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[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 19, Ed. 1, Tree #1362, Date of Import: Apr 26, 1999]
[Brøderbund WFT Vol. 3, Ed. 1, Tree #2553, Date of Import: Jun 20, 1997]
Longshanks
7 daughters and 3 sons, died young, one of whom was Alfonso.
Edward I (born 1239, ruled 1272-1307) was one of England's greatest
kings. He was a handsome man, with fair hair and ruddy cheeks, and so
tall that he was nicknamed Longshanks. He delighted in tournaments and
hunting, but he was also practical and hardworking. For seven years
before he came to the throne, he was the real ruler for his weak father,
Henry III (see Henry, Kings of England; Montfort). He was in the Holy
Land involved in the crusades when his father died, but there was no
question that he would take the throne.
Edward has been called the "English Justinian" because, like the Roman
emperor Justinian, he organized the laws. His laws were not restatements
of existing customs but statutes in the modern sense. Many of them,
particularly the land laws, had a long-lasting influence. A statute of
1285 limited church courts to strictly church matters a change that
Edward's great-grandfather, Henry II, had been unable to make because of
the murder of Thomas a Becket (see Becket; Henry, Kings of England).
Edward also stopped paying a feudal tribute to the pope.
Parliament grew in strength during Edward's reign because he continued
the policy of Simon de Montfort in summoning to it representatives of the
towns and lesser knights. His parliament of 1295 is known as the Model
Parliament (see Parliament). In 1297 he reaffirmed the Magna Carta in the
famous confirmation of the charters. All of Edward's moves were not fair
and admirable ones, however; he forced Jews out of England in 1290.
Soon after coming to the throne, Edward conquered Wales and gave to his
infant son, Edward, the title prince of Wales (see Wales). Until 1289 the
care of his French possessions, principally Aquitaine, in Southern
France, absorbed much of his attention. For the rest of his life, his
main concern was Scotland.
He conquered the country in 1296; but in 1297 all Scotland rose in revolt
against him under the popular leader, William Wallace. Edward defeated
Wallace at Falkirk the next year, but the Scots still resisted. Near the
end of Edward's reign Scotland found a new leader in Robert Bruce. In
1307 King Edward, then 70 years old, led an army toward Scotland but died
before he reached the border.
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Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia
Copyright c 1993, 1994 Compton's NewMedia, Inc.
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Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), of
the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239,
the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile.
In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and
ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare
broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side
of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years
later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade. Following his father's
death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as
king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was
crowned.
The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of
his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice,
restricted the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts to church
affairs, and eliminated the papacy's overlordship over England.
On the refusal of Llewelyn ab Gruffydd (died 1282), ruler of Wales, to
submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that
resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the
English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled al