Pergamum, also known as Pergamon or Pergamos, ancient city of northwest Asia Minor, in Mysia (now Turkey), and later capital of the kingdom of Pergamum. The city acquired prominence when the Macedonian general Lysimachus chose its acropolis as a stronghold for his treasures, which he entrusted to the governor, Philetaeros. On the death of Lysimachus, Philetaeros became the ruler of Mysia and Troas. His nephew Eumenes I (reigned 263-241BC) developed the resources and prosperity of the kingdom. Eumenes' cousin and successor, Attalus I Soter, who reigned from 241 to 197BC, became master of northwestern Asia Minor through his victories over the Gauls and the Seleucid king Antiochus III, the Great, and allying himself with the power of Rome. Attalus made his capital the artistic and literary center of Asia Minor.