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Family Subtree Diagram : .Charles of Lower Lorraine (942)

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First overking of all Norway,883. He conquered the separate Fjord kingdoms. King of Vestfold. Also called Lura, The Slovenly for he refused to cut or comb his hair for 10 years; Cut his hair after the conquest and won Gytha.

He was the first to rule, at least nominally, the entire country. Harold inherited three small domains in Eastern, Central, and western Norway from his father, and set out to conquer to rest of the country, spurred by the refusal of another petty king's daughter to marry him until all of Norway was under his sway. In his old age Harold abdicated in favor of his eldest legitimate son, Eric Bloodaxe, who was deposed of by his half brother Hakon I after a few years of misrule.
 ~0806 - 0876 Louis East Franks 70 70 0750 Geva Eysteinsdottir 0876 - 0936 Henry of Germany 60 60 Henry I (of Germany), called Henry The Fowler (876?-936), king of Germany (919-936), the first of the Saxon line of German kings. In 912 Henry succeeded his father as duke of Saxony. Following the death of Conrad I, king of Germany, in 918, Henry was chosen king by the Franconian and Saxon nobles. Bavaria, Swabia, and Lotharingia refused to acknowledge him at first, and it was not until 925 that he managed to win recognition from all the German states. In 926 Henry secured a nine-year truce from warfare with the Magyars. During that period he transformed many of the small towns of Germany into fortified cities with trained troops of mounted warriors. His military preparations were successfully tested in a war against the Wends in 929. When the Magyars invaded Thüringen in 933, Henry repulsed them decisively. He defeated the Danes in the following year and seized territory from them. Henry was the first to create a united Germany, and, although he never received the imperial crown, he is generally recognized as one of the Holy Roman emperors. He was succeeded by his son, Otto.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 0892 - 0967 Matilda Of Ringleheim 75 75 0836 - 0912 Otto Of Saxony 76 76 0863 - 0899 Arnulph Of Carinthia 36 36 Arnulf of Carinthia (German ''Arnulf von K rnten, Slovenian Arnulf Koroški'') (850 - December 8 899) was one of the last ruling members of the Carolingian house in the Eastern part of the Frankish Kingdom, which had been split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843.

Arnulf was the illegitimate son of the Bavarian king Carloman and his concubine, Liutswind (Litwinde, Litwindie) (of Bavaria), of Carinthian origin, daughter of Count Ernst.

Upon the deposition of his uncle, the emperor Charles III the Fat, Arnulf assumed his title of King of the East Franks in 887. Soon after his election for a king the term Karantania became a new European political term.

In Carinthia Carloman had a court in Moosburg (Blatograd), where young Arnulf spent his childhood. From later events it is evident that the Karantanians treated him as their own duke.

Arnulf didn't negotiate but he fought. At the decisive Battle of Leuven on September 891 he defeated an invading force of the Northmen, or Vikings, essentially ending invasion attempts on that front and the kingdom. After his victory, Arnulf had built a new castle on an island in the Dijle river (Latin Luvanium, local Lovon). The Annales Fuldensis (Annals of Fulda) report that the bodies of dead Northmen blocked the run of the river.

In 894/895 Great Moravia probably lost a part of its territory - present-day Western Hungary- to him. Arnulf failed to conquer Great Moravia in 892, 893, 894/895 and 899.

In 895 Bohemia broke away from Great Moravia and became his vassal.

An accord was made between him and the Bohemian Duke Borivoj (reigned 870-895), Bohemia was freed from the danger of invasion.

Arnulf invaded Italy in 896 and was crowned Emperor by the Pope Formosus (pope 891-896). On his death in 899, he was succeeded as a king of the East Franks by his son, Louis the Child (900-911).

Arnulf's illegitimate son Zwentibold reigned as King of Lotharingia from 895 to 900. 0837 Oda Of Bavaria 0800 Theodore Of Bavaria Helingarde 0828 - 0880 Carolman Of Bavaria 52 52 Litwinde Of Carinthia 0921 - 0954 Louis of France 33 33 Louis IV d'Outremer: King of France 936 to 954, member of the Carolingian dynasty.

Born September 10, 920 at Laon, Aisne, France, the son of King Charles III and Princess Eadgifu of England.

He was only three years old when his mother took him "over the sea" to the safety of England after his father was imprisoned. Hence the nickname.

On the death of his father in 936, Louis was summoned back to France and crowned king. Effectively, his sovereignty was limited to the town of Laon and to some places in the north of France, Louis displayed a keenness beyond his years in obtaining the recognition of his authority by his feuding nobles. Nonetheless, his reign was filled with conflict in particular with Hugh the Great, count of Paris.

