1085

Charlemagne
53
The Franks and their Kingdoms
Franks were members of a confederation of Germanic peoples that attacked the Roman
Empire beginning in the A.D. 200´s and were divided into two branches, the Salians and the
Ripuarians. The Salians settled in the Low Countries on the lower Rhine, near the North Sea.
The Ripuarians moved into the region around what are now the cities of Aachen, Trier and
Cologne, Germany, in the region of the middle Rhine.
Frankish history is divided into two periods, the Merovingian (See Merovingian Kings), from
about 481 to 751, and the Carolingian, 751 to 987. Charlemagne, king
of the Franks from 768 to 814, created a vast empire. In 800, Pope
Leo III crowned him emperor of the Romans. The arms of
Charlemagne are described by Richard Thomson as ``Impaled: 1st
Coat, or, a double-heded eagle displayed sable crowned gold,
dimidiated and joined to the centre line; 2nd Coat azure 6 fleurs-delys,
1, 2, 2, and 1, or´´ which means ``A shield divided in half with the
first half gold with a black half eagle with a gold crown and the second
half blue with 6 gold fleurs-de-lys arranged 1, 2, 2, and 1. After the
time of Charlemagne, the Frankish empire began to break up into what
later became the kingdoms of France, Germany, and Italy.
Our genealogical history begins with Clovis, a Ripuarian Frank
who was King of Cologne in the early 5th century and is based on Weis´ Ancestral Roots and
Moriarty´s Plantagenet Ancestry. (See References)
Generation One
Clovis, King of Cologne
fl. ca. 420 (flourished circa 420)
Clovis was a Ripuarian Frank and King of Cologne circa 420 AD. Frankish ``kings´´ at this time
were really just local tribal chieftains. Note this is not Clovis I (466? - 511) who founded of the
Merovingian Dynasty. (For that line, see Merovingian Kings.) Clovis had a son:
· Childebert, mentioned next.
Generation Two
Childebert, King of Cologne
fl. ca. 450
Childebert had a son:
· Siegbert, mentioned next.
Generation Three
Siegbert the Lame, King of Cologne
Murdered in 509
Seigbert was murdered by his son:
· Cloderic, mentioned next.
Generation Four
Cloderic the Parricide, King of Cologne.
Murdered in 509
Cloderic murdered his father in 509, and was himself murdered the same year by Clovis (I), the
founder of the Merovingian Dynasty.
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Cloderic married a kinswoman of Clothilda, the Burgundian Princess and wife of Clovis (I).
They had a son:
· Murideric, mentioned next.
Generation Five
Murideric, Lord of Vitrey-en-Perthois
Murideric was ``very young´´ in 509 when his father was murdered by Clovis (I). He revolted
against Thierry (I), a son of Clovis (I), who killed him. Murideric had the following sons:
· St. Gondulfus, mentioned next.
· Duke Bodegisil (I) who died in 581. Bodigisil married first to Palatina, a daughter of Gallus
Magnus, a Gallo-Roman Senator and Bishop of Troyes (elected 562). Bodigisil married
second to Sancha, a Gascow.
Generation Six
St. Gondulfus
Born in 524
Died on July 6, 607.
St. Gondulfus was a political figure. He was Governor of Marseilles in 581, Mayor of the
Palace to Theibert (I) and was consecrated in 599 as Bishop of Tongres.
St. Gondulfus is almost certainly the father of Duke Bodegisil (II); see F.L. Weis, Ancestral
Roots, Baltimore, 1999, 190-6. Other earlier works including George Andrews Moriarty: The
Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, Mormon Pioneer Genealogical
Society, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1985, pages 5 and 241, show St. Gondulfus´ brother Duke
Bodegisil (I) as the father of Duke Bodegisil (II). However, it was very unusual among the early
Franks for a son to have the same name as his father as would be the case if Bodegisil (I) had
been the father of Bodegisil (II). The same name was used to indicate a close kinship such as the
uncle and nephew relationship here.
While it may seem strange to us to-day for a ``saint´´ and a ``bishop´´ to have had children, this
was not the case in early mediæval times. Married clergy were the rule rather than the exception
until Gregorian reforms of the 11th century. By the late middle ages, there were virtually no
married clergy.
St. Gondulfus had a son:
· Duke Bodegisil (II), mentioned next.
Generation Seven
Duke Bodegisil (II), Governor of Aquitane.
Killed in 588
Duke Bodegisil (II) married Oda, a Suevian and they had a son:
· St. Arnoself, mentioned next.
