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Family Subtree Diagram : ........Andromachus of Syria

PLEASE NOTE: If you do not see a GRAPHIC IMAGE of a family tree here but are seeing this text instead then it is most probably because the web server is not correctly configured to serve svg pages correctly. see http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/SVG:Server_Configuration for information on how to correctly configure a web server for svg files. ? Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (two children) Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (three children) Marriage (three children) Marriage (two children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (three children) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (a child) Marriage (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (three children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (three children) (a child) (a child) Deiocus Medes Note: THE MEDES RULED WHAT IS TODAY WESTERN IRAN. THEY WERE IN POWER UNTIL OVERTHROWN BY CYRUS II "THE GREAT".  ~0400 B.C. Rodogune Achaemenid Smerdis Persia Cambyses II Persia Apama II Baktria     Apama II of Bactria married King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia, son of Antiochus of Macedonia  and Laodice (?) , 0324 BC in Susa.1,2 She was born 0340 B.C.. She was the daughter of Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria and N. N. of Bithynia. Sources: 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol.3#1, pp.4. ; 4. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.
    Children of Apama II of Bactria and King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia:
    Prince of Syria Achaeus Seleucid + b. 0320 B.C.
    King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid + b. 0324 B.C., d. 0261 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-80. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 415-80.

 358 B.C. - 281 B.C. Seleucus I Nicator Babylon     King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia died 0281 B.C. In August/September, outside Lysimacheia. Assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus. Seleucus left India to the growing power of the Mauryas, but was about to add Thrace to his kingdom when, stepping out of the boat in Europe, he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus, whom he had taken in as a refugee. Ceraunus claimed the throne of Thrace and Macedon, while the rest of Seleucus' domain passed to his half-Iranian son Antiochus.2,3,4 He defeated and killed Lysimachus 0281 B.C. In February, the Battle of Corupedium.5 He received the allegience of Philetaerus, Governor of Pergamum 0282 B.C.. He married Queen of Upper Asia Stratonike I Antigonid , daughter of King of Phrygia and Macedonia Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonid  and Phila I Antipatrid , 0297 B.C; Her 1st.6,7,8 He joined the confederacy against Macedonia and upon the defeat and death of King Antigonus I of Macedonia, obtained the largest share of the spoils, including the whole of Syria and a great part of Asia Minor, 0301 B.C..2 King of Syria, 0301-0281 B.C..9 He conceded India to Chandragupta Maurya 0303 B.C..3 He assumed the title King of Babylon 0305 B.C..5 King of Babylon, 0312-0302 B.C..2 He was made Satrap of Babylon in the second partition of Alexander's former Empire 0321 B.C..2 Satrap of Babylon, 0321-0312 B.C.. He married Apama II of Bactria, daughter of Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria and N. N. of Bithynia, 0324 BC in Susa.10,1 He was the son of Antiochus of Macedonia  and Laodice (?) .10 He was born 0358 B.C. In circa.2 King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia also went by the name of Seleucus "the Conqueror." "Nicator" is Greek for "the Conqueror."2 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol.3#1, pp.4. ; 4. Hammond, N.G.L. and Walbank, F.W. 'A History of Macedonia' Vol.III, pp.205. ; 5. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734. Also called Seleucus I Nicator Seleucid.
    Children of King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia and Queen of Upper Asia Stratonike I Antigonid :
    Phila II Seleucid + b. 0296 B.C.
    Children of King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia and Apama II of Bactria:
    Prince of Syria Achaeus Seleucid + b. 0320 B.C.
    King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid + b. 0324 B.C., d. 0261 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 415-80. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S262] Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99 Software (Redmond, Washington: Microsoft, 1999), "Seleucus I," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.. Hereinafter cited as MS Encarta 99.
    [S288] Philosophy of History, online .. Hereinafter cited as PoH.
    [S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
    [S672] Monetary History of the World, online . Hereinafter cited as Armstrong.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 427-79.
    [S669] M. B. Sakellariou, Macedonia, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization, Greek Lands in History (8, Philadelphias Street, Athens, Greece: Ekdotike Athenon S.A., 1983/1988), pg. 147. Hereinafter cited as Sakellariou.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996), DEMETRIUS. Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S578] Fatih Cimok, Commagene Nemrut (Sifa Hamami Sokak 18, Sultanahmet 34400, Istanbul: A Turizm Yayinlari Ltd. Sti, 1995), pg. 55. Hereinafter cited as Commagene Nemrut.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 414-80.

 Miss Baktria N. N. of Bithynia married Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria 0341 B.C.1 She was born 0360 B.C.. She was the daughter of Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos III Arshâmid.1 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23.
Child of N. N. of Bithynia and Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria:
Apama II of Bactria+ b. 0340 B.C.
[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-81. Hereinafter cited as RfC. Spitamana Baktria     Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria died 0328 BC.2 Satrap of Bactria, Persian Empire, 0329-0328 B.C.. He married N. N. of Bithynia, daughter of Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos III Arshâmid, 0341 B.C.2 He was born 0365 BC.2 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.
    Child of Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria and N. N. of Bithynia:
    Apama II of Bactria+ b. 0340 B.C.
    [S197] Toby Dills, "A Descendant of Antiquity," gedcom file from e-mail address (e-mail address ) to Robert Stewart, 5 Feb 1999. Hereinafter cited as "Descendant of Antiquity".
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-81. Hereinafter cited as RfC.

 Alpama Artabazus II Arshamid Note: He was saytrap of western Asia and Bithynia under his uncle Araxerxes iii and saytrap of Baktria under Alexander the Great.  Apame Persia Apama Achaemenid was born 0410 B.C.. She was the daughter of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid.1,2,3 She married Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos II Arshâmid, son of Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnaces I Arshâmid .1,2,3 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. Also called Apama Achaemenid.3
Child of Apama Achaemenid and Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos II Arshâmid:
Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos III Arshâmid+ b. 0385 B.C., d. 0325 B.C.
[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-83. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
[S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
[S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy. Pharnabazus II Arshamid     Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos II Arshâmid was the son of Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnaces I Arshâmid .1 Satrap of Daskyleon, Anatolia, Persian Empire, 0414-0390 B.C..1 He was an admiral in the navy of Artaxerxes II.2 Also called Pharnabazus of Daskyleion.3 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. He married Apama Achaemenid, daughter of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid.3,2,1
    Child of Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos II Arshâmid and Apama Achaemenid:
    Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos III Arshâmid+ b. 0385 B.C., d. 0325 B.C.
    [S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-83. Hereinafter cited as RfC.