In 939 Louis became involved in a struggle with the Emperor Otto the Great on the question of Lorraine, but then married Otto's sister Gerberge (914 - May 5, 984), Princess of Germany and they had two sons and a daughter:
Lothair, (941-986) Western Frankish King
Charles, (954-986) Duke of Lower Lortharingia
Mathilde King Louis IV died September 10, 954 at Reims, Marne, France and is interred there at Saint-Remi Cathedral. He was succeeded by his son Lothair.


Sources:

   1. Abbrev: The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants
      Title: Gary Boyd Roberts

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Louis D'Outremer", (Louis from Overseas),
also called Louis IV "Transmarinus" .

During father Charles III "the Simple"'s struggle with Hugh the Great, Ogive (Eadgifu) daughter of Saxon Kind Edward took Louis to England. Recalled to France in 936, crowned June 19 at Laon.

Louis IV, in German, Ludwig IV, called The Bavarian (1287?-1347), Holy Roman emperor (1314-47) and king of Germany (1314-47), son of Louis II, duke of Bavaria (1228-1294). Louis IV warred with Frederick III, called the Fair, a rival candidate for the imperial crown, from 1314 to 1322, and then until 1326 with Leopold I, Frederick's brother, also a rival emperor. Pope John XXII refused to crown Louis IV and excommunicated him in 1324. Louis invaded Italy in 1327, occupied Rome from 1327 to 1330, and secured his coronation in 1328 from Nicholas V, whom he proclaimed pope in 1328. Nicholas abdicated as antipope in 1330. During the series of armed conflicts that began in 1337 between England and France, called the Hundred Years' War, Louis at first sided with England but later aided France. In 1338 the electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire declared that emperors no longer needed papal confirmation of their election. He was succeeded as Holy Roman emperor by Charles IV of the house of Luxembourg.

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All rights reserved.
 0879 - 0929 Charles Carolingian 50 50 Charles III "the Simple" (September 17, 879 - October 7, 929) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty. He ruled as King of France from 898 to 922.

The posthumous son of King Louis II of France and Adelaide, Charles married Frederonne who died in 917 and he then married Eadgifu, the daughter of King Edward I of England, on October 7, 919.

As a child, Charles was prevented from succeeding to the throne at the time of the death in 884 of his half-brother Carloman or at the time Charles the Fat was deposed in 887 after he had succeeded Carloman. Instead, Odo, Count of Paris, succeeded Charles the Fat. Nonetheless, Charles became king at the death of Odo in 898.

The kingdom of Charles the Simple was almost identical with today's France, but he was obliged to concede what would become known as Normandy to the invading Norsemen.

In 922 some of the barons revolted and crowned Robert I, brother of Odo, king. In 923, at the battle of Soissons, King Robert was killed, but Charles was also defeated. Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy was elected king, and Charles III was imprisoned.

