General Notes

Malcolm III, born about 1031, died November 13, 1093, founded the house of Canmore, which ruled Scotland for more than 200 years, and consolidated the power of the Scottish monarchy. He was the son of Duncan I, who in 1040 was killed by Macbeth. Malcolm lived in exile until 1057, when he defeated and killed Macbeth near Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire. He succeeded to the throne in 1058 after the death of Lulach, Macbeth's stepson.
Malcolm's second wife was Margaret (later canonized as Margaret of Scotland) of the English royal house of Wessex, who fled to Scotland after the Norman conquest (1066) of England. She introduced a powerful English influence in Scotland.
Malcolm invaded England many times after 1068 supporting the claim of his brother-in-law Edgar Atheling to the English throne. In 1072, however, he was forced to pay homage to William I, (William the Conqueror) and in1091, to William II. He was finally defeated and killed by Norman forces at Alnwick. He was succeeded briefly by his brother Donald Bane and then by his son Duncan II. Three other sons also succeeded to the throne....Edgar (ruled 1097-1107), Alexander I (ruled 1107-1124), and David I (1124-1153).
Malcolm III CANMORE (1058-1093)
King of Scotland, founder of the dynasty that consolidated royal power in the Scottish kingdom. The son of King Duncan I, Malcolm lived in exile in England during part of the reign of his father's murderer, Macbeth.
Malcolm killed Macbeth in battle in 1057 and then ascended the throne. After the conquest of England by William the Conqueror, in 1066, Malcolm gave refuge to the Anglo-Saxon prince Edgar the Aetheling and his sisters, one of whom, Margaret (later St. Margaret), became his second wife. Malcolm acknowledged the overlordship of William in 1072 but nevertheless soon violated his feudal obligations and made five raids into England. During the last of these invasions he was killed by the forces of King William II Rufus (reigned 1087-1100), near Alnwick, Northumberland, England.
Except for a brief interval after Malcolm's death, the Scottish throne remained in his family until the death of Queen Margaret, the Maid of Norway, in 1290. Of Malcolm's six sons by Margaret, three succeeded to the throne: Edgar (reigned 1097-1107), Alexander I (1107-24), and David I (1124-53).
Margaret, THE MAID OF NORWAY (b. 1282/83--d. September 1290, Orkney Islands)
Queen of Scotland from 1286 to 1290, the last of the line of Scottish rulers descended from King Malcolm III Canmore.
Margaret's father was Eric II, king of Norway; her mother, Margaret, a daughter of King Alexander III of Scotland (ruled 1249-86), died in 1283. Because none of Alexander III's other children were alive at the time of his death (March 1286), the Scottish lords proclaimed the infant Margaret as their queen. In 1290 her great-uncle, King Edward I of England, arranged a marriage between Margaret and his son Edward, later King Edward II of England. On the voyage from Norway to England, however, Margaret fell ill and died. Although the marriage treaty had specified that Scotland was to maintain its independence of England, Edward now proclaimed himself overlord of Scotland; the Scots resisted, and for more than 20 years Scotland suffered foreign domination and civil war.
Malcolm III
Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland (1057–93), son of Duncan I; successor to Macbeth (d. 1057). It took him some years after Macbeth's death to regain the boundaries of his father's kingdom. About 1068, Edgar Atheling, pretender to the English throne, took refuge with Malcolm, who soon married Edgar's sister Margaret (see Margaret of Scotland, Saint). On behalf of Edgar, Malcolm invaded N England, but in 1072 William I of England invaded Scotland, and Malcolm made peace with him. In the reign of William II, Edgar joined Malcolm in his raid into England in 1091, but William forced both men to submit and to do homage. Malcolm was killed at Alnwick on still another rai