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Family Subtree Diagram : ...Agnes de Grandison (1287)

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(four children) (two children) (two children) (three children) (three children) (six children) (three children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (three children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (two children) (two children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) 0940 - 0994 Leopold of Austria 54 54 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0925 - 0987 Judith of Bavaria 62 62 0913 Arnulf of Bavaria He rebelled against Otto I King of Germany in 954, aiming to re-establish his family's position in Bavaria but was killed in the first siege of Regensburg.

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Sources:

   1. Type: Web Site
      Author: c Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
      Title: Medieval Lands
      URL: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/index.htm  D. 0906 Aribo of Loben 0900 - 0972 Boleslav of Bohemia 72 72 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0901 Biagota of Stockow 0920 - 0999 Boleslav of Bohemia 79 79 0888 - 0921 Vratislav of Bohemia 33 33 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0881 - 0937 Drahomir of Stodar 56 56 0929 Wenceslas of Bohemia 0850 - 0894 Boriwoj Premysl 44 44 0850 - 0921 Ludmilla Mielnick 71 71 0880 - 0916 Wratislaw Premysl 36 36 0820 - 0870 Hostivbit Premysl 50 50 0824 Miloslava of Bohemia 0800 - 0873 Neklan Premysl 73 73 0795 Ponislava of Bohemia 0780 - 0851 Kresomysl of Bohemia 71 71 0782 Libuse of Bohemia 0758 - 0833 Unislav of Bohemia 75 75 0737 - 0820 Vohen of Bohemia 83 83 0738 Blanka of Bohemia 0716 - 0804 Mnbata of Bohemia 88 88 0711 Strezislava of Bohemia 0718 - 0783 Nezamysl of Bohemia 65 65 0720 Hruba of Bohemia 0694 - 0745 Premsyl of Bohemia 51 51 0700 Libuse of Bohemia 0667 Krok of Bohemia 0642 Cech of Bohemia 1073 - 1136 Leopold von Brandenburg 63 63 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
      Text: s. of Leopold II Marquis of Austria & Ida Cts of Cham
   2. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who
      Title: Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America bef 1760 (7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992)ame to America bef 1760ame to America bef 1760. 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992.
      Note:
      Call number:

      Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6

      good to very good

      J.H. Garner
      Page: line 45 p 47, line 147
      Text: no parents
   3. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002
   4. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
   5. Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who
      Title: Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America bef 1760 (7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992)ame to America bef 1760ame to America bef 1760. 7th ed Genealogical Publishing, Baltimore 1992.
      Note:
      Call number:

      Same ref source as earlier ed, "Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists who Came to New England 1623-1650" ed 1-6

      good to very good

      J.H. Garner
      Page: line 45 p 47  1055 - 1096 Leopold von Brandenburg 41 41 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002
   3. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
      Text: d 12 Oct 1102  Judith of Bavaria 1081 Elizabeth of Austria 1082 - 1120 Adelheid of Austria 38 38 1024 - 1075 Ernst of Austria 51 51 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
      Text: s of Adalbert Marquis of Austria & Adelajda
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002
   3. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval  0987 - 1055 Adalbert of Austria 68 68 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002
   3. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
      Text: d 26 May 1053  0991 - 1057 Orseolo Frowila of Venice 66 66 1021 Leopold Mar de Neumark 0960 Ryksa von Sualafeld 0934 Ernst von Sualafeld 0970 - 1050 Ottone Orseolo 80 80 0972 - 1056 Maria Helena of Hungary 84 84 0955 - 1009 Pietro Orseolo 54 54 0960 Maria Candiano 0925 - 0986 Pietro Orseolo 61 61 0935 Felicita di Malpiero 0900 Pietro Orseolo 0910 di Malpiero 0935 Vitale Candiano 0900 - 0959 Pietro Candiano 59 59 0925 Arceilda di Venezia 0880 - 0939 Pietro Candiano 59 59 0855 - 0887 Pietro Candiano 32 32 0947 - 0997 Adelajda Piast 50 50 0931 - 0972 Taksony Arpad of Hungary 41 41 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0932 - 0990 Von Kumanien 58 58 0955 - 0978 Michael Arpad 23 23 0896 - 0949 Soltan Arpad 53 53 0900 - 0989 Khazar av Bihar 89 89 0840 - 0907 Ziemomysl Arpad 67 67 0820 - 0895 Almus of the Magyars 75 75 0796 - 0835 Ogyek of the Magyars 39 39 0800 - 0850 Emese 50 50 0780 Venedobel of the Magyars 0750 Avarius of the Magyars 0720 Elendus of the Huns 0690 Vegerus of the Huns 0660 Edur of the Huns 0620 Kulchug of the Huns 0580 Chazew of the Huns 0550 - 0590 Kadiha of the Huns 40 40 0510 - 0560 Edus of the Huns 50 50 0473 - 0530 Chaba of the Huns 57 57 0432 - 0476 Ernak of the Huns 44 44 Julia Gratia Honoria 0416 Elak of the Huns 0870 Maroth Bihar 1015 - 1075 Dedi Mar de Ostmark 60 60 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

      contributor to soc.genealogy.medieval
      Text: Dedo II, mrgr. Misni
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  1017 Oda of Lausatia 1009 - 1034 Dietrich von Wettin 25 25 Mathilda von Meissen 0947 - 1009 Dedi of Northern Hessegau 62 62 Thietburga von Haldensleben Sources:
Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
Title: Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Publication: 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
D. 0976 Dietrich von Wettin D. 0957 Dedi von Wettin Mathilda von Hesse D. 1002 Eckhard of Meissen Oda of Meissen 0974 - 0982 Gunter von Merseburg 8 8 D. 0954 Eckard of Thuringia 0925 Gunther of Thuringia D. 0871 Eckard von Sachsen 0876 - 0912 Liudolf von Sachsen 36 36 1130 - 1195 Henry Faucigny 65 65 1104 - 1178 Amadeo of Geneva 74 74 1110 - 1137 Matilda de Cuiseaux 27 27 1002 - 1038 Ludwig von Braunschweig 36 36 0960 - 1003 Brunon von Braunschweig 43 43 Sources:
Title: Royalty for Commoners
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Abbrev: RWS
Publication: Genealogical Pub Co Inc
Abbrev: RFC
Page: Line 359
1304 - 1349 Catherine de Grandison 45 45 Note:



    Source: Burke, Dormant & Extinct Peerages, 242.

Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Dormant & Extinct Peerages
      Title: Burke, Dormant & Extinct Peerages
      Note:
      Source Media Type: Book
      Repository:

      Page: 242
   2. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : daylily7.ged
      Title: Susan Morse HILL, GEDCOM File : daylily7.ged  1286 Piers de Grandison 1294 Mabel de Grandison 1232 - 1300 John de Tregoze 68 68 Lord Baron Tregoze
Sir John Tregoze, Lord Baron Tregoze, only son and heir, did homage and obtained livery of his fathers' lands 52nd of Henry III, 1268, and stood in such favour with royalty that, notwithstanding his father's treason against Henry III, he was acquitted of 50 marks of œ100, then due for his relief, after which he attended Edward I on the expedition into Wales. This Baron, during the latter part of his life, was summoned to Parliament from Jan. 26, 1296, to Feb. 6, 1299, and in 1300 was summoned to perform military service against the Scotch, but his death prevented it, for he died Aug. 21, 1300. He died seized of an immense inheritance. He married Mabel, daughter of Foulk, Lord FitzWarine, and this lady owned the Manor of Weston, in Bedfordshire, and the Hamlet of Sturden in Gloucester. By her Lord Tregoze had only two daughters, Clarissa, who married John de la Warre, and Sibilla, of whom further. At his lordship's decease the barony of Tregoze fell into abeyance between his grandson, John de la Warre, and his 2nd daughter, Sybilla de Grandison, as it still continues with their representatives.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 445)
 1248 - 1297 Mabel Fitzwarin 49 49 1264 Clarice de Tregoz 1200 - 1263 Pierre Sire De Grandison 63 63 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1220 Agnes De Neuchatel Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1240 - 1308 Alice De Grandison 68 68 1158 - 1235 Ebal Sire De Grandson 77 77 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1160 - 1236 Beatrice De Geneva 76 76 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1133 - 1174 Ebal Sire De Belmont 41 41 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1134 - 1158 Jordane 24 24 1110 - 1158 Bartholomew Sire De Grandison & De Belmont 48 48 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1087 - 1130 Ebal De Belmont 43 43 1050 Aldeheid 1050 - 1114 Falko Conan De Belmont 64 64 1160 - 1225 Ulric Comte De Neuchatel 65 65 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1200 Yolande von Urach- Arberg 1050 - 1125 Aimon de Geneva 75 75 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com

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Sources:
Citation Text: Date of Import: Dec 12, 2001 http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=6077128&pid=-1350140653
1086 - 1134 Itha De Faucigny 48 48 1086 Pons De Cuiseaux Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1088 Laura De Senecy 1130 - 1191 Ulric Comte De Neuchatel 61 61 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1135 Bertha 1105 - 1146 Rudolph de Neuchatel 41 41 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  Emma De Glane 1168 - 1230 Egino of Urach 62 62 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1184 - 1239 Agnes Von Zähringen 55 55 1209 Egon Graf von Freiburg D. 1233 Heilwig Gräfin von Urach Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1205 - 1249 Kunigunde Gräfin Von Urach 44 44 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1122 - 1196 Egon of Urach 74 74 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1130 - 1168 Kunigunde Von Wasserberg 38 38 1055 - 1120 Egon of Urach 65 65 1070 Kunigunde 0985 Egon von Dettingon 0924 Liutold von Achelm 1097 - 1161 Engelbert von Diessen 64 64 1100 - 1169 Hedwig von Formbach 69 69 1060 - 1144 Dietrich von Formbach 84 84 1180 - 1257 Beatrice de Geneva 77 77 1130 - 1195 William de Geneva 65 65 Beatrix de Valperge 0800 - 0843 Judith Bavaria 43 43 # Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
# Note: Page: Louis I
# Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
# Note: Page: 140-14 0778 - 0840 Louis Roman 61 61 # Note:

    Called The Pious (778-840), Holy Roman emperor (814-40), king of France (814-40), king of Germany (814-40), and king of Aquitaine (781-840). He was the son of Charlemagne, king of the Franks. In 817 Louis made plans providing for the posthumous division of the Carolingian Empire among his three surviving sons, Lothair I, Holy Roman emperor, Louis II, king of Germany, and Charles II, Holy Roman emperor. His reign, however, was troubled by quarrels with his sons, who were dissatisfied with his arrangements for the succession. Louis was physically strong but was easily influenced and was unequal to administering the large empire that he inherited from his father.