 Pharnaces I Arshamid Pharnabazos I Arshamid     Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos I Arshâmid died 0414 B.C..1 Satrap of Daskyleon, Anatolia, Persian Empire, 0430 B.C., and earlier.2 He was the son of Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos I Arshâmid.3,2 He was born 0480 B.C..1
    Child of Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos I Arshâmid:
    Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnaces I Arshâmid+
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 411-85. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 411-86.

 Artabazos I Arshamid     Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos I Arshâmid died 0449 B.C..1 Satrap of Daskyleon, Anatolia, Persian Empire, 0477-0468 B.C..3 He was a general 0480-0479 B.C..1 He was the son of Governor of Persepolis Pharnaces Arshâmid.4 He was born 0525 B.C..1 Also called Artabates.5
    Children of Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos I Arshâmid:
    Satrap of Daskyleon Pharnabazos I Arshâmid+ b. 0480 B.C., d. 0414 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 411-86. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), Book 2 - Polymnia, [7.66]. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 411-87.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, Herodotus' History, Book 2 - Polymnia, [7.65].

 Pharnakes Arshamid     Governor of Persepolis Pharnaces Arshâmid died 0497 B.C..1 Governor of Persepolis, Persian Empire, 0499-0497 B.C..2 He was governor of Persepolis under his nephew Darius I 0499-0497 B.C..2 He was the son of King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid .3,2 He was born 0560 B.C..1 He was the uncle of Darius I.2 He was a junior branch of the royal line.2
    Child of Governor of Persepolis Pharnaces Arshâmid:
    Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos I Arshâmid+ b. 0525 B.C., d. 0449 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 411-87. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S1052] Chris Bennett's Egyptian Royal Genealogy Website, online . Hereinafter cited as Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 411-88.

 Arsames Achaemenid     King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid was born 0585 B.C.. He was the son of King of Persia Ariaramnes Achaemenid.2 He was living 0615-0522 B.C.1 King of Kings of the Persians, Parsa, 0615-0550 B.C.. Found on a golden tablet in Hamadan (ancient Ecbatana): "Arsames, the great king, king of kings, king in Persia, son of king Ariaramnes, an Achaemenian. King Arsames says: the great god Ahuramazda, greatest of gods, made me king. He bestowed on me the land Persia, with good people, with good horses. By the favor of Ahuramazda I hold this land. May Ahuramazda protect me, and my royal house, and may he protect this land which I hold."3 Also called Aršâma Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian.3 Also called Arsames Greek. Also called Arshâma of Persepolis Arshama means "Having the might of a hero" and is a Parsi name.4
    Children of King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid:
    Governor of Persepolis Pharnaces Arshâmid + b. 0560 B.C., d. 0497 B.C.
    Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid+ b. 0570 B.C., d. 0521 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-90. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 7.11. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 411-88.

 Ariyaramna Achaemenid     King of Persia Ariaramnes Achaemenid was the son of King of Persia Teïspes Achaemenid.2 He was living 0640-0615 B.C.1 King of the Persians, Parsa, 0640-0615 B.C.. Found on a golden tablet in Hamadan (ancient Ecbatana): "Ariaramnes, the great king, king of kings, king in Persia, son of king Teispes, grandson of Achaemenes. King Ariaramnes says: This country Persia which I hold, which is possessed of good horses, of good men, the great god Ahuramazda bestowed it upon me. By the favor of Ahuramazda, I am king in this country. King Ariaramnes says: May Ahuramazda bear me aid."3 Also called Ariyâramna old-Persian.3 Also called Ariaramnes Greek.
    Child of King of Persia Ariaramnes Achaemenid:
    King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid+ b. 0585 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-91. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 7.11. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.

 Perses Elam     King of Persia Teïspes Achaemenid was the son of King of Persia Achaemenes of Anshan.2 Shah of Persia, 0675-0640 B.C.. He was living 0675-0640 B.C.1 Also called Chispish old-Persian.1 Also called Teispes Greek.
    Children of King of Persia Teïspes Achaemenid:
    King of Persia Ariaramnes Achaemenid+
    King of Persia Cyrus I Achaemenid +
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-92. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 7.11. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.

 Achaemenes Elam     King of Persia Achaemenes of Anshan was living 0700-0625 B.C.1 Shahanshah of Persia, 1st of the Dynasty, 0700-0675 B.C.. Great King of Anshan, 0700-0675 B.C.. Also called Hakhâmaniš old-Persian.2,3 Also called Achaemenes Greek. Sources: 2. Bury, J.B., Cook, S.A. and Adcock, F.E. 'The Cambridge Ancient History' Vol.IV, pp.5.
    Child of King of Persia Achaemenes of Anshan:
    King of Persia Teïspes Achaemenid+
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-93. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S172] Various Encyclopaedea Britannica (U.S.A.: Encyclopaedea Britannica, Inc., 1976). Hereinafter cited as Encyclopaedea Britannica.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.

 Teispes Ashan Achaemenes Elam Phraortes Medes Stateira Persia Statira of Armenia was the daughter of Hydranes III of Armenia  and N. N. (?) .3 She died 0402 B.C. In circa. "Now there is a small Persian bird, in the inside of which no excrement is found, only a mass of fat, so that they suppose the little creatures lives upon air and dew. It is called rhyntaces. Ctesias affirms, that Parysatis, cutting a bird of this kind into two pieces with a knife one side of which had been smeared with the drug, the other side being clear of it, ate the untouched and wholesome part herself, and gave Statira that which was thus infected; ... Statira; who, dying with dreadful agonies and convulsions, was herself sensible of what had happened to her, and aroused in the king's mind suspicion of his mother, whose savage and implacable temper he knew."3 She married King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid , son of King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid  and Parysatis (?) , 0420 B.C; His 1st.4,3,2 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 412. ; 2. Toumanoff, C. 'The Orontids of Armenia' in 'Studies in Christian Caucasian History' (1963) pp.288-289.
Children of Statira of Armenia and King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid :
King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes III Ochus Achaemenid + b. 0415 B.C., d. 0338 BCE
Ariaspes Achaemenid b. 0416 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
Darius Achaemenid b. 0417 B.C., d. 0390 B.C.
Rhodogune Achaemenid+ b. 0419 B.C.
[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 426-80. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
[S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996), ARTAXERXES. Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
[S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives.
[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 412-80. Artaxerxes II Abiyataka Achaemenid     Lost Egypt in 404 BC.

