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Family Subtree Diagram : Descendants of Aimeri de Narbonne (1130)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jean I de Grailly (died c. 1301) was the seneschal of the Duchy of Gascony from 1266 to 1268, of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from about 1272 until about 1276, and of Gascony again from 1278 until 1286 or 1287.

Early life
Jean was born on the shores of Lake Geneva in the County of Savoy. He probably travelled to England during the reign of Henry III of England in the entourage of Peter II of Savoy, who was uncle to Queen Eleanor of Provence. In 1262 he was already a knight in the household of Prince Edward, the king's heir and future King Edward I of England. In 1263 he had attained the status of a counsellor of the young prince. In 1266 he was rewarded for his services with the castle and viscounty of Benauges. He acquired the saltworks in Bordeaux and the right of toll at Pierrefite on the Dordogne as sources of income. He also received the lordship of Langon and was made seneschal of Prince Edward's fief of Gascony. In 1280 he founded the town of Cadillac to provide a port for Benauges.

Ninth Crusade
In 1270 he accompanied Edward on the Ninth Crusade to Syria. He stayed behind in the Crusader kingdom as seneschal and only returned to Gascony sometime before or during 1276. He maintained an interest in the fate of Jerusalem for the remainder of his life, however. In October 1277 he was in England to warn now-king Edward of the conspiracy of the viscount of Castillon. In 1278 he was re-appointed to his old Gascon post.

] Europe
In 1279, Jean travelled to Amiens and to England to negotiate the Treaty of Amiens, which ended the state of war between Edward of England and Philip III of France and returned the Agenais to English control. Only two weeks after the treaty, Jean de Grailly encouraged an inquiry to determine whether or not he Quercy was English territory. He was already appointed to the commission to oversee the return of the Agenais and his seneschal's duties were extended to the new region. Edward also ordered Jean not to pay the fouage, a tax demanded by the French king. He was granted royal letters to demonstrate the king's intention to pay the tax in a few years, after better harvests. In 1285 he even negotiated a treaty fixing the tariff on Bordeaux wine.

Jean also had to negotiate with the French court in Paris concerning the dating clauses of Gascon charters. The mutually acceptable formula resulting was: actum fuit regnantibus Philippo regis Francie, Edwardo rege Anglie, duce Aquitanie. Jean travelled extensively, not only to Paris, but also to Fuenterrabia to negotiate with Alfonso X of Castile. On 2 January 1281 he was in Vienne to witness an accord between Philip I of Savoy and Robert II of Burgundy. Later that year he was dispatched to Mâcon to advise Margaret of Provence, the widow of Louis IX of France. Edward employed him extensively as his deputy in continental Europe.

Between 1280 and 1285 Grailly took part in the tortuous negotiations concerning the inheritance of the County of Bigorre after the death of the five-times married Countess Petronilla. Eventually it was determined that the proper heiress was Joanna I of Navarre. The question of homage and featly, however, was put off, as the Joanna and her husband, Philip the Fair, were both monarch and thus swore homage to none. Nonetheless the question of whether Bigorre was a feudatory of the Duke of Aquitaine or the King of France was to be an issue between the two monarch throughout the fourteenth century.

Jean de Grailly eventually fell short of funds for his activities, since his expenses need approval from the Exchequer before he could receive his salary. He took to exploitation and illegal exactions from the peasants, whose complaints eventually reached the ears of Edward I. He was removed from office sometime between June 1286 and Spring 1287, when the king and Queen Eleanor of Castile, present in Gascony, set up an inquiry into his actions. The commission found him to have misappropriated monies in several municipalities. He was order to repay them, but these payments could be made from outstanding funds owed him. He himself returned to Savoy and left his Gascon lands to his son Pierre.

Last campaigns in the Levant
Jean went back to the Levant in the end of the 1280s. In 1289, he led a French regiment from Acre to the besieged city of Tripoli, until the Fall of Tripoli in April 1289.  Following the fall of Tripoli, Jean was sent to Europe by king Henry of Cyprus to warn European monarchs about the critical situation in the Levant.  Jean met with Pope Nicholas IV who shared his worries and wrote a letter to European potentates to do something about the Holy Land. Most however were too preoccupied by the Sicilian question to organize a Crusades, as was Edward I too entangled in troubles at home. Only a small army of peasant and unemployed townfolks from Tuscany and Lombardycould be raised. They were transported in 20 Venetians galleys. They were led by Nicholas Tiepolo, the son of the Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo, who was assisted by the returning Jean and Roux of Sully.

Jean was present as the Commander of the French king's troops at the fall of Acre. Wounded, he was rescued during one point of siege by his fellow Savoyard Otho de Grandison, once a faithful servant of Edward's as well, and escaped on ship to Cyprus. He returned afterwards to Savoy, where he died. His descendants continued to play a crucial role in Gascony over the next century.
 1240 Clairemonde De La Motte 1262 Jean II De Grailly 1200 - 1261 Seigneur de Landiras Rostang de la Motte 61 61 1210 Guillemette De Gavarret 1180 Seigneur De Gavarret Piérre V De Gavarret 1192 Viscountess of Béarn Guiscarde De Moncade 1250 - 1315 Hélie VII De Périgord 65 65 1278 - 1304 Marguerite De Foix 26 26 1288 Archambaud IV De Périgord 1298 Agnés de Périgord 1292 - 1363 Roger Bernard De Périgord 71 71 1270 - 1340 Bernard Jourdain De L'Isle 70 70 1303 Mathé Jourdain De L'Isle 1228 - 1280 Constance De Béarn 52 52 1248 Urraca Diaz De Haro 1225 - 1254 Diego López de Haro 29 29 1252 Teresa Diaz De Haro 1250 Lópe Diaz De Haro 1266 - 1306 Violanté De Castile 40 40 1286 Señor de Orduña Fernando Diaz de Haro 1176 Marguerite De Narbonne 1144 Ermengarde 1314 - 1398 12th Count of Foix Mathieu De Foix 84 84 1282 - 1315 9th Count of Foix Gaston I De Foix 33 33 1308 - 1343 10th Count of Foix Gaston II De Foix 35 35 1290 - 1319 Heiress of Béarn Marguerite de Moncade 29 29 1259 - 1290 Viscount of Béarn Gaston VIII De Moncade 31 31 1220 - 1292 Guillaume Raimond IV De Moncade 72 72 1190 - 1229 Guillaume Raimond III De Montcada 39 39 1168 - 1215 Viscount of Béarn Gaston VI De Montcade 47 47 1172 Ermengarde De Narbonne 1243 - 1302 8th Count of Foix Roger-Bernard IV De Foix 59 59 1303 - 1361 Isabelle de Levis 58 58 1275 - 1314 Seigneur de Monsegur Jean de Levis 39 39 1280 - 1332 Constance De Foix 52 52 1269 - 1316 Brunissende de Foix 47 47 1250 - 1319 Vicomtesse de Bearn Margarita De Moncada 69 69 1290 Lady of Menezes and Orduña Maria 1270 - 1319 Comte D'Armagnac Bernard VI 49 49 1283 - 1313 Cécile De Rodez 30 30 1225 - 1285 Comte D'Armagnac Geraud V 60 60 1240 - 1317 Mathé De Béarn 77 77 1217 - 1290 Viscomte De Béarn Gaston VII 73 73 1220 - 1270 Mathé De Bigorre 50 50 1255 - 1310 Conde de Vizcaya Diego Diaz de Haro 55 55 1299 - 1348 Mathilde D'Armagnac 49 49 1250 - 1319 Vicomtesse de Bearn Margarita De Moncada 69 69 Generated by GenoPro®. Click here for details.