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Generation Eight
St. Arnoself, Bishop of Metz
Born in 582
Died on August 16, 641
Arnoself is also known as Arnold, Arnulf and Arnuiph. He was a member of the court of the
Frankish king Theodebert (II) of Austrasia. A noble, Arnoself married Doda, and their son was
Ansegisel. Doda became a nun, and Arnulf made plans to enter a monastery but was named the
bishop of Metz around 616. He continued his court services, making Clotaire of Neustria the
king of Austrasia. He also served as counsellor to Dagobert, King Clotaire´s son. In 626, Arnulf
retired to a hermitage at Remiremont, France. His feast day is July 18.
St. Arnoself married Clothilde (Doda) who became a nun at Trèves in 612 and they had a son:
· Duke Ansigise, mentioned next.
Generation Nine
Duke Ansigise, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia
Born circa 602
Died (murdered) in 685
Ansigise, also known as Anchises, Ansegisel and Ansegilius, married St. Bégue or Begga,
daughter of Pépin the Old of Landen who was Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia in 623 and a
counsellor of Dagobert (I), King of Austrasia. (Note: St. Bégue´s brother was Grimoald, father of
Childebert who was adopted by Sigibert III, King of Austrasia; see Merovingian Kings, Generation Nine)
St. Bégue´s mother was St. Itta, a daughter of Arnoldus, Bishop of Metz, said to be a son of
Ansbertus, the Gallo-Roman Senator and his wife Blithilda. On the death of her husband in the
year 691, St. Bégue built a church and convent at Andenne on the Meuse River and died there.
Her feast day is December 17th.
Duke Ansigise and St. Bégue had a son:
· Pépin, mentioned next.
Generation Ten
Pépin of Heristal, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia
Born circa 635
Died on December 16, 714
Pépin married first to Plectrud, a daughter of Hugobert and Irmina, and they had the following
sons:
· Drogo, Duke of Champagne
· Grimoald (II), Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
Pépin was associated with Aupais (Aupaï s, Elphide or Chalpaida?) who is said to have been be a
concubine. Historically, this referred to a secondary or inferior wife and may help explain why
some sources state that Pépin and Aupais were married. They had a son:
· Charles Martel, mentioned next.
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Generation Eleven
Charles ``The Hammer´´ Martel, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia
Born in 676
Died on October 22, 741
When his father Pépin of Heristal died in 714, Charles Martel had to overcome opposition
from the family of Pépin´s first wife Pletrude. By 718, Charles had triumphed, gaining not only
his father´s office of Mayor of the Palace, but also his father´s fortune. He then vanquished other
Frankish leaders to greatly extend his realm. The Merovingian kings Childperic (II) (reigned
715-721) and Theuderic (IV) (reigned 721-737) were mere figureheads, and the Mayor of the
Palace possessed supreme authority. Following the death of King Theuderic (IV) in 737, Charles
Martel ruled alone as Mayor of the Palace. Although the throne was vacant, Charles did not
attempt to claim it.
Charles´ most spectacular victory came in 732 when he triumphed over an invading Islamic
army from Spain at the Battle of Poitiers, also called the Battle of Tours, and is regarded as one
of the most decisive battles in the history of the world. The wave of Saracen conquest had flown
over the Pyrenees into Gaul, and for a time it appeared likely to add that country to the empire of
the caliphs. Fortunately for Europe, Charles Martel, the ruler of the Franks, proved equal to the
occasion, and in a desperately hard-fought battle that began near Tours and ended near Poitiers,
defeated the Saracenic emir Abd-er-Kahman, and saved Europe from the Moslem yoke.
It is worthy of notice that this battle - emphatically one of the most decisive battles of the
world - was fought in 732, exactly 100 years after the death of Mohammed, the so-called the
``Prophet of God´´. Charles was later called Martel, meaning ``the Hammer´´, because of his
victory over the Moslem horde. Edward Gibbon wrote that were it not for Charles Martel
``Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would now be taught in the schools of Oxford, and her
pulpits might demonstrate . . . the sanctity and truth of the revelation of Mahomet. . . . From
such calamities was Christendom delivered by the genius and fortune of one man.´´
. . . Edward Gibbon: The History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, Volume 5, page 156 - 157
In order to maintain his power, Charles had to engage in continual struggles with various
princes, both secular and ecclesiastical. Following his victory at Poitiers in 732, he attacked
some unruly bishops including Eucherius of Orléans. Because of this, his memory suffered.