    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid died 0359 B.C.. "Artaxerxes at that time had but a little hold on life, by reason of his extreme age, and so, when he heard of the fate of Arsames, he could not sustain it at all, but sinking at once under the weight of his grief and distress, expired, after a life of ninety-four years, and a reign of sixty-two."2 He put down a revolt by the satraps of western Anatolia 0366 B.C., circa.3 He was responsible for changes in Persia's religion, due to his failures, and saw the restoration of the worship of the earlier gods 0374 B.C..1 He conducted a second campaign against Egypt, which also failed, 0375-0374 B.C..1 He conducted a failed expedition against Egypt 0385-0383 B.C..1 He asked to mediate between Sparta and Athens, the greek city-states fighting the Great Peloponnesian War, leading to the King's Peace 0387 B.C..4 He executed his wifes servant, Gigas, who conspired with his mother to poison his wife, Statira, by having her head crushed between two large stones, the punishment for poisoners, and his mother he exiled, not against her will, to Babylon 0402 B.C..2 He faced a revolt by his brother, Cyrus, who gathered an army of Greek mercenaries and moved to attack him in Anatolia 0403 B.C..1,5 He almost assassinated by his brother, Cyrus, at his coronation, and as he was about to execute Cyrus, their mother interceded on Cyrus' behalf (Cyrus was her favourite son), she putting her neck alongside Cyrus', Artaxerxes relented and freed him, 0404 B.C..2 King of Persia, 0404-0359 B.C..5,6 He saw Amyrtaeus, Prince of Sais, declare himself King of Egypt ending complete Persian control 0405 B.C..7 King of Egypt, 0405-0359 B.C..8 "She [Parysatis] perceived he was desperately in love with Atossa, one of his own two daughters, and that he concealed and checked his passion chiefly for fear of herself, though, if we may believe some writers, he had privately given way to it with the young girl already. As soon as Parysatis suspected it, she displayed a greater fondness for the young girl than before, and extolled both her virtue and beauty to him, as being truly imperial and majestic. In fine she persuaded him to marry her and declare her to be his lawful wife, overriding all the principles and the laws by which the Greeks hold themselves bound, and regarding himself as divinely appointed for a law to the Persians, and the supreme arbitrator of good and evil." He married Statira of Armenia , daughter of Hydranes III of Armenia and N. N. (?) , 0420 B.C; His 1st.9,2,10 He was proclaimed successor (for Plutarch gives him a reign of sixty-two years) 0421 B.C..2 He was the son of King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid and Parysatis (?).2 He was born 0453 B.C.. The 1st son.11 He was the grandson of Artaxerxes the Longhanded, and the eldest son of his daughter Parysatis, and her half-brother Darius.10 He was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and soft in its action.2,10 Also called King Artaxerxes II of Egypt. Also called Arsicas His 1st name.2,10 Also called Artakhshassa II. Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. He was grandson of Artaxerxes I, by his daughter Parysatis and her husband, Darius.2 He was at first called Arsicas, and when he was proclaimed king, his name changed to Artaxerxes, in honor of his grandfather.2 King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid also went by the name of Artaxerxes II "the Mindful."2,10 Also called Artakhšaça II Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian.6
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid and Statira of Armenia :
    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes III Ochus Achaemenid + b. 0415 B.C., d. 0338 BCE
    Ariaspes Achaemenid b. 0416 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    Darius Achaemenid b. 0417 B.C., d. 0390 B.C.
    Rhodogune Achaemenid + b. 0419 B.C.
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid:
    Apama Achaemenid+ b. 0410 B.C.
    Arsames Achaemenid b. 0414 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-84. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S862] Various Encyclopædia Britannica 2001 Standard Edition CD-ROM (U.S.A.: Britannica.com Inc.
    , 1994-2000), Ariobarzanes (satrap of Phrygia) . Hereinafter cited as EB CD 2001.
    [S582] Mehan.com: From Ancient Persia to Contemporary Iran Selected Historical Milstones, online www.mehan.com. Hereinafter cited as Mehan.com.
    [S578] Fatih Cimok, Commagene Nemrut (Sifa Hamami Sokak 18, Sultanahmet 34400, Istanbul: A Turizm Yayinlari Ltd. Sti, 1995), pg. 55. Hereinafter cited as Commagene Nemrut.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1994), pg. 202. Hereinafter cited as Chronicle of the Pharaohs.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, pg. 198.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 412-80.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives, ARTAXERXES.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives, He died, in 359 B.C., at age 94..


    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid died 0359 B.C.. "Artaxerxes at that time had but a little hold on life, by reason of his extreme age, and so, when he heard of the fate of Arsames, he could not sustain it at all, but sinking at once under the weight of his grief and distress, expired, after a life of ninety-four years, and a reign of sixty-two."2 He put down a revolt by the satraps of western Anatolia 0366 B.C., circa.3 He was responsible for changes in Persia's religion, due to his failures, and saw the restoration of the worship of the earlier gods 0374 B.C..1 He conducted a second campaign against Egypt, which also failed, 0375-0374 B.C..1 He conducted a failed expedition against Egypt 0385-0383 B.C..1 He asked to mediate between Sparta and Athens, the greek city-states fighting the Great Peloponnesian War, leading to the King's Peace 0387 B.C..4 He executed his wifes servant, Gigas, who conspired with his mother to poison his wife, Statira, by having her head crushed between two large stones, the punishment for poisoners, and his mother he exiled, not against her will, to Babylon 0402 B.C..2 He faced a revolt by his brother, Cyrus, who gathered an army of Greek mercenaries and moved to attack him in Anatolia 0403 B.C..1,5 He almost assassinated by his brother, Cyrus, at his coronation, and as he was about to execute Cyrus, their mother interceded on Cyrus' behalf (Cyrus was her favourite son), she putting her neck alongside Cyrus', Artaxerxes relented and freed him, 0404 B.C..2 King of Persia, 0404-0359 B.C..5,6 He saw Amyrtaeus, Prince of Sais, declare himself King of Egypt ending complete Persian control 0405 B.C..7 King of Egypt, 0405-0359 B.C..8 "She [Parysatis] perceived he was desperately in love with Atossa, one of his own two daughters, and that he concealed and checked his passion chiefly for fear of herself, though, if we may believe some writers, he had privately given way to it with the young girl already. As soon as Parysatis suspected it, she displayed a greater fondness for the young girl than before, and extolled both her virtue and beauty to him, as being truly imperial and majestic. In fine she persuaded him to marry her and declare her to be his lawful wife, overriding all the principles and the laws by which the Greeks hold themselves bound, and regarding himself as divinely appointed for a law to the Persians, and the supreme arbitrator of good and evil." He married Statira of Armenia , daughter of Hydranes III of Armenia and N. N. (?) , 0420 B.C; His 1st.9,2,10 He was proclaimed successor (for Plutarch gives him a reign of sixty-two years) 0421 B.C..2 He was the son of King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid and Parysatis (?).2 He was born 0453 B.C.. The 1st son.11 He was the grandson of Artaxerxes the Longhanded, and the eldest son of his daughter Parysatis, and her half-brother Darius.10 He was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and soft in its action.2,10 Also called King Artaxerxes II of Egypt. Also called Arsicas His 1st name.2,10 Also called Artakhshassa II. Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. He was grandson of Artaxerxes I, by his daughter Parysatis and her husband, Darius.2 He was at first called Arsicas, and when he was proclaimed king, his name changed to Artaxerxes, in honor of his grandfather.2 King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid also went by the name of Artaxerxes II "the Mindful."2,10 Also called Artakhšaça II Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian.6
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid and Statira of Armenia :
    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes III Ochus Achaemenid + b. 0415 B.C., d. 0338 BCE
    Ariaspes Achaemenid b. 0416 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    Darius Achaemenid b. 0417 B.C., d. 0390 B.C.
    Rhodogune Achaemenid + b. 0419 B.C.
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid:
    Apama Achaemenid+ b. 0410 B.C.
    Arsames Achaemenid b. 0414 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-84. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S862] Various Encyclopædia Britannica 2001 Standard Edition CD-ROM (U.S.A.: Britannica.com Inc.
    , 1994-2000), Ariobarzanes (satrap of Phrygia) . Hereinafter cited as EB CD 2001.
    [S582] Mehan.com: From Ancient Persia to Contemporary Iran Selected Historical Milstones, online www.mehan.com. Hereinafter cited as Mehan.com.
    [S578] Fatih Cimok, Commagene Nemrut (Sifa Hamami Sokak 18, Sultanahmet 34400, Istanbul: A Turizm Yayinlari Ltd. Sti, 1995), pg. 55. Hereinafter cited as Commagene Nemrut.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1994), pg. 202. Hereinafter cited as Chronicle of the Pharaohs.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, pg. 198.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 412-80.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives, ARTAXERXES.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives, He died, in 359 B.C., at age 94..

