Click to enlarge/reduce the GenoMap image Hide this GenoMap frame

Family Subtree Diagram : ..Henry Percy (1449)

PLEASE NOTE: If you do not see a GRAPHIC IMAGE of a family tree here but are seeing this text instead then it is most probably because the web server is not correctly configured to serve svg pages correctly. see http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/SVG:Server_Configuration for information on how to correctly configure a web server for svg files. ? Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Parent Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Parent Parent Biological Child Biological Child Biological Child Marriage (three children) Marriage (four children) Marriage (three children) Marriage (two children) (two children) Marriage (three children) (four children) (two children) (five children) (eleven children) Marriage (two children) (three children) (three children) (three children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (three children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (twelve children) (four children) (a child) (nine children) (a child) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (three children) (three children) (three children) (a child) (four children) (four children) (a child) (a child) (two children) (seven children) (a child) (four children) (a child) (two children) (two children) (three children) (a child) (four children) (two children) (four children) (two children) (five children) (a child) (two children) (two children) (two children) (a child) (four children) (two children) (two children) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) (a child) 1075 Bernard Baliol 1024 - 1087 William de Normandie 62 62 Duke of Normandy (as Guillaume II )
William I of England, William of Normandy, William the Conqueror and William the Bastard. He was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and Herleva, the daughter of a tanner. Born in Falaise, Normandy, now in France, William succeeded to the throne of England by right of conquest by winning the Battle of Hastings in 1066 in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. William succeeded to his fathers Duchy of Normandy at the young age of 7 in 1035 and was known as Duke William II of Normandy. He lost three guardians to plots to usurp his place. King Henry I of France knighted him at the age of 15. By the time he turned 19 he was himself successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. With the assistance of King Henry, William finally secured control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen in the Battle of Val-s-Dunes in 1047. William The Conqueror, or The Bastard, or William Of Normandy, French Guillaume Le Conqubbrant, or Le Bbbtard, or Guillaume De Normandieduke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages. He made himself the mightiest feudal lord in France and then changed the course of England's history by his conquest of that country. William was the elder of two children of Robert I of Normandy and his concubine Herleva, or Arlette, the daughter of a burgher from the town of Falaise. In 1035 Robert died when returning from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and William, his only son, whom he had nominated as his heir before his departure, was accepted as duke by the Norman magnates and his feudal overlord, King Henry I of France. William and his friends had to overcome enormous obstacles. His illegitimacy (he was generally known as the Bastard) was a handicap, and he had to survive the collapse of law and order that accompanied his accession as a child. Three of William's guardians died violent deaths before he grew up, and his tutor was murdered. His father's kin were of little help; most of them thought that they stood to gain by the boy's death. But his mothe rmanaged to protect William through the most dangerous period. These early difficulties probably contributed to his strength of purpose and his dislike of lawlessness and misrule. By 1042, when William reached his 15th year, was knighted, and began to play a personal part in the affairs of his duchy, the worst was over.But his attempts to recover rights lost during the anarchy and to bring disobedient vassals and servants to heel inevitably led to trouble. From 1046 until 1055 he dealt with a series of baronial rebellions, mostly led by kinsmen . Occasionally he was in great danger and had to rely on Henry of France for help. In 1047 Henry and William defeated a coalition of Norman rebels at Val-bbs-Dunes, southeast of Caen. It was in these years that William learned to fight and rule. (Wikipedia)
 1345 - 1378 Maud de Percy 33 33 # Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
# Note: Page: 207-33
# Note: Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
# Note: Page: 14
# Note: Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
# Note: Page: 45-6, 8-8

Warkworth Castle ~ Warkworth, Northumberland  (EH)
http://www.heritage.me.uk/castles/warkworth.htm

Although the place of Warkworth is at least as old as the eighth century, the first castle built here was in the mid-twelfth century, a motte and bailey structure probably of wood. This original castle was built by Earl Henry of Northumberland who was the son of King David I of Scotland, who held the land at that time. The site was on high ground at one side of the peninsula of land formed by the curving River Coquet, with the village and river crossing protected by the castle.

By 1158 however, Northumberland was back in the hands of the English King Henry II and he gave the lands and castle to Roger FitzRichard, whose descendants retained it until the mid-fourteenth century. Roger set about building a stone castle immediately and the pressing need for a fully defensible home and garrison was proved as early as 1173, when Warkworth was easily captured by a Scottish raiding party. Work continued under Roger's son Robert and the castle grew, funded by the services to King John that Robert undertook. The village church also dates from the twelfth century and the interior retains the most complete Norman church in Northumberland, the stonework showing the influence of the great cathedral at Durham to the south. Robert completed the gatehouse and other parts of the castle and construction continued during the thirteenth century.

In 1292, Warkworth was considered grand and safe enough for the English King Edward I to visit and it was garrisoned with troops during the Anglo-Scottish wars. The financial upkeep was shared between the family, who had by then taken the name Clavering, and the King, who gained full control over the land and castle when the Claverings died out in 1332. In 1327, the castle had been besieged twice by the Scots and with its important strategic position, King Edward II in London granted it to the influential Percy family, to provide a full-time defence against the Scots. The Percys already held the nearby castle of Alnwick and the family, who became effective royalty in Northumberland, lived and built at both properties.

At Warkworth they built the Grey Mare's Tail Tower on the east side and altered the Carrickfergus Tower, the solar, or private lord's apartment and the chapel in the south-west corner. The Hermitage, along the river from the castle, also dates from the early fourteenth century. This secluded but not remote spot was home to a hermit, supported by the Percys, who spent his life in prayer and contemplation. The Chapel cut from the rock is the earliest part of the Hermitage and shows how much time and money must have been spent on its carving. Alongside the political and warlike life that the Percys led, they had a care for the spiritual side of life as the two chapels in the castle and the additional Hermitage shows. In later centuries the Hermitage was expanded and altered and the hermit's life gradually became more comfortable. In the 1530's, the resident hermit, George Lancastre, drew a salary of £13-6s-8d and acted as the sixth earl's Warkworth agent.

In the late fourteenth century, the magnificent keep was built by Henry Percy IV, a feature which still today dominates the castle and village around it. The keep was an entire castle within the existing castle, so that as well as proclaiming his power and prestige to the surrounding countryside and all visitors, the Earl could accommodate his most important visitors in a separate household from himself. Also dating from around this time is the fortified bridge over the river at the other end of the village. This Henry, who became the first Earl of Northumberland, set a pattern of rebellion against the English royalty which was to see the Percy estates, including Warkworth, pass to and from the Percy and Royal families (for details see Alnwick Castle). Further building was carried out by the family in the early fifteenth century, the second earl planning a collegiate church across the outer bailey which was however never finished and the fourth earl completing the Montague Tower, begun under the brief ownership of Warkworth by John Neville. The fifth earl didn't live much at Warkworth, although he did spend money on repairs, but the sixth earl frequently visited and repaired the Montague Tower and the gatehouse in the early sixteenth century. In order to propitiate the King, Henry VIII, the earl left all his Percy property to the Crown on his death in 1537.

The gradual and sad decline of Warkworth stemmed entirely from the Percy family's continued problems with the Crown. Following the Reformation, their lands were restored under the Catholic Queen Mary, but taken back by the Protestant Queen Elizabeth, whose servants carried off most of the castle's fittings and timber. The destruction was compounded by the soldiers of the Parliamentarian army who garrisoned the castle in 1648, despite the fact that the tenth earl was on the same side. In 1672, the eleventh earl's widow gave the remaining materials to one of the estate's auditors, John Clarke and great wagon-loads of lead and timber left the castle to the fate of the elements. The great keep, once the scene of feasting and grand entertainments and the seat of power for the Percy family, was left a deserted shell.

The Percy estates passed into the hands of the Smithsons by the late seventeenth century and they took the name of Percy and became Dukes of Northumberland. They repaired some of the crumbling stonework and in the 1850's the fourth duke carried out excavations and employed the architect Anthony Salvin with a view to restoring parts of the keep. Due to the high cost of this enterprise, the work was never completed, but the south projection and chambers over the buttery and pantry were roofed over and provided a picturesque picnic site for the family's excursions across from Alnwick. The gatehouse was repaired and made into a residence for the custodian, who showed visitors around. In 1922, the high cost of maintenance led to the castle being given to the Office of Works, now English Heritage who manage the site today.   1328 - 1388 John Neville 60 60 # Note:

John de Neville, KG, Lord Neville of Raby, b. c 1331, d. Newcastle 17 Oct 1388, KG 1369; m. (1) Maud Percy, d. 18 Feb 1378/9. [Magna Charta Sureties]

# Note:

    5th Baron of Raby, , third Baron Neville. First Earl of Westmorland, died on the 42nd anniversary of the Battle of Neville's Cross. He was summoned to Parliament in 1368. In 1369, he was created a Knight of the Garter and Admiral of Fleet. He
    gave Durham Cathedral a beautiful stone and an alabaster screen known to this day as the "Neville Screen". John is buried at Durham Catherdral with his wife Maude. Summoned to parliament as Lord Nevill of Raby from February 24, 1368 to July 28,
    1388. He was carried by his father at the age of five years to witness the battle of Durham. During the remainder of King Edwards reign he was in active service either in France or Scotland. He was constituted lieutenant of Aquitaine under
    Richard II and was seneschal of Bordeaux. He was employed against the Turks and won and had surrendered to him, 83 walled towns, castles and forts. He died at Newcastle on October 17, 1388 and is buried in the Neville chantry, in the south
    asile of the nave of Durham Cathedral, near his father and his first wife.

