Antony, Mark (83?-30 BC), Roman statesman and general, who defeated the assassins of Julius Caesar and helped form the Second Triumvirate, which ended the Roman Republic. Antony was born in Rome and served as a cavalry leader in Palestine, Egypt, and Gaul. At the outbreak of the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, Antony served as Caesar's commander in chief in Italy. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, Antony, Gaius Octavius (later the Roman emperor Augustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, formed the Second Triumvirate and divided the Roman Empire among themselves. Although Antony married Octavius's sister Octavia, he continued to carry on a love affair with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. Octavius used this to excite indignation in Rome against Antony. When the Parthians defeated a military expedition led by Antony in 36 BC, civil war broke out. In 31 BC the naval forces of Octavius defeated the combined forces of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. The following year, besieged by the troops of Octavius in Alexandria, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide.
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