# Note:

    In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anointed King of Aquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time as his older brother Pepin was made King of Italy. Louis, whose twin brother had died at birth, was the third of Charlemagne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regni of 806indicates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independent kingdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a March; for much of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officials were occupied in quelling Gascon revolts and launching offensives into Spain. Unrest had never completely died out in the Pyrenees since the annexation of Aquitaine in 768, and more especially after the disastrous ambush of the Frankish vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Duke of Toulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adelric, and then released after being forced to swear an oath of allegiance to the Gascon or Basque leader. In 793, the Sarracens invaded Septimania, burned the suburbs of Narbonne and marched on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben-Machluc sued with Louis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcelona and subsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona and formed links with the Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized: on 15 Apr 781; On 15 April 781, Louis was baptized by Pope Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, Easter Sunday, he was confirmed in his title of King of Aquitaine. Married in 794: Ermengarde d'Esbay, daughter of Engueran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay.

Note - between 800 and 837: Louis I established monasteries in Nouaille (a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone and St. Martin-de-Tours.

    After the death of his brothers Pepin and Charles in 810 and 811 respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 September 813, Emperor and heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, by Charlemagne himself without any assistance nor even the presence of the Pope. All sources, Frankish as well as papal, refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagne died 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to quit the palace and retire to their own estates. His cousins, the offsprings of Bernard (Pepin III's half brother) were exhiled: Louis forced Count Wala to become a monk at Corbie; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to be held there in custody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lerin and Gundrada had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croix in Poitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbess of Notre Dame at Soissons. Louis I was also known as Louis, "Le Pieux". On 27 February 814, upon learning of the death of his father, and at the age of 36 years, he left Doue-la-Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle.

# Note:

    This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himself in front of the tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grief, his forehead touched the stone floor of the church. Hence the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind, relative to his times, he was also known as "Le Debonnaire". For himself, he preferred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Emperor Augustus". When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV was elected Pope, and crowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 October by placing a crown on his head during mass at Rheims. He also secured the release of some Roman exhiles in Francia. This crowning was among the first attempts to integrate the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire. Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural desires of the body' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ingramn. Charlemagne established Doue-la-Fontaine, Chasseneuil (Louis' birthplace), Angeac and Ebreuil as royal residences to maintain Louis and his household. At an assembly in Aachen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons' inheritance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his preface he states that the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by God should not be destroyed by men. Lothar was given the title of emperor, and as co-ruler with his father at once made heir to the empire, and appointed King of Italy in the event of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy was not mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be subordinate to Lothar should Louis die. Pepin was made King of Aquitaine (plus Gascony, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Avallon and Nevers) and Louis, The German, was made King of Bavaria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands of the Avars and Slavs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt). Pepin and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar to consult and together find "measures to take in the interest of perpetual peace". They could neither start a war nor marry without the approval of their elder brother. Lothar even had the right to de-throne them after three warnings. That same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his political independence, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empire as conceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat and all contingencies covered except for the one which took place. After his first wife's (Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 819, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith, daughter of Comte Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to a son. He was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nickname "Le Debonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne which was rebelling. In 829, at the General Assembly convoked in Worms (Wurm), Louis announces that he is forging a Duchy for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania, Alsace, Rhetia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagrees and has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas. Toward the end of 829, the political scene gets very complicated with allegations that Judith had intimate rapports with Bernard, Count of Barcelone, and ultimately desiring the death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of 830, in Compiegne, Lothar and Pepin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. Louis is forced to cede on every point of contention. The apanage of the young Charles is eliminated, Judith is locked up in Poitiers at the Monastery of Sainte-Radegonde. In 831, the bishops would note how she had a talent for converting men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pepin and Louis revolt against their father. On 24 June 833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those of the rebels. The field of battle in Rothfeld would be named the Field of the Lie (Lugenfeld). The Emperor and his sons begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, it is clear that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his three sons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to surrender. It would not be until 1 October that Louis would be deposed by the Assembly led by Agobard, Archbishop of Lyon and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October, Judith is sent to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prum, and Louis to the Monastery of Saint-Medard-de-Soissons, where in public ceremony, he is forced to lay down his sword, stripped of royal vestments, he is made to don the coarse cloth of a penitent. In 834, Louis and Pepin, tired of being under the control of their brother Lothar, decide to free their father. On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father and in August in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, that he would never leave Italy except by his direct command. Throughout 834, the Normands -- Danes, Swedes and Norwegians -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835, the General Assembly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previous accusations thus clearing the way for him to be re-established as Emperor on the Throne at Saint-Stephen of Metz.

# Note:

    In 837, thanks to the intercessions of Judith, Charles "Le Chauve", receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between the Seine, the Meuse and the sea and in September 838, he receives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise. In 838, Marseille is devastated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, the Empire is divided in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles' lands extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all the lands of the West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only Bavaria. Married in 819: Judith de Baviere (3628), daughter of Welf II, Count de Baviere and Egilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes ; Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 22 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Germany, at age 61 In 840, while attempting to keep Louis "the German" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" is taken ill in Salz. Feeling near death, he sends Lothar his sword and the crown on the condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by the lands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an island, near Ingelheim on 22 June. 309. Judith de Baviere (Andre Roux: Scrolls, 191.)

# Note: (Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-40.)
# Note: (Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 136).
# Note:

    Married Name: de France. Born: circa 800 in Altdorf, Bavaria, daughter of Welf II, Count de Baviere (3626) and Egilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes . Married in 819: Louis I, King de France , son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau ; Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin. Died: on 19 Apr 843 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France.

# Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
# Note: Page: Louis I
# Note: Text: 778 year only
# Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
# Note: Page: 140-14
# Note: Text: 794/5

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I14740 0820 - 0874 Gisela Roman 54 54 0780 Hedwig Eigilwich Chelles 0778 - 0819 Guelph I (Welf) Altdorf 41 41 # Note: European dynasty tracing its descent from the Swabian count Guelph or Welf (9th cent.), whose daughter Judith married the Frankish emperor Louis I.
# Note:
# Note: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I14749 0800 - 0863 Conrad Auxerre Burgundy 63 63 0750 Isembert Altdorf 0723 Ara Swabia 0722 Narinus Swabia 0875 Ermentrude France 0865 - 0927 Eberhard of Friuli 62 62 0858 - 0900 Adaelaeide France 42 42 0810 - 0876 Emma Of Bavaria 66 66 0935 - 0980 Berthold of Bavaria 45 45 0886 - 0937 Arnulf of Bavaria 51 51 0894 Judith von Sulichgau 0920 - 0953 Heinrich of Bavaria 33 33 0860 - 0907 Liutpold of Nordgau 47 47 0864 Kungunde of Swabia 0828 - 0889 Ernst von Nordgau 61 61 0870 Adelheid 0803 - 0865 Ernst von Nordgau 62 62 0806 Friedeburg of Frommen 0840 - 0920 Berthold of Palatine 80 80 0844 Gisele von Breisgau 0820 - 0875 Chadaloh of Swabia 55 55 0795 Berthold of Swabia 0842 - 0874 Hunroch of Friuli 32 32 0845 Ava of Tours 0820 - 0866 Eberhard of Friuli 46 46 0857 - 0901 Eberhard von Lower Lahngau 44 44 0850 Berenger of Italy 0845 - 0873 Judith of Friuli 28 28 0765 - 0875 Hunroch of Friuli 110 110 0890 - 0927 Kunigunde Cunegonde de France 37 37 # Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
# Note: Page: 155-21, 143-18

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I10955 1050 Adelheid de Roucy 0850 Helwise of Friuli 0750 Irmintrudis Swabia 0798 Luitfried Alsace 0697 Eberhard Alsace 0398 Basina Thuringia 0843 Louis II (The Stammerer) France 0823 - 0877 Charles Roman 54 54 Charles II, King de France

(Andre Roux: Scrolls,191.)
(Stuart, Royalty for Commoners, Page 130, Line 171-39.)
(Rosamond, Frankish kingdom under Carolingians, Page 180.)
(Paul, Nouveau Larousse Universel.)
(Andre Castelot, Histoire de La France, Tome 1, Pages 369, 387).

AKA: Charles II, Emperor of the West. AKA: Charles II, King de Bourgogne. AKA: Charles II, King of Italy. Also Known As: Charles "Le Chauve".

Born: on 13 Jun 823 in Francfort-sur-le-Main, Germany, son of Louis I, King de France and Judith de Baviere , Some sources assert King Charles II was born in the year 829.

