Thomas Mather was not with Hannah on the 1841 census, but we know Hannah was the widow of Thomas from her death certificate of 1848. Therefore, he probably had died before 1841 an Hannah lived with her son Samuel.
There are no adult Thomas Mather deaths in Bolton 1838 to 1841, so died before Sep 1837.
There is a death for Thomas in 1832 which may be him, and probate records in 1833
General Notes
By 1841 Thomas had died (most likely before 1837).
Occupation Details
Thomas' occupation was Iron Moulder in Bolton. He died before 1841 while still employed there.1
Occupation Notes
Shown as an Iron Moulder on wife Hannah's 1848 death cert.
Possibly this is the Thomas Mather who was executor of Mathias Mathers will of 1840. Both were Iron Moulders and probably not from Bolton. They may have been Brothers.
Hannah Mather died 12th Match 1848 at 20 Charles Street, Little Bolton, aged 68.
Thomas and Hannah were married. They had a son and a daughter, named Samuel and Selina. There are possibly more children.
Family Notes
Thomas Mather (Moulder & Widower) married Hannah Kedeulf (widow) at Blackburn 26 June 1814. This could be the pair, and if Thomas was older then Samuel could be his son from a previous marriage, otherwise a brother.
Since Ellen, Wife of Samuel was buried at St Peters in 1841, you would expect one of the 6 Samuel Mather burials to be Ellen's Husband. Only one record is possible:
Name: Samuel Mather Gender: Male Age: 55 Birth Date: 1792 Burial Date: 21 May 1847 Burial Place: Bolton-Le-Moors, Lancaster FHL Film Number: 1545455 Reference ID: IT1 P354 No2826
Burial: 21 May 1847 St Peter, Bolton, Lancs. Samuel Mather - Age: 55 years Abode: Little Bolton Buried by: John E. Crop, Curate Register: Burials 1844 - 1847, Page 354, Entry 2826 Source: LDS Film 1966472