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Family Subtree Diagram : GenoMap1

PLEASE NOTE: If you do not see a GRAPHIC IMAGE of a family tree here but are seeing this text instead then it is most probably because the web server is not correctly configured to serve svg pages correctly. see http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/SVG:Server_Configuration for information on how to correctly configure a web server for svg files. ? 1350 - 1397 Richard III Fitzalan 47 47 Beheaded ~1343 - 1385 Elizabeth De Bohun 42 42 ~1276 - ~1321 Humphrey Viii De Bohun 45 45 4th Earl of Essex and Hereford; Lord Constaple of England; Killed in Battle. ~1310 - 1360 William De Bohun 50 50 1537 Elizabeth Perkins 1699 - 1776 Mary Child 77 77 1696 - 1728 Nathaniel Whitney 32 32 1740 - 1807 Eli Whitney 67 67 1740 - 1777 Elizabeth Fay 36 36 1765 - 1825 Eli Whitney 59 59 Whitney, Eli (1765-1825), American inventor, best known for his invention of the cotton gin.

Whitney was born in Westboro, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, and educated at Yale College (now Yale University). In 1792 he visited the plantation, near Savannah, Georgia, of Catharine Greene, widow of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. There he designed and built a model for a machine that would separate the seeds from the fibers of the short-staple cotton plant, work that until that time had been done by hand. He completed the machine-the first cotton gin-in 1793. This invention had a great impact on the development of the southern United States. With the gin, cotton could be cleaned so efficiently that it became the most important crop in the South and the basis of the region's profitable agricultural economy.

Whitney entered into partnership with the plantation manager, Phineas Miller, to manufacture cotton gins at New Haven, Connecticut. A disastrous factory fire prevented the partners from making enough gins to meet the demand, and manufacturers throughout the South began to copy the invention. Although Whitney and Miller received a patent on the gin in 1794, a decision protecting their patent was not rendered until 1807. In 1812, the Congress of the United States denied Whitney's petition for renewal of the patent. In all, he profited very little from his invention.

