General Notes

Amenhotep IV Neferkherure Waenre (Akhenaten) was the son and co-regent of Pharaoh Amenhotep III Nebmaatre. He married Nefertiti with whom he is thought to have had six daughters (Meritaten, Meketaten, Akhesenpaaten, Nefernefruaten-Tasherit, Nefernefrure, and Setepenre). He moved his capital to the city of Aten Akhetaten (now, Tell el-Amarna) where he worshiped the sun god Aten as the single creator god for which reason he is referred to as the heretic king.

He ruled Egypt during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Smenkhare became his co-regent and may have ruled after him, but Tutankhamen is considered the successor of Amenhotep IV.

# te: It was decreed that no son born to Tiye could inherit the throne. Due to her father's governorship, there was fear that the Israelites were gaining too much power in Egypt. When she became pregnant, the edict was given that her child should be killed at birth if a son. Her Jewish relatives lived at Goshen, and she herself had a summer palace upstream at Zarw, where she went to have the baby. She did indeed bear a son, but the royal midwives conspired with Tiye to float the child downstream in a reed basket to the house of her father's half-brother Levi. 1
# Death:
# Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt BET 1379 BC AND 1362 BC
# Note: Co-Regent with his father for 11 years, then in his own right for 6. He closed all temples of the Egyptian gods and built new temples to Aten. On many fronts he became unpoular, particularly with priests of the former national religion. There were plots against him and threats of insurrection, and eventually he abdicated in short-term favor of his cousin Smenkhkare, who was succeeded by Akhenaten's son Tutankhaten.
# Education: in the eastern delta country ABT 1386 BC Egypt
# Note: By the priests of Ra.
# Residence: ABT 1393 BC Goshen, Egypt
# Residence: ABT 1381 BC Thebes, Egypt
# Note: By this time, his mother had acquired more influence than the senior queen Sitamun, who had never borne a son and heir to Pharaoh. Aminadab could not accept the Egyptian dieties and their myriad idols, and so he introduced the notion of Aten, an omnipotent God who had no image, in line with Israelite teachings.
# Residence: AFT 1362 BC Sinai
# Note: Banished from Egypt and fled with some retainers, taking with them the royal sceptre topped with the brass serpent. To his supporters he remained very much the rightful monarch, the heir to the throne from which he had been ousted, and he was still regarded by them as the "Mosis" or birthright heir. Egyptian evidence shows that he led his people south through Sinai, towards Lake Timash. This was extremely marshy territory and, although manageable on foot with some difficulty, any pursuing horses and chariots would have foundered disastrously. Among Moses' retainers were the families of his great-grandfather Israel. At his instigation, the constructed a Tabernacle at the foot of Mount Sinai. Once he died, they began their invasion of their country, Canaan, left long before.
# Residence: AFT 1371 BC Amarna, Egypt
# Event: Aminadab AKA
# Note: From birth.
# Event: Amenhotep AKA
# Note: Aminadab in Egyptian, after his father.
# Event: Akhenaten AKA
# Note: Changed his name as a teenager, meaning "Servant of Aten".
# Event: Pharaoh Amenhotep IV AKA
# Note: From father's death

# Event: Pharaoh of Egypt Reigned BET 1367 BC AND 1361
# Event: Pharaoh of Egypt Reigned BET 1367 BC AND 1361
# Note:

    Moses was the Pharaoh of Egypt ca 1367-1361 BC.

    When Pharoah Tuthmosis died, his son married his sibling sister Sitamun (as was the Pharonic tradition) so that he could inherit the throne as Pharoah Amenhotep III. Shortly afterwards he also married Tiye, daughter of the Chief MInister (Joseph/Yuya). It was decreed, however, that no son born to Tiye could inherit the throne. Because of the overall length of her father Joseph's governorship there was a general fear that the Israelites were gaining too much power in Egypt. So when Tiye became pregnant, the edict was given that her child should be killed at birth if a son. Tiye's Jewish relatives lived at Goshen, and she herself owned a summer palace a little upstream at Sarw, where she went to have her baby. She did indeed bear a son, but the royal midwives conspired with Tiye to float the child downstream in a reed basket to the house of her father's half-brother Levi.

