General Notes

Edward I, King of England, surnamed Longshanks.  As prince he was leader of a reconstituted royalist party, with a more liberal and national spirit, and in 1264 took part in the fighting between the King and the barons.  He was taken prisoner at Lewes, but escaped and defeated Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester.  For the rest of his father's reign he controlled policy and appropriated enough of Leicester's ideals not to make the royalist restoration a reaction.  He engaged in a crusade in 1272, reaching the city of Acre, and was crowned on his return home in 1274.  At the beginning of his reign he devoted his attention to legislation, based on the principle that to be successful his policy must be popular.  From 1275 to 1290 nearly every year was marked by the enacting of an important law.  The general effect of his work was to eliminate feudalism in political life, to limit church courts to ecclesiastical matters, and to stop the sending of tribute to Rome.  In 1295 he convoked what has been called the Model Parliament, because it first illustrated the type which was to be perpetuated in all subsequent Parliaments. In foreign policy he was energetic.  Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, continued to evade doing homage and Edward invaded that country in 1277, forcing Llewelyn to surrender.  In 1282 he completed his conquest and later issued the Statute of Wales, providing a scheme of government for North Wales.  The death of Margaret, heir to the Scottish throne, led to a disputed succession and the Scots asked Edward to arbitrate between the many claimants.  He accepted on condition that they recognize him as an overlord, and decided in favor of John Baliol.  The Scotch people resented the English claims of overlordship and, in 1297, revolted under William Wallace.  Edward was then forced to undertake the conquest of Scotland, but although he destroyed the power of Wallace in the battle of Falkirk, this did not end Scotch resistance.  In the meantime he was at war with France for the recovery of Gascony and it was not until 1303 that he was able to continue the war with Scotland.  He subdued the country, but had hardly organized the new government, when a fresh revolt broke out under Robert Bruce.  The latter was crowned King of Scotland and for the third time Edward invaded that country.  He took the field in person, but the effort was too great and he died at Burgh-on-Sands near Carlisle in 1307.

He was crowned King 19 Aug 1274, at Westminster by Edward Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1295 he called together a parliament consisting of representatives of the nobility, the church, and the common people.  This "Model Parliament" made the beginning of parlimentary government in England. He died of dysentery and bowel hemorrhage at age 68.

Edward I, King of England, surnamed Longshanks.  As prince he was leader of a reconstituted royalist party, with a more liberal and national spirit, and in 1264 took part in the fighting between the King and the barons.  He was taken prisoner at Lewes, but escaped and defeated Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester.  For the rest of his father's reign he controlled policy and appropriated enough of Leicester's ideals not to make the royalist restoration a reaction.  He engaged in a crusade in 1272, reaching the city of Acre, and was crowned on his return home in 1274.  At the beginning of his reign he devoted his attention to legislation, based on the principle that to be successful his policy must be popular.  From 1275 to 1290 nearly every year was marked by the enacting of an important law.  The general effect of his work was to eliminate feudalism in political life, to limit church courts to ecclesiastical matters, and to stop the sending of tribute to Rome.  In 1295 he convoked what has been called the Model Parliament, because it first illustrated the type which was to be perpetuated in all subsequent Parliaments. In foreign policy he was energetic.  Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, continued to evade doing homage and Edward invaded that country in 1277, forcing Llewelyn to surrender.  In 1282 he completed his conquest and later issued the Statute of Wales, providing a scheme of government for North Wales.  The death of Margaret, heir to the Scottish throne, led to a disputed succession and the Scots asked Edward to arbitrate between the many claimants.  He accepted on condition that they recognize him as an overlord, and decided in favor of John Baliol.  The Scotch people resented the English claims of overlordship and, in 1297, revolted under William Wallace.  Edward was then forced to undertake the conquest of Scotland, but although he destroyed the power of Wallace in the battle of Falkirk, this did not end Scotch resistance.  In the meantime he was at war with France for the recovery of Gascony and it was not until 1303 that he was able to continue the war with Scotland.  He subdued the country, but had hardly organized the new government, when a fresh revolt broke out under Robert Bruce.  The latter was crowned King of Scotland and for the third time Edward invaded that country.  He took the field in person, but the effort was too great and he died at Burgh-on-Sands near Carlisle in 1307.

He was crowned King 19 Aug 1274, at Westminster by Edward Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1295 he called together a parliament consisting of representatives of the nobility, the church, and the common people.  This "Model Parliament" made the beginning of parlimentary government in England. He died of dysentery and bowel hemorrhage at age 68.

Name Suffix:<NSFX> I, King of England
Ancestral File Number:<AFN> 8WKN-4B


This is the research of Rebekah Canada (RebekahCanada@hotmail.com). Many of the people in this database have not been varified.

reigned: 1290-1293, 1303

BIRTH: HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET

Defeated William Wallace of Scotland at battle of Falkirk in 1298

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), Lord of Gascony, of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade.
    Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad,  Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.
   The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice, restricted the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts to church  affairs, and eliminated the papacy's overlordship over England.  On the refusal of Llewelyn ab Gruffydd (died 1282), ruler of Wales, to submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled all Jews from England. War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edward's power in Gascony. Edward lost Gascony in 1293 and did not again come into possession of the duchy until 1303. About the same year in which he lost Gascony, the Welsh rose in rebellion.
    Greater than either of these problems was the disaffection of the people of Scotland. In agreeing to arbitrate among the claimants to the Scottish throne, Edward, in 1291, had exacted as a prior condition the recognition by all concerned of his overlordship of Scotland. The Scots later repudiated him and made an alliance with France against England. To meet the critical situations in Wales and Scotland, Edward summoned a parliament, called the Model Parliament by historians because it was a representative body and in that respect was the forerunner of all future parliaments. Assured by Parliament of support at home, Edward took the field and suppressed the Welsh insurrection. In 1296, after invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself king of that realm. In 1298 he again invaded Scotland to suppress the revolt led by Sir William Wallace. In winning the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but he failed to crush Scottish opposition.
   The conquest of Scotland became the ruling passion of his life. He was, however, compelled by the nobles, clergy, and commons to desist in his attempts to raise by arbitrary taxes the funds he needed for campaigns. In 1299 Edward made peace with France and married Margaret, sister of King Philip III of France. Thus freed of war, he again undertook the conquest of Scotland in 1303. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305. No sooner  had Edward established his government in Scotland, however, than a new revolt broke out and culminated in the coronation of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland.  In 1307 Edward set out for the third time to subdue the Scots, but he died en route near Carlisle on July 7, 1307.  He also had a daughter with Eleanor of Castile that died young.

See attached sources.