In 1798 Whitney turned to the large-scale manufacture of firearms. After signing a contract to supply the federal government with 10,000 military muskets, he built a factory near New Haven, at present-day Hamden, in which he experimented with a system of manufacturing standardized, interchangeable parts. He died in New Haven on January 8, 1825. 1540 John Perkins ~1542 Edward Perkins ~1546 Luke Perkins William Gedney Tracy Charles Tracy Frances Louise Tracy 1837 - 1913 John Pierpont Morgan 75 75 John Pierpont Morgan, known as J. P. Morgan, b.  Hartford, Conn., Apr.  17,
1837, d.  Mar. 31, 1913, the son of Junius, was a major figure in
international finance before World War I.  An agent for his father in New
York, he formed (1871) the banking house of Drexel, Morgan, & Co., which 24
years later was renamed J. P. Morgan & Co.  After the crash of 1893, Morgan
was active in railroads, reorganizing several lines in the eastern United
States.  He also marketed U.S. government securities on a massive scale.  In
1898 he entered the field of industrial consolidation, forming the Federal
Steel Company and (1901) the United States Steel Corp.  The latter firm
included the Carnegie steel interests, which were purchased for $400 million.
Morgan had wide-ranging influence over many of the companies that he financed,
an influence that was, however, probably exaggerated in public opinion.  A
great art collector, he gave many works to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in
New York City.  His collection of manuscripts and books is housed in the
MORGAN LIBRARY in New York City. 1867 - 1943 John Pierpont Morgan 75 75 John Pierpont Morgan, Jr., born in Irvington, New York, Sept. 7, 1867, died  Mar.  13, 1943, inherited the family's banking house.  He was instrumental in financing
$1.5 billion in Allied military purchases during World War 1 and in arranging $1.7 billion in reconstruction loans after the war. ~1548 Isache Perkins 1534 - 1603 Thomas Morgan 69 69 1391 - 1425 Edmund Mortimer 34 34 3rd Earl of Ulster. 1371 - 1409 Edmund Mortimer 38 38 1342 - 1408 Henry De Percy 66 66 <1342 - 1386 Hugh De Stafford 44 44 D. <1337 Phillippa De Beauchamp ~1538 Elizabeth Bodenham D. 1396 Margaret De Stafford Isabel De Beaumont 1341 - 1369 Blanche Of Lancaster 28 28 1817 - 1891 Rebecca Staples 74 74 1870 keeps house, River Falls, WI.
1880 wd, keeping house, River Falls, WI. 1828 - 1908 Sherman Roger Staples 79 79 1880 farmer, River Falls, WI.
1900 none, River Falls, WI. 1831 - 1907 Maria Staples 75 75 1833 - 1917 Martha Staples 83 83 1900 mother of 7, 7 still living. 1835 - 1901 John Staples 65 65 1860 with father. 1836 - 1872 Mary Staples 35 35 1838 - 1871 Sophia Staples 32 32 ~1562 Edward Morgan 1842 - 1934 Samuel Staples 91 91 1880 farmer, Adams Twp, Butler, PA.
1900 farmer, North Adams Twp, Butler, PA.
1910 farmer, own farm, Callery, PA.
1920 farmer own, farm, Callery, PA.
1930 none, wd, Callery, PA. 1801 William Cashdollar WILLIAM CASHDOLLAR was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1801, came to Butler county in boyhood, and was reared by Joseph PARKS, of Middlesex township. After reaching manhood he married Margaret RICHARDSON, a daughter of Joseph RICHARDSON, of Adams township, to which union were born twelve children: Catherine, who married Robert HOON; John F.; William S.; Joseph; James; Margaret A., who married Jacob M. MILLER; George W., deceased; Mary E., wife of Samuel STAPLES; Rosanna, wife of John A PURVIS; Samuel B.; Thomas D., and Matilda, wife of Samuel RAMSEY. Mr. CASHDOLLAR died July 4, 1882, at the age of eighty-one years. He was a member of the United Presbyterian church, and filled the office of elder in that denomination. He was a stanch Democrat, and was tax collector of Cranberry township, and supervisor [p. 1150] of Adams township. Mr. CASHDOLLAR was one of the substantial and respected citizens of Butler county. 1810 Margret Richardson 1835 John Fowler Cashdollar JOHN F. CASHDOLLAR was born in Cranberry township, now Adams township, Butler county, January 19, 1835, and was reared and educated in his native township. He was married December 16, 1858, to Catherine BEERS, a daughter of James BEERS, of Adams township. They are the parents of eleven children, as follows: Jane, wife of Frederick McNEAL; Samuel J., deceased; Margaret E., wife of John B. HILL; James M.; William O., deceased; Elizabeth B., wife of Harvey MILLER; Robert F., deceased; Charles A.; Albert C.; David R., and Walter F. Mr. CASHDOLLAR and wife are members of the United Presbyterian church, in which he is a trustee. In politics, he is a Democrat; was elected county auditor in 1878, and filled that office for three years. He takes and active interest in educational matters, and has served as school director. 1837 - 1917 Joseph F. Cashdollar 80 80 JOSEPH CASHDOLLAR, was born in what is now Adams township, Butler county, upon the old homestead near Myoma, December 6, 1837, and is the third son of William CASHDOLLAR. He grew to manhood engaged in the usual routine of a farmer's life, and was engaged in that vocation when he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteer's, August 7, 1862. He served in the battles of Antietam and Fredricksburg, and was honorably discharged from the service June 3, 1863. Returning to his home, he was married to Sophia STAPLES, daughter of Job STAPLES, of Adams township, in September, 1864. Mrs. CASHDOLLAR died in 1871, and the following year he married Elizabeth P., a daughter of Anthony RAMSEY, of Cranberry township, to which union were born five children: Lawrence B.; Walter; Anthony S.; Edith E.; and Elizabeth, deceased. The mother died in 1881, and he married Miss MARBURGER, a daughter of Milton MARBURGER, of Adams township, in 1882. Three children are the fruits of this marriage, as follows: Milton; William, and George. Mr. CASHDOLLAR is a member of the United Presbyterian church, and is a deacon in that denomination. He is filling the office of notary public at the present time, and has also been a justice of the peace. 1849 - 1926 Mary Elizabeth Cashdollar 77 77 1782 - 1789 Sophia Staples 7 7 1791 - 1813 Sophia Staples 21 21 1807 - 1886 James Beers 79 79 JAMES BEERS was born in Down county, Ireland, in June, 1807, and was reared to farm life, and also followed boating. He married Jane, daughter of Samuel FERGUSON, of the same place, to which union were born eleven children: Ellen, and Sarah, both deceased; Catherine, wife of John CASHDOLLAR, of Adams township; Samuel; John; Ellen, wife of J. M. LITTLE, of Callery; James; Margaret, wife of Robert MCKEE, of Fayette county; Alexander M.; Robert, and Eliza, wife of R. J. PARK, of Adams township. Mr. BEERS came to the United States in 1827, first settled in Missouri, then removed to Louisiana, and from there to Pittsburg, whence he came to Butler county. He purchased the Patterson farm in Adams township, also the Johnson farm, and part of the Patton farm, making in all 106 acres. He also bought mining property in Fayette county, where he mined fire clay and quarried rock. He owned property at Dunbar, Fayette county, and was quite a prosperous business man down to his death, in July, 1886. His widow survived until March, 1888. The were members of the United Presbyterian church. In politics, Mr. BEERS was a Democrat, filled the office of school director for several years, and took an active interest in public affairs. 1815 - 1888 Jane Ferguson 73 73 ~1564 - <1610 John Morgan 46 46 1838 Catherine Beers ~1813 - <1868 Pyrrhus Dunbar 55 55 Thora D. 0475 Theodemir I Erelieva ~0455 - 0526 Theodoric 'the Great' 71 71 Theodoric, in Late Latin Theodoricus, in German Dietrich, often called
Theodoric the Great (circa 454-526), Ostrogothic king (474-526) and founder of
the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy. Born in the Roman province of Pannonia, he
was, from the age of 7 to 17, a hostage at the court of the Byzantine Empire
in Constantinople. In 474 Theodoric was elected king after his father's death,
and during the following 14 years he and the Byzantine emperor Zeno engaged in
alternate warfare and alliance. In 488, under the auspices of Zeno, Theodoric
invaded Italy. He defeated Odoacer, the first Germanic ruler of Italy, in
three decisive battles and blockaded him in Ravenna. In 493, when all of Italy
had been subdued by Theodoric, Odoacer surrendered and was treacherously slain
by the Ostrogothic king. Theodoric then assumed the leadership of Italy and
made Ravenna his capital.
Theodoric's reign of 33 years was devoted primarily to the consolidation and
development of his new kingdom, and it was a period of nearly unprecedented
peace and prosperity in Italy. He zealously promoted agriculture and commerce.
Although himself an Arian Christian, he exhibited an unusual tolerance for all
other Christian sects. The government was administered by Romans on Roman
lines; separate codes of law were used for Romans and Goths. Among the Romans
who held high office under Theodoric were the statesmen Anicius Boethius and
Flavius Cassiodorus; Boethius, however, incurred the suspicion of the monarch
toward the end of his reign and was executed for treason. Theodoric's last
years were also marred by growing tension with the anti-Arian Byzantine
emperor Justinian I. Theodoric was succeeded by his daughter Amalasuntha as
regent for her son Athalaric. The magnificent mausoleum of Theodoric still
stands in Ravenna. ~1566 David Morgan ~0469 - 0535 Theodora 66 66 Died: Murdered! D. 0507 Alaric II Alaric II (died 507), king of the Visigoths (484-507), succeeding his
father, Euric (died 484). He ruled all Gaul beyond the Loire and Rhone
rivers and most of Spain. Like most Visigoths, Alaric adhered to Arianism;
this gave the Frankish king Clovis I, an orthodox Christian, an excuse for
making war on him. Alaric's forces were completely routed at Vouillé, near
Poitiers (in present-day France), and he himself was overtaken and slain by
Clovis. This defeat brought to an end the rule of the Visigoths in Gaul.
Alaric is also known for the Breviary of Alaric, an abstract of Roman laws
and decrees prepared at his direction for use in his domains. This document
is a primary source of knowledge about the application of Roman law in
nations formed from the disintegrated Roman Empire. Theodegotho ~0494 - 0521 Eustšre 27 27 0486 - 0533 Theoderic I 47 47 ~0511 - 0548 Theodebert I 37 37 0503 - 0548 Deuterie De Reims 45 45 0534 - 0555 Thšodebald 21 21 0520 - 0555 Waldrada De Lombardie 35 35 0555 - 0599 Grimaud D'aquitaine 44 44 ~1568 Blanch Morgan 0560 - ~0612 Itte De Gascogne 52 52 D. 0484 Euric 0520 - 0584 Chiliperic I 64 64 King of Neustrie. 0543 - 0598 Fredegund 55 55 0584 - 0628 Clotaire II 44 44 ~0582 - 0618 Bertrude 36 36 0600 - 0638 Dagobert I 38 38 King of the Franks (629-39), son of Clotaire II. He became king of Austrasia in 623 and at the death of his father the sole king of the Franks. By 632 he had also brought Burgundy and Aquitaine under his rule, becoming the most powerful of the Merovingian kings and the most respected sovereign in the West. He made Paris his capital. St. Eloi (588?-659) was Dagobert's principal adviser, and his rule was marked by the building of numerous monasteries and the strengthening of the royal power. At his death the Frankish kingdom was divided between his sons. Ragnetrude 0632 Daughter Of Dagobert I ~1572 Elizabeth Morgan ~0633 - 0652 Clovis II 19 19 ~0635 - ~0680 Bathildis 45 45 ~0651 - ~0690 Theoderic (Thierry) 39 39 ~0650 - 0692 Clotilde Dode 42 42 ~0660 - >0721 Bertrade De Pruem 61 61 Founder of the Pruem Abbey. ~0660 - <0696 Martin Of Leon 36 36 Theodard ~0669 - 0718 Irmina 49 49 ~0665 - ~0697 Hugobert Of Bavaria 32 32 N.n. De Burgondie ~1574 Jane Morgan Gondobald ~0385 - ~0436 Gundicar 51 51 Took refuge in Gaul in 411 from Allemani as allies of the Romans; established themselves in certain cantons of the Soquani & of upper Germany; thus founded the first kingdom of Burgundy under Gundicar & later his son Gunderic. Gunderic ~0433 - >0470 Syagrius 37 37 ~0470 - >0500 Syagria 30 30 D. 0473 Gunderic ~0465 Latinus ~0485 Gondobald Augin Agia ~1578 Ann Morgan N.n. Of Soissons D. 0500 Godogisel De Burgondie Theodelinde Daughter Of Godogisel N.n. Of Toulouse N.n. Of Toulouse D. 0527 Theodon II D. 0567 Theodobald I D. 0584 Theodebert D. 0549 Desire ~1580 Margaret Morgan ~0533 N.n. Of Dijon Gondoald Of Meaux N.n. Of Dijon Syagrius' brother. Garnier I Of Burgundy N.n. Of Neustrie Garniers II's Brother. N.n. Of Dijon N.n. Of Meaux Bodilon D. >0677 Sigarde D. 0676 Guerin Of Paris ~1582 Catherine Morgan Gunzie Childebrand ~0985 - 1048 Humbert I Bianco Mano 63 63 ~0989 Ancelie Von Lenzburg ~1534 William Winter ~0947 - >0980 Adalbert Of Ivrea 33 33 Marquis of Ivrea. ~0952 Gerberge Of Burgandy ~0930 Letald Of Macon ~0916 - ~0942 Adelaide Of Burgundy 26 26 ~0525 - ~0590 Garibaldi 65 65 D. 0609 Tassilon I D. 0610 Romilde Of Frioul D. 0611 Gisulf II De Frioul Geila De Frioul D. 0640 Garibaldo I ~1538 Maria Lanston D. 0630 Theoden III D. 0613 Regintrude Of France D. 0717 Theoden V Folchaide De Salzburg ~0610 - 0642 Nanthilde 32 32 D. 0677 Robert De Salzburg D. <0678 Theodora (Theoda) Erlebert Of Therouanne Severus Alberic ~1520 - 1551 William Parke 31 31 Adele ~0550 - 0611 Arnoldus 61 61 Bishop of Metz 601-611 ~0523 - 0570 Ansbertus 47 47 0558 - ~0603 Blithilde 45 45 Ansbertus Ferreolus Dode De Montfaucon ~0541 - 0572 Wultrade De Lomardie 31 31 ~0493 - >0511 Tonantius 18 18 Industrie ~0475 - 0509 Cloderic 'the Parricide' 34 34 Murdered 0509 by agents of his kinsman Clovis I. ~1525 Margaret Roddon Of Bavaria ~0420 - >0475 Tonance Ferreol 55 55 ~0463 Papianille Niece of Emperor Avitus. Probus Eulalie ~0445 - 0509 Sigebert 'the Lame' 64 64 Murdered by his own son at the instigation of Clovis I. D. 0491 Chilperic II Agrippine Wacchon Austricuse ~1547 William Parke N.n. Syagria Magnus Thaumaste I ~0430 - 0483 Childebert 53 53 ~0435 - 0478 Amalaberge 43 43 Zucchilo Afranius Syagrius ~0398 - 0448 Clodion Le Chevelu 50 50 0399 - ~0450 Ildegonde De Cologne 51 51 Clodoweg ~1551 John Parke Wedelphe De Saxe D. ~0490 Claffon ~0374 - 0414 Theodemir 40 40 Ildegonde Of Lombardy Marcomir Blesinde Gondeon Lething ~0350 - 0384 Richimir 34 34 Ascyla Chlogio I 1530 - 1575 William Chaplin 45 45 Held messuage called Lyons in Whatfield jointly with his son Edmund; will dated 15 NOV 1575 and proved 25 JAN 1577/8 Blesinde Of Sueve Mildeon Lething 0320 - 0376 Mellobaude 56 56 Ascyllius Leth ~0295 - ~0360 Malaric I 65 65 First King of Franks in Toxandrie. ~0270 - ~0307 Ragaise 37 37 ~0245 - ~0289 Gonobaud I 44 44 ~0220 - 0281 Marcomir 61 61 Sandregisisle Joan Froste Hugues Of Austrasie Theodebald De Baviere ~0560 - 0649 Garitrude D'hamage 89 89 Basin Menia D. ~0529 Baderic De Thuringe Daughter Of Baderic Pretextat Parovius ~0525 Betton ~1540 Francis Anstey ~0465 - 0508 Ragnomer 43 43 ~0505 Ragnoara ~0500 Pastor ~0530 Aiga Austregilde ~0555 - >0607 Richomer 52 52 ~1029 - <1090 Guillaume Bertrand 61 61 ~1030 Adelaide (Adelais) Cavanez ~1003 - ~1054 Guillaume Bertrand 51 51 ~1008 Aldegarde ~1004 Guy Of Cavanez 1534 - 1585 Thomas Freeman 51 51 ~0981 - 1018 William II 37 37 ~0986 Gerberge De Burgundy ~0968 - 1018 William I 50 50 ~0960 - 1029 Adela (Blanca) D'anjou 69 69 ~0908 Bozon ~0946 Constance ~0931 - 15 MAR 973 Renaud De Roucy ~0930 - 15 MAR 973 Alberade De Lorraine ~0956 - ~0985 Gilbert De Roucy 29 29 ~1562 John Freeman ~0890 - 0939 Giselbert 49 49 Lay Abbot of Echternach 915-939 ~0932 Henri Of Lorraine ~0937 Wiltrude Of Lorraine ~0850 - 0916 Regnier I 66 66 Fl. 877-886; markgraf between the Meuse and the Schelst; lay abbot of Echternock (Luxembourg) 897-915. ~0865 Hersent Of Lorraine ~0860 - 0932 Alberade Of Lorraine 72 72 ~0830 - ~0892 Giselbert Of Darnau 62 62 In 846 kidnapped and carried off to Aqitaine the Emperor Lothair's daughter, whom he subsequently married. ~0830 Ermengarde 0795 - 0855 Lothaire I 60 60 Holy Roman emperor (840-55), and eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I, the Pious, and grandson of Charlemagne. Lothair became coruler with his father in 817 and was crowned by the pope six years later. He twice conspired with his brothers in revolts against their father. In 839 Lothair received the eastern part of the empire in addition to Italy, which he had received in 822. After the death of Louis I, Lothair attempted to assert his power over his brothers, but he was defeated by them at Fontenoy, France, on June 25, 841. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), the title of Holy Roman emperor was guaranteed to Lothair, together with sovereignty over Italy, Burgundy, Alsace, Lorraine, and the Low Countries. After having divided his kingdom among his three sons, Lothair retired to a monastery. His second son, sometimes called Lothair II (circa 835-69), reigned from 855 to 869 over the
kingdom of Lotharingia. ~0800 - 0851 Hermengarde D'alsace 51 51 ~1564 Elizabeth Freeman ~0820 Rotrude ~0825 - 0875 Louis II 50 50 Designated King of Italy 839 and crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II 15 June 844; in 850 crowned joint emperor at Rome by Pope Leo IV; on the death of his father in 855 became sole emperor; involved with his brother Lothair's divorce proceedings; in 863 received the kingdom of Provence on the death of his brother Charles; with help of Basil I fought against the Saracens who were ravishing southern Italy, but could not follow up his successes for want of a fleet; crowned a second time as emperor by Pope Adrian II 18 May 872; won further victories against the Saracens; named as his successor his wife's brother Carloman, son of Louis the German. ~0828 - 0863 Charles 35 35 ~0827 - 0869 Lothaire II 42 42 Received the territory known as Lorraine for his kingdom on death of his father in 855; did little for its government or defense - his reign chiefly occupied by his efforts to secure a divorce from his wife Teutberga in order to marry Waldrada; sought consent of his uncles Charles the Bald and Louis the German; he put away Teutberga but had to restore her in 858; finally got his divorce and married Waldrada in 862; threatened with excommunication he took back his wife but now she wanted a divorce; Lothair went to Rome to get consent of the new Pope Adrian II; on his return journey was seized with a fever and died at Piscenza; his kingdom was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German - a kingdom lost for love. ~0832 Beletrude ~0834 - 0861 Gisle 27 27 Dode Of Italy ~0765 - 0829 Hugh II 64 64 ~0779 Ava D'alsace ~0798 Luitfrid III ~1566 Blase Freeman ~0819 - ~0866 Adelaide D'alsace 47 47 ~0740 - >0765 Luitfrid II 25 25 ~0744 Hiltrude Of Alsace ~0707 - 0747 Luitfrid 40 40 ~0719 Edith Of Alsace ~0742 Theitbaldus Of Alsace ~0675 - 0741 Adalbert 66 66 ~0679 Gerlinde Of Alsace ~0697 Eberhard ~0699 Eugenia Of Alsace ~1537 - ~1591 Edward Edwards 54 54 ~0701 Attala Of Alsace ~0703 Gundlindis Of Alsace ~0705 Maso Of Alsace ~0643 - 0690 Eticho I 47 47 Obtained the duchy of Alsace 662; head of the Alsatian House of the Ethiconides; Duke of Alsace 662-690. ~0652 Berswinde Of France ~0673 - 0723 Eticho II 50 50 ~0677 - 0722 Ottilia Of Alsace 45 45 ~0679 Rosvvinda Of Alsace ~0620 - >0643 Lendisius 23 23 ~1544 - 1606 Ursula Coles 62 62 ~0590 - >0620 Erchembaldus 30 30 ~0594 - >0620 Leudefindis 26 26 ~0584 Grasulf I Chlodwig I Basine De Saxe Eadburh Of Mercia D. 0997 Geza Was converted to Christianity in 975. Sarlota Of Transylvania ~0975 - 1038 Saint Stephen I Arp d 63 63 Stephen I, also called St. Stephen (975?-1038), first king of Hungary, founder of the ArpÏd dynasty. A pagan at birth, he was converted to Christianity in his youth. He became duke of Hungary in 997. Shortly thereafter a pagan revolt broke out in several Hungarian provinces; Stephen immediately attacked the insurgents and defeated them at Veszprém. He was crowned king in 1001; on the occasion of his coronation Pope Sylvester II sent a crown from Rome and accorded him the title "Apostolic Majesty," which was borne by Hungarian sovereigns until the overthrow of the Hungarian monarchy in 1918. His reign was notable for the propagation of Christianity and the suppression of paganism throughout Hungary. He was canonized in 1083 and became the patron saint of Hungary. His feast day is August 16. ~0960 - >0992 Hildouin II 32 32 ~1566 Peter Edwards ~1010 - 1057 Manassess 47 47 ~0930 - >0970 Helpuin 40 40 ~0934 Hersinde ~0950 - ~1013 Regnier IV 63 63 ~0972 - >1013 Adwige (Avoise) Of France 41 41 ~1000 Rotilde De Hainault Hugues III ~0924 - 0973 Regnier III 49 49 Reformed his monasteries; captured at war with Emperor Otto the Great; died in exile. ~0929 - 0961 Adele (Alice) Of Equisheim 32 32 ~0952 - 1015 Lambert I 'the Bearded' 63 63 Slain in battle. ~1571 Francis Edwards ~0890 - 0932 Regnier II 42 42 His capital was at Mons but his principal residence was in the castle of Hornu ~0903 Adelaide Of Burgundy ~0903 Hugh 0955 - >1007 Savery III 52 52 0925 - 0969 Herbert I 44 44 0930 Alderde D'aunay ~0970 - 1031 Thibault De Montlhery 61 61 Ansaud II 'la Riche' ~1573 Richard Edwards Reitrude D. 1106 Arnold II Adelaide De Rameru ~0883 - 0942 Idwal Voel Ab Anarawd 59 59 King of Gwynedd. ~0917 - 0986 Meuric Ab Idwal Voel 69 69 Toscanda ~1575 Robert Edwards Bodilon Sigrada D. 0677 Warin Kunza Of Treves Lambert Of Hasbaye Robert Of Hasbaye ~0700 Williswinda D. 0772 Guerin Adelindar D. ~0811 Bouchard 'the Constable' ~1577 Nicholas Edwards D. ~0801 Aubre 'the Burgundian' D. ~0876 Bouchard Geoffrey Aubri 'dux' Geoffrey Aubri Geoffrey II Aubri II ~1579 Elizabeth Edwards Hoedlyw Urban Tehvant Coel Hen Ceneu Gwrst Meirchion Gul Elidir Gwawr D. ~0600 Llywarch Hen ~1475 - 1528 Thomas Perkins 53 53 Had lands and tenements in towns of Fylds, Hilmorton and Lylborne, Northamptonshire; will made April 13, 1528; proved April 21, 1528; directed that he be buried in church of St. John the Baptist before thr Rood. Dwywg Gwair Anna Pendragon Tegid Algyn Sandde Ap Algyn Elidir Ap Sandde Cunedda Moved from north of Hadrian's Wall to drive out Irish invaders of Wales. Vala (Princess Gwawl) Einion Yrth At war with Gaels settled in Anglesey, 5th century. ~1470 - 1538 Alys De Astley 68 68 Will dated July 31, 1538; proved Oct. 15, 1538; buried in Church of St. John the Babtist. D. 0517 Cadwallon 'the Long-Handed' Defeated Irish in Anglesey in a decisive battle D. ~0570 Brochmaeli D. 0599 Cynan Glodrydd D. 0615 Selyo Sarffgadau Tryffyn Ap Merfyn Isabel Ivor Cynelin Gwyn 0932 - ~1010 Elystan Glodrydd 78 78 1508 - 1577 Roland Morgan 69 69 Gladys Brockwell Rhyn Severus Manne ~0970 - 1029 Alberto Azzo I 59 59 1512 Blanch Thomas Waldrade Of Venice ~0976 - 1047 Guelph III 71 71 ~0990 - 1055 Ermingarde Of Luxembourg 65 65 Elicho I ~0920 Henry I ~0766 Isembert D. 0780 Warinus ~0920 - 0988 Albert I 'the Pious' 68 68 ~0935 Gerberga Of Lorraine ~0955 - 1000 Herbert III 45 45 ~1536 Mary Morgan ~0970 - >1035 Ermengarde De Bar 65 65 Ermengarde Of Alsace D. 0753 Childebrand I Sonsored the continuation of Fredegar's Chronicle. Jean De Contville 1267 - 1302 Richard I Fitzalan 35 35 ~1271 - 1292 Alisona Di Saluzzo 21 21 ~1256 - 1286 William Plantagenet De Warren 30 30 ~1264 - 1293 Joan De Vere 29 29 1246 - ~1302 John III Fitzalan 56 56 ~1248 - 1274 Isabel Mortimer 26 26 1536 - 1603 Henry Morgan 67 67 ~1245 - ~1296 Tomasso I De Saluzzo 51 51 ~1245 - ~1299 Leugia Di Ceva 54 54 1231 - 1304 John Plantagenet De Warenne 73 73 John Plantagent de Warren - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 79 ~1224 - 1291 Alice De Lusignan 67 67 Alice le Brun - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning, p. 79 ~1251 - ~1282 Eleanor Plantagenet De Warren 31 31 ~1230 - 1296 Robert De Vere 66 66 ~1231 - 1317 Alice De Saundford 86 86 D. 1331 Robert De Vere 1223 - 1267 John II Fitzalan 44 44 ~1225 - 1283 Maud Le Boteler De Verdon 58 58 ~1542 Mary Morgan ~1166 - 1240 William Plantagenet De Warren 74 74 Named in the Magna Carta. ~1210 - 1263 Hugh De Vere 53 53 Great high chamberlain - Americans of Royal Descent, Charles H. Browning,p.43 ~1164 - 1240 John I Fitzalan 76 76 ~1193 - ~1243 Isabella D'aubigny 50 50 ~1175 - 1220 William D'aubigny 45 45 Crusader. ~1173 - 1233 Maud De Meschines 60 60 ~1143 - 1219 David Huntingdon 76 76 D. ~1237 John Huntingdon Isabel Huntingdon Ada Huntingdon ~1544 Elizabeth Morgan D. ~1233 Margaret Huntingdon ~1364 - 1425 Ralph Neville 61 61 6th Baron Neville of Raby. Joint Warden of the Marches. Created Earl of Westmoreland in 1397. Took part against Richard II in 1399 and conveyed his resignation to convocation. Captain of Roxburgh Castle 1402.  Warden of the West Marches after Battle of Shrewsbury, wher Hotspur was slain. In the 1405 revolt, routed the Cleveland forces and took Scrope and Mowbray prisoners. Benefactor of Staindrop and a great builder. ~1341 - 1388 John Neville 47 47 ~1345 - 1378 Maude De Percy 33 33 ~1301 - 1352 Henry De Percy 51 51 ~1303 - 1365 Idonea De Clifford 62 62 1274 - 1314 Robert De Clifford 40 40 ~1279 - 1327 Maud De Clare 48 48 ~1243 - 1282 Roger De Clifford 39 39 ~1254 - 1291 Isabel Vipont 37 37 ~1543 Catherine Morgan ~1215 - ~1285 Roger De Clifford 70 70 ~1215 Hawise Botterell ~1168 - 1231 Roger De Clifford 63 63 ~1052 Maud D'avranches Ermentrude De Clermont D. ~1032 Adalbert Of Holland Adeliza De Clare ~1069 Emma De Gant 1122 - 1168 William De Percy 46 46 ~1134 - 1205 Agnes De Percy 71 71 1512 Roger Bodemham ~1069 - 1120 Alan De Percy 51 51 ~1130 - 1189 Josceline De Louvain 59 59 ~1160 - ~1194 Henry De Percy 34 34 ~1193 - ~1245 William De Percy 52 52 ~1228 - 1272 Henry De Percy 44 44 ~1272 - ~1315 Henry De Percy 43 43 ~1274 - 1328 Eleanor Fitzalan 54 54 ~1490 - 1531 William Parke 41 41 ~1275 Ralph De Monthermer ~0920 Angharad Verch Hywel ~0918 Tudor 'trevor' Ap Ynyr ~0965 Robert II ~0970 Alix De Vexin ~0939 - 0967 Robert I 28 28 ~0944 - 1027 Gauthier II Le Blanc 83 83 ~0944 Adele De Senlis ~0972 Raoul I Crespy ~1504 Robert Chaplin ~0985 - ~1030 Raoul II 45 45 ~0990 Adele De Bretuil ~0919 - ~0944 Gautier I 25 25 ~0924 Adele (Eva) De Dreux ~0919 Bormard (Bernard) De Senlis ~0989 Toustien Le Goz ~0994 Judith De Montanolier ~1015 - 1071 Robert Bigod 56 56 ~1017 Humphrey De Tillieul Or Bigod ~1508 Elizabeth ~0963 Ansfred Le Goz ~0937 Ansfred 'the Dane' ~0942 Helloe Of Beulac ~0909 Rollo Thurstan Gerlotte Of Blois ~0921 Godfrey (Ginbert) Adeliza De Grentmesnil ~1401 - >1494 Dafydd Mathew 93 93 1505 - 1585 Henry Freeman 80 80 Prospered as steward of certain manors, probably in service of William Vaux of Harrowden, and invested in his lands; at same time, for social reasons, entered his four sons in a London Guild, the Skinner's Company. ~1401 Gwenllian Verch Dafydd ~1378 - >1419 Mathew Ap Ieuan 41 41 ~1365 Jonet Fleming ~1384 Dafydd Ap Gwilym ~1385 Gwenllian Verch Philip ~1358 Ieuan Ap Gruffudd ~1344 Crisli Verch Gawdyn ~1344 Jenkin Fleming ~1348 N.n. Rayne ~1334 Philip Ap Llywelyn 1511 Joan Rudd ~1338 Nest Verch Gwilym ~1325 Gruffudd 'gethin' Ap Madog ~1329 Joan Verch Rhun ~1318 Gawdyn Ap Llywelyn ~1324 Verch Rhys ~1300 - >1377 Llywelyn Ap Cynwrig 77 77 ~1300 Jonet Verch Cynfyn ~1373 Leuen Kemeys ~1399 Gwilym Kemeys ~1769 - <1829 John Hamilton 60 60 ~1536 - 1590 Blase Freeman 54 54 1769 - 1849 Elizabeth Erskine 80 80 1802 - 1852 John Hamilton 49 49 1850 farmer, Cranberry Twp, Butler, PA.