During the ninth century, his tomb at the abbey of St. Denis is said to had been opened by the
abbot, and a hideous dragon supposedly emerged from a blackened, charred and otherwise
barren coffin; thus demonstrating Charles Martel´s damnation for despoiling the Church of its
property. Later historians at St. Denis said he had taken Church lands only temporarily and had
intended eventually to reimburse and further enrich the Church.
Charles Martel married first to Rotrou or Chrotrud who was perhaps a daughter of St. Liévin,
Bishop of Trèves. Charles and Rotrou had the following children:
· Carloman who ruled Neustria, Burgundy and Provence as Mayor of the Palace from 741
until 747 when he retired from political life and became a monk at the Monastery of Monte
Casino. He was succeeded by his younger brother Pepin the Short.
· Landrée who married Count Sigrand · Jerome
· Pépin the Short, mentioned next.
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Charles Martel married secondly to Swanhilde or Sunnichilde, daughter of Theodebert, Duke of
Bavaria and they had the following children:
· Grifo, who was endowed with a portion of his father´s land, but was displaced and
imprisoned by his half brothers Carloman and Pépin the Short.
· Chiltrud, who married in 749 to Odilo, Duke of Bavaria. In 757, their son Duke Tassilo III
of Bavaria and the magnates of Bavaria acknowledged themselves as vassals of Pépin the
Short.
Generation Twelve
Pépin the Short, King of the Franks
Born circa 715
Died on September 24, 768
Following the death of their father Charles Martel in 741, Pépin the Short along with his older
brother Carloman imprisoned their half brother Grifo and took control of the Frankish Empire as
joint Mayors of the Palace. Pépin ruled in Neustria, Burgundy and Provence and Carloman ruled
in Austrasia. In order to legitimize their rule, the brothers revived the kingship by raising
Childeric III to the throne in 743. Pépin and Carloman continued to hold the real power. That
same year, Pépin and Carloman conquered their brother-in-law Duke Odilo of Bavaria.
However, discord in Bavaria continued; and it was not until 757 that Odilo´s son (Pépin´s
nephew) Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria and the magnates of Bavaria were finally forced to
acknowledge themselves as vassals of Pépin the Short.
In 747, Carloman withdrew from politics. With the support of the church and the Pope, Pépin
had himself declared King of the Franks in 751. The former king, Childeric III, retired to a
monastery.
In the winter of 753-754 after the Lombards forced Pope Stephen to leave Rome, the Pope
visited Pépin the Short. The next summer, Pope Stephen anointed Pépin and his two sons
Charlemagne and Carloman, and declared that the Franks were never to elect a king who was not
of the sacred lineage of Pépin the Short. In return for Pope Stephen´s support, Pépin the Short
took his army to Italy and defeated the Lombards. Pépin´s gift of a wide strip of land in central
Italy to the Pope became known as the ``Donation of Pépin´´. This land, called the Papal States,
remained under the control of the popes until the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
Pépin the Short married in 740 to Bertha or Bertrada II of Laon also known as ``Bertha
Broadfoot´´. She was the daughter of Caribert (or Herbert), Count of Laon and granddaughter of
Bertha, a Merovingian Princess who was in turn a daughter of Thierry (III), King of Austrasia,
Neustria and Burgundy. (See Merovingian Kings, Generation Eight) Bertha was known as ``Queen
Goose-Foot´´ or ``Goose-Footed Bertha´´, and is perhaps the original ``Mother Goose´´.
Pépin the Short and Bertha of Laon had the following children:
· Charlemagne, Emperor of the West, mentioned next.
· Carloman of the Franks, King of Franks, born about 751, died in 771
· Gisela, Abbess of Chelles, who had a son Rowland, who had a daughter Juliana who
married her first cousin once removed,Charles the younger, Duke of Ingelheim who was a
son of Charlemagne. (See Generation Thirteen)
· Pippin who died young
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Generation Thirteen
Charlemagne, Emperor of the West
Born on April 2, 742 at either Ingolheim or Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
Died on January 28, 814 at Aachen
When Pépin the Short died in 768, the
Frankish lands were divided according to
ancient Frankinsh law and tradition between
Pépin´s sons Carloman and Charles. During the
next three years until Carloman´s death in 771,
relations between the two brothers were
sometimes strained. In 774, Charles ``the Great´´
or Karolus Magnus, more widely known as
Charlemagne, conquered Lombardy and
confirmed his father´s donation of the Papal
States. Charlemagne added Bavaria to his realm,
and eventually defeated the Saxons and forced
them to convert to Christianity. Charlemagne
also waged war in Spain. He was returning
from an expedition there in 778 when a
mountain people called ``the Basques´´
ambushed and wiped out his rear guard. This
incident became the subject of the famous epic
poem The Song of Roland. In the poem Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans by
Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800.