    Note - between 824 and 875 in France: The birth of Charles II in 823 did not at first excite jealousy or rivalry among his brothers. In 829, Charles was granted the region of Alemannia, Rhaetia and part of Burgundy. In 837, his Father Louis I "Le Debonnaire", by arrangement with Louis the German and Pepin gave Charles the land West of the Meuse, Burgundy, Chartres and Paris together with all the bishops, abbots and counts who held benefices in these territories. A portion of Neustria was added in 838, and upon Pepin's death, Louis Le Pieux made Charles King of Aquitaine. On 24 July 840, the new Emperor, Lothar, in Strasburg, refuses to support the land claims of Charles (from the agreement of Worms on 30 May 839). The two brothers, Louis and Charles, unite against Lothar and the War of the Three Brothers begins. Meanwhile, on 12 May 841, the Normands ravage Rouen and all the localities along the Seine, increasing their wealth considerably. At Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (24 June 841), Charles defeats his brothers Lothar (in spite of the arrival of the Army of Aquitaine in the Imperial ranks -- and at a total loss of 40,000 lives at the battle) and Louis Le Germanique. Charles and Louis signed an alliance on 14 February 842 at Strasbourg. Leaving Strasbourg, the two brothers defeat the imperial army of Lothar just West of Comblence. Lothar leaves Aix-le-Chapelle precipitously, pursued by the two brothers. In Mellecey, not far from Chalon-sur-Saone, Lothar proposes a plan to establish perpetual peace which is acceptable to both Louis and Charles. On 15 June, they sign the preliminary peace document. On 1 October 842, each of them sends 40 commissioners to Metz to forge the official document. Prudence, the Bishop of Troyes, notes that Louis regained Germania in the East, Lothar gets the middle part of the Franc Kingdom, including Italy, and Charles obtains the Western lands (West of the Rhone, including Soissons). After that Charles goes to the Palace in Quierzy, where he marries Ermentrude.

# Note:

    Charles signed the Treaty of Verdun (843) which split the Kingdom of Charlemagne. By the Treaty, the destiny of Occidental Europe would be heavily influenced to this day. Louis obtains all lands East of the Rhine, including the cities of Spire, Worms, Mayence. Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambresis, the Hainaut, the country of Mezieres, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saone and the Rhone, the Artois and Italy. Charles got all the lands East all the way to Spain. The Kingdom of Charlemagne thus was split forever, with the most serious rift between the germanic lands of Louis, and the French lands of Charles. The intervening lands extending from Frisia to Rome, from the North Sea to the Mediterranean including what would become Holland, Belgium, Lorraine and Switzerland would become a sore point of contention between these two peoples. The only thing that mattered to Lothar was the fact that both capitals (Aix and Rome) were located within his territory, thus legitimizing the title of Emperor.

# Note:

    Meanwhile, the Normands pillage Nantes and lower Aquitaine. Charles laid siege to Toulouse in vain (May to July 844). The Normands led by Ragnar Lodbrog arrive in Paris and must be heavily bribed to leave. Other Normand armies ravage Toulouse and Bordeaux (burned to the ground in 848). On 6 May 848, Duke Nomenoe proclaims the indepence of the Church of Bretagne and the following year proclaims himself King of Bretagne. Charles fought Brittany (Bretagne) in 845-851 and was victorious. Not liking Pepin II, the people of Aquitaine request Charles' help, and he obliges by accepting the Crown, and on 6 June 848 is consecrated King of Aquitaine, though he could not defend his kingdom against the Normands. He had Charles of Aquitaine jailed (849 in Corbie). In 850 Charles attacks Bretagne and leaves a garrison in Rennes. No sooner does he leave, that Nomenoe takes the city and then takes Nantes as well. The next year, Nomenoe ravages Maine, but, fortunately for Charles, the King of Bretagne dies suddenly on 7 March in Vendome. Charles has Pepin II locked in the Monastery of Saint-Medard de Soissons in 852. The Normands under Godfrid pillage Tours and Angers and penetrate via the Valley of Escaut all the way to the Seine. The loyalty of Aquitaine shifts in 853, and Louis the German is called upon to help against Charles le Chauve. He in turn defeats Louis and offers Aquitaine his son by Ermentrude, Charles, who would be crowned sovereign in Limoges in October 855. Both Pepin II and Charles d'Aquitaine escape raise armies against Charles le Chauve. Charles fought against Louis for Lorraine (859, 870 [Treaty of Mersen] and 875).

# Note:

    When Louis le Germanique becomes ill in 869 near Rastisbonne, shortly after his nephew Lothar II died, Charles see the opportunity to claim his heritage as Uncle of the deceased. He has himself annointed King of Lorraine in Metz on 9 September, by the Bishop Hincmar. In March, 867, Charles d'Aquitaine dies, and his father Charles le Chauve is recognized as King by the Assembly in Pouilly-sur-Loire. Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. In 9 August 870, through the Treaty of Meerseen, Louis "Le Germanique" and Charles "Le Chauve" reach an agreeable compromise whereby they divide the lands of Lothar II between themselves, leaving Louis II no part of the inheritance. As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875. In Pavia on 5 January 876, by acclamation of the counts and nobles of Italy, Charles becomes King of Italy. On 31 January 876, the Archbishop of Milan proclaims Charles as Emperor. The French ecclesiasticals and nobles, having some misgivings about Charles' ability to take care of his Kingdom meet in Ponthion. Charles joins them dressed in the attire of the Frankish King. As soon as they declare him elected and recognize his imperial authority, Charles donned the Byzantine crown, and purple vestment of emperor. When Louis le Germanique dies on 28 August 876, Charles claims Lorraine as his own. While on an expedition in Italy against the Sarrasins, through the specific request of Pope Jean VIII, Charles le Chauve dies at the foot of Mount Cenis.

# Note:

    Married on 13 Dec 842 in Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne, Ile-de-France, France: Ermentrude d'Orleans , daughter of Odon=Eudes, Count d'Orleans and Ingeltrude de Paris; Ermentrude was crowned Queen of France in 866, having already produced a number of children including 6 sons but none of them was satisfactory as far as Charles Le Chauve was concerned. By September 866, four of them were dead.

# Note:

    Married on 25 Nov 869 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France: Richilde de Bourgogne, daughter of Beuve=Bouin, Comte de Bourgogne and Richilde d'Arles; The honeymoon is short-lived, as Louis le Germanique demands, as part of his heritage from the death of his nephew Lothar II, a part of Lorraine. Died: on 6 Oct 877 in Avrieux, Dauphine, France, at age 54 Charles II is buried at Saint Denis although originally he was buried in Nantua. Before expiring, he named his son, Louis Le Begue as his successor, and the Empress Richilde, crowned by Pope Jean VIII earlier that year, is charged with taking the royal garbs and sword to her step-son.

# Note:

Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
Page: Charles II

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 49-16

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I13719 0792 - 0853 Engeltrude Paris 61 61 1272 - 1334 Sybil de Tregoze 62 62 1041 - 1071 Adelheid von Meissen 30 30 0956 - 1014 Swanhilde of Saxony 58 58 0880 - 0963 Berkhard von Wettin 83 83 0985 - 1043 Gisela of Swabia 57 57 0392 - 0454 Attila of the Huns 62 62 Attila, called the Scourge of God (circa 406-53), king of the Huns (circa 433-53). He is called Etzel by the Germans and Ethele by the Hungarians.

Little is known of Attila’s early life beyond the fact that he was a member of the ruling family of the Huns, a nomadic Asian people who spread from the Caspian steppes in repeated incursions on the Roman Empire. Before Attila’s birth the Huns reached the Danube River in raids against the Eastern Roman Empire; by ad 432, they had gained so much power that Attila’s uncle, the Hunnish king Roas, or Rugilas, was receiving a large annual tribute from Rome. Attila succeeded his uncle, at first sharing the throne with his brother Bleda, whom he put to death in 445. In 447 he advanced through Illyria and devastated the whole region between the Black and the Mediterranean seas. Those of the conquered who were not destroyed were compelled to serve in his armies. He defeated the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II; Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) was saved only because the Hunnish army, primarily a cavalry force, lacked the technique of besieging a great city. Theodosius, however, was compelled to cede a portion of territory south of the Danube River and to pay a tribute and annual subsidy.

With great numbers of Ostrogoths, or East Goths, whom he had conquered, in his army, Attila invaded Gaul (451) in alliance with Gaiseric, king of the Vandals. He was met by the Roman general Flavius Aetius and defeated that same year in the great Battle of Châlons, fought near the present-day French city of Troyes; according to all accounts it was one of the most terrible battles of ancient history. The Romans were assisted by the Visigoths, or West Goths, under their king, Theodoric I (reigned 419-51). Historians of the period estimated the losses of the army of Attila at from 200,000 to 300,000 slain, a number now believed greatly exaggerated. Aetius wisely allowed the Huns to retreat, pursuing as far as the Rhine River.

Partially recovered from the defeat, Attila in the next year turned his attention to Italy, where he devastated Aquileia, Milan, Padua (Padova), and other cities and advanced upon Rome. Rome was saved from destruction only by the mediation of Pope Leo I, who in a personal interview is said to have impressed the Hunnish king by the majesty of his presence. In 453 Attila prepared once more to invade Italy, but he died before the plan could be carried out.

One notable result of Attila’s invasion of Italy was that some of the conquered people, notably the Veneti, of northeastern Italy, took refuge among the islands, marshes, and lagoons at the head of the Adriatic Sea and there founded a state that afterward grew into the republic of Venice.

