THE SCOTCH-IRISH OR THE SCOT IN NORTH BRITAIN, NORTH IRELAND, AND NORTH
AMERICA
CHAPTER IX RELIGION IN EARLY SCOTLAND AND EARLY ENGLAND
THE real differences between the religious life of Scotland and that of
England are not wholly those of creed and polity, brought about by the
Reformation of the sixteenth century. They would seem to go back much
farther than that period, and to have given evidence of existence more
than nine hundred years before. They may have originated from the radical
differences between the ancient pagan mythology of the Druids and that of
the Teutons. The religious genius of early Scotland was, of course,
largely Celtic, and there is no reason for believing that the more or
less complete but very gradual amalgamation of the early race with that
of the Norse and the Angle has essentially altered the inherent racial
tendency toward emotional fervor and intensity. Going from a warmer
climate into the comparatively bleak and northern country of Caledonia,
the early Celt doubtless became more "hard-headed," and lost much of that
exuberance of emotion which to-day is so characteristic of his cousins in
France and Ireland, and, perhaps, also in Wales. His peculiar traits were
modified later by the commingling of his blood with that of the Northmen.
But his early racial point of view was far distant from that of the
pagans who brought the worship of Woden into Britain, and the
assimilating influences of climate and intermarriage, even to this day,
have not sufficed to break down the barrier between the two cults.
Christianity was probably planted in Great Britain long before the Romans
left. The first native account we have of its early history there is that
of Bede, in his allusions to the conversion (176-190) of Lucius, King of
the Britons, and to the establishment by Ninian of the Church of Candida
Casa at Whithorn, in Galloway. This foundation is supposed to have been
made about the year 397, and Ninian (who died about 432) was therefore
the precursor and contemporary of St. Patrick (396-469 ?). More than a
hundred and sixty years later, Columba, the Scot, came from the island of
Iona to North Britain, and converted the Picts, as Bede tells us in the
following passage (Eccl. Hist., bk. iii., ch. iv.):
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