Buried Old Union Church next to William Hamilton. 1812 - 1883 Patrick Hamilton 71 71 Buried: United Presbyterian Church Cemetery 1800 - 1875 Alexander Hamilton 74 74 Buried in the Brownsdale Prebyterian Church Cemetery. 1808 - >1880 Mary Gibson 72 72 1860 seamstress, Cranberry Twp, Butler, PA.
1870 keeping house, with Hugh, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI.
1880 keeping house, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI. 1832 Eliza Hamilton 1834 - 1870 Mary Jane Hamilton 36 36 1836 John Hamilton 1860 farmer, with mother.
1870 carpenter, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI.
1880 farmer, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI. 1835 Sara Hamilton 1870 seamstress, with mother.
1900 mother of 1, 1 still living.

Died; left 1 boy in Michigan; had big farm. 1838 Nancy Hamilton 1880 with mother.
1900 wd, mother of 5, 2 still living, with James.
1910 wd,  with Mary. ~1541 John Freeman 1840 Rosanna Hamilton Died in St. Paul; had 2 boys. 1842 Hugh A. Hamilton 1870 farmer, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI.
1880  South Branch And Center Plains, Crawford, MI.
1900 carpenter, Gaylord, Bagley, Otsego, MI.
1910 in Gaylord, MI. 1848 Malinda Hamilton Husband was in tobacco business; had 2 girls, 1 boy who lived in McDonald; girls in Allegheny.

1900 mother of 7, 3 still living. 1846 Frances "Fanny" Hamilton 1860 with Robert and Mary Boggs.
1870 dress maker, with mother.
1880 single, with mother.

Married well to do German with grown children; lived across street from Sarah in Michigan; had no children of her own. 1829 - 1916 Eleanor McCully 87 87 1900 in Forward Twp., Butler, PA. 1849 - 1869 Ellen J. Hamilton 20 20 Cause of death: tuberculosis 1863 - 1898 Mary Emma Hamilton 35 35 Cause of death: tuberculosis 1850 - 1872 John A. Hamilton 22 22 Cause of death: tuberculosis 1854 - 1929 Elizabeth Ann Hamilton 75 75 1858 - 1882 Melinda Hamilton 24 24 Cause of death: consumption ~1544 Oswolde Freeman 1859 - 1920 Robert E. Hamilton 61 61 1900 farming in Forward Twp., Butler, PA.
1920 farmer, general farm, Forward Twp, Butler, PA. 1855 - 1933 Margaret Hamilton 78 78 1860 Jane Cashdollar 1871 - 1945 William Alexander Ralston 74 74 1910 farmer, Slippery Rock Twp, Butler, PA.
1920 farmer, general farm, Slippery Rock Twp, Butler, PA.
1930 mail carrier, US mail, Slippery Rock Twp, Butler, PA.

Lawyer and farmer. 1905 - 2001 Raymond Hamilton Ralston 96 96 1930 none, with parents.

Name: Raymond H. Ralston
SSN: 263-03-5449
Last Residence: 16057  Slippery Rock, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 14 Aug 1905
Died: 23 Oct 2001
State (Year) SSN issued: Florida (Before 1951 ) 1910 Ruby Mae Fennell ~1546 Elizabeth Freeman ~0946 - 0992 Conan I 'le Tort' 46 46 Count of Rennes and Duke of Brittany; Killed at battle of Conqueruex. 0950 Ermengard Grisgonele D'anjou Daughter of Godfrey Grisgonelle, Count d'Anjou. Previously married. ~0931 - 0952 Juhel (Berenger) 21 21 Leader against the Northmen. Gerberge D. ~0903 Parkuritan II Daughter Of Erispok Granddaughter of Berenger I (Count of Rennes 887 - 890) and heiress of Rennes. ~1549 Mary Freeman D. 0907 Alan I 'the Great' Son of Ridoreh Count of Nantes. Duke and King of Brittany abt 888. Orequem D. 1368 Henry De Percy D. 1372 Margaret Neville 1316 - 1336 John Plantagenet 20 20 1318 - 1355 Eleanor Plantagenet 36 36 1321 - 1362 Joan Plantagenet 41 41 1324 - 1371 David II 46 46 David II (1324-71), king of Scotland (1329-71), son of King Robert Bruce. He
succeeded his father at only five years of age, but soon after his coronation
(1331) he was deposed by Edward de Baliol, an English-backed claimant to the
throne. For the next eight years David lived in exile in France. In 1341 he
returned to Scotland, and five years later went to war with England as an ally
of France. The English defeated both the French (at Crécy) and the Scots (at
Neville's Cross, October 1346), taking David prisoner and capturing large
parts of Scotland and France. David remained a prisoner in England for 11
years. In 1357 he was freed in return for the promise of a ransom, and
thereafter enjoyed friendly relations with the English. David was succeeded by
his nephew Robert II, founder of the Stuart dynasty. ~1551 Edward Freeman 1274 - 1329 Robert I 'the Bruce' 54 54 His place of birth uncertain; it is also reportedly Turnberry, Ayshire or in
Essex. In 1296, as Earl of Carrick, he swore fealty to Edward I at Berwick.
In 1297 he renewed that oath at Carlisle.  Shortly afterwards, with his
Carrick vassals he joined the Scottish independence fighters under Sir
William Wallace.  in 1298, after Wallace's defeat at Falkirk his lands were
wasted by the English. One of the four Regents of Scotland in 1299; he
rejoined the battle against Edward in 1306.  Originally supported by John
Comyn, the nephew of John Baliol, they eventually quarrelled and Comyn was
killed during the final rising of 1306 by Kirkpatrick. Bruce assembled his
forces and two months later was crowned at Scone, but was forced to retreat
to Ireland.  In 1307, the Bruce landed a force at Turnberry and defeated the
English under the Earl of Pembroke at Loudon Hill. After the death of Edward
I in 1307, the English were cleared out of Scotland and all of the great
castles recovered except Stirling, which the Governor promised to surrender
if not relieved before 24 June.  This led to the battle of Bannockburn when
the Engliish armies of some 100,000 men under King Edward II were totally
routed by Robert the Bruce with 30,000.  In 1317, Bruce passed over to
Ireland to help his brother Edward and defeated the Anglo-Irish at the
battle of Slane.  Hostilities continued until a truce in 1323 and then
resumed in 1327 with a great Scottish inroad into the northern counties.
The war at last closed with the Treaty of Northampton (1328) which
recognised the independence of Scotland and Bruce's right to the throne.
Bruce died of leprosy at Cardross Castle.  His heart was to be carried to
Palestine [this was the period of the Crusades] but Douglas who was carrying
it was killed fighting the Moors in Spain.  Bruce's heart was returned to
Scotland and buried at Melrose Abbey. D. 1327 Elizabeth De Burgh Daughter of Richard de BURGH, Earl of Ulster. {Burke's Peerage} 1210 - 1295 Robert Bruce 85 85 In 1251, on the death of his Mother, he did homage to Henry III for her lands in England. He was made Sheriff of Cumberland and Constable of Carlisle. His claim to the crown based on a verbal nomination (tanistry) by Alexander III. In 1290, on the death of the Maid of Norway, he and John BALIOL claimed the succession. The arbitrator, King Edward I of England, decided in favour of John BALIOL. To avoid swearing fealty to his rival, Robert resigned Annandale to his eldest son. D. 1292 Margaret Carrick Daughter of Neil, 2nd Earl of Carrick. D. 1245 Robert De Brus Great-great-great grandson of Robert de BRUIS a Norman knight who accompanied William the Conqueror to England in 1066. N.n. De Brus Ordmaer ~1552 George Freeman Donada Macmalcolm D. 1020 Finlaed Mormaer Of Moray D. 1057 Macbeth Macfinlaec His kingdom was confined to the country South and West of the Tay; the rest remaining under control of his Northman ally Thorfinn. He was slain by Mailcolm, son of Duncan I. Isabella Of Mar D. 1316 Margery De Bruce 1293 - 1326 Walter Stewart 33 33 Joan Beaufort ~1337 - 1406 Robert III 69 69 Earl of Carrick ~1367 - ~1401 Annabella Drummond 34 34 1394 - 1437 James I 42 42 James I (of Scotland) (1394-1437), king of Scotland (1406-1437), only
surviving son of King Robert III, born in Dunfermline. In 1406, shortly before
the death of his father, James was sent to France for safety from rebellious
Scottish nobles. The ship was seized by the English, and James was kept a
prisoner until 1423. Having inherited the Scottish throne in 1406, James was
crowned king when he returned to Scotland in 1424. He married Joan Beaufort,
niece of the English king Richard II, and granddaughter of John of Gaunt. By
1429 James had forced the Scottish nobles to submit to royal authority. He
tried to improve the administration of justice and for the first time
published parliamentary acts in the language of the common people. He angered
the papacy by preventing church revenues from being sent to Rome. He formed a
closer alliance with France and gave his eldest daughter, Margaret, in
marriage to the Dauphin, later King Louis XI. James, however, had antagonized
the Scottish nobles by confiscating their estates, and he was assassinated in
1437 by a group of nobles. He was succeeded by his son James II. ~1516 - 1552 Peter Edwards 36 36 1430 - 1460 James II 29 29 James II (of Scotland) (1430-60), king of Scotland (1437-60), son of King
James I, born in Edinburgh. He was crowned shortly after the murder of his
father in 1437. A regency led by the Douglas family ruled until 1449, when
James began to govern by himself. His efforts to promote social welfare were
greatly obstructed by the nobles, especially by William, 8th earl of Douglas,
who was involved in treason and who was stabbed to death by the king. James
crushed a revolt of the Douglas family in 1452 and seized their estates. He
then became entangled in the Wars of the Roses, a contest between the houses
of York and Lancaster for the English throne. In 1460, at the head of an army,
he was killed during the siege of Roxburgh Castle in Scotland. He was
succeeded as king by his son James III. Marie Of Guelders 1451 - 1488 James III 36 36 James III (1451-88), king of Scotland (1460-88), son of King James II, born
in Stirling. He was crowned king in 1460 after the death of his father. A
regency ruled until 1469, when he began his personal rule. Through his
marriage to Margaret of Denmark (1457?-86) in the same year, James gained
control of the Orkney and Shetland islands. James was unpopular with the
Scottish nobles, who were led by his brother Alexander Stewart, duke of
Albany (1454?-85). The nobles seized the king and kept him prisoner in the
castle at Edinburgh. Under the duke of Albany, English forces took Berwick
and advanced to Edinburgh. In 1487, James made peace with the English,
thereby further alienating his turbulent nobles, who rose in rebellion and
induced James's son, later James IV, to become their nominal head. In the
ensuing battle at Sauchieburn between the nobles and the Royalists, James
was defeated, and he was murdered after the battle by one of the rebels. He
was succeeded by James IV. ~1457 - 1486 Margaret Of Denmark 29 29 1452 - 1479 Mary Stewart 27 27 D. 1479 James Hamilton James Hamilton of Cadzow, Knight, was created Lord Hamilton 28 June 1445 and
surrendered all his lands and baronies for erection into a new barony of
Hamilton, the name used thereafter for the town of Cadzow. His loyalties lay
initially with his Douglas kinsmen, with whose chief he visited Rome in 1450
and Canterbury in 1451, and with whom he joined in the league with the Earls
of Crawford and Ross against James II, but he subsequently moved over to the
King's side to help suppress their revolt. He was rewarded with the office of
sheriff of Lanarkshire 1 July 1455, and on 23 October was granted a new
charter of his lands and baronies. He m 1st (by dispensation of 2 Feb 1440/1)
Euphemia, who d 1468, eldest dtr of Sir Patrick Graham and Eupheme, Countess
of Strathern, and widow of Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas, and had issue: ~1475 - 1529 James Hamilton 54 54 James Hamilton, 2nd Lord Hamilton, b ca 1475, Privy Councillor, created Earl
of Arran 11 Aug 1503, Admiral of the Scottish Fleet 1513, Lord of Regency
under the Duke of Albany 1517, commanded the Royal army against the Earl of
Lennox September 1526. He is supposed to have m 1st 1490 (he was 15 and the
bride 13) Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Hay of Hoprew, Master of Yester, dtr of
Alexander Home, 2nd Lord Home, and is believed to have divorced her
subsequently in 1504 on the grounds that the Master, although believed to be
dead, was actually alive at the critical time. (In fact, the Master had m in
1483 Elizabeth Borthwick, who was alive at the time of his death, so the
grounds for the Hamilton divorce appear suspicious, even though it was
confirmed four years later.) He m (perhaps as his 2nd wife) Nov 1516 Janet,
widow of Sir Robert Livingston of Easter Wemyss, dtr of Sir David Beaton of
Creich. Among several natural children of the 1st Earl of Arran, three were
legitimated 17 Jan 1512/3 by James IV, their first cousin of the half blood: Janet Beaton Of Creich D. 1574 James Hamilton James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, chosen as Regent of Scotland following the
death of James V, and declared on 13 Mar 1542/3 Heir Presumptive of the Crown.
During the subsequent religious troubles he attempted to compromise but
finally favoured the Reformers. For his services in promoting the marriage of
Queen Mary to the Dauphin of France he was created Duc de Chƒtelherault. In
1554 he resigned the Regency to Marie de Guise-Lorraine, the Queen-Mother, and
in 1565, after opposing the marriage of the widowed Queen Mary to Henry Stuart
(known to the English as Lord Darnley, but to the Scots in sequence as Master
of Lennox, Duke of Albany and King Henry), he went abroad for four years,
returning to oppose the Regency of the Earl of Moray (assassinated by James
Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh 1569/70) and then of the Earl of Lennox (killed by
the Hamiltons 1571), but submitting finally on 15 Feb 1572/3 to the 4th Earl
of Morton, ("the grimmest of that grim race from which he sprung"), the
husband of his wife's sister Elizabeth, who lost the Regency in 1578 and was
executed 1581). Much of his life was strongly influenced by his nearness in
blood to the Queen, the strength that gave to the candidature of his sons for
the r“le of Consort and the power of King, and the temptation that might arise
when only an infant was between his family "and home" (as it was once said
aloud). He m Sep 1532 Margaret, eldest dtr of James Douglas, 3rd Earl of
Morton, by Catherine, natural dtr of James IV, and d 22 Jan 1574/5 having had
issue: Margaret Douglas ~1511 Susanna Samwell ~1542 - ~1604 John Hamilton 62 62 Commendator of Arbroath; created Marquess of Hamilton 17 April 1599; ancestor of the Dukes of Hamilton. Margaret Lyon ~1589 - ~1625 James Hamilton 36 36 Anne Cunningham 1606 - 1648 James Hamilton 41 41 Died: Beheaded D. 1638 Margaret Feilding 1606 - 1648 William Hamilton 41 41 Died: Beheaded Elizabeth Maxwell ~1543 - ~1621 Claud Hamilton 78 78 Commendator of Paisley; created Lord Paisley 29 July 1587; ancestor of the Dukes of Abercorn. D. 1616 Margaret Seton ~1542 Nicholas Edwards D. 1617 James Hamilton D. 1662 Marian Boyd D. ~1670 James Hamilton D. 1648 Claud Hamilton Jane Gordon D. 1668 George Hamilton Elizabeth Fagan D. ~1691 Claud Hamilton D. 1701 Charles Hamilton D. ~1679 George Hamilton ~1546 Amy Edwards D. 1680 Mary Butler D. 1673 James Hamilton Elizabeth Colepepper D. 1734 James Hamilton D. 1754 Elizabeth Reading 1685 - 1744 James Hamilton 58 58 D. 1776 Anne Plumer 1712 - 1789 James Hamilton 76 76 Died unmarried. D. 1755 John Hamilton Died: Drowned D. 1769 Harriet Eliot ~1518 - 1575 Richard Coles 57 57 1756 - 1818 John James Hamilton 61 61 D. 1791 Catherine Copley 1786 - 1814 James Hamilton 27 27 D. 1833 Harriet Douglas 1811 - 1885 James Hamilton 74 74 D. 1905 Louisa Jane Russell 1838 - 1913 James Hamilton 74 74 D. 1929 Mary Anna Curzon 1869 - 1953 James Albert Edward Hamilton 83 83 D. 1958 Rosalind Cecilia Bingham ~1522 Jane Bond 1904 James Edward Hamilton 1843 - 1925 Claud John Hamilton 81 81 1845 - 1927 George Francis Hamilton 81 81 D. ~1676 George Hamilton Knight. Frances Jennings John Hamilton Sir Knight ~1537 - 1609 James Hamilton 72 72 ..A1 James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran, b 1537-8, Commander of the Scots
Guards in France, 1550-7, proposed by the Lords of the Congregation as husband
for Queen Elizabeth of England 1560, and proposed himself as husband for Mary,
Queen of Scots, 1561. Soon thereafter, in 1562, he was judged insane, although
he was probably only scatterbrained, and in this state he resigned the Earldom
of Arran to James Stewart of Bothwellhaugh, 1581, but this was reduced by the
Court of Session in 1586 "as the act of a person incompetent in consequence of
insanity," whereby he was restored to his honours. He dsp Mar 1609, his titles
passing to the heirs of his brother John. Ine Indorb 'the White' Finn 1430 - >1495 William Perkins 65 65 ~0214 Gymer ~0218 Orboda Of Berg ~0239 Gerd Gymersson ~0214 Njord ~0235 Yngvi- Frey ~0256 Fjoinir Yngvi- Freysson ~0277 Svegdi Fjoinarsson Vana ~0298 Vanlandi Svegdasson Snaer 1434 Joanna Read ~0302 Driva Snaersson ~0319 Visbur Vanlandasson ~0340 Domaldi Visbursson ~0361 Domar Domaldisson Drott Danpsson ~0382 Dyggvi Domarsson ~0403 Dag Dyggvisson ~0424 Angi Dagsson ~0424 Skjalf Frostasson ~0445 Alerk Angisson 1456 John Perkins Dagreid Dagsson ~0466 Ygnvi Alerksson ~0487 Jorund Ygnvisson ~0509 Aun Jorundsson ~0539 Egil Aunsson ~0551 Ottar Egilsson ~0572 Adils Ottarsson Yrsa Helgasson ~0594 Eystein Adilsson ~0616 Ingvar Eysteinsson 1460 - 1536 William Perkins 76 76 1820 - 1879 Frederick Staples 58 58 1850 farmer, Cranberry Twp, Butler, PA.
1870 farmer, River Falls, WI.