 Parysatis Babylon     Parysatis (?) ordered the execution of, by gruesome torture, all the men involved in the death of her son Cyrus 0403 B.C..2 She married King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid, son of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid and Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I, 0454 B.C; Half-siblings.3,2 She was the daughter of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid.3,2 She was born 0470 B.C. In circa. She married Hydranes III of Armenia , son of Hydranes II of Armenia .4 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Gershevitch, I. (ed.) 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vo. 2, pp.349.
    Children of Parysatis (?) and King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid:
    Satrap of Lydia Cyrus "the Younger" Achaemenid b. 0424 B.C., d. 0403 B.C.
    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid+ b. 0453 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    [S1324] Xenophon, Anabasis Kyrou ("Upcountry March", or "The Expedition of Cyrus") (.: Globusz Publishing, Copyright © 2002), Book I, Chapter I. Hereinafter cited as Xenophon's Anabasis.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-85. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 414-84.

 475 BC - 404 BC Darius II Darayavahoush Achaemenid     King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid died 0404 B.C. In Springtime.1 He saw Egypt break away from the Kingdom 0404 B.C.. He reached the throne of Persia, and took the name of Darius, 0423 B.C..2 King of Persia, 0423-0404 B.C..3 King of Egypt, 0423-0405 B.C..4 He did some work on the temple of Amun is the Kharga oasis 0424 B.C. In Egypt.5 He was a weak ruler, dominated by his wife.1 He was the 5th ruler of the 27th Dynasty of Egypt 0424 B.C..5 Satrap of Hyrcania, southern shore of the Caspian Sea, 0425 B.C..6 He married Parysatis (?), daughter of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid, 0454 B.C; Half-siblings.1,7 He was the son of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid and Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I.6 He was born 0475 B.C..1 He was son of Artaxerxes (who had 18 sons in all) and a Babylonian concubine.2 King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid also went by the name of Darius II "the Bastard." Also called Dârayavauš II Hakhâmanišiya.6 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Gershevitch, I. (ed.) 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vo. 2, pp.342. Also called Ochus.6,2
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid and Parysatis (?):
    Satrap of Lydia Cyrus "the Younger" Achaemenid b. 0424 B.C., d. 0403 B.C.
    King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes II Mnemon Achaemenid+ b. 0453 B.C., d. 0359 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-85. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S1078] Plato and his dialogues, online . Hereinafter cited as Plato and his dialogues.
    [S578] Fatih Cimok, Commagene Nemrut (Sifa Hamami Sokak 18, Sultanahmet 34400, Istanbul: A Turizm Yayinlari Ltd. Sti, 1995), pg. 55. Hereinafter cited as Commagene Nemrut.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1994), pg. 198. Hereinafter cited as Chronicle of the Pharaohs.
    [S281] WWW - Egypt Home Page, online .. Hereinafter cited as e.Egypt.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.

 Kosmartydene     Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I associated with King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid, son of King of Persia and Egypt Xerxes I Achaemenid and Amestris of Persia, 0476 B.C; His 3rd.2 She was born 0491 B.C. In circa, Babylon.3 She was Babylonian.4
    Child of Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I and King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid:
    King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid+ b. 0475 B.C., d. 0404 B.C.
    [S197] Toby Dills, "A Descendant of Antiquity," gedcom file from e-mail address (e-mail address ) to Robert Stewart, 5 Feb 1999. Hereinafter cited as "Descendant of Antiquity".
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-86. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online , for place. Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S1078] Plato and his dialogues, online . Hereinafter cited as Plato and his dialogues.

 Esther Hadassah Xerses I Ahasuerus Persia Note: Also Pharaoh of Egypt Atossa Persia     tossa Achaemenid died 0480-0465 B.C..2 She married King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid, son of Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid  and Rhodogune (?) , 0522 B.C; His 2nd. Her 3rd. 3rd cousins.3,4 She married King of Persia and Egypt Cambyses II Achaemenid , son of Shahan Shah Cyrus II "the Great" Achaemenid and Cassandane Achaemenid , 0525 B.C. In circa; Her 2nd.3,1 She was born 0545 B.C..1,2 She was the daughter of Shahan Shah Cyrus II "the Great" Achaemenid and Princess Neithiyi of Egypt.4,5 Princess of Persia. Also called Hutautha.1 Also called Hattuosa.1 Sources: 2. Gershevitch, I. (ed.) 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vo. 2, pp.299.
    Children of Atossa Achaemenid and King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid:
    King of Persia and Egypt Xerxes I Achaemenid+ b. 0521 B.C., d. 0465 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 419-88. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S447] Anna Sybilla v. Mumm - eine Nachfahrin Pharao Ramses' in 105 Generationen?, online . Hereinafter cited as Anna v. Mumm to Ramses.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890). Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S1132] "A 4000-Year Old DFA", A 4000-Year Old Descent from Antiquity: From the 12th Egyptian Dynasty to the Capetians and Beyond., online soc.medieval.gen, printout dated May 2001. Previously published in hard copy (.: ., 1995–1998). Hereinafter cited as "DFA (4000 yr)".
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, Herodotus' History, 3.68, "If thou dost not know Smerdis son of Cyrus thyself, ask queen Atossa who it is with whom ye both live - she cannot fail to know her own brother