# Note:
# Note: 1381-warden of eastern marches
# Note: 1383-warden of western marches
# Note: 1386-appointed commander of all forces against the Scots. Took the place of Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland as military leader in the north.
# Note:
# Note: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
# Note:
# Note:

    Sir John de Nevill, 3rd baron, summoned to parliament as Lord Nevill, of Raby, from 24 February, 1368, to 28 July, 1388. This nobleman was carried by his father to witness the battle of Durham, being then scarcely five years old, and received
    the honour of knighthood some years afterwards when in arms before the barriers of Paris. In the 44th of the same reign [Edward III, 1371], he was again in the wars with France, and then constituted admiral of the king's fleet from the mouth of
    the Thames northwards. During the remainder of King Edward's reign, he was constantly in active service either in France or Scotland. In the 2nd Richard II [1379], he was constituted lieutenant of Aquitaine and he was, likewise, seneschal of
    Bordeaux. It is reported of this nobleman that he was some time employed against the Turks, and that, being lieutenant of Aquitaine, he reduced that province to tranquility, and that, in his service in those parts, he won and had rendered to
    him 83 walled towns, castles, and forts. His lordship was a knight of the Garter. He m. 1st, Maud, dau. of Henry, Lord Percy, by whom he had issue, Ralph, Thomas, Maud, Alice, and Eleanor. His lordship m. 2ndly, Elizabeth, dau. and heir of
    William, Lord Latimer, K.G., and had by her (who m. 2ndly, Sir Robert de Willoughby) had issue, John, Elizabeth, and Margaret. He d. at Newcastle, 17 October, 1388, and was buried in the south side of the nave of Durham Cathedral, and was s. by
    his eldest son, Ralph de Nevill. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 393, Nevill, Barons Nevill, of Raby, Earls of Westmoreland]

# Note:
# Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
# Note: Page: 207-33
# Note: Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
# Note: Page: 14
# Note: Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
# Note: Page: 45-6, 8-8 1360 Eleanor Neville 1358 Alice Neville 1003 Robert Normandy 1030 - 1082 Adelaide de Normandie 52 52 1301 - 1352 Henry Percy 51 51 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Gedcom FileThorns among the roses, 14 March 2003,
      Title: Gedcom FileThorns among the roses, 14 March 2003, Holly Forrest Tamer bhtt141@netins.nethtt141@netins.nethtt141@netins.net.  1303 - 1365 Idonea Clifford 62 62 1273 - 1314 Henry Percy 41 41 9th Baron, 1st Lord

Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Gedcom FileThorns among the roses, 14 March 2003,
      Title: Gedcom FileThorns among the roses, 14 March 2003, Holly Forrest Tamer bhtt141@netins.nethtt141@netins.nethtt141@netins.net.  1287 - 1328 Eleanor of Arundel Fitzalan 41 41 1230 - 1272 Henry Percy 42 42 1251 - 1282 Eleanor Plantagenet De Warrenne 31 31 1166 - 1240 William Plantagenet De Warrenne 74 74 1192 - 1248 Maud Matilda Marshall 56 56 Sources:
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
1231 - 1305 John Plantagenet De Warrenne 74 74 Earl of Warren and Surrey

John de Warenne (1231?- September 27, 1304), 7th Earl of Surrey or Warenne, was prominent during the reigns of Henry III and Edward I. During his long life he fought in the Barons' War and in Edward I's wars in Scotland.

He was the son of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey or Warenne, and Maud (or Matilda) Marshal. His mother was the daughter of William Marshal and widow of Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk. Thus Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, was his elder half-brother.

Warenne was a boy when his father died, and for the rest of his minority Peter of Savoy was the guardian of his estates. In 1247 he married Henry III's half-sister Alice of Lusignan. This marriage was to create resentment amongst the English nobility, who did not like seeing a wealthy English nobleman marrying a penniless outsider.

During the following years Warenne was closely associated with the court faction centering on his in-laws.

In 1254 he accompanied the king's son Edward (the future Edward I) on Edward's journey to Spain to marry Eleanor of Castile.

During the conflicts between Henry III and his barons Warenne started as a strong supporter of the king, switched to support for Simon de Montfort, and then returned to the royalist party. He opposed the initial baronial reform plan of May 1258, but along with other opponents capitulated and took the oath of the Provisions of Oxford.

By 1260 Warenne had joined the party of Simon de Montfort, but switched back to the king's side in 1263. After the Battle of Lewes, which was fought near his castle at Lewes, he fled to the Continent, where he remained for about a year. He returned to fight in the campaign which culminated in the Battle of Evesham and the siege of Kenilworth Castle.

Warenne served in Edward I's Welsh campaigns in 1277, 1282, and 1283. In 1282 he received the lordships of Bromfield and Yale in Wales. A good part of the following years were spent in Scotland. He was one of the negotiators for the 1289 treaty of Salisbury and for the 1290 treaty of Brigham, and accompanied the king on Edward's great 1296 invasion of Scotland.

On August 22, 1296 the king appointed him "warden of the kingdom and land of Scotland". However he returned to England a few months later claiming that the Scottish climate was bad for his health. The following spring saw the rebellion of William Wallace, and after much delay Warenne led an army northward, where they were defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Nevertheless the king appointed Warenne captain of the next campaign against the Scots in early 1298. He raised the siege of Roxburgh and re-took the castle at Berwick. The king himself took the field later that year, and Warenne was one of the commanders at the Battle of Falkirk.

Warenne and Alice of Lusignan had three children:
Alice, who married Henry Percy and was the mother of Henry Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick;
Isabella, who married John Balliol and was the mother of Edward Balliol;
William, who married Joanna, daughter of Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, and was accidentally killed at a tournament in December 1286; his son John (see below) succeeded his grandfather as earl of Surrey.

 1137 - 1199 Isabella De Warrenne 62 62 # Note:

    He [William de Blois] married Isabel, only daughter and heir of William (DE WARENNE), 3rd EARL OF SURREY, by Ela. He died s.p. as above in October I 159 and was buried in the hospital of Montmorillon in Poitou. Isabel survived him and was sought in marriage by Henry Il's brother William, but Archbishop Beket opposed the match on the ground of consanguinity, and she married, 2ndly, the King's illegitimate half-brother, Hamelin. Complete Peerage XII/1:497-9

----------------------------------------

    He [Hamelin Plantagenet] married, in 1164 (probably in April), Isabel, widow of William (OF BLOIS) 4th EARL OF SURREY, and only daughter and heir of William (DE WARENNE), 3rd EARL OF SURREY, all above-named. He died 7 May 1202 and was buried in  the Chapter House at Lewes. Isabel survived him and made gifts for the soul of her late husband to the priory of St. Katherine, Lincoln, and to Lewes Priory. She was living in April 1203 but died probably soon afterwards, possibly 12 July 1203, and was buried in the Chapter House at Lewes (g). [Complete Peerage XII/1:499-500

# Note:

    (g) By her 2nd husband she had issue, a son William, 6th Earl, and 3 daughters: (1) Ela, who m. 1stly Robert de Newburn, of whom nothing is known, and 2ndly, William FitzWilliam of Sprotborough; (2) Isabel, who m. 1stly Robert de Lascy, and 2ndly Gilbert de Laigle, lord of Pevensey; (3) Maud, who m. 1stly Henry, Count of Eu and lord of Hastings, and 2ndly Henry d'Estouteville or de Stuteville, of Eckington, co. Derby, and Dedham, Essex, lord of Valmont and Rames in Normandy.

# Note:
Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 151-1

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 83-26

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XII/1:497-499, 497 (i), 500 1154 Isabella Ida De Warrenne # Note:

Title: Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 7-1, 17c-1, 155-2
Text: States only the first name "Ida" as wife

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 138 1102 Adelaide Of Angers 1421 - 1461 Henry Percy 39 39 Baron Poynings

Henry Percy (1421 - 1461), 2nd Earl of Northumberland, was the son of the 1st earl (of the second creation). He fought on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of Wakefield, and commanded the Lancastrian van at the Battle of Towton, where he was killed.

The Battle of Wakefield took place at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, on December 30, 1460, and was one of the major actions of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing factions were a royal army, nominally commanded by Margaret of Anjou, and the supporters of Richard, Duke of York, rival claimant to the throne.

York had already succeeded in obtaining a promise from King Henry VI of England that, on Henry's death, the crown would pass to him and his heirs. Queen Margaret was unwilling to accept this promise, which had been obtained by force, and was determined to protect the inheritance of her only son, Edward, Prince of Wales, then aged about six. With a force outnumbering that of the Yorkists, she marched north to confront the Duke. The details of what ensued are not entirely clear, and most people are more familiar with William Shakespeare's melodramatic version of events, notably the "murder" of York's second son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland.

In Shakespeare's play, Edmund is depicted as a small child, and, following his unnecessary slaughter, Margaret torments his father, York, before murdering him also. In fact, the Duke of York was killed during the battle, and his son, Edmund, at seventeen, was more than old enough to be an active participant in the fighting. York's defeat was probably the result of his own over-confidence, as he apparently refused to wait for reinforcements to arrive before leaving his stronghold at Sandal Castle to meet the Lancastrians.

The outcome was important mainly because it left York's eldest son, Edward, as the Yorkist pretender to the throne. Edward, though young, would prove an outstanding battle commander and a consummate politician, and would eventually reign as King Edward IV of England

The Battle of Towton, one of the most decisive of the Wars of the Roses, is remembered as the bloodiest ever fought on British soil, with casualties believed to have been in excess of 20,000. The battle took place on March 29 - Palm Sunday, 1461, between the villages of Towton and Saxton in Yorkshire (about 20 km south-west of York and about 4 km south of Tadcaster).

At this point in the civil war, the Lancastrians were on equal terms with the Yorkists, having eliminated the Duke of York from the scene at the Battle of Wakefield and been victorious at the second Battle of St Alban's. However, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, "the Kingmaker", controlled London and had proclaimed the eldest of York's sons as King Edward IV of England. It was Edward himself who decided to take the initiative and march north in the hope of inflicting a final defeat on his rival, King Henry VI of England. Henry, a pious and peace-loving man, took no part in any military decisions, but allowed his queen, Margaret of Anjou, complete freedom to employ her battle commanders, chief of whom was Lord Clifford, on his behalf.

It is thought that 50,000, or perhaps even 80,000 men fought, including 28 Lords (almost half the peerage).