Buried in Big River Presbyterian Cemetery (aka Davison Cemetery) Pierce County, Wisconsin. 1822 Catherine Staples 1827 - 1870 Susannah Staples 43 43 1826 - 1902 Seth Staples 76 76 1860 farmer, Forward Twp, Butler, PA.
1880 farmer, Adams Twp, Butler, PA.
1900 farmer, North Adams Twp, Butler, PA. ~0562 - 0588 Bodogisel II 26 26 ~0500 Munderic Very young in 509, when his father was murdered; revolted against Thierry I, who killed him. ~0535 Bodogisel I Palatina Gallus Magnus A Gallo-Roman nobleman. ~0500 Arthemia Sister of Gondulf, Bishop of Metz. ~1470 Richard Perkins ABT 0480/85 - >0513 Florentin ABT 0480/90 Artemie Gallo-Roman noblewomen. ~0455 Rustique Daughter Of Rurice Brunulphe Crotechilde D'ostrogothie Tonnance III ~0430 Aquilin Rurice I Hiberie ~1482 - 1538 Thomas Morgan 56 56 Son Of Decime Son Of Adelphius Ommace Decime Rustique Artemie Adelphius Pontius Anicia Faltonia Proba Quintus Clodius Turrenia Anicia Iuliana 1476 Elizabeth Vaughan Anicius Auchenius Bassus Turrenia Honorata Amnius Paulinus Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus Amnius Anicius Iulianus Sextus Anicius Faustus Quintus Anicius Paulinus Daughter Of Caius Quintus Anicius Fautus Paulinus Legate of Mesie Inferieure (229-230). D. ~0250 Caius Asinus Nichomachus Iulianus ~0324 - 0396 Priarios 72 72 ~1510 Rheinallt Morgan ~0358 - 0400 Sunno 42 42 ~0390 - 0445 Merovee 55 55 Hatilde Asturius ~0367 - ~0407 Merowna 40 40 Merwig I Elizabeth 1770 Francis Hays Moved to Butler County, PA in 1820.  Were the parents of six sons and six daughters. Rebecca or Beckley Drennan 1750 - 1808 Abraham Hays 58 58 Boucher, John Newton,  A century and a half of Pittsburg and her people
New York: Lewis Pub. Co., 1908, 2211 pgs.

HAYS FAMILY. Among the pioneer Scotch-Irish families who settled in the vicinity of Greater Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, none are more worthy of mention in history than the family whose name heads this sketch. According to Dr. Eglee, the author of genealogical works of the state of Pennsylvania, this name has been spelled in a variety of ways-the American branch of the family spelling it Hays, while at an earlier period it was spelled Hayes, Hay and De La Haye. William Hays, a native of Scotland, left that country dur­ing a period of religious .persecution and settled in county Tyrone, Ireland. He was present at the siege of Derry and suffered with others of his faith until relief came, being absent from his family twenty months.
(I) Abraham Hays, the first of the family to settle in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, removed to that county from Maryland in 1767, locating one mile above what is now Homestead, opposite Braddock's Field, and remained there nine months. On account of the Indian troubles they returned to Maryland, and three years later again came to Allegheny county, where they took up land still in the possession of their descendants. In his religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and he was of an upright and manly character. He and his wife died on the old homestead where they first located about one mile from the present borough of Homestead. He married Fannie Pittee, a French lady, sister of the wife of James Whittaker, and the two families had as neighbors: Robert Byerley, who also came from Maryland; Andrew McClure, Samuel Hamilton, Samuel Ferguson, James McKinley, Edward and Joseph West, John Neal, Judge McClure, John Risher, Davy Calhoun, John Irvine, Robert Patterson, William Furl, William Brown and David McKee, all being men of about the same age. Abraham and Fannie (Pittee) Hays had children: i. Francis, born in 1770, married Beckley Drennen, and in 1820 moved to Butler county, Pennsylvania, and were the parents of six sons and six daughters. ~1512 John Morgan 1750/1756 - 1818 Frances "Fannie" Pittee LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF FRANCES PUTTEE HAYS IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN.

The fourth Day of September one thousand Eight Hundred & Nine- I, FRANCES HAYS of The township of Mifflin and County of Allegheny & Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Being frail and weak in Body but of Perfect mind memory thanks be to God therefor Calling to mind the mortality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all of the human Race once to die Do make and Ordain this my Will and Testament That is to say first of all I Give & Recommend my soul to God that gave it & my body to the Earth to be Buried in a Decent Christian Manner at the Discretion of my Executors Nothing Doubting but at the General Resurrection I shall Receive the same again by the Mighty Power of God and as touching such Worldly Estate Wherewith it hath been pleased God to Bless me in this life I Give Demise and Dispose of the same in the following Manner and form

Imprimis I Give and Bequeath unto my son Frank A Clear and full discharge of Note I have against him for four Dollars, Also a Clear Discharge of all book accounts Whatever that I have against him provided he does not produce any account against my Estate but if he should produce an account I do allow my Executors to settle with him all that I have against him and I should fall in his Debt to pay it out of my estate but if he should fall in my Debt I Give him a clear Discharge and one Dollar as a legacy to be paid out of my estate-
Item I Give and Bequeath unto my son Isaac Hays the sum of fifty Dollars to be paid out of my Estate
Item I Give & Bequeath unto my son Abraham Hays the sum of forty Dollar to be paid to him by my Daughter Sarah Harden out of the Legacy I shall leave her-
Item I Give and Bequeath unto my son John Hays one feather bed that one that is Generally in the Kitchen with its furniture-
Item I Give & Bequeath unto my son Jacob Hays one Dollar to be paid out of my Estate by my Executors-
Item I Give & Bequeath unto My Daughter Sarah Hardin all my Household Furniture of every Description
Together with all my Beasts Consisting of one Mare & Colt and one horse & A Cow and Calf with all the sheep & hogs and every thing or things that I might or could claim on the premises where I now Live she paying all my Just Debts and A Legacy to my son Abraham Hays of forty Dollars and farther if there should be any money Left after all my Just Debts are paid and all the Legacies paid of I Will and Bequeath unto my Daughter Sarah Hardin-
Item I Give and Bequeath unto my Daughter Marthew Heirs one Dollar Each-
Item I Give & Bequeath unto my son Thomas Hays one Dollar to be paid to him out of my Estate by my Executors- & furthermore I Do Constitute Make and Ordain my trusty friend Abraham Hays & James Hardin Executors of this my Last Will & Testament and I Do Utterly Revoke and disannul all and Every other Testaments Wills Legacies and Bequests and Executors by Me in any Way Named Willed and Bequeathed Ratifying and Confirming this & None Other to be my Last Will and Testament.

In Witness Whereof I have Hereunto set my hand and seal the Day and year above Mentioned.
her
FRANCES X HAYS. (SEAL)
mark
Signed & Sealed as the last Will & Testament of Frances Hays in presence of us.
ABRAHAM WHITAKER
AARON WHITAKER

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA ALLEGHENY COUNTY, S.S.
I, Geo. H. Stengel, Register of Wills, etc., in and for said County, do hereby certify the foregoing to be a full and perfect copy of the Original last Will and Testament of Frances Hays, Deceased, as the same remains on file, and is of record in my office at Pittsburgh, in Will Book, Volume 2, page 131. Will probated March 11, 1818.

Witness my hand and seal of said office, this 16th day of March, A. D. 1904.
Geo. H. Stengel
Register
[1809] 1647 - 1692 Joseph Staples 45 45 JOSEPH, Taunton, prob. s. of John the first of Weymouth, had John, b. 28 Jan. 1671; Amy or Ann, 13 Apr. 1674; Mary.. 26 Jan. 1678; Joseph, 12 Mar. 1680; Hannah, 17 May 1682; and Nathaniel, 22 Mar. 1685. SAMUEL, Braintree, m. 30 Aug. 1652, Mary Coles, had Mary, b. 24 Sept. 1655; Rachel, 31 Oct. 1657; and Sarah, 10 July 1660. THOMAS, Fairfield 1645, is on freem.'s list 1669. He had by w. Mary, Thomas; Mary, wh. m. Josiah Harvey; ano. d. m. John Beach; Mehitable; and John; but the order of success. is not kn. He d. bef. 1688; was a man of import. and spirit eno. to prosecute Dept. Gov. Ludlow, not long bef. his rem. to Virg. for defam. in report. that the ws. of S. was a wtich. The trial for satisfact. of both parties was in the neighb. Col. of New Haven, where the Court wisely held, "that there was no proof that goodw. S. was a witch," mulct. L. to pay L10 to the h. for repar. of his w's name, and L5 for his trouble and cost. Happily in a later day the New Haven Col. pass. unharm. by the doleful delus. spread in Mass. by rampant vanity and insane apprehension. Four of this name had, in 1834, been gr. at Yale, and three at some other N. E. Coll. says Farmer.

A Genealogical Dictionary of The First Settlers of New England, Before 1692 Volume #4
Stanhope - Starbuck
By James Savage 1643 - ~1723 Mary Macomber 80 80 Made maintenance Deed 7 MAR 1721/2 in favor of Eldest son John; Deed recorded 2 APR 1722. ~1610 - 1683 John Staples 73 73 May have come over with the "Dorchester Emigration", settling for a time in Dorchester, MA; removed to Weymouth, MA, first appearing on records there in 1636; made freeman 10 MAY 1648; surveyor; Fence Viewer 1660, 1661, 1662; took Oath of Allegience 1678/9, Weynouth, MA; successful farmer; will dated 18 MAR 1683, probated 2 AUG 1683. Rebecca Died before husband. D. 1694 John Macomber Cooper successful mill owner, large land owner; in 1643 listed as able to bear arms at East Taunton, MA; made settlement of Estate 31 MAR 1694; will filed Taunton 2 APR 1723, recorded 30 OCT 1723.

