General Notes

[1748129.ged]
Custom Field:<_FA#> Ruled 1057-1093

Married:  Margaret

Children:

1.    Edward
2.    Edmund I of Scotland
3.Ethelred
4.    Edgar of Scotland  b. ABT 1074
5,    Alexander I of Scotland  b. 1078
6.    Matilda (edith) of Scotland  b. 1079 in Dunfermline, Scotland
7.    David I of Scotland   b. ABT 1084 in Scotland
8.    Mary of Scotland



Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland (1057-93); son of Duncan I; successor to MACBETH. In aid of Edgar Atheling, pretender to the English throne, Malcolm waged wars against England that helped ensure Scottish independence and made possible church reorganization by his wife, Margaret of Scotland.  Some say died 1098. Slew Macbeth 1057. King of Strathclyde.  Colonial and Revolutionary Lineages of America (973 D2ah) Vol. 2 Called Ceannmor or Canmore, succeeded to the throne of Scotland by the defeat of Macbeth in 1054. During his reign he carried on almost constant warfare, most of which was successful. He gave support to his brother-in-law, Eadgar Atheling, in fighting William the Conqueror in Northumbria. In 1072 William invaded Scotland and succeeded in a temporary conquest of the country, returnin to England after Malcolm did homage. Later, in 1091, Malcolm raided Northern England, in return for which William Rufus invaded Scotland and once more Malcolm did homage. In 1092, when in Gloucester, England, he declined to do homage and returned to Scotland in anger. He invaded Northumberland in 1093, but was ambuscaded near the Castle of Alnwick and slain.   Malcolm married Ingibiorg, daughter of Finn Amasson, widow of Thorlinn, Jarl of Orkney, When she died, he married St. Margaret. One source I have says she was the daughter of Edward Atheling, two others say she was the sister of Edward Atheling. Most likely she was the sister of Atheling and was the great-niece of Edward the Confessor. Duncan II was Malcolm' s son by first marriage. Other sons were Edgar 1098-1107, Alexander 1107-1124 (married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I) and David I (The Saint) 1124-1153. These were children by the second marriage with Margaret. They had six sons in all.  David I had a son Henry, the Earl of Huntingdon, who was never on the throne. He and his wife, Ada, had Malcolm IV (The Maiden) who ruled from 1153 to 1165 and William I (The Lion) who ruled from 1165 to 1214. William's son Alexander II (1214-1249 married Joan, the daughter of John, King of England. His son Alexander III ruled from 1249-1286 and married Margaret, the daughter of Henry III, King of England. Their child, Margaret married the King of Norway and had Margaret, the Maid of Norway who was crowned from 1286-1290.  The reign of Malcolm III, or Canmore as he was known, began the rule of the house of Canmore. This house continued to preside for over two centuries. Canmore means big head or great chief. After the defeat of his father, Malcolm took refuge with his uncle in Northumbir and acquired Anglo-Sxon attitudes. Margaret, his second wife, had a lot of influence over him and through her he substituted Saxon for Gaelic as the court language. His dream was to expand his kingdom into England but this was not to be as William the Conqueror advanced into Scotland in 1072. He made jeweled bindings for her religious books although he could not read them.  Margaret was a much loved and very devout queen. She had travelled widely in Europe and when she came to Scotland she was determined to change the manner of the court both in fashion and standards of behavior. Nobles were forbidden to fight or get drunk at court and she gave each noble his own drinking cup. Margaret was allowed to use her husband's money to help the poor by giving them food, shelter and clothing. She also encouraged trade with foreign merchants. Under her influence, life became more civilized. She also founded many monasteries and tried to bring her Roman Church close together with the Celtic church. Margaret was canonized in 1251.  Malcolm's son was taken as hostage to the English court. In later years, 1093, he decided to invade England for the 5th time. Magaret was very ill in Edinburgh Castle and begged him not to got but he would not listen. Soon after the fighting commenced, he was killed.   Margaret received the news four days later, and being on her deathbed herself, died almost immediately. Soon after his death, Edinburgh Castle was surrounded by Highlanders employed by Donald Bane, Malcolm III's brother, who planned to capture the castle and thus enable him to become king. His plan was to kill his nephews, Margaret's sons, or to put them in prison. The brothers were trapped. They had to take their mother's body to Dumferline to be buried and didn't know how they were to manage. By good fortune or a freak of nature a heavy white mist descended upon the castle and it was so dense that they were able to sneak past the Highlanders with their mother's body. They then made their escape to France. Malcolm had ruled for 35 years but the stability he had gained for Scotland disappeared after his death. A succession of kings followed.  St. Margaret  After Malcolm's death, the frontier between Scotland and England for the first time was defined.Malcolm III, Canmore MacDuncan \mek-'den-ken\. Surnamed Canmore. c.1031-1093. King (1058-93). Son of Duncan I; with help of Siward defeated (1054) and killed Macbeth, his first cousin, once removed (1057); m. (1070) Margaret of Scotland ( q.v. ); did homage to William the Conqueror (1072); carried on war with England; with Margaret, started transition from Celtic culture and Columbian religious rites to feudal system and Roman ritual; killed while raiding Northumberland. Funk + Wagnall's Encyclopedia Malcolm fathered four sons. Æthelred, or Aedh in the Gaelic, was the oldest and became Abbot of Dunkeld and later Earl of Fife. Upon Malcolm's death, Aedh was barred from the throne either because he was an Abbot or too old. At any rate his younger brothers ascended to the throne. Aedh became the First Earl of Fife probably as a result of his marriage to the sister of the King of Moray, which included the Kingdom of Fife. The King of Moray was also the Chief of the Clan Duff.

MALCOLM III (r. 1058-93)
Malcolm Canmore ('great head' or 'chief') was the eldest son of Duncan I. After his father's death, he found refuge in England with his uncle Siward of Northumbria, where he stayed for more than 14 years.   His first wife was Ingibjorg, widow of Earl Thorfinn of Orkney. She died, and in about 1070 he married Margaret, great-niece of King Edward the Confessor of England. She had sought refuge in Scotland with her brother, Edgar the Atheling (Anglo-Saxon heir to the English throne), when William I excluded him from the English succession.   Margaret had a strong influence over her husband, who revered her piety and secretly had jewel-encrusted bindings made for her religious books, which he himself was unable to read, never having learned to do so. He also substituted Saxon for Gaelic as the court language. According to Margaret's biographer, she corresponded with Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, brought Benedictine monks to Dunfermline and did away with local usages in the Scottish Church. Margaret also began building what was later to be known as St Margaret's Chapel, situated on the highest part of Edinburgh Castle.
Malcolm was determined to extend his kingdom southwards and take advantage of the upheaval caused by the Norman Conquest. Making the excuse that he was supporting the claim to the English throne of his brother-in-law Edgar Atheling, Malcolm invaded England five times (he was a formidable warrior-king, having killed his two predecessor kings).   Three times defeated, Malcolm was forced under the treaty of Abernethy in 1072 to become 'the man' of the English king and give up his son Duncan as a hostage. Malcolm and his eldest son were finally killed in battle at Alnwick, Northumberland on 13 November 1093, aged about 62. His wife died when they brought her the news at Edinburgh Castle. She was canonised in 1249.
After Malcolm's death, the frontier between the kingdoms of Scotland and England was clearly defined for the first time. Anglo-Norman influence in Scotland was promoted by the subsequent marriages of Malcolm's sons to English brides.