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Attila the Hun (c. 406-453), last and most powerful king of the European Huns, reigned from 434 until his death over what was then Europe's largest empire, which stretched from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Danube River to the Baltic. During his rule he was among the direst enemies of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires: he invaded the Balkans twice, encircling Constantinople in the second invasion; he marched through France as far as Orleans before being turned back at Chalons; and he drove the western emperor Valentinian III from his capital at Ravenna in 452.

Though his empire died with him and he left no remarkable legacy, he has become a legendary figure in the history of Europe: he is remembered as the epitome of cruelty and rapacity in much of Western Europe; he is lionized as a great king in the national history of Hungary; and he plays major roles in two Norse sagas.

Background
Although there is little certainty, the European Huns seem to have been a western extension of the Xiongnu (Xiongn, a group of Mongolian nomadic tribes from north-eastern China and Mongolia. Establishment of the first Hun state is one of the first well-documented appearances of the culture of horseback migration in history. These tribes people achieved superiority over their rivals (most of them highly cultured) by their splendid state of readiness, amazing mobility and weapons like the Hun bow.

Main article: Huns

Shared kingship
By 432, the Huns were united under Rua. In 434 Rua died, leaving his nephews Attila and Bleda, the sons of his brother Mundzuk, in control over all the united Hun tribes. At the time of their accession, the Huns were bargaining with Theodosius II's envoys over the return of several renegade tribes who had taken refuge within the Byzantine Empire. The following year, Attila and Bleda met with the imperial legation at Margus (present-day Pozarevac) and, all seated on horseback in the Hunnic manner, negotiated a successful treaty: the Romans agreed not only to return the fugitive tribes (who had been a welcome aid against the Vandals), but also to double their previous tribute of 350 pounds of gold, open their markets to Hunnish traders, and pay a ransom of eight solidi for each Roman taken prisoner by the Huns. The Huns, satisfied with the treaty, decamped from the empire and departed into the interior of the continent, perhaps to consolidate and strengthen their empire. Theodosius used this opportunity to strengthen the walls of Constantinople, building the city's first sea wall, and to build up his border defenses along the Danube.

The Huns remained out of Roman sight for the next five years. In 440, they reappeared on the borders of the empire, attacking the merchants at the market on the north bank of the Danube that had been arranged for by the treaty. Attila and Bleda threatened further war, claiming that the Romans had failed to fulfil their treaty obligations and that the bishop of Margus (not far from modern Belgrade) had crossed the Danube to ransack and desecrate the royal Hun graves on the Danube's north bank. They crossed the Danube and laid waste Illyrian cities and forts on the river, among them, according to Priscus, Viminacium, which was a city of the Moesians in Illyria. Their advance began at Margus, for when the Romans discussed handing over the offending bishop, he slipped away secretly to the barbarians and betrayed the city to them.

Theodosius had stripped the river's defenses in response to the Vandal Geiseric's capture of Carthage in 440 and the Sassanid Yazdegerd II's invasion of Armenia in 441. This left Attila and Bleda a clear path through Illyria into the Balkans, which they invaded in 441. The Hunnish army, having sacked Margus and Viminacium, took Sigindunum (modern Belgrade), and Sirmium before halting its operations. A lull followed during 442, when Theodosius recalled his troops from North Africa and ordered a large new issue of coins to finance operations against the Huns. Having made these preparations, he thought it safe to refuse the Hunnish kings' demands.

Attila and Bleda responded by renewing their campaign in 443. Striking along the Danube, they overran the military centers of Ratiara and successfully besieged Naissus (modern Nis) with battering rams and rolling towers-military sophistication that was new in the Hun repertory-then pushing along the Nisava they took Sardica (Sofia), Philippopolis (Plovdiv), and Arcadiopolis. They encountered and destroyed the Roman force outside Constantinople and were only halted by their lack of siege equipment capable of breaching the city's massive walls. Theodosius admitted defeat and sent Anatolius to negotiate peace terms, which were harsher than the previous treaty: the Emperor agreed to hand over of 6,000 pounds of gold as punishment for having disobeyed the terms of the treaty during the invasion; the yearly tribute was tripled, rising to 2,100 pounds in gold; and the ransom for each Roman prisoner rose to 12 solidi.

Their ambitions contented for a time, the Hun kings withdrew into the interior of their empire. According to Jordanes (following Priscus), sometime during the peace following the Huns' withdrawal from Byzantium (probably around 445), Bleda died, and Attila took the throne for himself. There is much historical speculation whether Attila murdered his brother, or whether Bleda died for another reason. In any case, Attila was now undisputed lord of the Huns, and again turned towards the eastern Empire.

Sole ruler
Constantinople suffered major natural (and man-made) disasters in the years following the Huns' departure: bloody riots between the racing factions of the Hippodrome; plagues in 445 and 446, the second following a famine; and a four-month series of earthquakes which levelled much of the city wall and killed thousands, causing another epidemic. This last struck in 447, just as Attila, having consolidated his power, again rode south into the empire through Moesia. The Roman army, under the Gothic magister militum Arnegisclus, met him on the river Vid and was defeated-though not without inflicting heavy losses. The Huns were left unopposed and rampaged through the Balkans as far as Thermopylae; Constantinople itself was saved by the intervention of the prefect Flavius Constantinus, who organized the citizenry to reconstruct the earthquake-damaged walls (and in some places, to construct a new line of fortification in front of the old). An account of this invasion survives: The barbarian nation of the Huns, which was in Thrace, became so great that more than a hundred cities were captured and Constantinople almost came into danger and most men fled from it. . . . And there were so many murders and blood-lettings that the dead could not be numbered. Ay, for they took captive the churches and monasteries and slew the monks and maidens in great numbers.

- Callinicus, in his Life of Saint Hypatius

"When evening began to draw in, torches were lighted, and two barbarians came forward in front of Attila and sang songs which they had composed, hymning his victories and his great deeds in war. And the banqueters gazed at them, and some were rejoiced at the songs, others became excited at heart when they remembered the wars, but others broke into tears those whose bodies were weakened by time and whose spirit was compelled to be at rest." Attila demanded, as a condition of peace, that the Romans should continue paying tribute in gold-and evacuate a strip of land stretching three hundred miles east from Sigindunum (Belgrade) and up to a hundred miles south of the Danube. Negotiations continued between Roman and Hun for approximately three years. The historian Priscus was sent as emissary to Attila's encampment in 448, and the fragments of his reports preserved by Jordanes offer the best glimpse of Attila among his numerous wives, his Scythian fool, and his Moorish dwarf, impassive and unadorned amid the splendor of the courtiers: A luxurious meal, served on silver plate, had been made ready for us and the barbarian guests, but Attila ate nothing but meat on a wooden trencher. In everything else, too, he showed himself temperate; his cup was of wood, while to the guests were given goblets of gold and silver. His dress, too, was quite simple, affecting only to be clean. The sword he carried at his side, the latchets of his Scythian shoes, the bridle of his horse were not adorned, like those of the other Scythians, with gold or gems or anything costly.

"The floor of the room was covered with woollen mats for walking on," Priscus noted.

During these three years, according to a legend recounted by Jordanes, Attila discovered the "Sword of Mars": The historian Priscus says it was discovered under the following circumstances: "When a certain shepherd beheld one heifer of his flock limping and could find no cause for this wound, he anxiously followed the trail of blood and at length came to a sword it had unwittingly trampled while nibbling the grass. He dug it up and took it straight to Attila. He rejoiced at this gift and, being ambitious, thought he had been appointed ruler of the whole world, and that through the sword of Mars supremacy in all wars was assured to him.

- Jordanes, The Origin and Deeds of the Goths ch. XXXV (e-text) Later scholarship would identify this legend as part of a pattern of sword worship common among the nomads of the Central Asian steppes.

Attila in the west
As late as 450, Attila had proclaimed his intent to attack the powerful Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse in alliance with Emperor Valentinian III. He had previously been on good terms with the western Empire and its de facto ruler Flavius Aetius-Aetius had spent a brief exile among the Huns in 433, and the troops Attila provided against the Goths and Bagaudae had helped earn him the largely honorary title of magister militum in the west. The gifts and diplomatic efforts of Geiseric, who opposed and feared the Visigoths, may also have influenced Attila's plans.

However Valentinian's sister Honoria, in order to escape her forced betrothal to a senator, had sent the Hunnish king a plea for help-and her ring-in the spring of 450. Though Honoria may not have intended a proposal of marriage, Attila chose to interpret her message as such; he accepted, asking for half of the western Empire as dowry. When Valentinian discovered the plan, only the influence of his mother Galla Placidia convinced him to exile, rather than kill, Honoria; he also wrote to Attila strenuously denying the legitimacy of the supposed marriage proposal. Attila, not convinced, sent an embassy to Ravenna to proclaim that Honoria was innocent, that the proposal had been legitimate, and that he would come to claim what was rightfully his.

Meanwhile, Theodosius having died in a riding accident, his successor Marcian cut off the Huns' tribute in late 450; and multiple invasions, by the Huns and by others, had left the Balkans with little to plunder. The king of the Salian Franks had died, and the succession struggle between his two sons drove a rift between Attila and Aetius: Attila supported the elder son, while Aetius supported the younger1. J.B. Bury believes that Attila's intent, by the time he marched west, was to extend his kingdom-already the strongest on the continent-across Gaul to the Atlantic shore2. By the time Attila had gathered his vassals-Gepids, Ostrogoths, Rugians, Scirians, Heruls, Thuringians, Alans, Burgundians, et al.-and begun his march west, he had declared intent of alliance both with the Visigoths and with the Romans.

