1535944

[MARSHALL.FTW]

SOURCE NOTES:
Agamov, Alexander, posting to GEN-MEDIEVAL "Rurik, Prince of Kiev," 12/1/96,
agamov@@com2com.ru, Moscow, Russia.

Moncreiffe, Sir Ian of that Ilk, Royal Highness: Ancestors of the Royal Child.
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1982. NYPL ARF 83-3293.

Moriarty, George Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen
Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS
Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555.

Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Euroopaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte
der europaischen Staaten, New Series, Marburg: J.A. Stargardt, 1978-.

Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John
Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9.

Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, 6th Edition,
Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1988.
RESEARCH NOTES:
Grand Prince of Kiev [Ref: Weis AR #241]

a Scandinavian; founder of the Russian empire [Ref: Watney #853]
prob a Danish Viking [Ref: Weis AR #241]

after 855: expelled from Frisia; Rurick the norse ruler of Novogorad was
probably identical with Roric of Fresia, son of Halfdan the Norseman who was
made Margrave of Frisia and died in 831. This Rorick was deprived after the
death of the Emperor Lothar (855) and probably turned Viking and going to
Russia established himself at Novgorod. [Ref: Moriarty p52]

c862: invaded Russia, and made Novogorod his capital [Ref: Watney #853]

862: invited by the arangians to Rus to become first Prince of Novgorod [Ref:
Moncreiffe p103]

For a long time the problem of Ruruk's origin was rather political than simply
historical one. Have you heard anything about "Norman theory?" It's a
discussion that has lasted for almost 250 years in Russia. The heart of the
probloem is if Rurik was the founder of state organization in ancient Russia
(Kiev Russia) or aborigines had built it before. I mention this only to say
that an ideological aspect put off the decision of Rurik problem for many
years.
First of all about Rurik origin. Historians base on the text of the most
early chrinicle reached us: "The Nestor's Letopis." It was created in the
middle of 12th century by monk of Kievo-Pechorski abbey. According to this
document inhabitants of Novgorod, a city of Northern Russia, invited Rurik to
rule in this city to defend against other Norman sea-robbers. It happened in
862.
The chronicle informas that Rurik took Ladoga, a very small town near
Novgorod. After death of his two brothers, Sineus and Thruvor in 864, he got
their possessions, Beloozero ("White lake") and Izborsk. Novgorod became
Rurik's capital. There he died in 879. The chronicle says he gave the
government to his relative Oleg as his son Igor was child. Such way, in
accordance with Nestor chronical the beginning of Rurikovichi shows as:
Rurik, father of Igor (d 945) father of Svjatoslav (b Jul 942 d 972 m
Predslava of Ungarn) father of Jaropolk (b 961 d 980) Oleg (b 962 d 977) and
Wladimir (d Jul 15 1015).
In 18th century Russian historian Tatishev in his "History of Russian State"
named Rurik's wife, Efanda (sometimes Ingrid) of Urman. He informed also some
interesting details about first Russian princes but unfortunately the
documents which he used didn't reached us: they were lost while Napolean's
invasion in 1812.
The chronicle says that Rurik came with his brothers, Sineus and Thuvor.
Now it's proven that their names are wrong-translated into Russian (by Nestor
or any of his predecessors). Scandinaian words "sine hus" (with his hause) and
"truy voring" (with loyal guard). So Rurik was alone, without any brothers.
In 1920s it was expressed an opinion that Rurik of Kiev is the same Rorik of
Denmark (or of Friesland). That person was one of three sons of Halvdan,
konig of Jutland. Halvdan had to leave his country ab. 782 and then he
received Frisie enfeoff from Charlemagne. Rorik had part in christining of
his brother Harald in Ingelheim upon Rhein, near Mainz (826). Harald came
with his family, and maybe his family, and Rorik too, were baptized. Halvdan
had three sons: Harald ,Rorik, and Hemming, and this fact conforms to story
about two brothers of Rurik of Kiev. The time of action coincides (first
half-middle of 9th century). There are also other coincidences. At that
time, in accordance with Snorry Sturluson "Royal sagas" (begin of 13th
century) we have in Norway konung Halvdan and his wife Ragnhilde, who had son
Harald Finehairs. Snorry says that before Harald was born his mother had a
dream: she saw luxuriant tree (speaking about future strong dynasty). The
same legend said us Tatishev based on the losed documents. Tatishev tells
about a certain Russian Prince Gostomysl, whose daughter Urmila was mother of
Rurik of Kiev. She also had the such dream. Probably the Russian chronicle
based on any Scandinavian one, more earlier. Russian phililogist Srezevskiy,
an outstanding expert of Slav languages in 19th century, considered that
"Gostomysl" is neither Russian nor Eastslav name, it was widespread where
WestBaltic Slavs lived. We even know a certain Gostomysl who was mentioned in
"Fuld annales" in 844. The same time again! Last time Rorik of Jutland was
mentioned in 882 as dead and Russian chronicle says that he died in 879.
The difference is that Western annales inform he died in Frisie, his fief
received from Charles the Bald, and Russian one in Novgorod. But we have real
reasons to think that Rurik of Kiev and Rorik of Jutland are the same.
But answering another question, if Rurik was the founder of the first
Russian dynasty, we have to say no. The story about Rurik gave his power to
Oleg is fantasy. Oleg and Igor (that time a child) didn't even try to stay in
Novgorod, their native city, and at once moved to Kiev through Smolensk. It
was unlogical step, because Kiev and Novgorod were bitterest enemies. The
most documents of 12-15th centuries didn't know Rurik, they originate
Rurikovichi from Igor of Kiev. Name Rurik wasn't widespread in princely
house, only at the close of 11th century we can see the first prince Rurik by
name. [Ref: Alexander Agamov 12/1/96]
SOURCE NOTES:
father: [Ref: Moncreiffe p103, Moriarty p52]
SOURCE NOTES:
date: [Ref: Moriarty p52, Watney #853, Weis AR #241] occ (862/879) [Ref: ES II
#128]