    The boy, Aminadab (born around 1394 BC), was duly educated in the eastern delta country by the Egyptian priests of Ra. In his teenage years, he went to live at Thebes. By that time, his mother had acquired more influence than the senior queen, Sitamun, who had never borne a son and heir to the Pharoah, only a daughter who was called Nefertiti. In Thebes, Aminadab could not accept the notion of Aten, an omnipresent God who had no image. Aten was thus an equivalent of the Hebrew "Adonai" (a title borrowed from the Phoenician and meaning 'Lord') in line with Israelite teachings. At that time Aminadab (Hebrew equivalent of Amenhotep - 'Amun is pleased') changed his name to Akhenaten (servant of Aten).

    Pharoah Amenhotep then suffered a period of ill health. Because there was no direct male heir to the royal house, Akhenaten married his half-sister Nefertiti in order to rule as co-regent during this difficult time. When in due course Amenhotep III died, Akhenaten was able to succeed as Pharoah - officially called Amenhotep IV.

    Akhenaten and Nefertiti had six daughters and a son, Tutankhaten. Pharoah Akhenaten closed all the temples of the Egyptian gods and built new temples to Aten. He also ran a household that was distinctly domestic - quite different from the kingly norm in ancient Egypt. On many fronts, he became unpopular - particularly with the priests of the former national deity Amun (or Amen) and of the sun god Ra (or Re). Plots against his life proliferated. Loud were the threats of armed insurrection if he did not allow the traditional gods to be worshipped alongside the faceless Aten. but Akhenaten refused, and was eventually forced to abdicate in short-term favour of his cousin Smenkhkare, who was succeeded by Akhenaten's son Tutankhaten. On taking the throne at the age of about 11, Tutankhaten was obliged to change his name to Tutankhamun. He, in turn, was only to live and rule for a further nine or ten years, meeting his death while still comparatively young.

    Akhenaten, meanwhile, was banished from Egypt. He fled with some retainers to the remote safety of Sanai, taking with him his royal sceptre topped with a brass serpent. To his supporters, he remained very much the rightful monarch, the heir to the throne from which he had been ousted, and he was still regarded by them as the Mose, Meses or Mosis (heir/born of) - as in Tuthmosis (born of Tuth) and Rameses (fashioned of Ra).

    Evidence from Egypt indicates that Moses (Akhenaten) led his people from Pi-Rameses (near modern Kantra) southward, through Sanai, towards Lake Timash. This was extremely marshy territory and, although manageable on foot with some difficulty, any pursuing horses and chariots would have foundered disastrously.

    Among the retainers who fled with Moses were the sons and families of Jacob (Israel). Then at the instigation of their leader, they constructed the tabernacle at the foot of Mount Sanai. Once Moses had died, they began their invasion of the country left by their forefathers so long before. But Canaan (Palestine) had changed considerably in the meantime, having been infiltrated by waves of Philistines and Phoenicians. The records tell of great sea battles, and of massive armies marching to war. At length, the Hebrews (under their new leader, Joshua) were successful and, once across the Jordan, they took Jericho from the Canaanites, gaining a real foothold in their traditional Promised Land.

    Following Joshua's death, the ensuing period of rule by appointed 'judges' was a catalogue of Jewish disaster until the disparate Hebrew tribes united under their first king, Saul, in about 1055 BC. with the conquest of Palestine (Canaan) as complete as possible, David of Bethlehem - a descendant of Abraham - married Saul's daughter to become King of Judah (corresponding to half the Palestinian territory). By 1048 BC, he had also acquired Israel (the balance of the territory) becoming overall King of the Jews.

    The legend of the Exodus: Moses' birth and education (from the King James Version of the Holy Bible):

    Exodus 2
    1 And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughter of Levi.
    2 And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months.
    3 And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river's brink.
    4 And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him.
    5 And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it.
    6 And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews' children.
    7 Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?
    8 And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child's mother.
    9 And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the women took the child, and nursed it.
    10 And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water.
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# Event: Moses AKA