In 451, his arrival in Belgica with an army said by Jordanes to be half a million strong soon made his intent clear. On April 7 he captured Metz, and Aetius moved to oppose him, gathering troops from among the Franks, the Burgundians, and the Celts. A mission by Avitus, and Attila's continued westward advance, convinced the Visigoth king Theodoric I (Theodorid) to ally with the Romans. The combined armies reached Orleans ahead of Attila, thus checking and turning back the Hunnish advance. Aetius gave chase and caught the Huns at a place usually assumed to be near Chalons-en-Champagne. The two armies clashed in the Battle of Chalons, which ended with a victory for the Gothic-Roman alliance, though Theodoric was killed in the fighting. Attila withdrew beyond the border, and the alliance quickly disbanded.

Invasion of Italy and death
Attila returned in 452 to claim his marriage to Honoria anew, invading and ravaging Italy along the way; his army sacked numerous cities and razed Aquileia completely, leaving no trace of it behind. Valentinian fled from Ravenna to Rome; Aetius remained in the field but lacked the strength to offer battle. Attila finally halted at the Po, where he met an embassy including the prefect Trigetius, the consul Aviennus, and Pope Leo I. After the meeting he turned his army back, having claimed neither Honoria's hand nor the territories he desired.

Several explanations for his actions have been proffered. The plague and famine which coincided with his invasion may have caused his army to weaken, or the troops that Marcian sent across the Danube may have given him reason to retreat, or perhaps both. Priscus reports that superstitious fear of the fate of Alaric-who died shortly after sacking Rome in 410-gave the Hun pause. Prosper of Aquitaine's pious "fable which has been represented by the pencil of Raphael and the chisel of Algardi" (so Gibbon) says that the Pope, aided by Saint Peter and Saint Paul, convinced him to turn away from the city.

Whatever his reasons, Attila left Italy and returned to his palace across the Danube. From there he planned to strike at Constantinople again and reclaim the tribute which Marcian had cut off. However, he died in the early months of 453; the conventional account, from Priscus, says that on the night after a feast celebrating his latest marriage (to a Goth named Ildico), he suffered a severe nosebleed and choked to death. His warriors, upon discovering his death, mourned him by cutting off their hair and gashing themselves with their swords so that, says Jordanes, "the greatest of all warriors should be mourned with no feminine lamentations and with no tears, but with the blood of men." He was buried in a triple coffin-of gold, silver, and iron-with the spoils of his conquest, and his funeral party was killed to keep his burial place secret. After his death, he lived on as a legendary figure: the characters of Etzel in the Nibelungenlied and Atli in the Volsunga saga were both loosely based on his life.

(An alternate story of his death, first recorded eighty years after the fact by the Roman chronicler Count Marcellinus, reports: "Attila rex Hunnorum Europae orbator provinciae noctu mulieris manu cultroque confoditur." ("Attila, King of the Huns and ravager of the provinces of Europe, was pierced by the hand and blade of his wife.")4 The Volsunga saga, probably following this story, claims that King Atli died at the hands of his wife Gudrun.5 Most scholars reject these accounts as no more than romantic fables, preferring instead the version given by Attila's contemporary Priscus.) His sons Ellak (his appointed successor), Dengizik, and Ernak fought over his legacy and, divided, were defeated and scattered the following year in the Battle of Nedao. Attila's empire did not outlast him.

Appearance, character, and name
The main source for information on Attila is Priscus, a historian who traveled with Maximin on an embassy from Theodosius II in 448. He describes the village the nomadic Huns had built and settled down in as the size of the great city with solid wooden walls. He described Attila himself as: "short of stature, with a broad chest and a large head; his eyes were small, his beard thin and sprinkled with gray; and he had a flat nose and a swarthy complexion, showing the evidences of his origin."

Attila is known in Western history and tradition as the grim "Scourge of God", and his name has become a byword for cruelty and barbarism. Some of this may arise from a conflation of his traits, in the popular imagination, with those perceived in later steppe warlords such as the Mongol Genghis Khan and Tamerlane: all run together as cruel, clever, and sanguinary lovers of battle and pillage. The reality of his character may be more complex. The Huns of Attila's era had been intermingling with Roman civilization for some time, largely through the Germanic foederati of the border-so that by the time of Theodosius's embassy in 448, Priscus could identify Hunnic, Gothic, and Latin as the three common languages of the horde. Priscus also recounts his meeting with an eastern Roman captive who had so fully assimilated into the Huns' way of life that he had no desire to return to his former country, and the Byzantine historian's description of Attila's humility and simplicity is unambiguous in its admiration.

The historical context of Attila's life played a large part in determining his later public image: in the waning years of the western Empire, his conflicts with Aetius (often called the "last of the Romans") and the strangeness of his culture both helped dress him in the mask of the ferocious barbarian and enemy of civilization, as he has been portrayed in any number of films and other works of art. The Germanic epics in which he appears offer more nuanced depictions: he is both a noble and generous ally, as Etzel in the Nibelungenlied, and a cruel miser, as Atli in the Volsunga Saga. Some national histories, though, always portray him favorably; in Hungary and Turkey the names of Attila and his last wife Ildik remain popular to this day.

The name Attila may mean "Little Father" in Gothic (atta "father" plus diminutive suffix -la) as many Goths were known to serve under Attila. It could also be of pre-Turkish (Altaic) origin (compare it with Atatürk and Alma-Ata, now called Almaty). It most probably originates from atta ("father") and il ("land"), meaning "Land-Father". Atil was also the Altaic name of the present-day Volga river which may have given its name to Attila.

Notes
This younger son may have been Merovech, founder of the Merovingian line, though the sources-Gregory of Tours and a later roster from the Battle of Chalons-are not conclusive.
J.B. Bury, The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians, lecture IX (e-text)
Later accounts of the battle place the Huns either already within the city or in the midst of storming it when the Roman-Visigoth army arrived; Jordanes mentions no such thing. See Bury, ibid.
Marcellinus, quoted in Hector Munro Chadwick: The Heroic Age (London, Cambridge University Press, 1926), p. 39 n. 1
Volsunga Saga, Chapter 39


References
Classical texts include:
Priscus: Byzantine History, available in the original Greek in Ludwig Dindorf : Historici Graeci Minores (Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1870) and available online as a translation by J.B. Bury: Priscus at the court of Attila
Jordanes: The Origin and Deeds of the Goths

Recommended modern works are:
Blockley, R.C.: The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire, vol. II (ISBN 0905205154) (a collection of fragments from Priscus, Olympiodorus, and others, with original text and translation)
C.D. Gordon: The Age of Attila: Fifth-century Byzantium and the Barbarians (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1960) is a translated collection, with commentary and annotation, of ancient writings on the subject (including those of Priscus).
J. Otto Maenchen-Helfen (ed. Max Knight): The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973) is a useful scholarly survey.
E. A. Thompson : A History of Attila and the Huns (London, Oxford University Press, 1948) is the authoritative English work on the subject. It was reprinted in 1999 as The Huns in the Peoples of Europe series (ISBN 0631214437). Thompson did not enter controversies over Hunnic origins, and his revisionist view of Attila read his victories as achieved only while there was no concerted opposition.


The Battle of Chalons, also called the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields or the Battle of the Catalun, occurred on September 20, 451 between the Roman general Aetius, assisted by the Visigoths under their king Theodorid and other foederati on one side, and the Huns led by their king Attila with their allies. The actual location of this battle is not known with certainty: Hodgkin, in his Italy and Her Invaders, stated the location to be near Mery-sur-Seine, but current consensus places the battlefield at Ch lons-en-Champagne.

Our principal source for this battle is the Gothic History of Jordanes, who admits that his work is an abridgement of Cassiodorus' own Gothic History, written between 526 and 533. However, the philologist Theodor Mommsen argued that Jordanes' detailed description of the battle was copied from the now lost writings of the Greek historian Priscus. Jordanes states that Attila was enticed by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, to wage war on the Visigoths, while simultaneously encouraging disharmony between the Visigoths and the Roman Empire. Despite Gaiseric's intrigues, upon Attila's invasion of Gaul, Aetius was able to secure the support of Theodorid and his army, as well as many independent peoples inhabiting Gaul. A common modern explanation for this unity against Attila is that the allied powers perceived Attila as their undeniable primary threat to existence.

Attila met no significant resistance until he reached Aureliani, present-day Orl ans. Sangiban, king of the Alans, whose realm included Aureliani, had promised to open the gates of this city to Attila, but the Romans learned of this ploy ahead of time and were able to not only occupy Aureliani in force, but force Sangiban's troops into joining the allied army. Upon meeting the Roman-led forces, Attila at first began to retreat back to his own lands, but finally decided to make a stand where the battle took place. Jordanes explains Attila's change of mind to his learning that the Patrician Aetius was present in the opposing force, and hoped that by fighting Aetius would be slain, even at the risk of his own life.

Both armies consisted of combatants from many people. Jordanes lists Aetius' allies as including (besides the Visigoths) both the Salic and Riparian Franks, Sarmatians, Armoricans, Liticians, Burgundians, Saxons, Olibrones (whom Jordanes describes as "once Roman soldiers and now the flower of the allied forces"), and other Celtic or German tribes. Attila had with him the Gepids under their king Ardaric, as well as an Ostrogothic army led by the brothers Valamir, Theodemir -- the father of the later Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great -- and Vidimer, scions of the Amali.

The night before the main battle, one of the Frankish forces on the Roman side encountered a band of the Gepids loyal to Attila. Jordanes records that this skirmish left 15,000 dead on either side.