 Darius I Persia     King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid was buried in Naqsh-i-Rustam at Persepolis, Iran. The following inscription appears on his tomb: By the favor of the great god I believe in justice and abhor inequity. It is not my desire that the weak man should have wrong done to him by the mighty.2 He died 0486 B.C..1,3,4 He had his Egyptian subjects rise in revolt against Persian rule 0486 B.C..2 He invaded Greece, but defeated at the battle of Marathon, 0490 B.C..5 He embarked on his last campaign, crossing the Danube, defeating the european Scythians and subduing Thracia and Macedonia 0514 B.C.. He suppressed a new rebellion in Elam 0519 B.C.. He ordered the rulers of Syria and Phoenicia to leave Judea in peace 0520 B.C.. 1 Esdras 6:27 "So Darius commanded Sisinnes the governor of Syria and Phoenicia, and Sathrabuzanes, and their associates, and those who were appointed as local rulers in Syria and Phoenicia, to keep away from the place, and to permit Zerubbabel, the servant of the Lord and governor of Judaea, and the elders of the Jews to build this house of the Lord on its site."6 He was the 2nd ruler of the 27th Dynasty of Egypt 0521 B.C..7 He treated the Egyptians with respect and goodwill. During his reign he undertook the completion of the canal that extended from the Nile to the Red Sea. He also expanded the Serapeum at Saqqara as well as erected a large temple of Amun in el-Kharga, a southwestern oasis 0521 B.C..7 King of Egypt, 0521-0486 B.C..8 He succeeded Cambyses II, his third cousin, 0522 B.C.. He after recovering the throne he married two daughters of Cyrus as well as the only daughter of Bardiya, the son of Cyrus whom Camyses II killed, 0522 B.C.. He was already a father of three sons 0522 B.C.. He recoved the throne of Persia for the Achaemenid family, lost by his cousin Cambyses II, with the help of six of the greatest Persian noblemen, namely Gobryas, Hydarnes, Megabyzus, Intaphernes and Ardumanish, 0522 B.C.. They knew that they could not rely on the support of the common people, since the Magi were not only popular, but also feared, as they were known to kill anyone who knew the secret of their usurpation. In a singular act of daring, the chiefs, led by Darius, forced their way into the castle Sikayauvati, situated in Nisaya, a district in Media, where the Magi lived, and slew the usurpers and their supporters. He married Atossa Achaemenid, daughter of Shahan Shah Cyrus II "the Great" Achaemenid and Princess Neithiyi of Egypt, 0522 B.C; His 2nd. Her 3rd. 3rd cousins.9,10 King of Kings of Persia, 0522-0486 B.C..4 He started serving as a spear-man in the Royal Guard 0530 B.C.. He was the son of Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid  and Rhodogune (?) .11,12,1 He was born 0550 B.C.. The eldest son of Prince Hystaspes. "I am Darius the Great King, King of kings, King of countries containing in all kinds of men, King in this great earth far and wide, son of Hystaspes, an Acheamenian, a Persian, an Aryan, having Aryan lineage."3 " Of the above names Darius may be rendered "Worker," Xerxes "Warrior," and Artaxerxes "Great Warrior." And so might we call these kings in our own language with propriety."13 Also called Dârayavauš Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian. His Egyptian throne name, Setut-i-re, means "Likeness of Re."8
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid:
    Abrocomes Achaemenid d. 0480 B.C., August
    Hyperanthes Achaemenid d. 0480 B.C., August
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid and Atossa Achaemenid:
    King of Persia and Egypt Xerxes I Achaemenid+ b. 0521 B.C., d. 0465 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-88. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1994), pg. 200. Hereinafter cited as Chronicle of the Pharaohs.
    [S447] Anna Sybilla v. Mumm - eine Nachfahrin Pharao Ramses' in 105 Generationen?, online . Hereinafter cited as Anna v. Mumm to Ramses.
    [S582] Mehan.com: From Ancient Persia to Contemporary Iran Selected Historical Milstones, online www.mehan.com. Hereinafter cited as Mehan.com.
    [S288] Philosophy of History, online .. Hereinafter cited as PoH.
    [S282] ., 1769 Oxford Apocrypha (.: Cambridge University Press, .), 1 Esdras 6:27. Hereinafter cited as Apocrypha.
    [S281] WWW - Egypt Home Page, online .. Hereinafter cited as e.Egypt.
    [S715] Peter A. Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, pg. 198.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890). Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S1132] "A 4000-Year Old DFA", A 4000-Year Old Descent from Antiquity: From the 12th Egyptian Dynasty to the Capetians and Beyond., online soc.medieval.gen, printout dated May 2001. Previously published in hard copy (.: ., 1995–1998). Hereinafter cited as "DFA (4000 yr)".
    [S588] L.W. King and R.C. Thompson, The sculptures and inscription of Darius the Great on the rock of Behistûn in Persia (London: ., 1907). Hereinafter cited as The Behistun Inscription.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, Herodotus' History, 1.209, 6.98, 7.11.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, Herodotus' History, 6.98.


 Rhodogune     Rhodogune (?) married Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid, son of King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid, 0551 B.C; Her 2nd.1,2 She was born 0571 B.C.. She married governor of Judah Zerubbabel ha-David , son of Salathiel ha-David ; His 2nd.3
    Children of Rhodogune (?) and Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid:
    King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid + b. 0550 B.C., d. 0486 B.C.
    Child of Rhodogune (?) and governor of Judah Zerubbabel ha-David :
    Rhesa ha-David +
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-89. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S1083] Davidic Dynasty, online , "her 2nd". Hereinafter cited as Davidic Dynasty.
    [S1083] Davidic Dynasty, online .