John Macomber was admitted as a freeman and enrolled in the militia of Taunton in 1643. He was granted permission to build a mill in Taunton in 1659. There were then four persons in his family, and there is no record of more. The name of his first wife has not been learned. He was in a military company in 1680. He was living in 1687, as shown by a deed. Another deed shows that he died before 1690. He was a carpenter by trade. His property was equally divided between a daughter, Mary Staples, and a son, John Macomber.
Source: 'Macomber Genealogy', 1908, Everett S. Stackpole, p 10. ~1645 - 1687 Samuel Bishop 42 42 A.B. Harvard College 1665; in Indian Wars. ~1656 - 1704 Hester Cogswell 48 48 ~1653 - 1710 Caleb Fobes 57 57 Probably born Duxbury; to Preston, CT before age 27; owned land in Norwich, CT 1672; Volunteer in Narraganset Campaign of King Phillips War; An original proprieter of Voluntown, CT; First Deacon in Church of Preston; Constable 1684-5; Selectman; Town Treasurer; Committeeman on Land and Highways; deed from the Sachem Owaneco, 10 Dec. 1683, conveys to him 110 acres of land south of Connoughtug Brook; left an estate of œ625, wife and 5 children. 1651 - ~1702 Sarah Gager 51 51 ~1514 - 1595 Edmund Morgan 81 81 ~1618 - 1670 Thomas Bishop 52 52 In Ipswich by 1636; representative Ipswich 1666; at death estate valued at œ5000.1.1 D. 1681 Margaret D. 1700 William Cogswell 1633 - 1696 Susanna Hawkes 63 63 ~1600 - 1660 John Fobes 60 60 Grew up in Holland; one of 15 young men who landed in Plymouth in 1636, in- dentured to Isaac Allerton, richest man in Plymouth Colony to pay for pass- age; granted land ts Powder Point; tailor by trade; an original proprietor of Bridgewater, MA; made a Freeman with voting rights in 1645; a man of standing and local influence; Constable in 1651 and juror in 1659. Constant Mitchell <1625 - 1703 John Gager 78 78 Probably came with father to Boston 1630; received money from Gov. Winthrop originally due his father; resided Norwich, CT; made Freeman 1675; Constable of Norwich 1681; will dated 21 Dec. 1695, mentions Caleb Fobes as son-in-law, and gives him 20 shillings besides what his wife has slready received. ~1627 - 1703 Elizabeth Gore 76 76 D. >1603 John Standish In 1597 appointed coroner of the Sheading of Ayre in which Lezayre is situated in 1587 appointed Clerk of the Parish of Kirk Andreas by Henry then Earl of Derby and Lord of Man; in 1592 appointed Clerk of the Parish of Lezayre; in 1593 was member of House of Keys (Lower House of the Manx Parliment), mention- ed as a member in 1595. Mallie (Mary) Moore ~1516 Margred Morgan Huan Standish Of Ormskirk and of Ellanbane, Isle of Man; with his brother John went to Isle of Man about 1540 as Tenants of the Stanleys, except for a short period before the monastaries were broken up; at least 21 in 1540, for in 1540 'Huyn Standish' was recorded as a tenant of Lezayre Abbey and paid an annual rent of 24 shillings for the property known as the Ellabane estate; evidentley
cheated out of the lands of Ormskirk, Burscough, Wrightington, Newburg, Mawdesley and Croston by hid brother Thomas. D. <1529 Robert Standish Of Ormskirk; described in 1567 by a Royal Herald as 'a son of Gilbert Standishe, a younger sonne descended owte of the house of Standishe'; in 1502 inherited lands in Newburgh and Ormskirk from his father. Margaret Croft Brought certain lands in Mawdesley, Wrightinton and Croston as her dowry; as a widow in 1529 paid rents for a whole year for 'Ormskirk, Borscoghe, Croston, Mawdisley, Wryghtington, Newburghe' Gilbert Standish Appears in a deed dated at Ormskirk on 17 JUN 1502, whereby he was granted a life interest in lands at Ormskirk and Newburgh by Peter Gerard and Richard Hulme. D. <1492 Robert Croft Alice Standish Hugh Standish One of the earliest known members of the Ormskirk branch; in 1481 received rights and claims to lands in Newburgh and Ormskirk; granted without any consideration by Evan or Ewan Standish of Weryngton, heir of the late William Standish, these lands already being in the possession, having descended by inheritance or gift to Hugh Standish from his aunt, Alice Standish Burscough; involved in a fray at Wigan Church along with his nephew, Alexander Standish against the Gerards and Langtons. Isabel Avenal D. ~1492 John Croft Made will 6 AUG 1492 leaving all his lands to the children of his son John in succession. Christopher Standish ~1518 Barbara Morgan Margaret Unton D. >1437 Thomas Croft In 1437 gave his lands in the town and townfields of Ormskirk to his son John. ~1325 - >1410 John Standish 85 85 In 1410 held lands in Mawdisley, Wrightington and Croston. Alice De Bretherton Brought the lands in Wrightington and part of those in Croston as her dowry. Robert Unton ~1360 - 1434 Laurence De Standish 74 74 Lord of the Manor 1418-1434; marriage settlement dated at Shevyngton 30 SEP 1398; in which he received from his father part of the manor of Shevynton and 12 acres of land; disputed title of advowson of Wigan Church 1414 - dispute settled by King Henry IV against the Standishes, although they did get damages ~1375 Lora De Pilkington Robert Standish Knighted after being appointed High Sheriff of Lancaster; held lands in Mawdesly and Croston. Isolda Widow of William de Lea, knight. Henry De Bretherton 1520 Maud Morgan Margery ~1333 - 1418 Ralph De Standish 85 85 Lord of the Manor 1396-1408. ~1337 Cecilia Bradshaigh Brought a valuable dowry with provision for cattle, household utensils, and even ploughing of land. ~1349 Roger Pilkington Thomas Gerard Of Byrn. Isabel ~1286 - ~1353 John De Standish 67 67 Lord of the Standish Manor 1326-1353; renowned as a soldier and honored in court circles; in 1345 was at Battle of Nevill's Cross under Queen Phlippa when King David II of Scotland was captured; was an equerry of King Edward III and Queen Philippa. ~1292 Margaret ~1316 - ~1396 Henry De Standish 80 80 Lord of Standish Manor 1353-1396; a second son who inherited the manor in 1353 pre-occupied with preserving family's manorial possessions in aftermath of the Black Death and the Peasant's Revolt. ~1316 Joan De Worsley ~1522 Jane Morgan ~1311 Roger De Bradshaigh ~1292 - 1379 William Le Boteler 87 87 Of Bewsey. Elizabeth De Argentine ~1256 - 1322 William De Standish 66 66 Lord of Standish Manor 1296-1326; rendered due homage and service to the
Baron of Penwotham and he was also bound to do service at Penwortham Court,
a kind of magistrate's duty, which was required of him every three weeks;
was a judge at the trial of Robert de Clitheroe, Rector of Wigan Church, who
had been arraigned for treason against King Edward II; was also 'in
summons', that is to say duty bound to attend the Great Council of
Westminster and was held in high esteem there; in 1304 unsuccessfully
claimed the advowson of Wigan Church and prepared a pedigree of his family
stating that the advowson had been held by his ancestor, Radulphus de
Standish, whgo had provided rectors in the reign of Richard I (Lion Heart)
1189-1190; in 1310 received a plot a land in Wygan from William de Wyan. Allianora (Margaret De Euxton) D. >1330 William Le Boteler ~1234 - 1290 Jordan De Standish 56 56 Lord of Standish Manor 1288-1290; succeeded as lord of Standish manor in 1288 after the death of his two elder brothers; in 1289 granted lands to the three children of his sister Alicia who had married Sir Robert de Haydock, rector of the Church of Standish. D. ~1328 William Le Boteler Succeede his grandfather in 1280; 14 JUN 1294 summoned to attend the King in the French wars in Gascony; summoned to Parliament 23 JUN 1295, 26 AUG 1295 and 6 FEB 1298/9; in 1305-06 he was in the expedition to Scotland. Sybil Living in 1330. ~1524 Constance Morgan ~1208 - ~1288 Radulphus De Standish 80 80 ~1241 - 1298 Robert De Plumpton 57 57 ~1243 Isabella De Westwick D. 1297 Henry Le Boteler Did not inherit, died before his father. Ralph Fitzhugh ~1182 - ~1246 Alexander De Standish 64 64 Rector, Lord of Standish manor 1220-1240; succeeded as lord of the manor when an elder brother (Ricardus) became Rural Dean of Standish, and two other brothers senior to Alexander also entered the Church. ~1592 - 1669 John Cogswell 77 77 Immigrant on Angel Gabriel 1635, in passage wrecked at Pemaquid, Maine; settled Ipswich, MA 1635; admitted freeman 1636. 1594 - 1676 Elizabeth Thompson 82 82 D. 1671 Adam Hawkes Immigrant in Winthrop Fleet 1630; soon thereafter in Charlestown, MA; in Lynn, MA 1638. ~1595 - 1669 Ann Hutchison 74 74 ~1526 Mary Morgan 1566 Thomas Mitchell Aged 56 on 15 Aug 1622 ~1568 Margaret Williams D. 1630 William Gager Immigrant in Winthrop Fleet 1630 with Gov. Winthrop, reckoned as one of Gov's household; given salary from public treasury; deacon of first Church at Charlestown, now Boston. D. 1643 Samuel Gore "Citizen and grocer of London" Elizabeth Hill 1554 - ~1615 Edward Cogswell 61 61 Will dated June 23, 1615; proved Jan 12, 1616. 1570 - 1616 Alice 46 46 Will dated June 25, 1615; proved May 11, 1616. 1575 - 1623 William Thompson 48 48 Vicar of Westbury, Wiltshire, ENG for 20 years, 1603-1623. ~1578 Phillis John Hawkes ~1528 Elizabeth Morgan 1510 Robert Cogswell 1518 Alice Thomas Rudd Katherine Parris D. 1492 Robert Pemberton Alice Lago D. 1511 Thomas Gifford D. 1535 Joan Langston Richard Coles Gentleman; held lands in Preston Capes, Everdon, Litchborough Maidford, Adston , Woodford, Church Brampton & elswhere; through his daughter Anne he was ancestor in the ninth generation of George Washington. Henry Somerset ~1474 John Thomas Elizabeth Browne Thomas Rudd William Pemberton Stephen Lago ~1431 - 1506 John Gifford 75 75 Commisioner of peace 1479 and 1483; high sheriff of Bucks County 1497; on 24 NOV 1487 granted his lands in Fringford, Oxfordshire to son Thomas & daughter-in-law Joan and their heirs; on 25 SEP 1506 also gave lands of Twyford to Thomas. Agnes Winslowe D. 1506 John Langston had 22 children, of whom 17 died unmarried. Amy (Amice) Danvers D. >1474 William Coles Alice ~1460 - >1490 William Parke 30 30 D. ~1280 William Le Boteler Of Warrington, who held the Lordship of Warrington in 1212; sheriff of county Lancashire 1258-1259; governor of Lancaster Castle. ~1183 - 1235 Piers Fitzherbert 52 52 Adult by 1204; living 19 May 1235; through his mother heir to one third interest in the barony of Miles of Gloucester, Earl of Hereford; died shortly before 6 JUN 1235; marriage settlement made on 28 NOV 1203. D. 1225 Alice Fitzrobert Hugh Fitzralph Agnes De Greasley ~1160 - ~1220 Radulphus (Ralph) De Standish 60 60 Adopted the name de Standish from his manor which he soley possessed about 1206, when he and his brother Siward parted the townships between them and divided the church advowson; Radulphus took the manor of Standish and adopted the name de Standish, and Siward adopted the name of his manor, Langstre; begand the ancestral line of the Standishes of Standish. Juliana D. 1212 Richard Le Boteler Aquired the Lordship of Warrington by marriage. Beatrice ~1153 - 1186 Everard De Ros 33 33 Still a minor in 1166; adhered to the King in the rebellion of 1173; was a benifactor of the abbeys of Newminster and Rievaulx. ~1487 Thomas Rudd 1151 - >1194 Roese (Rose) Trussbut 43 43 Said to be 34 in 1185 and to have two sons, the elder (Robert) aged 13; she was living in the summer of 1194. ~1150 - 1204 Herbert Fitzherbert 54 54 Lucy Fitzmiles Lady of Blaen Llyfni and Bwich and Dinas, Brecknock; heir to one third interest in barony of Miles of Gloucester her father. ~1160 - 1214 Robert Fitzroger 54 54 Lord of Clavering; Sheriff of Northumberland. D. >1231 Margaret De Chesney Ralpd De Greasley ~1135 Leising Believed to have been the first rector of the ancient Standish Church, built about the end of the 12th century. Daughter Of Richard D. 1400 Robert Parke D. 1408 Margaret ~1491 - 1540 Alice Pemberton 49 49 1408 - 1469 Thomas Gifford 61 61 Under custody of William, Lord Roos of Hamlak & Thomas, Duke of Clarence; in 1429 held manor of Helydon and also Solerton lands; got manor of Fringford 1428/9; commisioner of peace and array in Bucks 1460-1464. ~1405 Eleanor Vaux D. 1463 Thomas Wynslowe ~1420 Agnes Throckmorton D. 1487 John Langston Sheriff of Oxford 1471. Elizabeth ~1362 - 1448 John Danvers 86 86 Lord of Banbury, Cothorp & Ipwell, Oxon. ~1370 - >1450 Joan Bruley 80 80 Richard Coles Gentleman; alive 1474. Agnes ~1490 Peter Edwards D. 1237 Osbert Giffard Granted lands from his brother Elias in manor of Winterburn, Dorsetshire 11 MAY 1229; received from King a grant from forest at Selwood 10 JUN 1232. ~1211 - 1242 Isabel De Bekland 31 31 ~1235 John Giffard La Beef Knight; enfeeffed of 2 parts of a knight's fee in Twyford by Robrt Fitz
Nicholas, steward of Henry III, prior to 1272; in 1282 performing in Wales
the service due from John Giffard of Brimsfield; in 1284-86 held 15 1/2
virgates of land in Charnden, Buckinghamshire and 40 librates in Twyford; 3
MAY 1296 knight of the shire (M.P.) for Buckinghamshire in Parliament at
Westminster - one of the earliest Parliaments; in the roll of arms in the
time of Eward I, known as the Planche Roll, the arms of John Giffarg La Beef
are given as Gules, three lions passant in pale argent, and a label for
differance; these are the arms of the Brimfield Giffards, with the mark of
cadency. Julianna ~0746 Himiltrude ~0769 - 0811 Pepin 'the Hunchback' 42 42 ~0771 Rothais (Rothaide) 0772 - 0811 Karl 39 39 0775 - 0810 Rotrud 35 35 0776 - 0826 Bertha Of France 50 50 ~1494 - 1519 Richard Samwell 25 25 0781 Gisele Aupals (Alpis) ~0763 - 0794 Fastrada 31 31 ~0784 Theodrade ~0766 Mathalgard ~0788 - 0852 Rothilde 64 64 ~0768 Gerswind ~0790 Adeltrud ~0801 - 0855 Drogo 54 54 ~0796 Adelinda ~1490 Amy Anne Gifford ~0785 Adelheid 0810 Deitrich 'the Monk' Genna Of Italy Daughter Of Pepin ~0920 - 0988 Theodoric III 68 68 D. 0983 Wieman I (Wickmann) Hildegardis Of France Adela ~0846 - 0893 Pepin De Senlis 47 47 ~1486 - 1570 Peter Coles 84 84 Lord of the manor of Little Preston. D. 0836 Lambert D. ~0858 Gui Of Spoleto Itana (Judith) D. ~0858 Gui II Of Spoleto Judith Of Fruili Ita Rothilda (Rohaut) ~0800 Daughter Of Louis ~0803 - 0838 Pepin I Of Aquitaine 35 35 ~1407 - ~1479 Thomas Perkins 72 72 Dhouda (Duodene) 0806 - 0876 Louis II 'the German' 70 70 His early years spent at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne, whose special affection he won; undertook the government of Bavaria, his inheritance, in 0817; fought slavonic tribes on his eastern frontier; involved in the fighting with his father and his brothers Lothair I and Charles the Bald over the division of the Empire; influenced by his step-mother Judith who was a sister of his wife, Emma; by the Treaty of Verdun which the three brothers made August 0843, Louis received the lands lying east of the Rhine, together with a district aroun Spires, Worms and Mainz; his territories included Bavaria where he made Regensburg the center of his government of Thuringia, Franconia and Saxony; may be called the founder of the German kingdom; at his instance synods and assemblies were held where laws were decreed for better government of church and state; lived in close alliance
with the church to which he was generous; his later years, after the death of his brother Lothair I were spent opposing the forces of his half-brother, Charles the Bald in Aquitaine anf Italy; he persuaded his daughter Engelberge at Trent in 0872 to name his son Carloman as her husband (Louis II)'s successor in Italy, but Charles the Bald reached Italy before his rival and secured the imperial crown; Louis was preparing for war with Charles but died. ~0808 Rotrude D. 0861 Berthe D. 0876 Carloman D. ~0900 Engelberge (Angilberg) Louis Charles D. 0897 Irmgard (Trungard) Gisele ~1401 Margaret D. 0886 Boso Of Provence On the death of Louis II of Italy, his lands passed into the hands of King Charles the Bald, and he in turn gave Provence to Boso, the son-in-law of Louis II; Boso reclaimed all the territory that had formerly belonged to his wife's grandfather, and on the death of Charles the Bald was acknowledged in 879 as its sovereign at Mantaille in Viennois. ~0883 - 0928 Louis 'the Blind' 45 45 On the death of his father his mother with the assistance of Emperor Arnulph, had Louis acknowledged as King at an assembly at Valance in 890; in 900 he attempted to sieze the crown of Italy and in 901 was crowned Emperor of Italy by Pope Benedict IV; in 905 he was suprised at Verona by his rival Berenger I who captured him, put his eyes out, forced him to give up Italy and return to Provence, where he lived until his death, after which his kingdom was given to Rudolph II of Burgundy by Hugo of Arles. D. 0919 Ingeltrude (Angelberge) ~0894 - 0933 Sympherienne De Hainault 39 39 D. 0868 Valtrude (Waldrada) Hugues De Lorraine Gisele De Lorraine ~0863 - 0925 Bertha De Lorraine 62 62 Hermengarde De Lorraine ~0844 Thibault ~1428 John Morgan D. 0947 Hugues D. 0948 Teutberge ? D. 0915 Adalbert II De Toscane D. 0932 Gui De Toscane Lambert De Toscane Hermengarde D. 0841 Gerard De Auvergne The 'Stammvater' of the great house of the feudal Counts of Poitou and Dukes of Aquitaine, whose heiress the Duchess Eleanor became the ancestress of the Plantagenet Kings. Ansgarde Of France ~0805 - 0844 Bernard I 'naso' 39 39 D. 0920 Guillaume I Of Perigod ~1445 Jonet Mathew Regilinde 0920 - 0936 Bernard I Of Perigod 16 16 ~0806 - 0876 Emma Of Andech 70 70 D. 0882 Louis II Of Lorraine 0839 - 0888 Charles III 'le Gros" 49 49 Charles III (Holy Roman Empire), called The Fat (839-88), Holy Roman emperor
(881-87), king of the East Franks, or Germans (876-87), and, as Charles II,
king of the West Franks, or French (884-87). He was the son of Emperor Louis
II and the great-grandson of Charlemagne. Charles was deposed from his
thrones in 887 by his nephew, Arnulf, duke of Carinthia. His deposition
