General Notes

Descent From Antiquity" FROM MOSES: gateway from Africa to Europe http://www.angelfire.com/ego/et_deo/africa2europe.wps.htm  The Kingdom of Kush [Nubia], called [The] "Sudan" ["The Black Land"], the ancient name for Central Africa, that is, the Kushite or Nubian Empire in Africa, whose first capital city was at (a) Qustul [the oldest city in Africa; called the site of the world's oldest monarchy], then, at (b) Khartoum, and, finally at (c) Kerma called (1) the pre-X-Group period c 3000-1000BC.  The Nubian Royal House was not Egypt's "Dynasty 0", as some would want to make it, for they were entirely separate dynasties, ethnic groups, and nations [though contemporary].  The Nubians are called Kushites in history-books, which is their earliest name. The Kushite emperors at one time extended their sway throughout the whole of Central Africa and had a great empire, which the Arabs called "The Black Land", that stretched from sea to sea.  It has been overlooked by historians that the Moses of Bible fame sired a long line of kings. Deut. 9:13-14 records that God told Moses that "I will make of thee [Moses] a nation mightier and greater than they [the Hebrews]"; yet, though Moses interceded for the people [the Hebrews], and turned away God's wrath (v. 18-19, 22-29) it did not negate God's promise to make Moses a nation. Legend refers to a civil war in which the main-line of the dynasty [which relocated elsewhere] challenged the descendants of MOSES, founder of the Nation Israel and its religion, Judaism, and his [2nd] "Ethiopian" wife, called T[h]arbis, daughter of Perehu [Piori II], King of Kush [Nubia/Sudan], and, wife, Queen Iteye [Eti] of Punt [= Phut] [prob. Libya]. Moses, "Prince of Egypt", army-commander of Egyptian forces, warred with Nubia, and received the surrender of the royal citadel at Saba, the Nubian city-state later called "Meroe". It is unsure exactly when Moses married the Nubian princess; whether then following the Nubian campaign, or later sent for her? Later, T[h]arbis, who, due to protests of her marriage by Miriam, who was Moses' sister, during an episode while encamped in the Sinai Peninsula (Num. 12:1), returned to her father's court in Nubia carrying Moses' son (Josephus, "Antiquities", ii, 10.2), whose name is preserved in ancient texts as Awawa, or spelt: Agaua, who reigned as the first king of a new dynasty of the Kushite Empire, c 1350BC [dates BC are approximate]. The Kushite, or Nubian, King Awawa [Agaua], who may have been MOSES himself; was fiercely disliked by the Egyptians, who smashed sculptures of the Nubian King or anything onto which his name was found written when on one occasion the Egyptians overran the country [Kush/Nubia] and destroyed its capital-city, however, despite their intentions, his name survives!  A later descendant, the Kushite King Nedjeh took over Egyptian forts along the Egypt-Nubia border during a period of the decline of Egypt's power and the beginnings of Nubian expansion, c 1000BC. The descendants of Moses begotten of the Kushite princess became the third dynasty of Kush [Nubia/Sudan], whose emperors during periods held sway over the whole of "Black Africa". The supporters for the son, or heirs, of Moses, prevailed in a civil war over those of the Kushite/Nubian crown-prince, Qadamawi Akbunas, representing the male-line of the Kushite royal house who relocated to Ethiopia, where he established his descendants as Ethiopia's first dynasty of kings. The first dynasty of Ethiopia at Axum, the Axumite Empire [Ethiopia], was an off-shoot of the Kushite royal house, indications are that it was its senior-line overthrown by a secondary-line, the Mosaic-Line. The original Kushite dynasty of Ethiopia [52 monarchs] ended in the male-line with an heiress, Queen Makeda, the famous "Queen of Sheba", whose son by King Solomon of Israel, Menelik, founded another Axumite dynasty, which by male-line descent was Jewish by race.  