 Vishtaspa Parthia     Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid died 0521 B.C. In after.1 Satrap of Parthia, Persian Empire, 0521 B.C..2 He put down the revolt in Hyrcana (after they had joined the Median rebel king Phraortes) by defeating the rebels near the Parthian town Patigrabana 0521 B.C. In July 11.2 He married Rhodogune (?) 0551 B.C; Her 2nd.1,3 He was the son of King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid.4,5 He was born 0570 B.C. In circa. Nearing 50 years old in 522 B.C.. Also called Vištâspa Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian.1,2
    Children of Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid and Rhodogune (?):
    King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid + b. 0550 B.C., d. 0486 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-89. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S1083] Davidic Dynasty, online , "her 2nd". Hereinafter cited as Davidic Dynasty.
    [S588] L.W. King and R.C. Thompson, The sculptures and inscription of Darius the Great on the rock of Behistûn in Persia (London: ., 1907). Hereinafter cited as The Behistun Inscription.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 1.209, 7.11. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.

 Neithiyti Egypt Cyrus II Persia King of Anzan 558-546, Great King of Persia 546-529, and in 539 King of Babylon, Summer, and Akkad by conquest.  Mandane Of The Medes Cambyses I Ashan And Media Casandra Cyrus I Ashan And Media Aryenis Lydia Astyages Medes Cyaxares Medes Khshathrita Medes Alyattes Lydia Sadyattes Lydia Ardys Lydia D. 652 B.C. Gyges Lydia Gyges of Lydia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Gyges was the founder of the third or Mermnad dynasty of Lydian kings and reigned from 687 BC to 652 BC (according to H. Gelzer. H. Winckler makes it 690 BC-657 BC).

The chronology of the Lydian kings given by Herodotus has been shown by the Assyrian inscriptions to be about twenty years in excess. Gyges was the son of Dascylus, who, when recalled from banishment in Cappadocia by the Lydian king Sadyates—called Candaules "the Dog-strangler" (a title of the Lydian Hermes) by the Greeks—sent his son back to Lydia instead of himself.

Gyges soon became a favourite of Sadyates and was dispatched by him to fetch Tudo, the daughter of Arnossus of Mysia, whom the Lydian king wished to make his queen. On the way Gyges fell in love with Tudo, who complained to Sadyates of his conduct. Forewarned that the king intended to punish him with death, Gyges assassinated Sadyates in the night and seized the throne with the help of Arselis of Mylasa, the captain of the Carian bodyguard, whom he had won over to his cause.

Civil war ensued, which was finally ended by an appeal to the oracle of Delphi and the confirmation of the right of Gyges to the crown by the Delphian god. Further to secure his title he married Tudo. Many legends were told among the Greeks about his rise to power. That found in Herodotus, which may be traced to the poet Archilochus of Paros, described how "Candaules" insisted upon showing Gyges his wife when unrobed, which so enraged her that she gave Gyges the choice of murdering her husband and making himself king, or of being put to death himself. Plato made Gyges a shepherd, who discovered a magic ring by means of which he murdered his master and won the affection of his wife.

Once established on the throne, Gyges devoted himself to consolidating his kingdom and making it a military power. The Troad was conquered, Colophon captured from the Greeks, Smyrna besieged and alliances entered into with Ephesus and Miletus. The Cimmerii, who had ravaged Asia Minor, were beaten back, and an embassy was sent to Assur-bani-pal at Nineveh (about 650 BC) in the hope of obtaining his help against the barbarians. The Assyrians, however, were otherwise engaged, and Gyges turned to Egypt, sending his faithful Carian troops along with Ionian mercenaries to assist Psammetichus in shaking off the Assyrian yoke (660 BC).

A few years later he fell in battle against the Cimmerii under Dugdamme (called Lygdamis by Strabo i. 3. 21), who took the lower town of Sardis. Gyges was succeeded by his son Ardysus.

Many Bible scholars believe that Gyges of Lydia was the Biblical figure of Gog, ruler of Magog, who is mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel and the Book of Revelation.

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.

fell in battle against the Cimmerii under Dugdamme Wahibre Ha' A' Ib.Re Takhauat Of Athribis Psamtek II Nefer.Ib. Re Chedebnitjerbone Necho II Wehem. Ib.Re 682 BC Mehetenweskhet Heliopolis Psamtek I Wehem. Ib.Re 712 BC Harsiese Heliopolis Istemabat Necho I Meni Kheper.Re Nekau Ba Irib.Re     Jamie Allen's Family Tree & Ancient Genealogical Allegations

    aka Nechepso, 3rd King of 26th Dynasty

 Bakenraneis Wah Ka Re Tefnakhte Shepese Re Osorkon IV Ma     Allen's Family Tree & Ancient Genealogical Allegations
    Tour Egypt Website
    10th & final pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty

    Osorkon IV
    (Akheperre-setepenamun)
    735-712 B.C.
    22nd Dynasty

    Osorkon IV was the tenth and final ruler of the Twenty-second Dynasty. During his reign, Hoshea, the king of Israel, sent messengers to Osorkon in Egypt. He was requesting help against Shalmaneser V. No help was sent. Samaria was captured and the Israelites were taken away to Assyria. There was also threats from Sargon II, who was the Assyrian king. To try to avoid an attack, Osorkon IV tried a rich gift and it apparently worked. The Assyrian king came no further.


 Karomat V Pimay Egypt Jamie Allen's Family Tree & Ancient Genealogical Allegations
Tour Egypt Website
8th Pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty

Pami
(Usermare-setepenre Pimay)(Pemay)
783-773 B.C.
22nd Dynasty

Pami was the eighth king of the Twenty-second Dynasty. He reigned for approximately six years following the fifty-two year reign of Shoshenq III. Pemay is translated to "The Cat". Esankh Djedbastesankh Memphis Shoshink III Egypt ABT 870 BC Karoma Mertmout II Thebes Takelot II Egypt Karomat II Egypt Harsiesis Egypt Iuput Egypt Achaeus of Syria Aesopia of Macedonia Roxane of Sogdia Oxyartes of Sogdia Barsine of Persia Darius Codmannus of Persia Statira D. 336 BC Arsames of Persia Sisygambis of Persia Hydranes of Armenia Hydranes of Armenia Alexander Temenid Alexander the Great (356-323 bc), king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times.

Alexander, born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia, was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia, and of Olympias, a princess of Epirus. Aristotle was Alexander's tutor; he gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy. In the summer of 336 bc Philip was assassinated, and Alexander ascended to the Macedonian throne. He found himself surrounded by enemies at home and threatened by rebellion abroad. Alexander disposed quickly of all conspirators and domestic enemies by ordering their execution. Then he descended on Thessaly (Thessalia), where partisans of independence had gained ascendancy, and restored Macedonian rule. Before the end of the summer of 336 bc he had reestablished his position in Greece and was elected by a congress of states at Corinth. In 335 bc as general of the Greeks in a campaign against the Persians, originally planned by his father, he carried out a successful campaign against the defecting Thracians, penetrating to the Danube River. On his return he crushed in a single week the threatening Illyrians and then hastened to Thebes, which had revolted. He took the city by storm and razed it, sparing only the temples of the gods and the house of the Greek lyric poet Pindar, and selling the surviving inhabitants, about 8000 in number, into slavery. Alexander's promptness in crushing the revolt of Thebes brought the other Greek states into instant and abject submission.