The battle was long and hard-fought, made no easier for either side by the blizzard conditions which prevailed. The decisive moment came in the middle of the day, when the Yorkist reinforcements arrived, led by the John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. The Lancastrians retreated in disarray, resulting in a near-massacre. The death in battle of Lord Clifford, Queen Margaret's most experienced commander and right-hand man, was a serious blow from which the Lancastrians would take years to recover. Margaret and Henry fled north to Scotland, while those Lancastrian lords who were not killed or dispossesed were forced to make peace with Edward. 1422 - 1483 Eleanor Poynings 61 61 1449 - 1489 Henry Percy 40 40 Henry Percy (1449 - 1489), 3rd Earl of Northumberland, son of the 3rd earl, was the only one of the family to appear to take the Yorkist side. His father's earldom was forfeited at the Battle of Towton by the victorious Yorkists, and Percy was imprisoned. After swearing fealty to Edward IV he was released (1469). The earldom was restored in 1473, and Percy held many of the important government posts in the north of England which were traditional in his family. He commanded the Yorkist reserve at the Battle of Bosworth Field, but never committed his forces to the battle, which played an important part in Richard III's defeat.

Percy was again imprisoned by the new king, Henry VII, but was soon released and returned to his old posts. He was killed 28 April 1489 by a mob enraged by his efforts to collect some new and higher taxes.

The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was fought on the August 22nd 1485 when Richard III of England, the last of the Plantagenet dynasty, fought a pitched battle with the Lancastrian contender for his crown, Henry Tudor. Henry had landed in Pembrokeshire, the county of his birth, on August 7, with a small force - consisting mainly of French mercenaries - in an attempt to claim the throne of England. Note that Richard III was of the Yorkist branch of the Plantagenets.

Richard III had fought similar battles with Lancastrian usurpers in the past, but this one would be his last. Although Henry did not have his opponent's military experience, he was accompanied by his uncle, Jasper Tudor and Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford, both brilliant and seasoned soldiers. Henry gathered supporters in the course of his journey through his father's native Wales, and by the time he arrived in the Midlands, he had amassed an army estimated at 5,000 men. The king, by contrast, could command nearly 8,000. The decisive factor in the battle was to be the conduct of the Stanley brothers - Sir William Stanley and Lord Thomas Stanley, the latter being Henry's stepfather. Richard had good cause to distrust them but was dependent on their continued loyalty.

The battlefield site, now open to the public, is close to the villages of Sutton Cheney and Market Bosworth in Leicestershire. The actual siting of the battle has been the topic of often contentious debate among professional and amateur historians, with a compelling case being made for siting the battle closer to the villages of Dadlington and Stoke Golding, although most are agreed that Richard's encampment the night before the battle was indeed on Ambion Hill. In any case, the Stanleys seem to have taken up a position some distance away from the two main armies. Richard had taken hostages to ensure that, even if they did not join him, they would at least remain neutral during the battle. The battle lasted about two hours, and began well for the king. Unfortunately for him, the Stanleys chose their moment to enter the fray on Henry's side. Despite a suicidal charge led by Richard in an attempt to remove Henry - who had stayed well clear of most of the fighting - from the equation, the king was overwhelmed by the opposition.

Richard was killed on the field (the last English king to die in battle), and his body was ignominiously treated by the victors. A popular legend says that the crown of England was found in a hawthorn bush after Richard's death, but the truth is probably that it was the circlet Richard wore around his helmet, the common practice so followers could recognize their ruler in battle, even from behind him.

However, the battle proved to be decisive in ending the long-running mediaeval series of English Civil Wars later be to known as the Wars of the Roses, although the last battle was actually to be fought at Stoke two years later (1487).

Henry Tudor's victory in this battle led to his being crowned as Henry VII, and the long reign of the Tudor dynasty in England.

 1461 Margaret Percy Eleanor Percy Ralph Percy 1399 - 1463 Eleanor Neville 64 64 1364 - 1403 Henry Percy 39 39 Percy, Sir Henry, called Hotspur (1366-1403), English military leader, eldest son of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland. Knighted in 1377 by Edward III, king of England, Percy shortly began that service on the Scottish border in which he won his greatest fame, and about 1393 he became governor of Bordeaux, in France. He was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury after he had revolted against King Henry IV.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur (1364 ? - 1403) was the eldest son of the 1st Earl of Northumberland and 4th Lord Percy of Alnwick. His nickname is suggestive of his impulsive nature.

Harry acquired a great reputation as a warrior, fighting against the Scots and the French. He fought against the Scots at the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.

With his father he helped depose Richard II of England, but later with his uncle Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester he led a rebellion against King Henry IV in 1403, forming an alliance with another rebel, Owen Glendower. Before they could join forces, Hotspur was defeated and killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury. He is a major character in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1.

He married Lady Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd of March, and Phillipa, daughter of Lionel of Antwerp and granddaughter of Edward III of England.

The Battle of Shrewsbury was fought on July 21, 1403, between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland.

The Percys had supported Henry IV in a war against Richard II, which ended when Henry took the throne in 1399. Henry had been supported by a number of wealthy landowners to whom he had promised land and money in return for their support. When the war ended lands in Cumbria promised to the Percys were instead given to a rival. This was enough to spark them into revolt, which may have been helped by money promised by Henry which never arrived.

Henry Percy raised a small group of retainers, likely about 200, in early July 1403 and started marching south to meet his uncle, Thomas Percy. He recruited most of his army in Cheshire, an area hostile to Henry IV,and which provided many experienced soldiers, notably its archers, some of whom had served as Richard II's bodyguard. It appears that he may have hoped to be reinforced by a Welsh force under the self-proclaimed Prince of Wales, Owain Glyndwr. This didn't happen, although it appears some Welsh from the borders may have joined him. The rebels then marched towards Shrewsbury, the easily defended county town of Shropshire.

King Henry became aware of the situation on July 12, apparently while he was moving to help the Percys from another threat. Upon hearing of the forces, he changed direction and marched towards Shrewsbury with his army. Estimates of the sizes of the two armies vary widely, with the Royal army being placed between 15,000 and 60,000, and the rebels between 5,000 and 20,000.

Both forces arrived near the town on July 20 1403 and set up camp to the north and south of the Severn River, which loops around the town. The next day the King's forces crossed the river at Uffington, placing them in a position in open ground where they could best use their large numbers. They were soon joined by the Percy forces from the north.

For much of the morning the two forces parleyed. It appears that Henry was somewhat inclined towards accepting the King's position, while his uncle Thomas was not. Whatever the case, negotiations ended near noon, and the two forces advanced for the fight.

The battle opened with a massive archery barrage, killing or wounding many of the men before they could meet in the field. Of the two forces, the Percy's Cheshire bowmen proved generally superior. However when the two armies finally met, the greater numbers of the Royal army generally prevailed. The Percys attempted to address this imbalance with a charge, but it was premature and Heny Percy was killed. At this point the rebel forces fled the field, and a rout began. Over 300 knights and another 20,000 men-at-arms fell on the field, and thousands more died of injuries over the next few weeks.

Henry Percy was initially buried at Whitchurch, Shropshire, but rumors soon spread that he was not really dead. In response the King had him disinterred. His body was set up in Shrewsbury impaled on a spear between two millstones, and was later quartered and put on show in the four corners of the country. In November his remains were returned to his widow. 1370 - 1417 Elizabeth Mortimer 47 47 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Title: Mark Willis Ballard, GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
      Note:
      6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
      773-743-6663
      mwballard52@yahoo.com  1415 Eleanor Percy Joan Percy 1418 John Percy 1422 Thomas Percy 1423 - 1504 Catherine Percy 81 81 1424 George Percy Ralph Percy 1426 Richard Percy 1428 William Percy 1444 Anne Percy 1390 - 1437 Elizabeth Percy 47 47 1396 Richard le Despencer 1341 - 1408 Henry Percy 66 66 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy of Alnwick

Percy, Henry, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1342-1408), English nobleman, first in the line of famous English dukes and earls. Sir Henry Percy traced his descent from Sir William de Percy, an 11th-century Norman baron who traveled to England with William I (called the Conqueror) in 1066. Percy was created marshal of England and 1st Earl of Northumberland in 1377. He initially supported the reign of King Richard II of England, but he later became dissatisfied with the way the new king treated him. In 1403 the earl and his son Sir Henry Percy (known as Hotspur) played a leading role in bringing about Richard’s deposition and the subsequent accession of Henry IV. This revolt cost the earl his offices and lands, but these were restored after Hotspur's death at Shrewsbury in 1403. In 1405 the earl took part in the conspiracy, led by Welsh leader Owen Glendower, to depose Henry IV, and was declared a traitor. He was slain at Bramham Moor in 1408 while invading England.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Henry Percy (November 10,1342 - February 20,1408), 1st earl of Northumberland, was the son of Henry, 3rd baron Percy, and the father of Henry " Harry Hotspur" Percy. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England.

Originally a follower of Edward III of England, for whom he held high offices in the administration of northern England, Henry Percy went on to support King Richard II. He was given the title of Marshal of England and created an earl at Richard's coronation (1377), but he switched to the side of Henry Bolingbroke (later, Henry IV) after Richard created his chief rival, Ralph Neville, 1st earl of Westmorland in 1399. On Henry's coronation he was appointed Constable of England and granted the lordship of the Isle of Man. In 1403 Percy turned against Henry IV in favor of Edmund Mortimer, 5th earl of March, and then conspired with Owen Glendower against King Henry. This rebellion failed at the Battle of Shrewsbury but, since Percy did not directly participate, he lost his office as Constable but was not convicted of treason. But in 1405 Percy supported Richard le Scrope, archbishop of York, in another rebellion, and then Percy fled to Scotland, and his estates were confiscated by the king. In 1408 Percy invaded England and was killed at the Battle of Branham Moor. 1341 - 1372 Margaret Neville 31 31 Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland, son of Henry Percy, third Baron of Arnwick, and Mary, dau. of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, was born in 1342. In 1359 he m. Margaret, dau. of Ralph Neville, fourth Baron of Raby. She had been m. to William Lord Ross of Helmsley.
(Dunham Genealogy English and American Branches of the Dunham Family, page xxvii)

daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby (c. 1291 - 1367) and Alice de Audley.
(Wikipeda)

 1368 Ralph Percy 1366 Thomas Percy 1321 - 1368 Henry Percy 47 47 1344 Thomas Percy Mary Percy 1308 William de Pressene 1270 John Percy 1200 - 1281 Eleanor de Baliol 81 81 1230 Walter de Percy 1156 - 1198 Henry de Percy 42 42 1168 - 1230 Isabel de Brus 62 62 1130 - 1180 Jocelyn de Louvain 50 50 Jocelin or Josceline, of Louvain (thought to have died by Michaelmas 1180), of Petworth, Sussex, half-brother of Queen Adela (who presented Jocelin with the Petworth lands), 2nd wife of Henry I, and son of Godfrey I "Barbatus" ("The Bearded"), Duke of Lower Lorraine, by his 2nd wife. [Burke's Peerage, p. 2118]