The Catalaunian plain rose on one side by a sharp slope to a ridge, which dominated the battlefield, and became the center of the battle. The Huns first seized the right side of this ridge while the Romans seized the left, with the crest unoccupied in the between them. When the Hunnish forces attemped to seize this decisive position, they were foiled by the Roman alliance, whose troops had arrived first, and repulsed the Hunnish advance. The Hunnic warriors fled in disorder back into their own forces, thereby disordering the rest of Attila's army.

Attila attempted to rally his forces, struggling to hold his position. Meanwhile king Theodorid, while encouraging his own men in their advance, was killed in the assault without his men noticing. Jordanes states that Theodorid was thrown from his horse and trampled to death by his advancing men, but also mentions another story exists stating Theodorid was slain by the spear of the Ostrogoth Andag. Since Jordanes served as the notary of Andag's son Gunthigis, if this latter story is not true then it is certain that this version was a proud family claim.

The Visigoths outstripped the speed of their Alani charges them and fell upon Attila's own Hunnish household unit, forcing Attila to seek refuge in his own camp, which he had fortified with wagons. The Romano-Gothic assault apparently swept past the Hunnish camp in pursuit of the fleeing enemy troops, for when night fell and Thorismund, son of king Theodorid, was retiring to friendly lines, mistakenly entered Attila's encampment, where he was wounded in the ensuing melee before his followers could rescue him. Darkness also separated Aetius from own men, and fearing that disaster had befallen them, searched for his Gothic allies, and on finding them, with whom he spent the rest of the night.

On the following day, finding the battle fields "were piled high with bodies and the Huns did not venture forth", the Goths and Romans held a meeting on how to proceed. Knowing that Attila was low on provisions, and "was hindered from approaching by a shower of arrows placed within the confines of the Roman camp", they decided to besiege his camp. In this desperate situation, Attila remained unbowed and "heaped up a funeral pyre of horse saddles, so that if the enemy should attack him, he was determined to cast himself into the flames, that none might have the joy of wounding him and that the lord of so many races might not fall into the hands of his foes." During the siege of Attila's camp, the Visigoths went looking for their missing king, and Thorismund, the son of their king. After a long search, they found Theodrid's body beneath a mound of corpses, and bore him away with heroic songs in the sight of the enemy. Thorismund upon learning of his father's death, wanted to assault Attila's camp, but when he first conferred with Aetius, the Patrician had different advice. According to Jordanes, Aetius feared that if the Huns were completely destroyed by the Visigoths, then the Visigoths would break off their allegiance to the Roman Empire and become an even graver threat. So Aetius advised the Gothic king to quickly return home and secure the throne for himself, before his brothers could, which would force Thorismund into a war with his own countrymen. Thorismund quickly returned to Tolosa, present-day Toulouse, and became king without any resistance. On the Visigoth's withdrawal, Attila at first believed it to be a feigned retreat to draw his battered forces out into the open to be annihilated, and so remained within his defences for some time before he risked leaving his canton and at last returning to his homelands.

Jordanes' figure for the number of dead in this battle is 165,000, excluding the casualties of the Franko-Gepid skirmish previous to the main battle. Hydatius, a historian who lived at the time of Attila's invasion, reports the number of 300,000 dead. Both figures are suspiciously high, and modern historians suggest a number far lower.

One cannot deny that the number of combatants in this battle was large, far larger than any battle since Adrianople in 378, or any battle over the next several centuries. The large number of men, as well as their varied origins, left a deep impression on the minds of succeding generations. Add to this the progressive demonization of the Hunnish king Attila, who is often portrayed in contemporary entertainment as a medieval version of Adolf Hitler, and it is easy to see how this battle has become a decisive encounter of the forces of Good versus Evil. However, the battle itself was not decisive. The following year Attila invaded Italy, causing much destruction, only ending his campaign after Pope Leo I met with him at a ford of the river Minicio. On Attila's sudden death in 453, the Huns quickly vanished as a threat to the rest of Europe. Nor did the Roman Empire emerge from this victory more powerful, but instead likewise weakened but only more slowly than did the Huns, despite the assassinations of first Aetius, then emperor Valentinian III, followed by the sack of Rome by Gaiseric in 455. Despite these critical losses, a generation later there were still sufficient useful remains of the Western Roman Empire for the warlords to fight over.

The quotations from Jordanes in this article were taken from a 1915 translation by Charles Christopher Mierow of Princeton University.
 1251 - 1315 Fulk Fitzwarine 64 64 1210 - 1264 Fulk Fitzwarin 54 54 Princess Margaret, verch (meaning daughter) Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn, who married Sir Fulke Fitzwarin, who was summoned to Parliament as a baron June 23, 1295, to Oct. 12, 1314, and by him, who, with her, acquired the territory of Ballesley, was mother of Fulke, 2nd Baron, and Mable.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 361)

Fulke FitzWarine, who having distinguished himself in the Welsh wars, was summoned to Parliament as a Baron by King Edward I, June 23, 1295, and he had summons from that period to Oct. 24, 1314. His lordship was equally eminent in the wars of Scotland and Flanders, and was made a Knight of the Bath prior to attending Prince Edward into the former kingdom, in the expedition against Robert Bruce. Lord FitzWarine married the Princess Margaret, daughter of Griffith ap Wenwyn, Prince of Powis, 1274, and his wife Hawice, daughter of John le Strange, feudal lord of Knockyn and Cheswardine, County Salop. By the Princess Margaret he acquired the territory of Ballesly and, dying about 1314, was succeeded by his son Fulk
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 485)
 1215 Constance de Toeni 1246 Eugenia Fitzwarine 1286 Otho Grandison 1292 John Grandison 1252 Otis Grandison 1264 Agnes Grandison 1190 - 1265 Robert de Tregoz 75 75 Baron Tregoze of Lydiard Tregoze
Lord of Ewyas Harold
killed in battle

Sir Robert de Tregoze, eldest son and heir, succeeded his father in his immense Wiltshire and Hereford estates, and was Baron Tregoze of Lydiard Tregoze in former county and Lord of Ewyas Harold in the latter, in right of his mother. He did homage and had livery of his mother's estates in Hereford, 1236, paying œ100 for his relief. He was living 40th of Henry III, 1256, and two years afterward was summoned to march against the Welsh, but in joining the rebellious barons of this reign, the same year was slain at the Battle of Evesham, Aug. 4, 1265, having had to wife Juliana, daughter William, Lord Catilupe by Millicent, daughter of Hugh de Gournai. Which Juliana brought the manor of Great Dodington in Northampton into the Tregoze family and bore her husband two children. By Roll of Arms compiled between 1240 and 1245 we find that Robert bore "Gules 3 bars gemels or, a lion passant in the chief of the same. They had Lucy and John.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 445)
 1192 - 1285 Juliana de Cantilupe 93 93 1210 Lucy de Tregoz 1231 Alice de Tregoz 1287 - 1348 Agnes de Grandison 61 61 He [John de Northwode] married Agnes, daughter and [eventually in her issue] coheir of William GRANDISON [LORD GRANDISON], by Sibyl, younger daughter and coheir of Sir John TREGOZ [LORD TREGOZ]. He died v.p., before 8 September 1318. His widow was one of her father's executors, and died 4 December 1348.]