Alexander began his war against Persia in the spring of 334 bc by crossing the Hellespont (modern Dardanelles) with an army of 35,000 Macedonian and Greek troops; his chief officers, all Macedonians, included Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus. At the river Granicus, near the ancient city of Troy, he attacked an army of Persians and Greek mercenaries totaling 40,000 men. His forces defeated the enemy and, according to tradition, lost only 110 men; after this battle all the states of Asia Minor submitted to him. In passing through Phrygia he is said to have cut with his sword the Gordian knot. Continuing to advance southward, Alexander encountered the main Persian army, commanded by King Darius III, at Issus, in northeastern Syria. The size of Darius's army is unknown; the ancient tradition that it contained 500,000 men is now considered a fantastic exaggeration. The Battle of Issus, in 333, ended in a great victory for Alexander. Cut off from his base, Darius fled northward, abandoning his mother, wife, and children to Alexander, who treated them with the respect due to royalty. Tyre, a strongly fortified seaport, offered obstinate resistance, but Alexander took it by storm in 332 after a siege of seven months. Alexander captured Gaza next and then passed on into Egypt, where he was greeted as a deliverer. By these successes he secured control of the entire eastern Mediterranean coastline. Later in 332 he founded, at the mouth of the Nile River, the city of Alexandria, which later became the literary, scientific, and commercial center of the Greek world. Cyrene, the capital of the ancient North African kingdom of Cyrenaica, submitted to Alexander soon afterward, extending his dominion to Carthaginian territory.

In the spring of 331 Alexander made a pilgrimage to the great temple and oracle of Amon-Ra, Egyptian god of the sun, whom the Greeks identified with Zeus. The earlier Egyptian pharaohs were believed to be sons of Amon-Ra; and Alexander, the new ruler of Egypt, wanted the god to acknowledge him as his son. The pilgrimage apparently was successful, and it may have confirmed in him a belief in his own divine origin. Turning northward again, he reorganized his forces at Tyre and started for Babylon with an army of 40,000 infantry and 7000 cavalry. Crossing the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, he met Darius at the head of an army of unknown size, which, according to the exaggerated accounts of antiquity, was said to number a million men; this army he completely defeated in the Battle of Gaugamela, on October 1, 331 bc. Darius fled as he had done at Issus and was later slain by one of his own satraps. Babylon surrendered after Gaugamela, and the city of Susa with its enormous treasures was soon conquered. Then, in midwinter, Alexander forced his way to Persepolis, the Persian capital. After plundering the royal treasuries and taking other rich booty, he burned the city during a drunken binge and thus completed the destruction of the ancient Persian Empire. His domain now extended along and beyond the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, including modern Afghanistan and Baluchistan, and northward into Bactria and Sogdiana, the modern Western Turkistan, also known as Central Asia. It had taken Alexander only three years, from the spring of 330 bc to the spring of 327 bc, to master this vast area.

In order to complete his conquest of the remnants of the Persian Empire, which had once included part of western India, Alexander crossed the Indus River in 326 bc, and invaded the Punjab as far as the river Hyphasis (modern Beas); at this point the Macedonians rebelled and refused to go farther. He then constructed a fleet and passed down the Indus, reaching its mouth in September 325 bc. The fleet then sailed to the Persian Gulf. With his army, he returned overland across the desert to Media. Shortages of food and water caused severe losses and hardship among his troops. Alexander spent about a year organizing his dominions and completing a survey of the Persian Gulf in preparation for further conquests. He arrived in Babylon in the spring of 323 bc. In June he contracted a fever and died. He left his empire, in his own words, “to the strongest”; this ambiguous testament resulted in dire conflicts for half a century.

Alexander was one of the greatest generals of all time, noted for his brilliance as a tactician and troop leader and for the rapidity with which he could traverse great expanses of territory. He was usually brave and generous, but could be cruel and ruthless when politics demanded. The theory has been advanced that he was actually an alcoholic having, for example, killed his friend Clitus in a drunken fury. He later regretted this act deeply. As a statesman and ruler he had grandiose plans; according to many modern historians he cherished a scheme for uniting the East and the West in a world empire, a new and enlightened “world brotherhood of all men.” He trained thousands of Persian youths in Macedonian tactics and enrolled them in his army. He himself adopted Persian manners and married Eastern wives, namely, Roxana (died about 311 bc), daughter of Oxyartes of Sogdiana, and Barsine (or Stateira; died about 323 bc), the elder daughter of Darius; and he encouraged and bribed his officers to take Persian wives. Shortly before he died, Alexander ordered the Greek cities to worship him as a god. Although he probably gave the order for political reasons, he was, in his own view and that of his contemporaries, of divine birth. The order was largely nullified by his death shortly after he issued it.