---

Jocelin/Josceline, of Louvain; married Agnes, 2nd daughter but eventual heiress of William de Percy and had issue, the 1st Duke of Northumberland of the 1766 creation choosing the title "Lord Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick" when also given a Barony 1784 in commemoration of this ancestral connection. [Burke's Peerage, p. 1929]
 1134 - 1205 Agnes de Percy 71 71 1074 - 1139 Godfrey of Brabrant 65 65 # Note: Godfrey I, Duke of Brabant from 1106, also Marquis of Antwerp and Count of Louvain, called "The Bearded", deposed from his Duchy 1127 but continued styling himself Duke and was so succeeded by his son. [Burke's Peerage]
# Note:
Title: The Complete Peerage, or a History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, edited by Lord Howard de Ealden, 1936

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 161-25 ,Page: 155-23, 149-23

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 1929 ~1083 - 1121 Ida de Chiny 38 38 1110 - 1163 Ida de Louvain 53 53 1055 - 1125 Otto de Chiny 70 70 1068 - 1124 Adelaide de Namur 56 56 1025 - 1106 Arnold de Chiny 81 81 Ludwig Sophie 0956 - 1017 Judith of Brittany 61 61 0997 - 1028 Richard of Normandy 31 31 1005 William of Normandy 1010 Eleanor of Normandy Helena 0999 - 1057 Fredesende of Normandy 58 58 0927 - 0992 Conan of Brittany 65 65 0971 - 1008 Geoffrey of Anjou 37 37 # Note:

    GEOFFREY, DUKE OF BRITTANY, married Hawise, daughter of Richard I, DUKE OFNORMANDY, and died in 1008, leaving two sons, Alan and Eudon. During their mother's lifetime the two brothers seem to have been joint rulers of Brittany, but on her death, on 21 February 1034, dissensions broke out between them; peace was restored by a settlement under which Eudon received a territory corresponding roughly to the dioceses of Dol, St. Mialo, St. Brieuc and Tréguier, reduced in the hands of his successors to the two last-named dioceses, while Alan retained the rest of Brittany. After the death of Alan in 1040 Eudon seized the government of Brittany to the exclusion of his nephew Conan, who recovered it in 1057. Eudon died 7 January 1079. He married Orguen, whose parentage is unknown. [Complete Peerage X:779-81, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
 0975 - 1037 Judicael de Rennes 62 62 0995 Martin d'Acigne 1112 - 1174 William de Percy 62 62 William; fought on King Stephen's side at the Battle of the Standard 1138 against the invading Scots under David I; founded Sallay Abbey Jan 1147/8, having presented the Abbey with lands for its upkeep and a site for its physical construction; probably founded also Stainfield Priory, Lincs, and made gifts to Byland and Fountains Abbeys, at the latter of which he was later buried; married 1st Alice or Adelaide de Tonbridge (died between 1148 and c1166), probably daughter of Richard FitzGilbert de (Lord of) Clare by Alice, sister of Ranulph, Earl of Chester; married 2nd c1166, as her 2nd of three husbands, Sibyl de Vaognes (died in or after 1212), widow of Robert de Ros, and dspml by Easter 1175. [Burke's Peerage]
 1115 - 1148 Alice de Clare 33 33 1088 William de Percy 1090 - 1112 Alice de Ros 22 22 1067 - 1135 Alan de Percy 68 68 1071 Emma de Gaunt 1070 Arnolde de Percy 1044 - 1096 William de Percy 52 52 1038 - 1096 Emma de Port 58 58 1020 Geoffrey de Percy Margaret de Percy 0996 William de Percy [scary.ged]
William II, Comte de Caux and de Poicters, Sieur de Percie, reputed father of Serla de Percie, Abbot of Whitby.

Sources:

   1. Title: scary.ged
      Author: Susan (Poliksa) Cary scary @ infowest.com
      Publication: RootsWeb World Connect, db=poliksa
      Repository:
      Media: Electronic
      Text: Date of Import: Oct 3, 2001  1143 - 1196 Adam de Brus 53 53 1145 Joanna le Meschines 1128 - 1196 Adam de Brus 68 68 1137 - 1206 Jueta Ivetta de la Arches 69 69 1152 Piers de Brus 1103 - 1194 Robert de Brus 91 91 1105 Agnes Paynel 1120 Agatha de Brus 1085 - 1141 Robert de Brus 56 56 1085 Yvette Giffard 1050 - 1080 Adam le Brus 30 30  [Pullen010502.FTW]

Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, (1883 ed., 1996 reprint), page 80; Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7th ed. (136-25 through 136-26).

Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  1055 Emma Ramsay 1071 William le Brus 1071 Duncan le Brus 1071 Rosselina le Brus 1030 - 1089 Robert le Brus 59 59  [Pullen010502.FTW]

Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, (1883 ed., 1996 reprint), page 80; Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7th ed. (136-25 through 136-26).


Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  1025 - 1094 Emma de Brittany 69 69 1005 - 1046 Robert le Bruce 41 41 Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002  1017 Felicia of Normandy 0990 Ostrida Regenwaldsdatter 0997 - 1040 Allan of Brittany 43 43 1036 - 1072 Hawise of Brittany 36 36 1008 - 1083 Robert of Anjou 75 75 0999 - 1079 Eudes of Brittany 80 80 # Note:

    GEOFFREY, DUKE OF BRITTANY, married Hawise, daughter of Richard I, DUKE OFNORMANDY, and died in 1008, leaving two sons, Alan and Eudon. During their mother's lifetime the two brothers seem to have been joint rulers of Brittany, but on her death, on 21 February 1034, dissensions broke out between them; peace was restored by a settlement under which Eudon received a territory corresponding roughly to the dioceses of Dol, St. Mialo, St. Brieuc and Tréguier, reduced in the hands of his successors to the two last-named dioceses, while Alan retained the rest of Brittany. After the death of Alan in 1040 Eudon seized the government of Brittany to the exclusion of his nephew Conan, who recovered it in 1057. Eudon died 7 January 1079. He married Orguen, whose parentage is unknown. [Complete Peerage X:779-81, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

 1010 William Ramsay 1070 - 1138 Fulk Paynel 68 68 1074 Beatrix Fitzansculf de Picquigny 1020 - 1087 William Paynel 67 67 1040 Lesceline de Fontenay 1090 Gervaise Pagnell 1095 - 1154 William de Arches 59 59 Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : 8-08-04-Weaver-Sanders-Lay-Ancstry Tree.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : 8-08-04-Weaver-Sanders-Lay-Ancstry Tree.ged
Date: 8 AUG 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : ALL-AN~1.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : ALL-AN~1.ged
Date: 14 SEP 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : !!~!The One To Use-Weaver And Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!~!The One To Use-Weaver And Sanders.ged
Date: 14 OCT 2004
1100 Jueta Ivetta 1059 - 1116 Osbern Giffard 57 57 1035 Beatrice de Bolebec 1080 Matilda 1120 - 1194 Bernard Guy Reginald de Baliol 74 74 1128 Agnes de Picquigny 1170 Ingleham de Baliol 1146 - 1190 Walter de Berkeley 44 44 1154 Eva of Galloway ~1118 - 1174 Echtred of Galloway 56 56 born: at or before 1121 [Ref: The Scots Peerage, 1904, v4 p136], parents: [Ref: Weis AR7 121b:27, 38:24], father: [Ref: Watney p430, 886]

Jim, I have place of birth as Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Possibly Ayrshire is short for Argylshire... Curt
Note: There are places named Carrick in Ayrshire, Argyll & Bute (Argyllshire), and Fife. Apparently Uchtred was from Ayrshire -not Argyllshire... Jim

marriage:
names: [Ref: Mg Crt Barons, Turton, Watney 430, 886, Weis AR738:2, 121b:27]

Roland's father Uhtred married Gunnilda daughter of Waltheof, lord of Allerdale in Cumberland. [Ref: Essays of the Nobility of Medieval Scotland by K.J. Stringer, Edinburgh, 1985, p49 (citing Bruce by G.W.S. Barrow p36, n2)]

died: 22 Sep 1174 [Ref: Peerage of Scotland by John Philip Wood, Edinburgh, 1813, v1 p612-13, Watney 430, Weis AR7 121b:27] 1174[Ref: Weis AR7 38:24]

murdered by his nephew, Malcolm, at the instigation of his brother, Gilbert [Ref: Watney 430]

Fergus was succeeded in the lordship of Galloway by his son Uchtred. . . .His brother Gilbert, having first torn out his eyes and brutally mutilated him, put him to death. Blinding and castration was used in Celtic times to make a man ineligible for the kingship; Gilbert apparently thought himself a monarch and wanted his brother out of the way. [Ref: A History of Dumfries and Galloway by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Edinburgh, 1896, p54]

Biographical notes:

Uchtred first appears 7 July 1136 when he and his father, Fergus, witnessed a charter of King David I granting land in Perdeyc or Patrick to the Church of Glasgow, when that church was dedicated. Considering he was at least 15, that would place his birth at or before 1121 and during the lifetime of his presumed grandfather, Henry I, who died in 1135. [Ref: The Scots Peerage, 1904 v4 p136] note: 'presumed' implies his mother was possibly not the (illegit) dau of Henry I whereas CP, ES, Louda, Paget & Weis all say she was. Need to re-check these sources to see if they show any qualifications to the connection... Curt

Uchtred, youngest son, divided with Gilbert the extensive inheritance of Fergus. They led their forces to the army of King William the Lion, when he invaded Northumberland in 1174. The natives of Galloway rebelled. Gilbert and Uchtred gave homage to Henry II of England. Gilbert's son Malcolm murdered Uchtred 22 September 1174, and was resisted by Roland. [Ref: Peerage of Scotland by John Philip Wood, Edinburgh, 1813, v1 p612-13]

In summary, Uchtred murdered his brother Gilbert on 22 Sept 1174 after their return from England. On 4 July 1175, a battle in 'Galweta' was fought between Uchtred's son Roland and Gillepatrick, in which many were slain, most on the side of the latter. Soon after, in another battle with Gillecolum, the latter was slain along with a brother of Roland.