---

Note: Note: William Grandison had another daughter Agnes by his first wife, who m. Thomas Bardolf; but she was obviously a different Agnes because her death date was different (11 Dec 1357).
0804 Unruoch di Fruili 0812 Graf von der Betuwe Balderic 0814 Berenger de Toulouse 0747 Berenger of the East Franks 0985 - 1015 Ernst of Swabia 30 30 1060 Justizia of Austria 1056 Adelheid of Austria 1057 Adalbert of Windberg 0959 Agnes of Hungary 0961 Beatrix of Hungary 0891 Liuntin of Hungary 0892 Tarkacz of Hungary 0893 Jelek of Hungary 0894 Jutocz of Hungary 0940 - 0976 Pietro Candiano 36 36 0720 - 0780 Adalric d'Artois 60 60 0687 Ausbert d'Artois 0729 Thibaud d'Artois 0650 Adalbald d'Artois 0600 Adabald d'Artois 0560 Ricmar d'Artois 0560 Gertrude d'Ostrevant 0538 Adalric de Brandenbourg 0540 Richarianne d'Artois 0568 Sigebert de Ponthieu 0563 de Ponthieu 0500 - 0560 Ansbert de Brandenbourg 60 60 0492 Mathilde de Boulogne 0539 Wauthier d'Hainaut 0475 - 0535 Waudbert de Tournai 60 60 0482 Lucille de Pannonie 0501 Lucille Ferreolus de Tournai 0510 Brunulphe d'Ardennes 0513 - 0575 Waudbert de Lommois 62 62 0458 - 0516 Adalric d'Ardennes 58 58 0460 - 0518 Argotta des Ostrogothie 58 58 0430 - 0483 Chlodebaud von Koln 53 53 0453 - 0478 Amalaberge von Saxe 25 25 0453 Basin von Thuringen 0454 Sigebert von Koln 0401 - 0478 Clodoweg des Francs 77 77 0405 Wedelphe von Saxe 0379 - 0408 Wedelphus von Saxe 29 29 0380 Basina von Saxe 0401 Adalbert von Thuringen 0407 Basinus von Thuringen 0465 - 0491 Zenon L'Issurien de Pannonie 26 26 0426 - 0491 Zeno Tarasicodissa of Isauria 65 65 0450 - 0515 Ariadne of Byzantium 65 65 # Event: Empress Regent of Rome Acceded 491
# Note: After Zeno's death in 491, the Senate offically requested her to choose another candidate to rule and she married Anastasios I, who became emperor. -- Women of the World  0477 Helena of Byzantium 0405 Rusumblada of Isuaria 0407 Lallis of Isuaria 0428 Longinus of Isauria 0401 - 0473 Leo of Byzantium 72 72 0430 - 0484 Verina Flavia of Byzantine Empire 54 54 0455 Leontix of Byzantium 0463 Leo of Byzantium 0457 Leontia of Byzantium 0410 Flavius of Byzantine Empire 0437 Flavius of Byzantine Empire 0439 Armatus of Byzantine Empire 0445 - 0510 Clodgar de Therouanne 65 65 0450 Gania de Cornouaille 0474 Othilon de Moselgau 0480 - 0543 Haymon de Boulogne 63 63 0425 - 0459 Landbert de Therouanne 34 34 0427 Theudria de Boulogne 0446 Landbert de Therouanne 0402 Blesinde von Koln 0400 Walmar de Boulogne 0375 Erkembert de Ruten 0418 - 0464 Aldrien de Bretagne 46 46 0418 de Gaul 0440 Budig ap Aldrien 0445 Bican Farchog ap Aldrien 0448 - 0478 Erich ap Aldrien 30 30 0375 - 0460 Salomon de Bretagne 85 85 0375 Elen verch Patricius 0400 Custennin Constantine 0356 - 0434 Gradlon Mawr ap Cynan 78 78 0356 Tigridia Ingen Calpurnius 0380 Gwidol ap Gradlon 0340 - 0421 Cynan Meriadog ap Eudaf Hen 81 81 0340 - 0387 Dareca Ingen Calpurnius 47 47 0358 Urbien ap Cynan 0359 Ystrafael verch Cynan 0283 Eudaf Hen ap Einydd 0335 Gadeon ap Eudaf Hen 0339 Elen Lwyddog verch Eudaf Hen 0250 Einydd ap Gwrddwfn 0263 Ednyfed 0285 Caradoc ap Einydd 0310 Elen verch Einydd 0319 Arthfael ap Einydd 0215 Gwrddwfn ap Cwrrig Mawr 0252 Caradoc ap Gwrddwfn 0254 Arthfael ap Gwrddwfn 0180 Cwrrig Mawr ap Meirchion 0163 Meirchion ap Owain 0200 Morddu ap Meirchion 0116 Owain of Camulod 0311 Calpurnius na hEireann 0322 Conchess na hEireann 0290 Ochbas na hEireann 0356 Tigridia Ingen Calpurnius 0273 Potitus na hEireann 0247 Odissus na hEireann 0223 Connudh na hEireann 0194 Leobut na hEireann 0233 Marchudd na hEireann 0166 Meurig Merc na hEireann 0128 Oda na hEireann 0098 Orc na hEireann 0057 Meurig na hEireann 0022 Orc na hEireann 7 B.C. Leo na hEireann 38 B.C. Maximus na hEireann 73 B.C. Othrag na hEireann 107 B.C. Encrede na hEireann 141 B.C. Erise na hEireann 168 B.C. Siarklotus na hEireann 193 B.C. Jasna Philiste 188 B.C. Ferine na hEireann 0330 - 0380 Patricius Flavius 50 50 0300 Avitus di Roma 0510 Richard d'Artois 0467 - 0510 Richard d'Arras 43 43 0434 - 0467 Ragnacaire de Cambrai 33 33 0465 Ragnomner de Cambrai 0466 Ragnacaire de Cambrai 0515 Theutbald de Cambrai 0480 - 0543 Haymon de Boulogne 63 63 0500 Maurianne d'aquitaine 0520 Wadon de Cambrai 1012 - 1045 Gerold de Geneva 33 33 Sources:
Citation Text: Date of Import: Dec 12, 2001 http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=6077128&pid=-1350140653
 
  1025 Faucigny Thietburge 0985 - 1016 Aimon de Vienne 31 31 Sources:
Citation Text: Date of Import: Dec 12, 2001 http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=6077128&pid=-1350140653  1040 - 1060 Louis de Faucigny 20 20 1036 Tetburge de Savoy 1000 Aimeraud de Faucigny 1005 Aalgut 1065 - 1130 Ulrich von Neuenburg 65 65 1085 von Neuenburg 1030 - 1099 Rudolph von Neuenburg 69 69 Sources:
Abbrev: Lloyd A. Horrocks' Rootsweb GEDCOM
Title: Horrocks, Lloyd A., Rootsweb GEDCOM. (Horrocks.2@osu.edu)  Ulrich von Neuenburg Sources:
Abbrev: Lloyd A. Horrocks' Rootsweb GEDCOM
Title: Horrocks, Lloyd A., Rootsweb GEDCOM. (Horrocks.2@osu.edu)
1134 - 1186 Berthold Herzog von Zahringen 52 52 1145 Heilwich von Frohburg D. 1227 Anna von Zahringen 0867 - 0924 Unruoch Friuli 57 57 1071 - 1102 Gebhard von Diessen 31 31 1075 - 1130 Richilda von Sponheim 55 55 1071 Adelheid von Sulzbach 1031 - 1098 Arnulf von Diessen 67 67 1003 Friedrich of Diessen 1003 Irmgard von Gilching 1025 Hadagunda Bogen von Diessen 0968 - 1027 Arnold von Gilching 59 59 0968 Ermengarde 0955 Meginhard von Gilching 0971 von Bayern 0920 - 0987 Meginhard der Mangfall 67 67 0938 von Bayern 0895 - 0950 Pilgrim Sempt 55 55 0942 - 0990 Bertold von Bayern 48 48 0942 - 0990 Bertold von Bayern 48 48 0955 de Lorraine 0918 - 0984 Friedrich von Aachen 66 66 0938 Beatrice de Paris 0947 William 0949 - 1024 Emma Venaissin 75 75 0925 - 0949 Ermengarde of Provence 24 24 0923 - 1008 Rotbold of Provence 85 85 Rotbold
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=document&guid=1a28daa6-4182-4fd8-a1d4-20e097dbdffc&tid=1579964&pid=-1458494921
 0953 - 0985 Dietrich von Haldensleben 32 32 Bernard of the Saxon Nordmark Benno Sources:
Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
Title: Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Publication: 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
Berhard Sources:
Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
Title: Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Publication: 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
Dietrich Sources:
Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
Title: Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Publication: 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
Ezred Sources:
Abbrev: Royalty for Commoners
Title: Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa
Author: Roderick W. Stuart
Publication: 3rd ed., 1998, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD
0930 - 0980 Brunon von Braunschweig 50 50 0940 - 1000 Hildeswinde of Croatie 60 60 1225 Henry de Tregoz 1055 - 1119 William de Faucigny 64 64 1018 Adelaide of Albon & Grenoble 1002 Amadeo of Savoy 0285 Gereint ap Einudd Sources:

   1. Page: This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was
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      Text: http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=3997&pid=-1278855842  0300 Luyddog Pons de Cuiseaux Renaud de Cuiseaux 0810 Balderic de Betuwe Sources:

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      Name: Footnote
      Name: ShortFootnote
      Name: Bibliography  0955 Albert de Geneva 0959 Eldegarde 0987 Bertha de Flanders 1020 Gisela de Burgundy 1080 - 1127 Peter von Glane 47 47 1054 Ulrich von Glane 1060 Rilensa Villars- Valbert 1030 Konrad von Ohlringnen 1000 Bucco 1100 - 1151 Conrad von Zahringen 51 51 Adalbert von Zahringen 1123 Hermann von Frohburg 0867 - 0924 Unruoch Friuli 57 57 0913 Arnulf of Bavaria He rebelled against Otto I King of Germany in 954, aiming to re-establish his family's position in Bavaria but was killed in the first siege of Regensburg.

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Sources:

   1. Type: Web Site
      Author: c Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
      Title: Medieval Lands
      URL: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/index.htm  0882 - 0919 Wigerich von Aachen 37 37 0890 Kunigunde 1040 - 1108 Heinrich von Quinzigau 68 68 1045 - 1087 Adelheid von Formbach 42 42 1010 - 1040 Thiemo von Formbach 30 30 1012 - 1065 von Braunschweig 53 53 0990 - 1049 Thiemo de Formbach 59 59 0980 - 1050 von Kinziggau 70 70 0960 - 1003 Berthold Lurngau 43 43 0937 Himiltrude 0930 - 0995 Udalrich von Lurngau 65 65 0948 Kunigunde von Bayern 0890 - 0947 Berthold van Wittelsbach 57 57 0890 - 0947 Berthold van Wittelsbach 57 57 0788 - 0832 Luitpold Gaugraf der Glan 44 44 Sources:

   1. Title: OneWorldTree
      Author: Ancestry.com
      Publication: - Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc.
      Note:

      Note:
   2. Title: OneWorldTree
      Author: Ancestry.com
      Publication: - Provo, UT, USA: MyFamily.com, Inc.
      Note: http://awtc.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=vogel&id=I6791
      Note:
      Text: ID: I6791 Name: Luitpold Gaugraf an der Glan Sex: M Birth: VOR 788 Death: NACH 832Marriage 1 Spouse UnknownChildrenErnst I Markgraf im Nordgau b: VOR 826  0770 - 0819 Chadaloh of Swabia 49 49 0771 of Friuli 0747 - 0802 Berthold of Swabia 55 55 Erchanger von Sulmetingen Erchanger von Breisgau Abt. 1 B.C. - 0079 Joses 0855 - 0905 Konrad von Lahngau 50 50 Glismut of Saxony 0799 - 0827 Amadeus de Bourgogne 28 28 ~1255 - 1335 William de Grandison 80 80 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com