marked the dissolution of the Frankish Empire. D. 0857 Hidegarde Berthe Helingarde Gisele 0893 - 0912 Louis IV 19 19 ~1470 - 1504 Morgan Morgan 34 34 ~0897 Glismonde D. 0912 Ludgara D. 0913 Helingarde D. 0900 Zuentibold Of Lorraine Rapold Berthe 0845 - 0866 Carloman 21 21 0847 - 0865 Charles Of France 18 18 0850 Lothaire Of France ~0854 Hermentrude Of France ~1472 Philip Morgan ~0856 Hildegarde Of France ~0858 Gisele Of France ~0862 Rothilde Richilde ~0871 Rothaut Of France ~1350 John Bruley ~1358 Matilda Quartermain ~1350 William De Bruley M.P. for Oxon 1394-1395; married Agnes his 2nd cousin. ~1360 Agnes De Bruley ~1338 Thomas Quartermain ~1476 Jane Morgan ~1344 Joan Russell ~1305 John De Bruley ~1298 Henry De Bruley ~1313 - 1342 Thomas Quartermain 29 29 ~1317 Katherine De Breton ~1320 John Russell ~1328 Agnes Planches ~1272 John De Bruley ~1478 Margred Morgan ~1270 William De Bruley ~1282 Thomas Quartermain ~1285 - >1346 Guy De Breton 61 61 Held lands in Welston, Maerston & Marten; M.P. for Warwickshire 1327-8. ~1289 Joan De Gray ~1304 - 1363 John Russell 59 59 ~1300 - 1363 Elizabeth Fitzelys 63 63 ~1243 Henry De Bruley Knight; acquired the manor of Henton 1266. ~1247 Katherine Foliot Lady of Waterstoke; heir to her brothers. ~1484 John Morgan 1250 William Quartermain ~1254 Maud ~1253 William De Breton ~1231 Agnes De Chetwode Heir to part of Welston. ~1253 Thomas De Gray ~1287 - 1337 Nicholas Russell 50 50 ~1290 Agnes Grindon ~1211 - >1250 Richard De Bruley 39 39 ~1215 Millicent ~1485 Lewis Morgan ~1221 - >1267 William Foliot 46 46 Knight. ~1190 - ~1260 William Quartermain 70 70 ~1200 William Chetwode ~1258 - >1300 James Russell 42 42 ~1260 Jane ~1185 Robert De Bruley ~1189 Joan De Kingwarton ~1170 - ~1230 Herbert Quartermain 60 60 ~1178 Lecia Knyvet ~1171 - 1249 Robert Chetwood 78 78 ~1486 - 1511 William Morgan 25 25 ~1174 Sybil Strange Fredville ~1230 Robert Russell ~1163 Robert De Kinewarton ~1165 Joan ~1158 Herbert Quartermain ~1145 Kalph Chetwood ~1148 Roger De Fredville ~1202 Thomas Russell ~1436 Roger Vaughan ~1174 - 1224 John Russell 50 50 ~1180 Rose Bardolf ~1150 Odo (Eudo) Russell ~1154 Thomas Bardolf ~1156 Alice De Corbet Agnes ~1320 - >1409 Richard Danvers 89 89 ~1435 Jane Whitney ~1327 - >1395 Agnes De Brancestre 68 68 ~1290 John Danvers Lord of Bourton & Ipswell. ~1290 Isabel De La Lee ~1340 John Brancestre ~1340 Margaret (Mille) Mile ~1256 - 1331 Simon Danvers 75 75 Lord of Bourton, Ipswell Chiselhampton. ~1262 Alice ~1270 William De La Lee ~1325 Isabel ~1310 Henry (Mille) Mile ~1461 Watkin (William) Vaughan 1225 - >1274 Robert Danvers 49 49 ~1197 - <1246 William Danvers 49 49 ~1201 Matilda Talemasche ~1172 - 1223 Robert Danvers 51 51 Knight. ~1175 Richard Talemasche ~1177 Amicia Taillard 1135 - 1197 William -Geoffery De Alvers 62 62 ~1142 Emma Chevauchesul ~1109 - >1145 Robert De Alvers 36 36 ~1116 Awcher Chevauchesul ~1463 Thomas Vaughan ~1118 Mabilia Talesmasche ~1087 Geoffrey De Alvers ~1061 Ralph De Alvers Knight; Lord of Little Marlow, Buckinghamshire. ~1063 N.n. Le Poure ~1370 - 1405 William Thomas Vaux 35 35 Ancestor of the Lords Vaux of Harrowden, Northamptonshire. ~1374 - <1454 Eleanor Drakelowe 80 80 ~1350 Thomas Draketon Knight; Killed at Alhokeston before 26 MAR 1378. ~1356 Ankeret De Salford ~1345 - ~1401 William Vaux 56 56 ~1344 Joan Thirning ~1465 Henry Vaughan ~1324 - <1373 William Vaux 49 49 ~1325 Joan ~1318 John Thirning ~1284 - ~1330 Elias Vaux 46 46 ~1291 Elizabeth Hastings ~1254 - >1305 Robert Vaux 51 51 ~1258 Alice St. Liz ~1226 - ~1275 Nicholas Vaux 49 49 ~1471 Eleanor Vaughan ~1232 Adam St. Liz ~1236 Iseud Beckyngham ~1200 - >1244 Roger Vaux 44 44 ~1170 - >1244 Oliver Vaux 74 74 ~1174 Petronill Croun ~1140 Robert Vaux ~1148 Guy De Croun ~1117 William Vaux ~1473 Joan Vaughan ~1099 Robert Vaux ~1097 Agnes Fitzwalter ~1065 Harold Vaux ~1071 Ralph Fitzwalter ~1075 Matilda Langetot 1389 - <1414 William Wynslowe 25 25 Yeoman of the chamber to King Richard II, 19 MAR 1381; king's pavillioner, 22 MAY 1395; held lands in Ramsbury, Wiltshire. 1379 - 1443 Agnes Poure 64 64 Eventual heir of the lordships of Burton, Wendlebury & Cherlton-upon-Otmore, Oxfordshire. ~1333 - 1387/88 John Wynslowe ~1337 - 1409 Mary or Mariota Crouchman 72 72 Eleanor Somerset ~1346 - <1399 Thomas Poure 53 53 Knight; lord of Burton, Cherlton, Wendlebury & Garford. ~1350 - 1407 Joan 57 57 ~1300 William Wynslowe ~1311 William Crouchman ~1321 - >1346 William Poure 25 25 ~1296 - <1338 Richard Poure 42 42 ~1271 - 1316 William Poure 45 45 ~1430 John Parke ~1275 - >1332 Margery Chasteleyn 57 57 ~1240 - <1283 Richard Poure 43 43 ~1249 Richard Chasteleyn ~1460 John Samwell ~1382 - 1445 John Throckmorton 63 63 Kt., M.P., J.P., of Throckmorton, in Fladbury, Worc., & Coughton, Warw., Born c. 1380.  M 1409 Eleanor, d. & heir of Guy Spyne, M.P., of Coughton, Worc. (See SPYNE).  M.P. for Worc., 1414, 1420, 1422, 1432, 1433 & 1439.  J.P. for Worc., 16 Jan. 1414 until his death, & for Warw., 26 Oct. 1433 to Dec. 1439.  Escheator of Worc., 4 Nov. 1418 to 23 Nov. 1419.  Warw. Chamberlain of the Exchequer, Dec. 1418 to 1445. Under Treasurer of the Exchequer, 19 July 1433 to July 1443.  Served on many Royal  Commissions, 1414 to 1441.  Will dated 12 April 1445.  Died 13 April 1445.  Will Proved at P.C.C., 1445. ~1385 - >1466 Eleanor De La Spine 81 81 ~1356 - 1411 Thomas De Throckmorton 55 55 Served in Ireland in the retinue of Thomas, 6th Lord Despencer, K.G.  Commissioner for Array, Worc., Dec. 1399 & Sept. 1403.
J.P. for Worc., 16 May 1401 to Nov. 1403, & 19 July 1404 to Feb. 1410. M.P. for Worc., 1402.  Escheator of Worc., 8 Nov. 1401 to 29 Nov. 1402. Constable of Elmley Castle, Worc., 1404.  Tax Collector, Worc., 1404.  Died Jan. 1411. ~1350 - >1428 Agnes De Besford 78 78 1350 Guy De La Spine Knight; lord of Cocton. 1354 Katherine Holt ~1335 Robert De Throckmorton ~1334 Lucy Coleman ~1319 - 1403 Alexander De Besford 84 84 M.P. for Worchestershire 1382 & 1393; commisioner of array 1399; lord of Besford, Flyford Flavell & Black Nauton, Worchestershire & of Hoddison, Hertfordshire. ~1323 Beatrice Thornden ~1387 - ~1451 William Perkins 64 64 ~1324 William De La Spine Knight. ~1326 Alice Bruley ~1324 John Holt ~1328 Alianore Durvassal ~1309 Giles De Throckmorton ~1314 Agnes Fraunceys ~1309 Geoffrey Coleman ~1295 John De Besford ~1294 Joan De Harley ~1303 Nicholas Durvassal ~1389 Margaret ~1308 Rose De Mountford ~1271 - 1335 Robert Throckmorton 64 64 ~1282 - 1315 Joan De Weston 33 33 ~1288 John Franceys ~1260 Alexander De Besford Lord of Besford, Flyferd, Flavell & Nauton; verderer of the Forest of Feckenham; M.P. for Worcestershire 1323-24. ~1276 Margery De Thornden ~1274 Robert De Harley ~1274 Joan De Corbett ~1272 John Durvassall ~1276 Sybil Corbicon ~1400 - >1448 Ieuan Morgan 48 48 ~1276 William De Mountford ~1280 Agneta Holt ~1251 - 1315 Simon De Throckmorton 64 64 ~1255 Isabel De Donnisley ~1256 Richard Weston ~1230 - 1268 Alexander De Besford 38 38 ~1234 Margaret De Nauton ~1251 John De Thornden ~1239 Thomas Durvassal Lord of Spernere. 1404 Denis Verch Thomas ~1242 Margeria ~1244 Peter Corbicon ~1231 - <1266 Robert De Throckmorton 35 35 ~1235 Prudence De Compton ~1210 Walter De Besford Knight. ~1214 Helen ~1215 Philip Durvassal Lord of Spornore. ~1217 Felicia De Camville ~1212 - ~1246 Adam De Throckmorton 34 34 ~1430 David Morgan ~1215 Matilda De Dersinton ~1198 Robert De Compton ~1202 Lucy ~1185 Vivian De Besford ~1189 N.n. De Nafford ~1193 - >1244 Roger Durvassal 51 51 1192 Eva De Ewenlode 1192 - >1235 Thomas De Camville 43 43 ~1196 Agnes ~1172 Robert De Throckmorton ~1432 Jenkyn Morgan ~1160 Osbert De Besford ~1164 N.n. De Bedsford ~1166 John Durvassal ~1146 John De Throckmorton ~1135 Vivian De Besford ~1139 N.n. De Besford ~1134 William Durvassal ~1421 John Mathew ~1367 - 1409 Roger Giffard 42 42 Held lands at Leisdon, Kent; at Twyford, Buckinghamshire; at Cogges, Bekbroke and Newynton, Oxfordshire; and at Helydon, Northamptonshire. ~1365 Isabella Stretele ~1345 - 1394 Thomas Giffard 49 49 Knight; held lands in Kent & Oxfordshire. ~1339 - ~1367 Elizabeth De Missenden 28 28 1301 - 1368 John Giffard 67 67 Knight; inherited manorial estates at Somerton & Fringsford and Coggs land
in Oxfordshire from the de Gardinis family, and messuage at leisdon from
Arsic family, and manor of Ixning from the de la Haye family; in 1330
inherited the Gifford lands; 26 MAR 1338 to array 10 men at arms, 20 armed
men & 40 archers for the French War; in 1340 had license to build an oratory
in his home at Twyford; an assessor of taxes on Pxfordshire 1340; one of
knights who accompanied Edward III to France, and in King's division at the
Battle of Crecy 1346; in 1349, 1351 and 1361 commisioner of peace in
Buckinghamshire; 14 MAR 1360 a commisioner of array in Buckinghamshire for
the French War; in 1368 again a commisioner of array. ~1305 - >1361 Lucy De Morteyn 56 56 ~1270 - >1328 John Giffard Le Beef 58 58 24 JUN 1301 at muster at Berwick on Tweed for military services against Scots; 28 SEP 1315 knights of the shire (M.P.) for Buckinghamshire; 1316 lord of the vills of Twyford, Charnden & Pounden in Buckinghamshire; held Twyford land of Ralph Pipard, lands at Begbrooke, Oxfordshire; half of manor of Heliden in Northamptonshire; and lands in Astwell; on 26 MAR 1316 a commisioner to raise soldiers for Scotch War. ~1279 - <1328 Alexandra De Gardinis 49 49 ~1279 John Morteyn ~1283 Joan De Rothwell ~1425 Catherin Kemeys D. >1427 William Coles D. <1427 Richard (Collys) (Colles) Coles D. >1369 Thomas Drakelowe Alice De Wyleby D. 1375/81 Peter De Salford Knight; served at Crecy. Joan Robert De Wyleby Emma D. ~1336 Nigel De Salford Margery ~1410 Roger Vaughan D. 1317 William De Spinete Margery Durvassal Thomas De Gardinis Knight; Lord of lands at Leysdon in the Isle of Sheppey and at Fringford, Cogges & Somerton, Oxfordshire. D. 1296 John De Morteyn Lord of Tilsworth & Marston, Bedfordshire. Joan Gobion Richard De Bethwell D. >1327 John De Wyleby Joan D. 1313 John De Salford D. >1317 Joan ~1414 Denis Verch Thomas William De La Spine Joan De Cocton De Kinewarten William Fitzelys William De Gardine Lord of Langley, Salop & Ixening, Suffolk. Alexandra De La Haye Agnes D. ~1284 John De Morteyn Constance De (Marston) Merston D. 1275 Hugh Gobion Succeeded his father 1230. Matilda ~1399 - 1455 John Parke 56 56 Roger De Spinete Randulph De Cocton De Kinewarten D. >1198 Christiana D. <1295 Robert De Grey Knight; Lord of Rotherfield, Semerton & Hardwicke, Oxfordshire and of Sculccates & Kettlewell, Yorkshire. Joan De Valeines D. 1318 William Fitzelys ~1189 - <1237 Alan De Bekland 48 48 Knight; Lord of Egg Buckland & Hoce, Devonshire. ~1189 - <1242 Alice Murdac 53 53 D. <1264 William De Gardinis Thomas De La Haye ~1434 James Samwell Alexandra Arsic D. ~1234 Eustace De Morteyn Lord of Cossale & Wellerton 'hillar' Silvein D. 1257 Ralph De Marsten N.n. De Mellers D. <1230 Richard Gobion Agnes De Merlay D. ~1232 Hugh De Salford D. >1213 Lucy D. >1240 Nigel De Salford 1645 - 1731 Desire Doty Sherman 86 86 Avice De Nauton William De Cocton D. <1267 Walter De Grey Isabel De Dusten D. 1234 Thomas De Valeines D. >1302 Joan D. 1302 Roger Fitzelys Guy De Bekland D. ~1196 Ralph Murdac Sheriff of Nottingham & Derby 1180-89; judge 1183; justiciar of Richard I. D. 1242 Eve De Grey 1689 - 1766 Desire Standish 77 77 Roger De Gardine Robert Arsic Sybylla De Crevequer ~1160 - 1223 Eistace De Morteyn 63 63 Hillaria Richard Silvein D. 1227 John De Marsten Richard De Gobion Beatrice De Lucelles D. 1188 Roger De Merlay 1690 - 1774 Thomas Standish 84 84 Agnes De Stuteville D. >1240 William De Camville a justice gor gaol delivery in 1234-5. Albareda Marmion Robert De Grey Granted Rotherfield by his brother, Walter de Grey, archbishop of York. D. 1232 William De Duston D. >1235 Mary D. 1234 Robert De Valeines D. 1252 William Fitzelys Margaret ~1030 - 1089 Thibault III 59 59 Count of Blois 1037; Count of Champagne 1048. 1693 - 1772 Ichabod Standish 78 78 Alix De Crepi D. ~1040 Raoul I De Crepi Count of Amiens Adele De Clermont D. ~1027 Gaucher II 'le Blanc' De Vexi Count of Vexin, Count of Valois Alix De Senlis D. ~0987 Gaucher I Eve De Dreux D. ~0965 Waleran D. ~0981 Hildegarde De Flanders D. 0903 Raoul I 1691 Phebe Ring ~0863 Winidilde (Widimille) D. 0933 Adolphe Egilfride De Flandre Elstrude De Flandre Isaac Of Cambray D. 0898 Wilfred I 'le Velu' D. 0954 Sunifred Of Besalu ~0863 - 0882 Louis III 19 19 Son Of Louis D. 0897 Trungard 1722 Mary Standish N.n. ~0899 Gisele Of Normandy ~0887 - 0917 Frederune 30 30 ~0908 Ermentrude Of France ~0910 Frederune Of France ~0912 Adelaide Of France ~0914 Hildegarde Of France ~0916 Rotrude Of France ~0895 N.n. ~0917 Arnulf 1725 Desire Standish 1875 - 1919 Clyde Lytle Hamilton 44 44 Agent for Kerbaux Co. of Pittsburgh; said to have provided financing for TEXACO; cause of death listed as apoplexy; buried in Homewood Cemetery. Susanna De Montfort 0850 - 0924 Berenger I 74 74 King of Italy 888-924; captured Louis the Blind and put his eyes out; murdered at Verona. ~0850 - 0915 Bertrila De Spoleto 65 65 ~0881 - 0910 Gisele Of Italy 29 29 ~0868 - 0923/25 Adalbert Of Ivrea Adelaide D. 0816 Begue Of Paris ~0790 Engeltrude (Engeltron) Donat I ~0785 Leutand Of Paris 1727 Phebe Standish ~0775 - 0839/40 Hunroch Of Friuli D. >1166 Ralph Murdac Beatrice De Chesney D. >1198 John De Grey Daughter Of Robert ~1140 - 1201 Alexander Arsic 61 61 D. >1180 Adam De Morteyn Nigel De Marsten D. 1168 Hugh Gobion Sheriff of Northampton 1161-4 D. 1159 Hugh De Lucelles 1729 Ichabod Standish D. 1160 Ralph De Merlay Founder in 1138 of the Cistercian monastery of Newminster. Juliana De Dunbar D. 1194 Roger De Stuteville Sheriff of Northumberland 1169-83 N.n. De Dersinton Felicia De Throckmorton Walter De Nafford William De Cocton D. >1129 William De Cocton Geoffery Marmion Lord of the honour of Llanstephan, Carmathenshire, Wales D. 1218 William De Duston Constable of Scarborough Castle. 1654 Caleb Sampson N.n. Wake Alan De Valeines Sheriff of Kent 1185-90 Helen De Alveston D. 1226 William Fitzelys D. >1236 Rose De Rekely Ponce Walter Of Gloucester D. >1130 Ralph Murdac D. >1109 Roger De Chesney D. >1148 Alice De Langtot 1699 Mary Eaton D. >1150 Anschetil De Grey D. 1166 Robert Basset Beatrice De Harcourt ~1120 - ~1172 Menasser Arsic 52 52 Sheriff of Oxfordshire 1160 Margaret Robert De Morteyn A tenant under William Peverel Hugh Gobion First appeared in the vill of Northampton 1130-1. Richard De Lucelles D. 1129 William De Merlay A sergeant to Geoffery, Bishop of Countances; gave lordship of Norwich to the monks of Durham. Menialde 1749 Sarah Sampson D. 1138 Gospatric II 2nd Earl of Dunbar; Baron of Beanley; slain at battle of the Standard. Sibyl Morel Osmund De Stuteville Lord of Weston Colville & Burton Agnes, Yorkshire Osmund De Throckmorton D. ~1129 Roger Marmion Walkelin De Duston Lord of Dusten jure uxeris; later a monk and an abbot. Alice Torfin De Alveston D. 1198 William Fitzelys Lord of Waterperry, Oakley and Worminghall. Emma De Braie 1754 Zabdial Sampson Roger De Pitres D. >1114 Richard Fitzmeurdrac Lord of la Meudraquire in Cotentin & Broughton Peggs. Ralf De Chesney In 1086 landholder in Sussex, Oxfordshire and Norfolk Maud De Watville Ralph De Langtot In 1086 a tenant of Walter Giffard in Bedfordshire and Suffolk Richard De Grey Robert Arsic William De Locels In 1086 a tenant of Beauchamp and Lord of Streatley-Sharpenhoe & Heigham Gobion D. 1095 Arkil Morel ~1075 Robert D'estouteville Like his father a supporter of Duke Robert of Normandy against Henry I; was captured in battle 1106, lived for some years in confinement; added to his inheritance the Lordship of Schypwic by marriage. 1756 William Sampson ~1075 Erneburga Fitzbaldric Roland De Alvers This name taken from the town of Auvers, was bourne by Roland D'Anvers, who came thence to the conquest of England; name on Duchesne's ANCIENT LIST OF THE CONQUERORS OF ENGLAND, as derived from a Charter in Battle Abbey. William Austurcarius To whom Henry II granted Duston by 1157 Fulk De Braie Lord of Waterperry, Ockley and Wormenhall. Meurdrac D. ~1085 William De Watville Anschetil De Grey The Conquror's companion in arms; from Graye-sur-Ner in Calvados; held lands of the fee of William Fitz-Osborne, as recorded in Domesdat Book; in 1086 Lord of Rotherfield, Widelia and lands in Burton and Cornewell, Oxfordshire. Menasser Arsic Descendant of William de Arsic, one of eight knights appointed by William de Fiennes, in the reign of William the Conqueror to the custody or guard of Dover Castle. ~1040 - ~1106 Robert D'estouteville 66 66 The Conqueror's follower; from Etouteville-sur-Mer, Normandy; received extensive land in Yorkshire after 1086; feudal Lord of Cottingham in Yorkshire was a benifactor of St. Mary's Abbey, York; in 1105 supported Duke Robert; in 1106 was captured at Tinchebrai and was imprisoned for the rest of his life. Beatrice 1739/40 William Bent Luvel De Braie John Of Crey Girard (Fleital) Flatel Hugues Butler to Henry I King of France ~0953 - ~0996 Godfrey D'eu 43 43 Natural son of Richard I Duke of Normandy; in 1006 both he and his brother William Count of Exmes, affixed their signatures to the act of assembly at Fecamp. Mattew De Vilers ~1124 - 1162/63 Robert De Ros Confirmed (1147-53) to Rievaulx the gift of his uncle Walter Espec for the
souls of his said uncle, his father and brother Everard; consablte, probably
to the Count of Aumale, lord of Holderness from about 1153 until his death;
in his grant to Selby Abbey he styled 'Roberttus de Ros, Conatabularius,
filius Petri Dapiferi'; attested charter of Count William about 1150, and
Henry II's charter to Scarsborough where for several years from 1158 on was
in charge of the works at the King's castle; on his death money was owing to
the Crown upon the works at Scarsborough; his son's lands were charged with
debt and they and his lands were put in custody of Ranulf of Glanville. ~1129 - <1219 Sibyl De Valognes 90 90 Gave 400 marks for the wedding; born at Nun Appelton Priory. William Trussbut Stlawart soldier who held the trust of Henry I; hereditary castellan of Bonn- ville-sur-Touquet in 1138, where in that year he discovered his enemies (Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and his forces) lack of caution he set fire to the town Tocque where they were encamped in 45 different places, the sallied forth from Bonneville to put them to flight. Albreda De Harcourt 1702 Jabez Fuller Richard Avenel Sibyl D. 1155 Herbert Fitzherbert Chamberlain to Henry I; succeeded to his father's lands in 1130. D. >1157 Sibyl Corbet Mistress of Henry I. ~1140 - 1214 Roger Fitzrichard 74 74 First Lord of Warworth, Northumberland; adult by 1157; with his wife Alice gave a salt-pan at Warkworth to Newminster. ~1130 - >1185 Alice De Vere 55 55 Her father gave as a marriage portion for her first marriage to Robert de
Essex land at Ugley (Essex); for the soul of her 1st husband, her father and
brother Robert she gave land in Ugley to the Order of the Hospital; received
the ville of Aynho, Northamptonshire from her 1st husband, and Compton,