More is known about Charlemagne than most mediæval rulers because of a biography written
by Einhard, a friend of his son Louis the Pious. This biography describes Charlemagne as more
than six feet tall, with piercing eyes, fair hair, a thick neck, and a potbelly. He was strong, fond
of exercise, and had an alert mind and a forceful personality. Charlemagne could read and speak
Latin, the language of educated people of the time; and he improved education and culture by
establishing a school at his palace in Aachen. This palace school attracted the best teachers and
students in Europe. It educated clergymen, thus strengthening the church, and trained teachers
for schools throughout the empire. Scholars at the schools collected and copied ancient Roman
manuscripts, which otherwise would have been lost forever.
Charlemagne married in 771 at Aachen to Hildegarde of Vinzgau, and they had the following
children:
· Pépin I, King of Italy, mentioned next.
· Charles the younger, Duke of Ingelheim, born 772 and died 811 before his father. Charles
married Juliana, who was his first cousin once removed. (See Generation Twelve)
· Louis I the Pious of Aquitaine, King of France, whose 7X great granddaughter Mathilda
of Flanders married in 1053 to William the Conqueror. (See Flanders)
Charlemagne had additional wives, an abundance of girlfriends and many more children.
Charlemagne´s empire included
much of modern Europe.
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Generation Fourteen
Pépin I, King of Italy
Born in April 773
Died on July 8, 810, before his father Charlemagne.
Pépin was crowned King of Italy by his father Charlemagne in 781. He married in 795 to Bertha
who may have been his cousin; a daughter of his Uncle Carloman. Pépin and Bertha had a son:
· Bernhard, King of Italy, mentioned next.
Generation Fifteen
Bernhard, King of Italy
Born circa 797
Died on August 17, 818 at St. Amrosius, Mailand.
Bernhard doubtless felt that his father Pépin had been crowned King of Italy by Charlemagne
and that he should follow his father as the full fledged King of Italy. His uncle, Louis I the
Pious, had a different view of the situation. Seeing as Pépin had died before Charlemagne, Louis
the Pious felt that as Charlemagne´s heir, he was overall king or emperor; and that his nephew
Bernhard was perhaps sort of a sub-king. Bernhard revolted in July 817 when his Uncle Louis
proceeded to divide the empire among his sons, Bernhard´s cousins. The revolt didn´t work, and
he was forced to submit to Louis in December 817. Eventually, by the Treaty of Verdun in 843,
the territory that had been Bernhard´s Kingdom of Italy was awarded to Louis the Pious´ son
Lothaire who became Holy Roman Emperor. (For a map, see Flanders, Generation One)
Bernhard married in 813 to Kunigunde (also Cunegonde or Cunigunde) and they had a son:
· Seigneur Pépin, mentioned next.
Generation Sixteen
Seigneur Pépin de Peronne
Born in 817
Died after 840
Seigneur Pépin was probably the Lord or Count of Peronne and St. Quentin in the Vermandois;
an area in Picardy in northern France. Seigneur Pépin had the following children:
· Herbert I, mentioned next.
· a daughter who married Gui, Count of Senlis. Their children included:
o Bernard, Count of Senlis was a friend and counsellor of Hugh Capet ``the Great´´ of
Neustria.
o Poppa who married in 886 to Rolf, 1st Duke of Normandy. (See Normandy, Generation
Five) This descent for Poppa, wife of Rolf, 1st Duke of Normandy, is from George
Andrews Moriarty: The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen
Philippa, Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1985, page
226 where Professor Moriarty corrects a line from page 11 that shows Poppa as a
daughter of Count Berenger of Bayeux.
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Generation Seventeen
Herbert I, Count of Senlis and Vermandois
Born circa 840
Died (murdered) circa 900 - 908
Herbert I married Bertha, a daugher of Guerri (I), Count of Morvois and they had the following
children:
· Sprota (or Adela) who married William I Longsword, 2nd Duke of Normandy as his first
wife. (See Normandy, Generation Six)
· Herbert II, mentioned next.
· Beatrice de Vermandois, born in 880, who married Robert I, King of the West Franks.