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Sir William de Grandison of Asperton, County Hereford, was in service of Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. He was excepted from military duty in Gascony in 1294, in which year he appears as Governor of Jersey and Guernsey. He was summoned to Parliament from Feb. 6, 1208, to Oct. 10, 1325, by writs directed to Willimo de Grandisono, whereby he is held to have become Lord Grandison, and was present at a meeting of Parliament April 5, 1305, at the house of his brother, Otis de Grandison Archbishop of York in Westmenster. He was summoned to the Coronation of Edward II Jan. 18, 1307. Having been summoned for military service in 1322, he did not attend the muster, and his lands were seized; but the absence being due to severe illness, license was given him to remain at home for the more speedy restoration of his health, provided that he sent at least six men-at-arms for the expedition. On Sept. 20, 1329, he had respite of homage until Easter following as the King had learnt that he was so infirm and aged that he was unable to come. He was, however, summoned July 12, 1332, to be with the King at Michaelmas and take passage to Ireland on the expedition there. He married in or before 1285 Sybil, younger daughter of Sir John Tregoze of Ewyas, by his first wife Mabel, daughter of Fulke FitzWarine. On Nov. 26, 1300, it was ordered that the lands of Sir John Tregoze should be divided between William de Grandison and wife and the other co-heir they having done homage. Partition took place Dec. 1, 1300, by mutual assent. His wife died June 27, 1335.
William de Grandison was younger brother of Sir Otho de Grandison, who was Secretary to Edward I, and afterwards Lord Grandison. William was originally a menial servant to Edmund, Lord Pancaster, and obtained from that Prince in consideration for his own faithful services and the services of his ancestors a grant of the Manors of Radley and Menstreworth, County Gloucester. In the 20th of Edward I, 1292, he procured a license to make a castle of his home at Asperton, County Here ford, and in two years afterwards he was in the expedition made into Gascony, where he continued for some time, and while so engaged was summoned to Parliament as a Baron. He was afterwards engaged in the Scottish wars. His Lordship married Sibilla, daughter of Sir John Tregoze, and upon partition of the lands of that inheritance acquired the Manors of Burnham, County Somerset, and Eton in Herefordshire. He had issue by this lady three sons and three daughters: Peter, his successor, 2nd Baron Grandison; John, Bishop of Exeter; Otho, a distinguished soldier; Mabella married Sir John Patteshull; Katherine, of whom further; Agnes married Sir John Northwode.
(Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 446)

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SIR WILLIAM DE GRANDISON, of Ashperton, co. Hereford, &c.,younger brother of Otes DE GRANDISON, was in the service of Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. On 4 November 1288 he had letters of protection when remaining in Wales in order to fortify the castle of Carnarvon, and was still there 6 November 1289, taking the place of his brother, Otes de Grandison. On 3 May 1292 he had licence to strengthen his house of Ashperton with a wall of stone and lime and to crenellate it. He was excepted from military service in Gascony in 1294, in which year he appears as governor of Jersey and Guernsey for his brother. He was summoned to Carlisle for Military Service 26 September (1298). He was summoned to Parliament from 6 February 1298/9 to 10 October 1325, by writs directed Willelmo de Grandisono, whereby he is held to have become LORD GRANDISON; and was present at a meeting of Parliament, 5 April 1305 at the house of his brother, Otes de Grandison, Archbishop of York, in Westminster. He was summoned again for Military Service and to various Councils from 7 May 1299 to 21 March 1332/3. He was in Gascony with Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, before 1 January 1295/6, when his lands were restored to him, seized by the Crown on an order to take all lands, &c.,of alien laymen of the power of France, but William de Grandison was still in the King's faith. He was present at the siege of Carlaverock in July 1300. He was summoned to the Coronation of Edward II, 18 January 1307/8. On 23 February 1309/10 he had letters of protection on going beyond the seas. In 1318 the Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem complained that William de Grandison and Piers, his son, and Otes, brother of Piers, and others had broken into his houses at Dartford in Kent and robbed and assaulted, to which accusation there was a counterclaim by William de Grandison that there had been theft of his goods there. Having been summoned for Military Service in 1322, he did not attend the muster, and his lands were seized; but the absence being due to severe illness, licence was given him to remain at home for the more speedy restoration of his health, provided that he sent at least 6 men-at-arms for the expedition. He had letters of protection going to Ireland 16 June 1327, and on 20 September 1329 had respite of homage till Easter following, as the King had learnt that he was so infirmand aged that he was unable to come. He was, however, summoned, 12 July 1332, to be with the King at Michaelmas and take passage to Ireland on the expedition there.

He married, in or before 1285, Sibyl, younger daughter and coheir of Sir John TREGOZ, of Ewyas Harold, &c. [LORD TREGOZ],by his 1st wife, Mabel, daughter of Sir Fulk FITZWARIN. On 26 November 1300 it was ordered that the lands of Sir John Tregoz should be divided between William de Grandison and his wife and the other coheir, they having done homage. The partition took place 21 December 1300 by mutual assent, but, after petitions concerning the knights' fees of Ewyas Harold, a final partition was made 29 October 1302. His wife died 21 October 1334, and was buried at Dore Abbey. He died 27 June 1335, and was presumably also buried at Dore Abbey. [Complete Peerage VI:60-2,(transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

Note: CP doesn't mention any previous marriage to Blanche Savoie here, except in note (i), but does in volume I:418. In note (i)VI:61-2, CP gives evidence of a previous marriage of William (with two sons) to an unnamed wife, who I suppose is the Blanche de Savoie mentioned in I:418 as mother of one of the daughters Agnes.

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Note: Since CP refers to brother Otes, who has the informationon the ancestry of William & Otes, I include part of the CP article for Otes (who also became a Baron and lived in Westminster) below:

SIR OTES DE GRANDISON was most probably son and heir. of Pierre DE GRANSON, SEIGNEUR DE GRANSON on the Lake of Neufchƒtel, by Agnes, daughter of Ulric, COMTE DE NEUFCHATEL, a grandson of Ebal IV, SEIGNEUR DE GRANSON (b).

(b) Pedigrees differ, sometimes his father being given as Guillaume and sometimes Pierre. On the other hand, M.L. de Charriere (whose work seems to be the most authentic), in 'Les Dynastes de Grandison', gives Amadee Seigneur de Granson (d.1300), as father of Otes and William de Grandison, by his wife Benoite de la Tour de Gerenstein. The last 'piece justicative' of this work is of date 1258 and there is no actual authority for the statement, without which it is almost impossible to overlook the fact of the entry in the Grandison breviary [in which William's (probably this William's) mother is said to be Agnes].

Note: Playing it safe, I am going with M.L. de Charriere's ancestry. It has Pierre and Agnes as grandparents.

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William de Grandison (younger brother of Sir Otho de Grandison, secretary to King Edward I, and afterwards Lord Grandison), being originally a menial servant to Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, obtained from that prince, in consideration of his own faithful services and the services of his ancestors, a grant of the manors of Radley and Menstreworth, co. Gloucester. In the 20thEdward I [1292], he procured license to make a castle of hishouse at Asperton, co. Hereford, and in two years afterwards hewas in the expedition made into Gascony, where he continued for some time and, while so engaged, was summoned to parliament as a baron. He was afterwards engaged in the Scottish wars.

His lordship m. Sibilla, youngest dau. and fo-heiress of Sir John de Tregoz, and upon partition of the lands of that inheritance, acquired the manors of Burnham, co. Somerset, and Eton, in Herefordshire. He had issue by this lady, viz., Peter, John, Otho, Mabella, Katherine, and Agnes. His lordship d. before 1335 and was s. by his eldest son, Peter de Grandison, 2nd baron. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 242, Grandison, Barons Grandison]

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Sources:
Title: AFN:
Abbrev: AFN:
Title: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Abbrev: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Author: Paul B. McBride
Title: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson, Lockwood, Strong, Gates and ancestors
Abbrev: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson,
Author: Lloyd A. Horocks
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber
Title: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650
Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New
Author: Frederick Lewis Weis
Publication: Genealogical Publishing, Inc. Sixth Edition, 1988
Title: Royal Genealogy
Abbrev: Royal Genealogy
Author: Brian Tompsett
Publication: 1994-1999
Title: Tudor Place
Abbrev: Tudor Place
Author: Jorge H. Castelli
 0940 - 0997 Géza Arpad of Hungary 57 57 Géza of Hungary (born around 940-945, died 997) (Slovak: Gejza), grand prince of the Magyars (ruled from around 972-997) was great-grandson of the Arpad who gave his name to the ruling dynasty. He was accepted as "King of Hungary" by Otto I in 972.

Geza permitted Christian missionaries to come to his country, was baptized in 985 (other sources say 972 by bishop Bruno of Sankt Gallen), and permitted his son and successor Stephen to be baptized as well.

Although he was mainly accepted as a christianised king he stayed pagan in heart. Nevertheless he changed his political views and started peace talks with all the surrounding emperors to stabilize the country, and followed his father's intentions to stop raids to the surrounding areas.

His wife was called Sarolt and in the last years of Geza she had a strong influence on the leadership of the country.

Geza was the son of Taksony, prince of Magyars and his wife, a daughter von Kumanien.

Geza had a brother named Michael of Hungary born in 955 at Esztergom, who became Regent of Poland and died about 978.

Geza's father Taksony was the son of Zoltan of Hungary, Prince of Magyars (896 - 949), who in turn was the son of Arpad.



Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell
      Title: Marlyn Lewis, Ahnentafel for Margery Arundell (08 Oct 1997)
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: gives him title of Grand Prince, not King, no parents
   2. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0935 - 0977 Dobravy of Bohemia 42 42 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002
   2. Abbrev: Aiken, Tom
      Title: Aiken, Tom
      Note:
      Call number:

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