Gillecolum was probably the same person as Gillecolam, a son of Somerled's by a previous marriage. If so, he no doubt contended for the rule of Galloway. In this there is another link to our statement that Fergus, first Lord of Galloway, and Somerled were connected. They carried the same armorial bearings--viz., a lion rampant--which, as we have described elsewhere, was of Scandanavian origin. [Ref: History of the Lands and Their Owners in Galloway by P.H. M'Kerlie, New Edition, 1906 v1 p118-9]

---

Sources:
Title: AFN:
Abbrev: AFN:
Title: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
Abbrev: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
Author: Mike Ashley
Publication: Carroll & Graf Pubishers, 1998
Title: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Abbrev: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Author: Paul B. McBride
Title: Royal Ancestors of the Magna Charta Barons
Abbrev: Royal Ancestors of the Magna Charta Barons
Author: Carr P. Collins, Jr.
Title: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson, Lockwood, Strong, Gates and ancestors
Abbrev: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson,
Author: Lloyd A. Horocks
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber
Title: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650
Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New
Author: Frederick Lewis Weis
Publication: Genealogical Publishing, Inc. Sixth Edition, 1988 1126 Gunnild of Dunbar ~1164 - 1200 Roland of Galloway 36 36 Roland, the father of Alan and Thomas, obtained extensive estates in the shires of Northampton, Huntingdon, and Bedford, in right of his wife, Elena de Moreville [Ref: Turton]

'During the 1180s the king [William the Lion] struck up an alliance with Lachlan (or 'Roland'), lord of Galloway, who had married into the Anglo-Norman family of Moreville, and whose change of name neatly captures the interaction that was beginning between the native and foreign cultures. When in 1187 William was again faced by a northern uprising, it was Roland who captured its leader, Donald mac William, a distant kinsman of the king'. p. 59: 'Roland of Galloway's marriage to the Moreville heiress expanded the family's interests.' [Ref:Political Development of the British Isles 1100-1400, by Robin Frame, Oxford, 1990, p. 42]

'Roland, Lord of Galloway, the son of Uchtred. On the death of his uncle, Gilbert, in 1185, Roland rose in arms, and possessed himself of all of Galloway.' Henry II threatened to invade in 1186; Roland agreed to swear fealty, give his three sons as hostages, and keep Uchtred's lands. Gilbert's son Duncan got Carrick. 'Roland greatly increased his lands by marrying Eva, Ela, or Helena, daughter of Richard de Moreville, Constable of Scotland, who died 1196. Roland inherited the office of Constable. Issue: 1. Alan. 2. Thomas, Earl of Atholl. 3. ---,hostage in 1186. Daughter Ada married Sir Walter Bisset.' [Ref:'Peerage of Scotland' by John Philip Wood, Edinburgh, 1813, v 1, pp. 612-13]

'On the death of the cruel Gilbert in 1185, Roland, son of Uchtred, claimed the lordship of Galloway. . . . Roland, the father of Alan and Thomas, obtained extensive estates in the shires of Northampton, Huntingdon, and Bedford, in right of his wife, Elena de Moreville (Joseph Bain, 'Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland', vol. i, p. 47).' [Ref: A History of Dumfries and Galloway' by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Edinburgh, 1896, p 56]

'In 1200 Lachlan, alias Roland, son of Uhtred lord of Galloway, remembered . . . that his wife Helen de Morville, heir of her father Richard and of her grandmother Beatrice de Beauchamp, was entitled to four knights' fees respectively at Bozeat, Northants, Whissendine and Whitwell in Rutland, Offord in Huntingdonshire, and Houghton Conquest beside Bedford--the 5 hides at Houghton having been originally acquired by Hugh de Beauchamp, Beatrice's grandfather, probably not long before 1086.' [Ref: The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History' by G.W.S. Barrow, Oxford, 1980, p 17]

---

Sources:
Title: AFN:
Abbrev: AFN:
Title: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Abbrev: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Author: Paul B. McBride
Title: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
Abbrev: The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
Author: Mike Ashley
Publication: Carroll & Graf Pubishers, 1998
Title: Royal Ancestors of the Magna Charta Barons
Abbrev: Royal Ancestors of the Magna Charta Barons
Author: Carr P. Collins, Jr.
Title: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson, Lockwood, Strong, Gates and ancestors
Abbrev: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson,
Author: Lloyd A. Horocks
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber
Title: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650
Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New
Author: Frederick Lewis Weis
Publication: Genealogical Publishing, Inc. Sixth Edition, 1988 1075 - 1161 Fergus Dunbar of Galloway 86 86 1095 - 1167 Elizabeth of Normandy 72 72 1130 Margaret le Galloway 1062 - 1138 Walter Dunbar 76 76 1163 Maud Plantagenet 1166 Suzanne de Warenne 1110 - 1174 Ela de Talvas 64 64 # Note:

    He [William de Warenne] married Ela or Ala, daughter of William TALVAS, COUNT OF PONTHIEU (son of Robert DE BELLÊME, 3rd EARL OF SHREWSBURY), by Ela, widow of Bertrand, COUNT OF TOULOUSE, and daughter of Eudes BOREL, DUKE OF BURGUNDY. He died s.p.m. 19 January 1147/8, being slain when the rearguard of the French King's army was cut to pieces in the defiles of Laodicea. His widow married, probably in or before 1152, Patrick (DE SALISBURY), 1st EARL OF WILTSHIRE or SALISBURY (died 1168). She is said to have died 4 October 1174.

# Note:

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 112

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 83-25, 108-26

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XI:375-7 ,XII/1:497 1145 - 1224 Gundred de Warenne 79 79 1085 Clementia of Burgundy 1320 - 1362 Mary of Lancaster Plantagenet 42 42 1130 - 1202 Hammelin Plantagent De Warrenne 72 72 # Note:

    Hameline Plantagenet, natural brother to King Henry II, likewise obtained, jure uxoris, the Earldom of Surrey, and assumed the surname and arms of de Warren. This nobleman bore one of the three swords at the second coronation of Richard I, and in the 6th of the same reign [1195], he was with that king in his army in Normandy. He d. 7 May, 1202, four years after the countess, having had issue, William, Adela, Maud, another dau. who m. Gilbert de Aquila, Isabel, and Margaret. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

 1468 Elizabeth Percy 1110 - 1147 William de Warenne 37 37 # Note:

    WILLIAM (DE WARENNE) III, EARL OF SURREY, 1st son and heir, was born probably in 1119. In June 1137 he was one of the nobles who deserted Stephen's army in Normandy. The King pursued them to Pontaudemer, where he held William de Warenne junior and other youths and did his best to pacify them; but did not dare to make them fight. He was with his half-brother Waleran, Count of Meulan, at Rouen on 18 Dec. 113 8, and at Oxford in 1139 or early in 1140. On 2 February 1140/1 he was in Stephen's army at the battle of Lincoln, and with Waleran fled before the enemy's opening charge. However, the brothers soon rallied to the Queen and were with her in London about June 1141. After the King's release on 1 November he witnessed royal charters at Canterbury at Christmas 1141 and at Ipswich early in 1142. On Palm Sunday, 24 March 1145/6, he took the cross, and in June 1147 he set off on crusade. He was a benefactor to the priories of Lewes, Castle Acre, Nosteil and Thetford, the Templars and St. Mary's Abbey, York. He married Ela or Ala, daughter of William TALVAS, COUNT OF PONTHIEU (son of Robert DE BELLÊME, 3rd EARL OF SHREWSBURY), by Ela, widow of Bertrand, COUNT OF TOULOUSE, and daughter of Eudes BOREL, DUKE OF BURGUNDY. He died s.p.m. 19 January 1147/8, being slain when the rearguard of the French King's army was cut to pieces in the defiles of Laodicea (i). His widow married, probably in or before 1152, Patrick (DE SALISBURY), 1st EARL OF WILTSHIRE or SALISBURY (died 1168). She is said to have died 4 October 1174. [Complete Peerage XII/1:496-7, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

# Note:

(i) He left an only daughter and heir Isabel. He was probably the first to assume the checkered shield of gold and azure, differenced by the change of colour from the checkered shield borne by his half-brother Waleran, Count of Meulan.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

# Note:

    William de Warrenne (Earl of Warrenne), 3rd Earl of Surrey, zealously espoused the cause of King Stephen and had a chief command in the army of that monarch in the battle fought at Lincoln between him and the adherents of the Empress Maud. His lordship m. Adela, dau. of William Talvace, son of Robert de Belesmé, Earl of Shrewsbury, and had by her (who m. 2ndly, Patrick de Evreux, Earl of Salisbury) had an only dau. and heir, Isabel. In 1147, the Earl of Warrenne and Surrey assumed the cross and accompanoied Lewis, King of France, to the Holy Land against the Saracens. From this unfortunate enterprise the earl never returned, but whether he fell in battle or died in captivity has not been ascertained. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 569, Warren, Earls of Surrey]

Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry, by William Henry Turton, 1968
Page: 112

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 108-26

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XII/1:496-7 1170 Agnes de Berkeley 1364 - 1425 Ralph de Neville 61 61     The "Kingmaker's" grandfather, the 1st Earl of Westmorland settled about half the original Neville estates on the children of his second marriage, whereas the subsequent Earls of Westmorland were the product of his first. It thus came about that the 2nd-6th Earls of Westmorland were actually less well-endowed territorially than their ancestors who had been mere barons. The pre-eminence of that branch of the family represented by the Earls of Salisbury/Warwick, who stemmed from the second marriage, was made correspondingly easier.