To bind his conquests together, Alexander founded a number of cities, most of them named Alexandria, along his line of march; these cities were well located, well paved, and provided with good water supplies. Greek veterans from his army settled in them; young men, traders, merchants, and scholars were attracted to them; Greek culture was introduced; and the Greek language became widely known. Thus, Alexander vastly extended the influence of Greek civilization and prepared the way for the kingdoms of the Hellenistic period and the conquests of the Roman Empire.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Andromachus of Syria Miss Baktria N. N. of Bithynia married Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria 0341 B.C.1 She was born 0360 B.C.. She was the daughter of Satrap of Daskyleon Artabazos III Arshâmid.1 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23.
Child of N. N. of Bithynia and Satrap Spitamenes of Bactria:
Apama II of Bactria+ b. 0340 B.C.
[S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-81. Hereinafter cited as RfC. Alpama Cyrus I Ashan And Media Khshathrita Medes Sisygambis of Persia Karomat II Egypt 380 B.C. Antiochus Macedonia 375 B.C. Laodice Seleucus Oxarthes of Persia of Arsames of Persia Ostanes of Persia Ostanes of Persia Dascylus Lydia ~765 B.C. Harkhebi of Heliopolis Takentese of Heliopolis ABT 888 BC Nimlot Thebes ABT 0905 BC - ABT 0850 BC Osorkon Egypt ABT 0905 BC Djedmutesankh ABT 0886 BC Shoshenk Egypt ABT 0935 BC - ABT 0874 BC Takelot Egypt ABT 0935 BC Kapes Antiochus I Soter Syria     King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid died 0261 B.C. In circa. He was killed in battle against Pergamum.1,2 He engaged in a war against Eumenes I, ruler of Pergamum in Asia Minor, 0263-0261 B.C..2 He fought against Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt in what was called the 1st Syrian War 0274-0271 B.C.. He won a great victory over the Gauls (Celts) in Asia Minor 0275 B.C..1 He made an alliance with Antigonos II of the Antigonid House, renouncing all claim to Macedonia 0278 B.C..3 King of Syria, 0280-0261 B.C.. He married Queen of Upper Asia Stratonike I Antigonid , daughter of King of Phrygia and Macedonia Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonid  and Phila I Antipatrid , 0294 B.C; His 1st. Her 2nd. Step-mother.4,1,5 He was the son of King of Syria Seleucus I Nicator of Macedonia  and Apama II of Bactria . He was born 0324 B.C..1,2 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 415. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734. King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid also went by the name of Antiochus I "the Preserver."
    Children of King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid and Queen of Upper Asia Stratonike I Antigonid :
    King of Syria Antiochos II Theos Seleucid+ b. 0287 B.C., d. 0246 B.C.
    Apama Seleucid + b. 0293 B.C.
    Child of King of Syria Antiochos I Soter Seleucid:
    Princess of Syria Antiochis Seleucid + b. 0289 BCE
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 415-79. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S262] Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99 Software (Redmond, Washington: Microsoft, 1999), "Antiochus I," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.. Hereinafter cited as MS Encarta 99.
    [S669] M. B. Sakellariou, Macedonia, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization, Greek Lands in History (8, Philadelphias Street, Athens, Greece: Ekdotike Athenon S.A., 1983/1988), pg. 139. Hereinafter cited as Sakellariou.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 427-79.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996), DEMETRIUS. Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.

 Vishtaspa Parthia     Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid died 0521 B.C. In after.1 Satrap of Parthia, Persian Empire, 0521 B.C..2 He put down the revolt in Hyrcana (after they had joined the Median rebel king Phraortes) by defeating the rebels near the Parthian town Patigrabana 0521 B.C. In July 11.2 He married Rhodogune (?) 0551 B.C; Her 2nd.1,3 He was the son of King of Persia Arsames Achaemenid.4,5 He was born 0570 B.C. In circa. Nearing 50 years old in 522 B.C.. Also called Vištâspa Hakhâmanišiya old-Persian.1,2
    Children of Satrap of Parthia Hystaspes Achaemenid and Rhodogune (?):
    King of Persia and Egypt Darius I "the Great" Achaemenid + b. 0550 B.C., d. 0486 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-89. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S1083] Davidic Dynasty, online , "her 2nd". Hereinafter cited as Davidic Dynasty.
    [S588] L.W. King and R.C. Thompson, The sculptures and inscription of Darius the Great on the rock of Behistûn in Persia (London: ., 1907). Hereinafter cited as The Behistun Inscription.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 1.209, 7.11. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.

 504 BC - 425 BC Artaxerxes I Persia     King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid was buried in Naqsh-e Rustam.2 He died 0425 BCE in Susa, Elam [now in Iran].2 He appointed Nehemiah as Governor of Judaea 0445 B.C..1 He sanctioned practice of the Jewish religion in Jerusalem 0458 B.C..1 He put down a rebellion in Bactria, and a more serious one in Egypt 0460-0454 B.C..1 He was the 4th ruler of the 27th Dynasty of Egypt 0465 B.C..3 He was raised to the throne by the commander of the guard, Artabanus, who had murdered Xerxes, and a few months later slew Artabanus in a hand-to-hand fight.2 King of Persia and Egypt, 0465-0425 BCE.2 He associated with Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I 0476 B.C; His 3rd.1 He was the son of King of Persia and Egypt Xerxes I Achaemenid and Amestris of Persia.4,2,5 He was born 0500 B.C..1 He was younger son of Xerxes I and Amestris.2 He was the son of Xerxes.6 He was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left.6 He was among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and noble spirit.6 He was among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and noble spirit.4 Also called Artakhsaca I Hakhamanisiya old-Persian.7 Also called Artaxerxes Makrocheir Greek.7 Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Gershevitch, I. (ed.) 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vo. 2, pp.334. "Makrocheir" is Greek for "with the long hand." He was surnamed "the Long-handed," because his right hand was longer than his left. (Plutarch).7,4 King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid also went by the name of Artaxerxes "the Longhanded."4,6 Also called Artaxshassa.8
    Children of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid:
    Parysatis (?)+ b. 0470 B.C.
    Child of King of Persia and Egypt Artaxerxes I Longimanus Achaemenid and Cosmartidene , a concubine of Artaxerxes I:
    King of Persia and Egypt Darius II Nothus Achaemenid+ b. 0475 B.C., d. 0404 B.C.
    [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners: The Complete Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, Kings of England, and Queen Philippa (.: ., 3rd Ed., 1998), 414-86. Hereinafter cited as RfC.
    [S862] Various Encyclopedia Britannica 2001 Standard Edition CD-ROM (U.S.A.: Britannica.com Inc.
    , 1994-2000), Artaxerxes I (k. of Pers.). Hereinafter cited as EB CD 2001.
    [S281] WWW - Egypt Home Page, online .. Hereinafter cited as e.Egypt.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, editor, Plutarch's Lives (Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg, October 1996). Hereinafter cited as Plutarch's Lives.
    [S723] Herodotus of Halicarnassus, The History of Herodotus (London and New York: MacMillan and Co., 1890), 6.98. Hereinafter cited as Herodotus' History.
    [S931] A.H. Clough, Plutarch's Lives, ARTAXERXES.
    [S583] Ancient Persia, online . Hereinafter cited as Ancient Persia.
    [S288] Philosophy of History, online .. Hereinafter cited as PoH.

 549 B.C. Abihail Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Date: 19 JAN 2005
 579 B.C. Shimei Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Date: 19 JAN 2005 609 B.C. Kish Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Date: 19 JAN 2005 639 B.C. Abiel ~669 B.C. Zeror 699 B.C. Bechorath Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : Jan.-04-Weaver&Sanders.ged
Date: 19 JAN 2005 729 B.C. Aphiah D. 690 BC Haramket of Egypte D. 702 BC Shabaka of Kush Qalhata of Kush ~805 BC - 751 BC Maatre Kashte of Kush Pebtjma of Kush Peksatre of Kush Piankhi of Kush Piankhi of Kush Aqualqa of Kush D. Bef. 716 BC Piankhi of Kush Generated by GenoPro®. Click here for details.