General Notes

Source: (1) P.C. Bartrum, editor, Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts,
(University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1966), 28-29., (2) Frederick Lewis
Weis & Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., Ancestral Roots of certain American
colonists..., (Edition 7, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore,
1992), 176-7.

From David Walker, "Medieval Wales," Cambridge University Press, 1990:
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth ... "came from distinguished stock: his father was
Iorwerth, son of Owain Gwynedd, and his mother was Margaret, daughter of
Madog ap Maredudd of Powys. Iowerth died soon after the birth of his son
..."

Walker's chart on page 102 shows he had one son, Gruffydd (d. 1244), out
of wedlock by Tangwystl, daughter of Llywarch Goch of Rhos.  Llywelyn
married Joan, [only known illegitimate daughter of King John whose mother
is said to have been Clementia].  They had five children: (1) Dafydd (d.
1246) who married Isabel de Braose; (2) Gwenllian (d. 1281) who married
William de Lacy; (3) Helen who married John, earl of Chester; (4) Gwadus
Ddu (d. 1251) who married, first, Reginald de Braose of Brecknock (d.
1228), and second, Ralph Mortimer (d. 1246); (5) Margaret who married,
first, John de Braose of Gower (d. 1232), and second, Walter Clifford
(d.1263).

Chris Given-Wilson and Alice Curteis in "The Royal Bastards of Medieval
England" (page 129) say that "Joan's own children were David and Ellen.
David succeeded his father as prince of North Wales in 1240, and Ellen
married first John Scot, earl of Chester and heir to the Scottish throne
before he died in 1237, then Robert de Quincy.  Joan's two stepdaughters
were called Gladys and Margaret."
Llewellyn married in 1206 (2) Joan, the illegitimate daughter of King
John of England (by Agatha Ferrers).
Joan died February 2, 1237. They had a son, Davydd.

At first Llewellyn was a friend of King John, but their friendship soon
ended and in 1211 John reduced him to submission. However, in the
following year, Llewellyn recovered all his losses in North Wales and, in
1215, he took Shrewsbury. His rising had been encouraged by the Pope, by
France and by the English Barons.

Throughout his reign John and Llewellyn were friends or foes according to
the dictates of intelligent
self-interest. Llewellyn aimed at a united Wales under his rule and
resisting the threat to local
independence offered by the increasing royal power of the kingdom of
England. Later Llewellyn managed
to make alliances with the Anglo-Norman lords of the Marches, not only
with his old friend the Earl of
Chester, but also with the Mortimers and the Braoses. With these families
Llewellyn had personal links, as his daughters married members of all of
them.

Llewelyn died at sixty-five from a stroke on April 11, 1240, at
Aberconway Abbey.