Charles III died on October 7, 929, in prison at Péronne, Somme, France and was buried there at the L'abbaye de St-Fursy. His son with Eadgifu would eventually be crowned King Louis IV of France. 0904 - 0951 Edgiva of Wessex 47 47 Luitgarde of Saxony 0806 - 0866 Liudolf of East Saxony 60 60 0816 - 0913 Oda Billung 97 97 0842 - 0874 Oda of Saxony 32 32 0820 Hedwige of Friuli 0790 - 0844 Bruno of Saxony 54 54 0790 Suana of Monfort 0760 - 0813 Bruno of Saxony 53 53 0749 - 0807 Wittekind of Saxons 58 58 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
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      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  ~0778 - ~0847 Wigebart of Saxony 69 69 0755 Eckbert de Mersebourg Ida of Germany Landfried of Germany Ida 0722 Theobald of Germany 0705 Herswinde von Saxony 0660 - 0727 Huoching of Germany 67 67 0640 - 0707 Gottfried of Germany 67 67 0640 Ragnetrude of Bavaria 0670 - 0740 Weybrecht von Saxony 70 70 of Ascanie 0640 - 0712 Dietrich von Saxony 72 72 Dobrogera of the Obotrites 0640 Berthold of Ascanie 0780 Billung of Saxony 0853 - 0920 Theudebert of Ringleheim 67 67 0858 Ludmilla Ragnhildis of Ringleheim 0800 - 0856 Walpert Ringleheim 56 56 0800 Alburgis Lesmonia ~0778 Sindacilla Friesland 0830 Raginhild Sigurdsdatter 0780 - 0820 Gudrod Halvdansson 40 40 0802 Ara Haraldsdottir 0942 - 0994 Charles of Lower Lorraine 52 52 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants
      Title: Gary Boyd Roberts  0773 Hasala von Wettin ~0778 - ~0847 Wigebart of Saxony 69 69 0823 - 0863 Halfdan Gudrodsson 40 40 0676 - 0740 Bertha de Neustra 64 64 0784 Aede of the Franks 0810 - 0876 Emma Of Bavaria 66 66 0913 - 0984 Gerberga of Saxony 71 71 0705 - 0788 Nbi of Germany 83 83 0943 - 0980 Matilda de France 37 37 0865 - 0910 Oda von Saxony 45 45 0824 - 0868 Waldrade of Alsace 44 44 0860 - 0903 Hedwige Hathui Edith Of Germany 43 43 0941 Lothaire of France 0944 Hildegarde of France 0945 Carloman of France 0948 Louis of France 0950 Raingarde of France 0952 Alberade of France 0953 Henri of France 0804 Poppo of Thuringia 0910 - 0964 Hedwiga of Germany 54 54 0925 - 0993 Charles Carolingian 68 68 0816 Sigurd Helgasson 0814 - 0830 Ingeborg Haraldsdatter 16 16 0836 Guttorm Sigurdsson 0796 Helgi Fridleifsson 0800 Aslaug Sigurdsdatter 0770 Fridleif Fordasson 0922 - 0955 Heinrich of Bayern 33 33 ~0830 - <0892 Immed of Saxony 62 62 0720 Ratbodus Friesland 0764 - 0795 Harald Agdersson 31 31 0780 Alfhilde av Vingulmark 0875 - 0963 Uda de Saxony 88 88 0775 - 0848 Harald Halfdansson Klak of Jutland 73 73 0820 Rolf Haraldsson 0830 Gisla Haraldsdatter 0840 Godefrid Haraldsson 0844 Guthorm Haraldsson 0773 - 0810 Halfdan Haraldsson of Jutland 37 37 0795 - 0837 Hemming Halfdansson 42 42 0800 Ali Halfdansson 0750 - 0804 Harald Oysteinsson of Haithabu 54 54 0735 - 0780 Emhild van Engern of the Saxons 45 45 0804 Harald Haraldsson 0780 Holger Danske 0804 Thyra Haraldsdatter Danebod 0705 - 0768 Warnechin of Engern 63 63 0705 Kunhilde of Rugen 0749 - 0807 Wittekind of Saxons 58 58 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
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      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  0675 - 0740 Dieterick of the Saxons 65 65 0680 Dobzogera of Welden 0630 - 0691 Sighard of the Saxons 61 61 0645 - 0675 Julanda 30 30 0568 - 0633 Berthold of the Saxons 65 65 0550 - 0568 Bodic of the Saxons 18 18 0520 Childeric of the Saxons 0480 Hathwigate of the Saxons 0460 - 0480 Hartwaker of Saxony 20 20 0660 Bilung of Welden 0645 - 0665 Aethelbert of Saxony 20 20 0630 Eormenred of Kent 0628 Oslava of Kent 0745 - 0811 Amalung von Sachsen 66 66 0688 Aethelbert von Sachsen Melli of Friesland 0760 Bennith von Sachsen 0688 Aethelbert von Sachsen 0855 Hilde Halfdansdottir 0795 Gyrd Haraldsson 0730 Agder av Norge 0742 Alfheim Gandolfsson 0876 - 0912 Liudolf von Sachsen 36 36 0880 - 0917 Frederune de Ringelheim 37 37 0912 - 0973 Otto of Saxony 60 60 Otto I the Great (912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany and arguably the first Holy Roman Emperor.

Succeeding his father as king in 936, Otto defeated the Magyars in 955 at the Battle of Lechfeld near Augsburg, halting their advance in central Europe. In 963, Otto defeated Mieszko I, duke of Poland and compelled him to pay tribute.

On February 2, 962 Pope John XII crowned Otto Emperor. Though the term "Holy Roman Empire" was not used for more than 200 years afterwards, Otto is sometimes considered its founder, and is counted as the first in a succession of emperors of various dynasties which ended only in 1806. (Note: Charlemagne was crowned Emperor in 800, reviving the idea of a western Roman Emperor, so is also seen by some as the first Holy Roman Emperor. He was followed by a number of Carolingian Emperors. Otto began the association between the title of Emperor and the German kingship.) His younger brother was Archbishop Bruno I of Cologne.



Otto I the Great (912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany and arguably the first Holy Roman Emperor. (While Charlemagne had been crowned emperor in 800, his empire fell apart admist succession disputes among his descendents, and following the assassination of Berengar of Friuli in 924, the imperial title lay vacant for nearly forty years.)

Early reign
Otto succeeded his father as king of the Germans in 936. He arranged for his coronation to be held in Charlemagne's former capital, Aachen. According to the Saxon historian Widukind of Corvey, at his coronation banquet, he compelled his four most powerful dukes to act as his personal servants, Arnulf of Bavaria as a stablehand, Herman of Swabia as his cupbearer, Eberhard III of Franconia as a steward, and Gilbert of Lorraine as chamberlain.

