Cara Ann Palmer

• Death Notes
  • From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    
    Dyscrasia (from Greek "Dyskrasia", meaning bad mixture), in Ancient Greek medicine, is the imbalance of the four humours, and was believed to be the direct cause of all disease. This is similar to the Asian concept of Yin and Yang; it was believed that imbalance of the two polarities caused ailment.
    
    It is still occasionally used in medical context for an unspecified disorder of the blood.
    
    
    -------------------------------------------------
    
    Rhesus factor
    Individuals either have, or do not have, the Rhesus factor (or Rh D antigen) on the surface of their red blood cells. This is usually indicated by 'RhD positive' (does have the RhD antigen) or 'RhD negative' (does not have the antigen) suffix to the ABO blood type. This suffix is often shortened to 'D pos'/'D neg', 'RhD pos'/RhD neg', or +/-. The latter is generally not preferred in research or medical situations, because it can be altered or obscured accidentally.
    
    In simplest terms, there may be prenatal danger to the fetus when a pregnant woman is RhD-negative and the biological father is RhD-positive. But, as discussed below, the situation is considerably more complex than that.
    
    ................ Hemolytic disease of the newborn
    Main article: Hemolytic disease of the newborn
    Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also called Erythroblastosis Fetalis. This condition occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and the baby. These terms do not indicate which specific antigen-antibody incompatibility is implicated.
    
    hemolytic comes from two words: hemo (blood) and lysis (destruction) or breaking down of red blood cells
    erythroblastosis refers to the making of immature red blood cells
    fetalis refers to the fetus
    When the condition is caused by the RhD antigen-antibody incompatibility, it is called RhD Hemolytic disease of the newborn (often called Rhesus disease or Rh disease for brevity). Here, sensitization to Rh D antigens (usually by feto-maternal transfusion during pregnancy) may lead to the production of maternal IgG anti-RhD antibodies which can pass through the placenta. This is of particular importance to RhD negative females of or below childbearing age, because any subsequent pregnancy may be affected by the Rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn if the baby is Rh D positive. The vast majority of Rh disease is preventable in modern antenatal care by injections of IgG anti-D antibodies (Rho(D) Immune Globulin). The incidence of Rhesus disease is mathematically related to the frequency of RhD negative individuals in a population, so Rhesus disease is rare in East Asians and Africans, but more common in Caucasians.  ........................
    
    ..................Symptoms and signs in the Fetus:
    Enlarged liver, spleen, or heart and fluid buildup in the fetus' abdomen seen via ultrasound.
    Symptoms and signs in the Newborn:
    Anemia which creates the newborn's pallor (pale appearance).
    Jaundice or yellow discoloration of the newborn's skin, sclera or mucous membrane. This may be evident right after birth or after 24 - 48 hours after birth. This is caused by bilirubin (one of the end products of red blood cell destruction).
    Enlargement of the newborn's liver and spleen.
    The newborn may have severe edema of the entire body.
    Dyspnea or difficulty breathing. ...............................