Toái was born in 1795. Toái's father was Huy and his mother was Lai Nghiêm Bá. He had four brothers and two sisters, named Huân, Thụy, Tụy, Lương, Viêm and Chép. He died due to giỗ 27/3 âm lịch at the age of 55 in 1850 in Đống Đa. He was buried in Đống Đa.