---

    The 1st Earl of Westmorland had multiplicity of children: nine by the first wife, fourteen by his second. Of his 23 in all, four were peers, three were duchesses and another four daughters the wives of lesser peers; moreover of those three duchesses one was mother of two kings. Between 1450 and 1455 no fewer than 13 members of the family had seats in the House of Lords. This very fecundity like that of Edward III, engendered quarrels. There was rivalry between the two branches of the family, which grew from a dispute about family estates into a difference as to dynastic loyalties. It thus served as an overture to the Wars of the Roses, one which was made even more ominous by a dispute between the Nevilles, represented by the 1st Marquess of Montagu and the Percys. [Burke's Peerage]

---------------------------------------------------------------

    Sir Ralph de Neville, KG, b. c 1346, d. Raby 21 Oct 1425, created 1st Earl of Westmorland 1397; m. (1) Margaret Stafford, d. 9 June 1396; m. (2) before 29 Nov 1396 Joan Beaufort, d. Howden 13 Nov 1440, widow of Robert Ferrers, daughter of John, Duke of Lancaster and Katharine (Roet) Swynford. [Magna Charta Sureties]

---------------------------------------------------------------

    Sixth Baron Neville of Raby, became a Knight of the Garter and 1st Earl Westmoreland September 29, 1397. As a Lancasterian, he opposed Richard II in 1399 and conveyed Richard's resignation to the convention. He assisted in the coronation of Henry IV and was a member of the council of regency appointed to rule in the infancy of King Henry V. With his second marriage to Joan Beaufort, a widowed daughter of John Of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III, this favorably affected Joan and Ralph's wealth and social prestige, making possible brilliant marriages for their children. In 1450, five of Ralph's sons, five sons-in-law and several grandsons were in Parliament.

---

    Held many offices, among them Constable of the Tower of London and in 1399, Marshall of England the year he was created Earl of Richmond. He was a member of Richards II's privy council, saw service at Agincourt on October 25, 1415 where Henry won a victory over the superior numbers of French owing to his superior generalship.

---

He married his first wife Margaret, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Stafford by special dispensation from Pope Urban V, because of their close relationship.

---

The marriage to Joan, his second wife, was a much more distinguished one as the line now descends through the royal house of England. summoned to Parliament from December 6, 1389 to November 30, 1396.

---

Some say he is the son of Elizabeth Latimer

---

Was created Earl of Westmorland by Richard II on 9-29-1397
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Ralph de Nevill, 4th baron, summoned to parliament from 6 December, 1389, to 30 November, 1396. This nobleman took a leading part in the political drama of his day and sustained it with more than ordinary ability. In the lifetime of his father (9th Richard II), he was joined with Thomas Clifford, son of Lord Clifford, and was appointed a commissionership for the guardianship of the West Marches. In three years after this he succeeded to the title, and in two years subsequently he was one of the commissioners appointed to treat with the Kings of France and Scotland, touching a truce made by them with the King of England. In the 21st Richard II [1378], he was made constable of the Tower of London and shortly afterwards advanced in full parliament to the dignity of Earl of Westmoreland. His lordship was of the privy council to King Richard and had much favour from that monarch, yet he was one of the most active in raising Henry, of Lancaster, to the throne as Henry IV, and was rewarded by the new king in the first year of his reign with a grant of the county and honour of Richmond for his life, and with the great office of Earl Marshal of England. Soon after this, he stoutly resisted the Earl of Northumberland in his rebellion and forced the Percies, who had advanced as far as Durham, to fall back upon Prudhoe, when the battle of Shrewsbury ensued, in which the gallant Hotspur sustained so signal a defeat, and closed his impetuous career. The earl was afterwards governor of the town and castle of Carlisle, warden of the West Marches towards Scotland, and governor of Roxborough. He was also a knight of the Garter. His lordship m. 1st, Lady Margaret Stafford, dau. of Hugh, Earl Stafford, K.G., for which marriage a dispensation was obtained from Pope Urban V, the earl and his bride being within the third and fourth degrees of consanguinity; by this lady he had issue, John, Lord Nevill; Ralph; Maud; Phillippa; Alice; Margaret; Anne; Margery; and Elizabeth. The earl m. 2ndly, Joan de Beaufort, dau. of John of Gaunt, by Katherine Swynford, and widow of Robert, Lord Ferrers, of Wem, by whom he had issue, Richard; William; George; Edward; Cuthbert; Henry; Thomas; Catherine; Eleanor; Anne; Jane; and Cicely. This great earl d. in 1425 and was s. by his grandson, Ralph Nevill, 5th Baron Nevill, of Raby. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, pp. 393-4, Nevill, Barons Nevill, of Raby, Earls of Westmoreland]

---

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 10-33, 207-34

Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 45-7, 47-7, 8-9, 8a-9

Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: 12-13, 14

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: XII/1:450

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I5824

---

1st Earl of Westmoreland, 6th Baron Raby, K. G.

Neville, Ralph, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1364?-1425), English soldier and statesman. Born the 4th Baron Neville of Raby, Neville was knighted in 1380 and created earl of Westmorland in 1397 by Richard II in recognition of his assistance to Richard against the lords appellant (a coterie of noblemen who had accused Richard’s supporters of treason).

Neville rebelled against Richard II in 1399 and assisted Henry IV in gaining the crown, for which he was granted the office of marshal of England for life. After the defeat of Henry Percy, 1st earl of Northumberland, and his son Sir Henry Percy, called Hotspur, in their revolt against Henry IV in 1403 at the Battle of Shrewsbury, Westmorland was given the wardenship of the west marches. In the revolt of 1405, in which Archbishop Richard Scrope and Thomas Mowbray, 3rd earl of Nottingham, accused Henry of treason, Neville took Scrope and Mowbray prisoners. Neville was thereafter constantly occupied in negotiations to keep the peace on the Scottish border, and was one of the executors of Henry V's will and regent for his son.

Neville was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson, Ralph Neville, who died in 1484. The title remained with his descendants until it reverted to the crown with the condemnation in 1571 of Charles Neville, 6th earl of Westmorland, for his part in the attempted liberation of Mary, Queen of Scots.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

 1393 - 1455 Henry Percy 62 62 Henry Percy (1392/3 - 1455), 1st Earl of Northumberland, was the son of Henry 'Hotspur' Percy. He was restored to favor by Henry V, receiving his grandfather's estates and re-creation of the earldom. Percy was on the regency council in the early years of the reign of Henry VI. He was killed fighting on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of St Albans. Percy married Eleanor Neville, daughter of Ralph, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and was succeeded as earl by his eldest son.

There were two battles during the English Wars of the Roses fought in or near the town of St Albans.

The first Battle of St Albans was the first battle of the war and was fought on May 22, 1455.

Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeated the Lancastrians under Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who was killed. York captured King Henry VI of England and had himself appointed Constable of England.

The second Battle of St Albans was fought February 22, 1461. With the defeat and death of the Duke of York the previous December (at the Battle of Wakefield, and York's son and heir busy in the west (where the Battle of Mortimer's Cross was fought a few days before the engagement at St Albans), the way was clear for the Lancastrians (lead by Queen Margaret ) to march south towards London, pillaging and sacking as they went.

They were intercepted near St Albans by forces commanded by the Earl of Warwick. Warwick had his men set up an array of defenses, including ditches and spikes, but they were surprised and defeated before these were complete.

The Lancastrians captured King Henry, who supposedly spent the battle sitting under a tree, singing. But they did not press their advantage by marching south to London. The reasons are not clear; it may be that their reputation for pillaging had preceeded them as the Londoners would not open their gates.

The Battle of Hexham (May 15, 1464) marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV.

John Neville, later to be 1st Marquess of Montagu, led a modest force of 3,000-4,000 men, routed the rebel Lancastrians. Most of the rebel leaders were captured and executed, including Henry Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Henry VI, however, was kept safely away (having been captured in battle 3 times earlier in his life), and escaped to the north.

With their leadership gone, only a few castles remained in rebel hands. After these fell later in the year, Edward IV was not seriously challenged until the Earl of Warwick switched sides in 1469. 1069 - 1135 Henry England 66 66 Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother—Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne—to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent. In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy (Normandie), where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in 1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter.

Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress. After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Fôret, Normandy, however, Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Henry I (c.1068 - December 1, 1135), called Henry Beauclerk or Henry Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests, was the youngest son of William the Conqueror. He reigned as King of England from 1100 to 1135, succeeding his brother, William II Rufus. He was also known by the nickname "Lion of Justice". His reign is noted for his limitations on the power of the crown, his improvements in the machinery of government, his reuniting of the dominions of his father, and his controversial decision to name his daughter as his heir.

Henry was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire in England. As the youngest son of the family, he was most likely expected to become a bishop and was given extensive schooling for a young nobleman of that time period. He was probably the first Norman ruler to be fluent in English.

His father William, upon his death in 1087, bequeathed his dominions to his sons in the following manner:

Robert received the Duchy of Normandy
William received the Kingdom of England
Henry received 5000 pounds of silver
It is reported that he prophesied that Henry would eventually get everything his father had (Cross, 1917).

The two older brothers made an agreement that if either died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother. When William II died in 1100, however, Robert was returning from the First Crusade. His absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles, allowed Henry to seize the keys of the royal hoard at Winchester. He was accepted as king by the leading barons and was crowned three days later on August 5 at Westminster. He immediately secured his position among the nobles by issuing the Charter of Liberties, which is considered a forerunner of the Magna Carta.

On November 11, 1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling, the marriage united the Norman line with old English line of kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities, Edith changed her named to Matilda upon becoming queen.

The following year in 1101, Robert Curthose attempted to seize back the crown by an invading England. In the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognize Henry as king of England and return peacefully to Normandy, upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.

In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel. In 1106, he decisively defeated his brother's Norman army at Tinchebray. He imprisoned his brother and appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of England, thus reuniting his father's dominions.

As king, Henry carried out social and judicial reforms, including:

issuing the Charter of Liberties
restoring laws of King Edward the Confessor.
He had two children by Matilda before her death in 1118: Maud, born February 1102, and William Adelin, born November 1103. On January 29, 1121, he married Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey, Count of Louvain, but there were no children from this marriage. He also holds the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with a provisional total of twenty-five. One of his illegitimate daughters, Sybilla, married King Alexander I of Scotland.

However, his only legitimate son William Adelin perished in the wreck of the White Ship, on November 25, 1120, off the coast of Normandy. Also among the dead were Henry's illegitimate son Richard and illegitimate daughter Matilda, Countess of Perche, as well as a niece, Lucia de Blois.



Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Matilda, widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir.

Henry died of food poisoning from eating foul lampreys in December, 1135, at St. Denis le Fermont in Normandy and was buried at Reading Abbey.