Warwickshire from her 2nd; as a widow (2nd time) she joined her sister Rohese
at Chicksand Priory, but later moved to Walden Abbey; attested charters for
Colne issued by her mother and sister Rohese; after death of 2nd husband she
continued to be styled as Alice de Essex, perhaps because her 1st husband was
a lord, or because her 2nd husband had no surname. William De Chesney Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk ~1216 Richard De Spileman In 1153 received lands in Standish and Langtree from Richard de Bussel, as a dowry for Richard's sister. ~1218 Daughter Of Warin ~1088 - 1157 Piers De Ros 69 69 Probably derived his name from Holderness, Yorkshire; he was steward of the Count of Aumle, lord of Holderness; styled himself 'Piers de Rossa' or 'Piers the steward of Holderness'; he gave 2 carucates of land in Gilling, near Helmsley, and the church to St. Mary's Abbey, Yorkshire; he pre-deceased his brother-in-law, Walter Espec, and was presumably dead in 1130; was the founder of 3 monastaries - Kirkham (1122), Rievaulx (1131) and in Yorks and Wardon, Beds (1135). 1703 Harriot (Hannah) Whitman 1881 - 1963 Laura Keys Wilson 82 82 1900 none, with grandmother Agnes.
1930 in Pittsburgh, PA ~1092 Adeline Espec Geoffrey Fitzpagan Held estates in Yorkshire before reign of Henry I, where he was seated at Wartre in Holderness; founded a priory there; family afterwards was known as Trussbutt of Wartre. D. <1130 Herbert Fitzherbert Also known as Herbert of Winchester; accompanied Duke William from Normandy; filled office of Chamberlain and Treasurer to William II and Henry I; held lands in Hampshire in 1086 and afterwards other lands in Bedford, Hampshire, Gloucester and Yorkshire; his name appears on various lists as a companion of the Conqueror. Emma Of Blois Illigitimate daughter of Stephen, Count of Blois and half sister of Stephen King of England. Robert Corbet Accompanied his father and brother to England in the Norman invasion; after- ward received large estates; in Domesday compilation held 14 lordships in Shropshire, also Longdeen and Alcester in Warwickshire; known in Normandy before the Conquest by the surname Moreton, and also inscribed upon the Tablet at Falaise; after arrival in England known as Fitzcorbet or Corbet. Richard Jane Bigod Robert Fitzwalter A knight of William Malet, by whom he was enfoeffed of Horsford, where he built his castle. Sibyl Was given the manor of Coxford by her father on her marriage Warin De Bussel Held lands in the West Derby, Salford and 'Walluntine' Hundreds according to Domesday book; evidently took no part in the rebellion against Henry for his fee (land tenure, subject to homage and services to the superior lord) was mentioned in charters issued in 1093-1102; in a charter he issued in favor of Evesham abbey he styles Walter de Glanville as his knight. 1727 Gideon Soule William De Courcelles Sold land in Normandy to Odo Bishop of Bayeaux; sold meadow land in Normandy to Lanfranc, abbot of Caen; evidence suggests the original feoffe in England was William, and his overlord bishop Odo may have assisted in his advancement. Richard De Courcelles An under-tenant in Shropshire and Cheshire whre he held gtear estates; held office of butler (boteler) under Randulph, Earl of Chester in 1153; the ancestor of the Butlers (Botelers) of Chester; made grants to Chester abbey about 1090. Robert Le Boteler Pagan Troussebot Le Sire de Troussebot, the first known member of the family; was a warrior at Hastings; name appears on the bronze tablet at Falaise; the original seat of the family is supposed to have been in the northwestern part of the district of Neubourg, Normandy near the domain of the Harcourts. ~1070 Anchetil De Harcourt ~1075 Daughter Of William Le Sire D'argouges Name is on the list of l'abbe de la Rue in his REAEARCHERS OF THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY; name appears on the bronze tablet at Falaise. Corbet Le Normand Came over with his 2 sons with the Conqueror; settled in Shropshire where they assisted Roger de Montgomery in the government of his earldom od Shrewsbury; Corbet died before the compilation of the Domesday book; name appears on the bronze tablet at Falais. Walter De Caen Companion of William the Conqueror; held great estates in Norfolk in 1086 in Domesday book; name is on the bronze tablet at Falaise. Ralph De (Cheney) Canieto Lord of Ling in Norfolk; came to England with William the Coqueror; received considerable grants of land; named appears on several Rolls of Companions, sometimes spelled Cheine or Cheyne. 1720 Abigail Cushman Warin De Bussel Participated in the invasion of England 1066; received the tenancies of various county palatine lands; was sheriff and one of the three chief advisors of Roger de Montgomery; his name appears on several Rolls of Companions of William I. Amiera Niece of Roger de Montgomery and first cousin once removed to William the Conqueror. Hugh Pincerna Styled Hugue le Bouteillier in FALAISE ROLL, witnessed a charter in favor of Saint-Amand in Rouen, Normandy, before the conquest; was feudal butler of the counts of Meulent, and accompanied his over lord to England in 1066. Turquetil De Neufmarche Seignior de Turqueville and de Tanqueraye c. 1001; appears in several charters concerning the Abbeys of Fecamp and Bernay; was Lord of Neufmarche-en-Lions; governor of the boy Duke William; was treacherously assassinated between 1036 and 1040 by hirelings of Raoul de Grace. Anceline Sister of Poustain, seignior de Montfort-Risle. Richard De Hugelville ~1019 Papia Of Normandy D. ~1080 Richard Fitzscrob Of Richard's castle. Aubri De Ver The baronial name derived from Ver, near Bayeux and Caen, which was included in the dowry of the duchess Judith; it was granted to this family before 1058 whe Aubri was in possession of it. ~1010 - 1074 Raoul III 'the Great' 64 64 1748 Gideon Soule 0983 - 1037 Eudes II Le Champenois 54 54 Count of Blois 1004 amd of Campagne and Chartes 1019. ~1010 - 1040 Emergarde De Auvergne 30 30 ~0928 Torf 'the Rich' De Harcourt ~0930 Estemberge De Bricquibec ~0904 - 0955 Bernard 'the Dane' 51 51 A descendant of the kings of Denmark; a companion of Duke Rollo; governor and regent of Normandy in 912; from whom descended many noble English and French houses. ~0908 Sprota De Bourgoyne ~0975 - 1015 Gerberga De Lorraine 40 40 ~0950 - 1026 Adelaide D'anjou 76 76 1711 Mercy (Mary) Sylvester ~0950 - 0995 Eudes I 45 45 ~0995 - 1032 Robert I D'auvergne 37 37 0606 - 0663 Fatima 57 57 Fatima (606?-32?), daughter of Muhammad by his first wife, Khadija (circa 555-619), and the only child of Muhammad to bear offspring. She married the caliph Ali, Muhammad's cousin, and from Ali and Fatima are supposedly descended the Fatimids, a medieval caliphate of northern Africa. ~0600 - 0661 Ali Ibn Abi Talib 61 61 Ali (of Arabia), in Arabic, Ali ibn Abi Talib (600?-61), fourth caliph of Islam and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca, the son of Abu Talib (circa 540-619), Muhammad's uncle. Ali was one of the first converts to Islam and one of the most faithful followers of the Prophet. He married Muhammad's daughter Fatima, who bore him two sons, Hasan (624?-79?) and Husayn (626?-80). In 632, when Muhammad died, Ali claimed the right of succession. He was preceded in the caliphate, however, by Abu Bakr, Umar I (581?-644), and Uthman ibn Affan (575?-656), and did not become caliph until
656.
In the first year of Ali's reign he was forced to deal with a rebellion led by Aisha, whom Muhammad had married after the death of Fatima's mother and who bitterly opposed Ali's claim of succession. Although the rebellion was suppressed in 657, disputes over Ali's right to the caliphate were not resolved. Muawiyah I, a member of Uthman's family, refused to recognize Ali as caliph and claimed the caliphate himself. This dispute continued until 661, when Ali was murdered at Kufah by a member of the Kharijite sect; Muawiyah I was then acknowledged caliph.
Dissension between Ali's adherents and his opponents continued to shake the Muslim world. This conflict led to the first and most important schism in Islam, between the Shiites (adherents of Ali) and the Sunnites (orthodox Muslims). Ali is the ancestor of the Fatimid line of caliphs, who traced their descent from Ali and Fatima. ~0624 - ~0679 Hasan Ibn Ali 55 55 Husain 1741 Mercy Soule Zohra Abu Farisi Na'im Al- Lakhmi Ittaf Came to Spain in 741. Amru Aslan Amru Abbad Qarais Ismail 1752 Ruth Hardin 0995 - 1042 Kadi Abu-L Kasim Muhammad I 47 47 Abu Abed D. 1016 Uchtred ~1013 Aldgyth Of Northumberland Hugh De Monfort Gormo I 1710 Susanna Coomer ~0736 Geva Of Denmark ~0700 - 0768 Werneke 68 68 ~0710 Gunilda Of Rugen ~0752 - 0807 Witteking 55 55 ~0775 - 0825 Wigbert 50 50 Ratboldus ~0756 Sindacilla Of Freisland Biornno D. 0707 Baldrus Harold V 1678 Experience Sherman D. 0540 Hulderick D. 0568 Bodicus D. 0633 Berthold D. 0691 Sighard Julanda D. 0740 Dietrich Billing Dobzogera D. >0834 Waldrat Rutpert II Of record 770-807; Lord of Dienheim 795. 1660 Isaac Sampson D. <0789 Theoderata ~0725 Turincbertus (Thuringbert) Of record 767-770; a wealthy land owner at lersch. ~0695 - <0764 Rupert I 69 69 Of record 722-757; Duke in the Haspengau 732; royal "missus" in Italy 757. Williswint Heiress of large possessions in the Wormgau which she brought to her husband's family; in 764 the widow Williswint and her son Cancer built a monastery near their own church of St. Peter and their manor at Lersch. ~0665 - <0741 Lantbertus II 76 76 Count Adalhelm ~0635 Robert Described as "vir clarissmus"; majordomo of King Chlodwig II 22 JAN 653; Chancellor of King Chlotar (Clotaire) III of Neustria 658; Count Palatine 22 OCT 678. Doda ~0590 - >0650 Lantbertus I 60 60 A nobleman of the Frankish Kingdom of Neustria; referendarius of King Dagobert I of Neustria; of record 8 APR 630. Giselbert 1686 Josiah Sampson 1907 - 1967 Agnes Elizabeth "Betty" Hamilton 60 60 Gainfroi Flourished 795. Theidlindus D. 0800 Mainer Count of Sens. Daughter Of Haurde A daughter of Duke Haudre. Aubri II Haurde Aubri I D. 0724 Hnabi 'dux' D. 0709 Houching Brother of Lentfrey, Duke of Allemania. Brion Half brother of Niall of the Nine Hostages. 1688 Ephraim Sampson D. 0474 Eochaid Muinremur North Antrim in Ireland. ~1749 - >1769 William Hamilton 20 20 Alexandria ~1740 Alexander Erskine Had two other sons, names not known; said to be a dragoon in the Brirish Army; said to have retired at half-pay; said to have been married to a famous Scotch beauty who lived to be 99 yrs. old. 1804 - 1879 James Hamilton 74 74 1850 Cotton spinner in Allegheny, PA.
1870 Gentleman in Allegheny, PA. 1807 - 1856 Elizabeth Hamilton 49 49 Buried: Alleghany Cemetery, Pittsburgh Cause of death: stroke or heart attack. 1809 - 1881 Robert E. Hamilton 72 72 1850 Carpenter in Pittsburgh, PA.
1860 Carpenter in Pittsburgh, PA.
1870 Carpenter in Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 Carpenter in Allegheny, PA ~1810 Sara Parks 1802 - 1874 Hugh Adams 72 72 1817 - 1910 Melinda McCully 92 92 1900 wd, mother of 10, 6 still living, with James. 1700 Peleg Sampson 1863 - 1918 William Hamilton 54 54 1900 farming, living with mother in Forward Twp., Butler, PA. 1868 - 1940 Sarah "Sadie" Bell Hamilton 72 72 1900 School teacher, living with mother in Forward Twp., Butler, PA. Ferreolus D. 0968 Boso II D. 0961 Constance De Vienne Humberge Reinald 0915 - 0978 Thibault II 'the Swindler' 63 63 1700 Mary Ring 0920 - 0978 Luitgarde De Vermandois 58 58 Megingoz ~0940 Irmentrude Herbert I ~0920 - 0962 Charles Constanine 42 42 Teutberg Hugh Richilde Skoglar Toste 1724 Mary Sampson D. 0904 Gerlon ~0854 - >0896 Hrollager Rognvaldsson 42 42 Natural son of Rognvald; living in 896 in Avranches, Normandy. Emma ~0898 - ~0914 Anna 16 16 ~0846 Judith Of Friuli Adalbert I ~0837 - 0905 Adalbert II 'the Illustrious' 68 68 1726 Peleg Sampson ~0865 - 0911 Burkhard 46 46 Called 'Duke of Alaminnia'; killed by two counts Palatine, Bertold and Erchanger, who were accused of treason and put to death by order of the German king Conrad I. Eberhard I Of Hellenburgh Gisela D. 0963 Valrun (Ralph) De Goucy Count of Amiens, Valois and Vexin. Eldegarde Of Amiens D. 0919 Wigeric (Richwin) ~0890 Cunegunde D. 0949 Odo I D. >0943 Daughter Of Herbert Ardern 1731 Mercy Sampson ~0485 - 0567 Cormac Mac Ailella 82 82 ~0500 - 0546 Cairpre Mac Cormaic 46 46 ~0530 - 0576 Colmán Mac Cairpri 46 46 Fedelm Ingen Óengusa ~0570 - 0663 Fáelán Mac Colmáin 93 93 Acceded 0633. ~0575 Sárnat Ingen Echach ~0600 Conall Mac Fáeláin Condadil Ingen Crundmáel ~0640 - 0693 Bran Mutt Mac Conall 53 53 Acceded 0680. ~0645 Almaith Ingen Blathmaic 1733 Jonathan Sampson ~0670 - 0726 Murchada Mac Brain Muit 56 56 Acceded 0715. ~0675 - 0743 Conchenn Ingen Cellaig Cualain 68 68 ~0710 - 0760 Muiredach Mac Murchada 50 50 Acceded 0738. ~0740 - 0795 Bran Ardchenn Mac Muiredaig 55 55 Acceded 0785. D. 0795 Eithne ~0770 - 0818 Muiredach Mac Bran Ardchenn O'muiredaig 48 48 Etromma Ingen Indellaig ~0800 - 0869 Dúnkaing Mac Tuathal O'muiredaig 69 69 Acceded 0863. 0830 - 0871 Ailill Mac Dúnlaing O'muiredaig 41 41 Acceded 0869. ~0860 - 0917 Augaire Mac Ailll O'muiredaig 57 57 Killed in the Battle of Cennfuait by Sitric ua Imair. Acceded 0909. 1736 Simeon Sampson D. 0958 Tuathal Mac Augaire O'muiredaig Acceded 0947. ~0920 - 1014 Dúnlaing Mac Tuathail O'muiredaig 94 94 Acceded 1014. ~1000 Maelcorcre Ingen Dúnlaing O'muiredaig ~1000 - 1034 Amlaib Mac Sitric 34 34 D. 0981 Amlaib Cuaran ~0949 - 1030 Gormlaith Ingen Murchada 81 81 ~0980 - 1042 Sitric "Silken Beard" Mac Amlaib 62 62 Ellen 0347 Cas 0388 Blad Priscilla Sampson ~0417 Carthann Fionn Oge Mor Eochaidh Ball- Dearg Conall Aodh Caomh Cathal 0641 Toirrdelbach 0683 Mathgamain Mac Toirrdelbaig Anluan Mac Mathgamna Corcc Mac Anluain Lachtnae Mac Cuircc 1740 Epriam Sampson 1909 - 1977 Kathryn Keys Hamilton 68 68 Buried: Roseland Cemetery D. 0942 Lorcan Mac Lachtnai 0926 - 0951 Cennetig Mac Lorcain 25 25 King of Thomond ~0910 Be Bind Ingen Aurchada ~0941 - 1014 Brian Boruma Mac Cennetig 73 73 Brian, also called Brian Boru (941?-1014), king of Ireland. In 978 he became king of Cashel, capital of the ancient kingdom of Munster. By 984 he controlled all of Munster, and in 1001 he was acknowledged the chief king of Ireland. From his youth, Brian had been fighting the Vikings, who had occupied part of the country. In the Battle of Clontarf (April 23, 1014), his sons led an Irish army to a decisive victory over the Vikings, thereby permanently destroying their power in Ireland. Brian, too aged to fight, was awaiting news of the battle when he was slain in his tent by a Viking intruder. Brian is one of the great heroes of the Irish, but fact and legend have become so intertwined in the accounts of his life that an accurate biography cannot be given. ~0928 Eachraidh ~0963 - 1022 Teige O'brien 59 59 ~0975 Mor O'mulloy 1015 - 1086 Turloch Mor O'brien 71 71 ~1010 Mor ~1032 - 1119 Marchertus O'brien 87 87 1729 John Weston ~1033 - 1098 Dubhchobhleigh Of Ossory 65 65 Anscarius Gisela D. 0910 Gebhard Count in the Wetterau; killed in battle. D. 0831 Halfdan Hucbold Helwise (Heilwich) Of Friuli Owain Ap Maredudd D. 0754 Rhodri Molwynog Ab Idwal Iwrch Prince of North Wales, whose death as 'King of the Britons' was recorded in 754 1767 Rhoda Weston D. ~0712 Idwal Iwrch Ap Cadwaladr Fendigaid D. 0796 Maredudd Ap Tewdws D. 0664 Cadwaldar 'the Blessed' Fendigaid Ap Cadwallon King of the Britons in North Wales; with his capital at Aberffaw; died in the great plague. D. 0634 Cadwallon Ap Cadfan Overcame Northumbria; married sister of king Penda and daughter of Wibba, king of Mercia. D. 0617 Cadfan Ap Iago His Latin tombstone calls him 'wisest and most renowned of all Kings' D. ~0613 Iago Benifator of the cathedral church of Bangor. D. ~0599 Beli Named after King Coel's legendary ancestor, the god-spirit Beli Mawr. D. ~0586 Rhun Half-brother of Bruida, King of the Picts. 1765 Asa Bearce D. 0547 Maelgyn 'the Tall' Overcame the tide with a floating chair; patron of bards. D. >0410 Coel- Hen (Nursery rhyme Old King Coel); ancient British King Caelius Votepacus in North when the Romans left Briton c. 410. D. >0862 Bouin Richardis Of Arles Budwine D. 0770 Harald Hilditonn Defeated by Sigurd Ring at Bravalle. Suppo D. >0879 Gebhard 1830 - 1913 William Henry Fowler 82 82 Our County and Its People, Part III: Family Sketches
by Daniel E. Wager. (The Boston History Company, 1896.)
FOWLER, WILLIAM H. JR., was born at Trenton, Oneida county, N. Y., June 13, 1830. His father, William H. Fowler, was born at Fairfield, Conn., November 8, 1801, and died at Little Falls, N. Y., April 17, 1896. In 1827 he removed to Trenton, N. Y. In 1832 he moved to Cold Brook, Herkimer county, N. Y., where he carried on a furniture and undertaking business for fifty years. In 1829 while in Connecticut he married Mary Ives of New Haven, who was born in 1803, and died in Cold Brook in December, 1881. William H., jr., was educated in the common school in Cold Brook, where he lived until twenty-three years of age; from which place he went to Poland, Herkimer county, and was manager of the Union store, a position he held for twelve successive years. December 25, 1857, he was married to Mary M. Slocum, daughter of Sidney Slocum of Cold Brook. In 1866 Mr. Fowler moved to Trenton, N. Y., where he became associated with Levi Wheaten, under the firm name of Wheaton & Fowler, dealers in general merchandise, and remained until 1870, when he settled at Oriskany Falls, N. Y., where he has since resided and is now engaged in the general merchandise trade. Mr and Mrs. Fowler have three children: Frank S., born January 31, 1861; Ruth Ives, born March 30, 1866; and Nettle E., born December 3, 1872. Frank S. is engaged with his father in business, and October 15, 1884, he married Anna Louisa Root, of Madison, N. Y. April 19 Ruth Ives married Clifton C. Newell, of Oriskany Falls. Mr. Fowler has been identified with the Prohibition party for the past ten years. (p. 259) 1836 - 1896 Mary Matilda Slocum 60 60 Buried in Hillside Cemetery. 1743 Averick Standish 1866 - 1937 Ruth Ives Fowler 71 71 1913 of Oriskany Falls. Had no children. Buried in Hillside Cemetery. 1861 - 1929 Frank S. Fowler 68 68 1900 Salesman in Oriskany Falls, NY.
1910 Dry goods merchant in Oriskany Falls, NY.
1920 none, Oriskany Falls, NY. 1837 - 1905 Thomas J. Geer 68 68 Senca Falls Reveille
December 15, 1905