(See Capet, Generation Nine)
Generation Eighteen
Herbert II, Count of Vermandois
Born circa 880 - 890
Died circa 943 at St. Quentin
Herbert (II) married Liegarde (or Hildebrante) a daughter of Robert (I), King of France and his
first wife Aelis. (See Capet, Generation Nine), and they had the following children:
· Alice of Vermandois, born 910, who married Arnolph ``the Great´´, Count of Flanders.
(See Flanders, Generation Five)
· Robert, Count of Troyes, mentioned next.
· Albert I, Count of Vermandois, mentioned next.
· Luitgarda of Vermandois, born about 915 who married William I Longsword,2nd Duke of
Normandy as his second wife. (See Normandy, Generation Six) Luitgarda married secondly to
Theobald ``le Tricheur´´, Count of Blois.
Generation Nineteen
Robert, Count of Troyes and Meaux
Born circa 910
Died circa 967/68
Robert married Adelaide, a daughter of Giselbert, Count of Burgundy and his wife Ermengarde.
Robert and Adelaide had the following daughters:
· Adelaide de Vermandois who was born in 950 and died circa 975 - 978. Adelaide married
Geoffrey I ``Grisgonelle´´, Count of Anjou (died July 21, 987), son of Fulk (II) ``the Good´´,
Count of Anjou. Adelaide and Geoffrey had a son:
o Fulk III ``the Black´´, Count of Anjou (died June 21, 1040) who married
Hildegarde; they had a daughter:
§ Ermengarde, heiress of Anjou (born circa 1010/1015 and died 21 March,
1076) who married Aubri-Geoffrey, Count of Gâtinaise. (See Plantagenet,
Generation Two)
· Ermengarde of Anjou who married in 980 to Conan ``the Crooked´´ Duke of Brittany who
died in 992. Ermengarde and Conan had a daughter:
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o Judith of Brittany (982 - 1017) who married Richard II ``the Good´´, Duke of
Normandy. (See Normandy, Generation Eight)
Albert I ``the Pious´´, Count of Vermandois.
Born circa 915
Died in 987
Albert married Gerberga of Lorraine, a daughter of Giselbert, Duke of Lorraine and Gerberga
of Saxony. (See Merovingian Kings, Generation Nineteen) Adalbert and Gerberga had a son:
· Herbert III, Count of Vermandois, mentioned next.
Generation Twenty
Herbert III, Count of Vermandois
Born circa 954
Died about 1000
Herbert married Ermengard, a daughter of Reinald, Count of Bar and they had a son:
· Otho, Count of Vermandois, mentioned next.
Generation Twenty-one
Otho, Count of Vermandois
Born circa 1000
Died May 25, 1045
Odo married Parvie, Parrie or Parrè, and they had a son:
· Herbert IV Count of Vermandois, mentioned next.
Generation Twenty-two
Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois
Born circa 1032
Died circa 1080
Herbert IV married Adela, daughter of Raoul III Count of Valois and the Vexin, and they had a
daughter:
· Adelaide de Vermandois, mentioned next.
Generation Twenty-three
Adelaide de Vermandois, Countess of Vermandois and Valois
Died circa 1120
Adelaide married to Hugh ``the Great´´ Capet, Count of Vermandois, son of Henry (I) Capet,
King of France and brother of Philip (I), King of France. (see Capet, Generation Fourteen.)
For the continuation of this line, see Capet, Generation Fourteen.
After Hugh´s death, Adelaide married secondly to Reinald, Count of Clermont.
Charlemagne
References
Sewell Vincent Sample (1928 - 2005): Letters
Einhard: Vita Karoli Magni (ca. 830; The Life of Charlemagne, translated by A.J.Grant, 1922)
Edward Gibbon: The History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire (1776 - 1788)
Richard Thomson: An Historical Essay on the Magna Charta of King John (London, 1829)
The Book of History (18 Volumes), London, 1914
George Andrews Moriarty: The Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa,
Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1985.
Patrick J. Geary: Before France and Germany, Oxford University Press, 1988
Berhard Grun: The Timetables of History, New York, 1991
Microsoft Encarta Encyclopædia 99, © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation
Norman F. Cantor (ed.) The Encyclopædia of the Middle Ages, New York, 1999
Frederick L. Weis and Walter L. Sheppard: Ancestral Roots, 7th Edition, Baltimore, 1999
World Book Millenium 2000 Deluxe Edition, © 1999 World Book Inc., © IBM Corp.
G. E. Cokayne: The Complete Peerage, Sutton Publishing, 2003