Although Henry's barons had sworn allegiance to his daughter Matilda as their queen, Matilda's sex and her remarriage to the House of Anjou, an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew Stephen of Boulogne to come to England and claim the throne with popular support.

The struggle between Matilda and Stephen resulted in a long civil war known as the Anarchy. The dispute was eventually settled by Stephen's naming of Matilda's son, Henry, as his heir in 1153.

---

# Note:

    Henry I was born in the year 1068---a factor he himself regarded as highly significant, for he was the only son of the Conqueror born after the conquest of England, and to Henry this meant he was heir to the throne. He was not an attractive proposition: he was dissolute to a degree, producing at least a score of bastards; but far worse he was prone to sadistic cruelty---on one occasion, for example, personally punishing a rebellious burgher by throwing him from the walls of his town.

# Note:

    At the death of William the Conqueror, Henry was left no lands, merely 5,000 pounds of silver. With these he bought lands from his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, only to see them taken back again a few years later by Robert, in unholy alliance with his brother William Rufus.

# Note:

    Henry could do little to avenge such treatment, but in England he found numerous barons who were tired of the exactions and ambitions of their king. He formed alliances with some of these, notably with the important de Clare family. He and some of the de Clares were with William Rufus on his last hunting expedition, and it is thought that the king's death was the result of Henry's plotting.

# Note:

    Certainly he moved fast to take advantage of it; leaving Rufus's body unattended in the woods, he swooped down on Winchester to take control of the treasury. Two days later he was in Westminster, being crowned by the Bishop of London. His speed is understandable when one realises that his elder brother, Robert [Curthose], was returning from the crusade, and claimed, with good reason, to be the true heir.

# Note:

    Henry showed great good sense in his first actions as King. He arrested Ranulph Flambard, William's tax-gatherer, and recalled Anselm, the exiled Archbishop. Furthermore, he issued a Charter of Liberties which promised speedy redress of grievances, and a return to the good government of the Conqueror. Putting aside for the moment his many mistresses, he married the sister of the King of Scots, who was descended from the royal line of Wessex; and lest the Norman barons should think him too pro-English in this action, he changed her name from Edith to Matilda. No one could claim that he did not aim to please.

# Note:

In 1101 Robert Curthose invaded, but Henry met him at Alton, and persuaded him to go away again by promising him an annuity of £2,000. He had no intention of keeping up the payments, but the problem was temporarily solved.

# Note:

    He now felt strong enough to move against dissident barons who might give trouble in the future. Chief amongst these was the vicious Robert of Bellême, Earl of Shrewsbury, whom Henry had known for many years as a dangerous troublemaker. He set up a number of charges against him in the king's court, making it plain that if he appeared for trial he would be convicted and imprisoned. Thus Robert and his colleagues were forced into rebellion at a time not of their own choosing, were easily defeated and sent scuttling back to Normandy.

# Note:

    In Normandy Robert Curthose began to wreak his wrath on all connected with his brother, thus giving Henry an excellent chance to retaliate with charges of misgovernment and invade. He made two expeditions in 1104-5, before the great expedition of 1106 on which Robert was defeated at the hour-long battle of Tinchebrai, on the anniversary of Hastings. No one had expected such an easy victory, but Henry took advantage of the state of shock resulting from the battle to annex Normandy. Robert was imprisoned (in some comfort, it be said); he lived on for 28 more years, ending up in Cardiff castle whiling away the long hours learning Welsh. His son William Clito remained a free agent, to plague Henry for most of the rest of his reign.

# Note:

    In England the struggle with Anselm over the homage of bishops ran its course until the settlement of 1107. In matters of secular government life was more simple: Henry had found a brilliant administrator, Roger of Salisbury, to act as Justiciar for him. Roger had an inventive mind, a keen grasp of affairs, and the ability to single out young men of promise. He quickly built up a highly efficient team of administrators, and established new routines and forms of organisation within which they could work. To him we owe the Exchequer and its recording system of the Pipe Rolls, the circuits of royal justiciars spreading the king's peace, and the attempts at codification of law. Henry's good relationships with his barons, and with the burgeoning new towns owed much to skilful administration. Certainly he was able to gain a larger and more reliable revenue this way than by the crude extortion his brother had used.

# Note:

    In 1120 came the tragedy of the White Ship. The court was returning to England, and the finest ship in the land was filled with its young men, including Henry's son and heir William. Riotously drunk, they tried to go faster and faster, when suddenly the ship foundered. All hands except a butcher of Rouen were lost, and England was without an heir.

# Note:

    Henry's only legitimate child was Matilda, but she was married to the Emperor Henry V of Germany, and so could not succeed. But in 1125 her husband died, and Henry brought her home and forced the barons to swear fealty to her---though they did not like the prospect of a woman ruler. Henry then married her to Geoffrey of Anjou, the Normans' traditional enemy, and the barons were less happy---especially when the newly-weds had a terrible row, and Geoffrey ordered her out of his lands. In 1131 Henry, absolutely determined, forced the barons to swear fealty once more, and the fact that they did so is testimoney of his controlling power. Matilda and Geoffrey were reunited, and in 1133 she produced a son whom she named for his grandfather. If only Henry could live on until his grandson was old enough to rule, all would be well.

# Note:

    But in 1135, against doctor's orders, he ate a hearty meal of lampreys, got acute indigestion, which turned into fever, and died. He was buried at his abbey in Reading---some said in a silver coffin, for which there was an unsuccessful search at the Dissolution. [Source: Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]

# Note:

Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999
Page: 161-9

Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
Page: Henry I

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 262-27, 33a-23 ~1115 - 1151 Adelicia of Brabrant 36 36 D. 1069 Adela de Rameru 1035 - 1086 William d'Arques 51 51 # Note:

    William of Arques has been the subject of an exhaustive study by Professor D. C. Douglas in the introduction to his edition "The Domesday Monacharum of Christ Church Canterbury", where full references are given to the authorities; and it is unnecessary to go over the ground again. Briefly he held Folkestone, Kent, and was the son of Godfrey Vicomte of Arques. The identity of the tenant of Folkstone is established by the fact that it passed to Nigel de Monville who had married his daughter and coheiress Emma. He must not be confused with William of Arques, a monk of Moleme who was a counsellor of Robert Curthose, and still less with William, count of Arques, the uncle of William the Conqueror. The ruined castle of Arques-la-Bataille is well known.

 1049 - 1093 William de Braose 44 44  [Pullen010502.FTW]

SRCES:
Weis/Sheppard Magna Carta Sureties
Weis/Sheppard Ancestral Roots, 7th Ed.
Complete Peerage
Dict. Nat. Biog.
Visit. Shropshire (St.Peter pedigree)
Bromfield's Norfolk
Pedigrees from Plea Rolls
a series of articles on Braose in vol 4-6 of The Genealogist (the old one)


William de Braose, First Lord of Bramber (d. 1093/1096) participated in the Battle of Hastings in support of William the Conqueror.

de Braose was given lands in south western England, adjacent to Wales, and became one of the most powerful of the Marcher Lords.

William was succeeded as Lord of Bramber by his son, Philip. William was present for the consecration of a church in his hometown of Briouze (whence the name Braose), France, in 1093, so we know he was alive in that year. However, Philip was issuing charters as Lord of Bramber in 1096, indicating that William died sometime between those dates.



Sources:

   1. Abbrev: Pullen010502.FTW
      Title: Pullen010502.FTW
      Note:
      Call number:
      Text: Date of Import: Jan 5, 2002

---

WILLIAM DE BRAOSE,(+) a Norman Baron, received large grants from the Conqueror after the Conquest in several counties, Bramber Castle, in Sussex, being his headquarters; married Agnes, daughter of Waldron de St. Clare. In Normandy William de Braose was Lord of the Honor of Braose or Brieuze, a castle situated within two leagues of Falaise, where William the Conqueror was born 0952 - 0992 Ermengard of Anjou 40 40 0958 - 1026 Richard Normandy 68 68 1113 - 1151 Geoffrey Plantagenate Of Anjou 38 38 Geoffrey V (August 24, 1113 - September 7, 1151), Count of Anjou and Maine, and later Duke of Normandy, called "Geoffrey the Fair" or "Geoffrey Plantagent", was the son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem. Geoffrey's mother was Eremburg of La Fleche, heiress of Maine. Geoffrey himself became the father of the Plantagenet dynasty of English kings.

Nicknamed for the sprig of broom (= ''gen t'' plant, in French) he wore in his hat as a badge, at the age of 15 he married Matilda, the daughter of Henry I of England and widow of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. The marriage in 1128 was meant to seal a peace between England/Normandy and Anjou. She was eleven years older than Geoffrey, and their marriage was a stormy one, but she survived him. Their eldest son became Henry II of England.

The year after the marriage Geoffrey's father left for Jerusalem (where he was to become king), leaving Geoffrey behind as count as Anjou.

When King Henry died in 1135, Maud's cousin Stephen seized the throne. While Maud turned her attentions to England, Geoffrey focused on the conquest of Normandy. This was to take a decade of steady seigework and alliance-building, a process Geoffrey would not abandon even when his wife pleaded for help in England. The merits of this strategy are sometimes debated. While Angevin forces might have been decisive if brought over to England, it also seems that the possession of Normandy played a role, possibly even a decisive one, in the eventual success of their son Henry in taking the English crown.

Geoffrey also put down three baronial rebellions in Anjou, in 1129, 1135, and 1145-1151. The threat of rebellion slowed his progress in Normandy, and is one reason he could not intervene in England.

In the remaining years of his life, Geoffrey consolidated his hold on Normandy, reforming the administration of the duchy, and, in 1150, introduced Henry into its rule.

He died on September 7, 1151, still a young man, and is buried in Le Mans Cathedral in France.

Geoffrey and Matilda had three sons, Henry, Geoffrey, and William. He also had an illegitimate son, Hamelin de Warenne.

