 4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death date agrees with that given in Stuart.  *********************  Alternate name found in file: Richard I of NORMANDY  ************