In 938, a rich vein of silver was discovered at the Rammelsberg in Saxony. This ore body would provide much of Europe's silver, copper, and lead for the next two hundred years, and this mineral wealth helped fund Otto's exploits throughout his reign.

Otto's early reign was marked by a series of ducal revolts. In 938, Eberhard, the new duke of Bavaria, refused to pay Otto homage. When Otto deposed him in favor of his uncle Berthold, Eberhard of Franconia revolted, together with several of the Saxon nobility, who tried to depose Otto in favor of his illegitimate half-brother Thankmar. While Otto was able to defeat and kill Thankmar, the revolt continued the next year when Gilbert duke of Lorraine swore fealty to King Louis IV of France. Meanwhile, Otto's younger brother Henry conspired with the Archbishop of Mainz to assassinate him. The rebellion ended in 939 with Otto's victory at the Battle of Andernach, where the dukes of Franconia and Lorraine both perished. Henry fled to France, and Otto responded by supporting Hugh the Great in his campaign against the French crown, but in 941 Otto and Henry were reconciled through the efforts of their mother, and the next year, Otto withdrew from France after Louis recognized his authority over Lorraine.

To prevent further revolts, Otto arranged for all the important duchies in the German kingdom to be held by close family members. He kept the now-vacant duchy of Franconia as a personal possession, while in 944 he bestowed the duchy of Lorraine upon Conrad the Red, who later married his daughter Liutgard. Meanwhile, he arranged for his son Liutgard to marry Ida, the daughter of Duke Herman of Swabia, and to inherit that duchy when Herman died in 947. A similar arrangement led to Henry becoming duke of Bavaria in 949.

Campaigns in Italy and eastern Europe
Meanwhile, Italy had fallen into political chaos. On the death (950), possibly by poisoning, of Lothair of Arles, the Italian throne was inherited by a woman, Adelaide of Italy, the respective daughter, daughter-in-law, and widow of the last three kings of Italy. A local noble, Berengar of Ivrea, declared himself king of Italy, abducted Adelaide, and tried to legitimize his reign by forcing Adelaide to marry his son Adalbert. However, Adelaide escaped to Canossa and requested German intervention. Ludolf and Henry independently invaded northern Italy to take advantage of the sitution, but in 951 Otto frustrated his son's and his brother's ambitions by invading Italy himself, forcing Berengar to swear fealty, and then, having been widowed since 946, marrying Adelaide.

This marriage triggered another revolt. When Adelaide bore a son, Ludolf feared for his position as Otto's heir, and in 953 he rebelled in league with Conrad the Red and the Archbishop of Mainz. While Otto was initially successful in reasserting his authority in Lorraine, he was captured while attacking Mainz, and by the next year, the rebellion had spread throughout the kingdom. However, Conrad and Ludolf erred by allying themselves with the Magyars. Extensive Magyar raids in southern Germany in 954 compelled the German nobles to reunite, and at the Diet of Auerstadt, Conrad and Ludolf were stripped of their titles and Otto's authority reestablished. In 955, Otto cemented his authority by routing Magyar forces at the Battle of Lechfeld.

Imperial title
Meanwhile, Italy was again in political turmoil, and when Berengar occupied the northern Papal States, Pope John XII asked Otto for assistance. Otto returned to Italy and on February 2, 962, the pope crowned him emperor. Ten days later, the pope and emperor ratified the Diploma Ottonianum, in which the emperor became the guarantor of the independence of the papal states. After Otto left Rome and reconquered the Papal States from Berengar, however, John became fearful of the emperor's power and sent envoys to the Magyars and the Byzantine Empire to form a league against Otto. In November of 963, Otto returned to Rome and convened a synod of bishops that deposed John and crowned Leo VIII, at that time a layman, as pope. When the emperor left Rome, however, civil war broke out in the city between those who supported the emperor and those who supported John. John returned to power amidst great bloodshed and excommunicated those who had deposed him, forcing Otto to return to Rome a third time in July of 964 to depose Pope Benedict V (John having died two months earlier). On this occasion, Otto extracted from the citizens of Rome a promise not to elect a pope without imperial approval.

Otto unsuccessfully campaigned in southern Italy on several occasions from 966-972, although in 972, the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimisces recognized Otto's imperial title and agreed to a marriage between Otto's son and heir Otto II and his neice Theophano.

His younger brother was Archbishop Bruno I of Cologne.

After his death in 973 he was buried next to his first wife Editha of Wessex in the Cathedral of Magdeburg ~0830 Gisela Sources:
Abbrev: Macmann/Morrison Genealogy Pages
Title: Macmann/Morrison Genealogy Pages
Publication: http://home.fuse.net/kestrel/FAM00063.HTM
Date: 14 Jul 0001 Immed Lesmoniai ~0812 Sigrid Helgisdottir Generated by GenoPro®. Click here for details.