Meantime, the descendants of Moses, styled "Prince of Egypt", onetime heir to the Egyptian throne, ironically finally sat on Egypt's throne as Pharaohs, which was Egypt's 25th-Dynasty. It was at this time that the Nubian capital city was transferred from Kerma to Napata, near the Nile's Fourth Cataract, called (2) the Napatan Period 1000-500BC, but in the sixth century BC, after the collapse of Nubian power in Egypt, under threat from the Egyptians, who captured and destroyed Napata, the capital city was transferred further south to Meroe, situated between the Fifth and Sixth Cataracts, called (3) the Meroitic Period 500BC-AD339.  The Kushite Emperor Arkamaniqo [GK: Ergamenes], called "the Nubian Alexander", was famous throughout the civilized Mediterranean world, circa 275/250BC. He conquered the whole of Central Africa, and warred with King Ptolemy II "Philadelphos" of Egypt [285-246BC] in his expansion northwards. The Kushite [Nubian] royal house also gave Meroe at least three queens whose name was Candice: (1) the Nubian queen Candice whom Alexander "The Great" slept with 332BC, the mother of one of his many illegitimate sons, who appears to have spawned a new Nubian dynasty [the "Alexander" dynasty], which only produced one king; (2) there is another Queen Candice alive in 30BC, and, she must be identified with Queen Amanirenas, who defeated the Roman forces, under General Petronius, in battles at Aswan, Philae, and Elephantine, 24-21BC; and (3) the Queen Candice alive in AD35 who is mentioned in Acts (8:27), and, who was to later allow the Roman centurions of the Roman Emperor Nero to pass through Meroe on their way to search for the source of the Nile in AD60.  There was an uninterrupted line of succession for over a thousand years until AD 339, when the Kushite or Nubian Empire of Sudan [Nubia] was conquered by King Aeizanes of Axum [Ethiopia]; who took captive the Nubian Royal House back to Ethiopia at first as prisoners, who were later released and became powerful Ethiopian chieftains, whose descendants in Ethiopia became the Agew tribe, whose hereditary chieftains were Ethiopia's Zagwe Dynasty, whose name "Zagwe" is thought to be derived from the words "Ze" + "Agew" [= which means "of Agew"], whose tribal seat was located at various sites, including modern Gojjam, and eventually establishing themselves at Rhoa in the Ethiopian province of Lasta.  Meantime, the crippled Nubian Nation continued to be governed by three rival contenders of the dispossessed Old Nubian Royal House, supported by their own political parties, established three rivaling governments-in-exile; (a) one at Faras, (b) another at Dongola, and (c) the third at Shobo [which was also called the Alwah kingdom], which were the three successor-states to the Nubian Kingdom of Meroe. The dynasties of these three city-states represented three branches of the Meroitic Royal House, meantime, another branch, the Zawge, flourished in the Ethiopian province of Lasta, which is called (4) the sub-X-Group period AD 300s-1300s; after then the Nubians were conquered by Islamic Arabians who destroyed the three Nubian kingdoms. The remnants of the Nubians established themselves in many petty-states in Central Africa on the Niger River, one of which, Mbanza Kongo, capital-city of (5) the Congo kingdom, called the new-X-Group period, grew to be the capital-city of the great Congolese empire, which was the last great native Kushite/Nubian empire in Africa of the Pre-European Period, circa AD 1300s to the 1500s.  The kingdom fell into decline after the death of King Nzinga-Mpangu, whose son, Henrique, was pressured to abdicate by the Portugese, in 1568, ending the great age of the ancient dynasty of the Kushite kings/emperors.  Meantime, the Zagwe [the Mosiac Line] thrived in Ethiopia and even onetime established itself on the Ethiopian throne. quote: http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Ethiopia/zagwe.htm gives much the same information as "Host Kingdom", and states, the Zagwe usurped the Ethiopian throne and held it about 300 years. There were eleven Zagwe emperors. The last was convinced to step aside and allow the "rightful [Solomonic] heir", Yekonu Amlak, to assume the throne.