General Notes
The Encyclopaedia Britannica described Bertrada's affair with Philip I of France as a "marriage" (they used the quotation marks to denote an "iffy" marriage), which led to several excommunications by the Pope. Naturally the Pope was also having political problems with Philip at the same time, which might have had something to do with his displeasure. Leo van de Pas gave the 1093 date for the "marriage".
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