The first reference to Norman heraldry was in 1128, when Henry I of England knighted his son-in-law Geoffrey and granted him a badge of gold lions (or leopards) on a blue background. (A gold lion may already have been Henry s own badge.) Henry II used two gold lions and two lions on a red background are still part of the arms of Normandy. Henry's son, Richard I, added a third lion to distinguish the arms of England.
References
Jim Bradbury, "Geoffrey V of Anjou, Count and Knight", in The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood III
Charles H. Haskins, "Normandy Under Geoffrey Plantagenet", The English Historical Review, volume 27 (July 1912), pp. 417-444
 0987 - 1031 Brusi Sigurdsson 44 44 1003 - 1050 Heleve Arlette de Falaise 47 47 Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999
Page: cxiv
Text: Harlette is the common mother between William I and Robert de Mortain.

Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 121-23, 130-23

Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000
Page: III:164

http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=tamer&id=I5702 1055 Emma Ramsay 0971 - 1008 Geoffrey of Anjou 37 37 # Note:

    GEOFFREY, DUKE OF BRITTANY, married Hawise, daughter of Richard I, DUKE OFNORMANDY, and died in 1008, leaving two sons, Alan and Eudon. During their mother's lifetime the two brothers seem to have been joint rulers of Brittany, but on her death, on 21 February 1034, dissensions broke out between them; peace was restored by a settlement under which Eudon received a territory corresponding roughly to the dioceses of Dol, St. Mialo, St. Brieuc and Tréguier, reduced in the hands of his successors to the two last-named dioceses, while Alan retained the rest of Brittany. After the death of Alan in 1040 Eudon seized the government of Brittany to the exclusion of his nephew Conan, who recovered it in 1057. Eudon died 7 January 1079. He married Orguen, whose parentage is unknown. [Complete Peerage X:779-81, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
 1029 - 1087 Adeliza of Normandy 58 58 1322 - 1368 Isabel Percy 46 46 0968 - 1034 Havlive Rouen 66 66 Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
Page: 39-22Text: illegal dau of Richard I ,Page: 214-22  1003 Geoffrey de Bretagne 1005 Adela de Bretagne 1008 Hawise de Bretagne 1010 William Ramsay 1086 - 1164 Agnes de Arches 78 78 gift dated 1144-55 to the nuns at Nunkeeling, which establishment she founded, "pro salute anime domini mei Herberti de Sancto Quintino et pro animabus Walteri et Alani filiorum meorum." [Farrer. EYC v.3 p.53].

Agnes is referred to as Alice's mother in a gift made to Nunkeeling by the latter between 1164-1170
1168 Maud de Louvain de Percy 1051 - 1094 Robert de Bruis 43 43 1043 - 1100 Roger de Pitres 57 57 1009 Hedwige de Normandy 1138 Emma Plantagenet 1002 - 1085 Bertha de Blois 83 83 1228 - 1271 William de Percy 43 43 1162 Piers de Bruce 1170 Loderina de Brus 1198 Henry de Baliol 1145 Annabel de Baliol 1160 Eustace de Baliol 1150 Enetau de Baliol 1106 Guermond de Picquigny 1130 Eustace de Picquigny 1078 Arnoul de Picquigny 1102 Mellisende de Picquigny 1040 - 1085 Eustace de Picquigny 45 45 1172 Margaret de Berkeley 1178 Richard de Berkeley 1185 Roger de Berkeley 1125 John de Berkeley 1158 Robert de Berkeley 1160 Theobald de Berkeley 1162 Richenda de Berkeley 1100 - 1169 John de Berkeley 69 69 1126 Richard de Berkeley 1090 Walter de Berkeley 1069 John de Berkeley 1002 Stephanie de Normandy 0990 - 1017 Aelis Adelaide of Normandy 27 27 1000 Judith de Normandy 1007 Felicia de Normandie 1162 - 1221 Peter de Brus 59 59 Some sources have this Peter/Piers as the son of Adam III instead of Adam II

---

Sources:
Title: AFN:
Abbrev: AFN:
Title: Royal Genealogy
Abbrev: Royal Genealogy
Author: Brian Tompsett
Publication: 1994-1999
Title: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Abbrev: Paul B. McBride's Genealogy
Author: Paul B. McBride
Title: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson, Lockwood, Strong, Gates and ancestors
Abbrev: Horrocks, Philips, Winget, Keeler, Clark, Watson,
Author: Lloyd A. Horocks
Title: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Abbrev: The Phillips, Weber, Kirk and Staggs Family
Author: Jim Weber
Title: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and 1650
Abbrev: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New
Author: Frederick Lewis Weis
Publication: Genealogical Publishing, Inc. Sixth Edition, 1988 1142 - 1215 William de Bruce 73 73 1226 - 1282 Isabel de Warenne 56 56 1132 Ada de Percy 1134 Walter de Percy 1136 Richard de Percy 1138 William de Percy 1140 Alan de Percy 1142 Maud de Percy 1144 Alice de Percy 1146 Emma de Percy 1122 Robert de Arches Sources:
Title: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Author: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: Mark Willis Ballard
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : mwballard.ged
Note:
6928 N. Lakewood Avenue
773-743-6663
mwballard52@yahoo.com
Date: 4 NOV 2003
Title: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Author: David William Weaver
Abbrev: David William Weaver
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!June-2004-Sanders-Weaver-Lay.ged
Note:
812-689-5624
dave@satcover.com
Date: 23 MAY 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : 8-08-04-Weaver-Sanders-Lay-Ancstry Tree.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : 8-08-04-Weaver-Sanders-Lay-Ancstry Tree.ged
Date: 8 AUG 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : ALL-AN~1.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : ALL-AN~1.ged
Date: 14 SEP 2004
Title: GEDCOM File : !!~!The One To Use-Weaver And Sanders.ged
Abbrev: GEDCOM File : !!~!The One To Use-Weaver And Sanders.ged
Date: 14 OCT 2004
1038 Maud de Arques 0998 Helen 1126 - 1184 Gilbert de Molle 58 58 1124 Bethoc of Galloway de Molle 1120 Aufrica of Galloway de Molle 1040 - 1124 Everard de Ros 84 84 1012 Gospatric de Port 0969 Geofrey de Percie [scary.ged]
Geoffrey II, Count de Caux, Sieur de Percie.

Sources:

   1. Title: scary.ged
      Author: Susan (Poliksa) Cary scary @ infowest.com
      Publication: RootsWeb World Connect, db=poliksa
      Repository:
      Media: Electronic
      Text: Date of Import: Oct 3, 2001  0945 William de Percie [scary.ged]
William, Sieur de Percie, Governor of South Normandy, Comte of Caux; slain by Hugh Capet, King of France.

Sources:

   1. Title: scary.ged
      Author: Susan (Poliksa) Cary scary @ infowest.com
      Publication: RootsWeb World Connect, db=poliksa
      Repository:
      Media: Electronic
      Text: Date of Import: Oct 3, 2001  0912 Geoffrey de Percie [scary.ged]
Geoffrey, associate of Rollo, baptized at Artois A. D. 912. Rollo became a Christian, but still held to many of his pagan customs.

Sources:

   1. Title: scary.ged
      Author: Susan (Poliksa) Cary scary @ infowest.com
      Publication: RootsWeb World Connect, db=poliksa
      Repository:
      Media: Electronic
      Text: Date of Import: Oct 3, 2001  0884 Mainfred de Percie [scary.ged]
There was, perhaps, no more illustrious house of English nobility than that of Percy. Both in the age of chivalry, and in the so-called "Renaissance" or Reformation period, the house of Northumberland occupied a position of great, if not paramount, importance. The Percies were Catholic, but not Ultramontane; Monarchial, but steadfast opponents of tyrants; they contributed more than their share to the development of the National Church and Constitution. Heroes in war, pioneers of learning, martyrs for religion, are all represented by Percies; while from the earliest period there has been no grander title than that of King or Earl of Northumbria.
Tradition bestows upon these lords of Percie a remote Scandinavian origin, and monkish historians afterwards traced the house from those old Danish sea-rovers who harried every European shore from Shannon to the mouth of the Tiber. In the words of Dugdale: This ancient and right noble family do derive their descent from Mainfred de Percy, which Mainfred came out of Denmark into Normandy before the advent of the famous Rollo there. And another chronicler of the 15th century tells us that a son of this Mainfred, the Viking, was one of those who fought side by side with Rollo, 1st Duke of Normandy. Mainfred, who came out of Denmark into Normandy before the advent of Duke Rollo, who gained possession of Normandy in 911. Sources for Percy Family:
History of House of Percy, by Brenan; author's preface, p. XVII;
Introduction. Charts pp. 6 and 168, pages 1 to 93;
Edmondson Baronagium Genealogicum, Vol. 3, pp. 269-270. ;
Collins Peerage of England, Vol. 2, p. 240; Vol. 3, pp. 217-273;
Clay's Dormant and Extinct Peerage, pp. 21-24;
Harleian Society Publications, Visitation of Cheshire, Vol. 18, p. 140;
Ormerod's History of Cheshire, Vol. 3, pp. 306, 363, 394;
Burke's Landed Gentry (1939), Americans of British Ancestry,
Vol. 3, pp. 2759-60.

---

Sources:

   1. Title: scary.ged
      Author: Susan (Poliksa) Cary scary @ infowest.com
      Publication: RootsWeb World Connect, db=poliksa
      Repository:
      Media: Electronic
      Text: Date of Import: Oct 3, 2001  ~1086 Sigrid Ceanmore 1044 William de Picquigny 1014 - 1066 Ansculf de Picquigny 52 52 He served in the military in 1066 in Hastings, Sussex, England. Ansculf was made Lord of the Manor of Englefield by King William I not long after his conquest of Britain. He appears to have come from Picquigny and was probably part of William's army at the Battle of Hastings. He died after 1066. He held the royal title of Lord of the Manor of Englefield after 1066. Englefield means "Anglo" or "English-Field", being named after the Field of Battle where the Anglo-Saxons were victorious over invading Vikings in 870. He held the royal title of Sheriff of Buckinghamshire after 1066. William Paganel Sources:

   1. Title: The Plantagenet Ancestry
      Abbrev: Turton
      Author: William Henry Turton
      Publication: Genealogical Publishing Company, London, England, 1968,
      originally 1928  1100 Ralph Paganel Gervaise Paganel 0984 - 1037 Judhael Chateau en Porho 53 53 1095 - 1143 Godfrey of Brabrant 48 48 1193 - 1245 William De Percy 52 52 0985 Emma of Tancarville Generated by GenoPro®. Click here for details.