Crouchback, (because of the cross he wore on his back). was born January 16, 1244/45 in Londo n England, forth son of King Henry III. He was the 1st Earl of Lancaster. He married 1 Avel ine Fortibus, daughter of William Fortibue, but all his children were by his second wife an d shortly before October 23 1276, he married 2 Blanch of Artois, widow of Henry, King of Nava rre, and daughter of Robert, Count of Artois, son of King Louis VIII of France. She died i n Paris, May 2, 1302. They had the following children.