Thomas J. Geer

In the death of Thomas J. Geer, which occurred at the home of his son, Dr. Leroy T. Geer, in Syracuse, yesterday morning, this community has lost one of its most highly esteemed citizens. Mr. Geer went to Syracuse about three weeks ago to vist his son, and while ther became ill with pleurisy. Medical aid was promptly summoned, but he did not seem to rally from the effects of the disease. It is possible that other complications followed , which hastened his death. Mr. Geer was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1837, but nearly his whole life was spent in this village. He was a moulder by occupation, and for many years was foreman of the foundry of the Silsby Steam Fire Engine works, and one of the concern's most faithful and trusted employes. He was an intelligent and valuable member of the board of education for several terms, and won the confidence and respect of his associates in the board to an unlimited extent. Of late he had been engaged in the life insurance business. In the community, in the church and in all business and social relations, he was the truest and best of men, faithful and conscientious in the performance of every duty, ever mindful and considerate of the feelings and views of all by whom he was surronded, and kindly disposed in all ways. He was a manly and upright citizen, and his death is a source of sincere regret to his large circle of friends and aquaintances. All sympathize with his stricken family in there bereavemant. His wife, one daughter, Mrs. Charles H. Weighman of Seneca Falls, and three sons, Leroy T. Geer of Syracuse, Clarence Geer of Pittsburgh and George Geer of New York survive him. 1837 - 1915 Maria E. Spenser 78 78 Senca Falls Reveille
Friday, November 19, 1915
Mrs. Maria E. Geer
Mrs. Marie E. Geer, widow of Thomas J. Geer, and mother of Mrs. Julia Geer Weigman, teacher in Mynderse Academy, died at the home of her son, Dr. Leroy T. Geer, in Syracuse, on Monday morning, aged 75 years.
She had been in failing health for the last two years, but her condition did not become serious until a few days before her death. Mrs. Geer had lived in Syrucuse for the last twelve years, but a considerable part of her life was passed in Seneca Falls, her husband being foreman of the Silsby Foundry for many years. He was also a member of the board of education. Mrs. Geer was a well known resident of the village, a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, active in all good work, and highly esteemed by a large circle of friends and aquiantances. Her great kindness of heart and her purity of motive were
conspicuous traits of her charecter. She is survived by one daughter, Mrs. Julia Geer Weigman of Seneca Falls, three sons, Clarence J. Geer of Pittsburgh, Pa., George H. Geer of Bayonne, N.J., Dr. Leroy T. Geer of Syracuse, and two sisters, Mrs. Julia Powers of Rippon, Wis., and Mrs. DeYoe of Mechanicsville, N.Y. The remains reached Seneca Falls for burial in Restvale cemetery at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon; brief service at the grave by Rev. Deane Edwards. 1861 - 1921 Julia M. Geer 60 60 1892 teacher Mynderse Acadamey; living with parents.
1894-95 teacher; living with parents
1900-1905 teacher living at 122 State st. Seneca Falls
1910 High School teacher, widow, Living with Leroy and mother in Syracuse, NY. 1872 - 1921 George Herbert Geer 49 49 1892 law student; living with parents.
1900 Manhattan, NY, NY
1910 School teacher, Bronx, NY, NY.
1920 High school teacher, Bayonne, Hudson, NJ. ~1873 Leroy T. Geer Onondaga County Medical Society, 1906-1956 Syracuse?: The Society?, 1956, 144 pgs.
Pg. 63, 64

The Syracuse directory, 1908 : containing a street directory, general directory of the citizens, business directory, house directory and city, county and state registers, with new map.
Syracuse, N.Y.: Sampson & Murdock Co., c1908, 1241 pgs.
Pg. 787 124 Geer Leroy T physician.
Pg. 1027 Geer Leroy T 124 Merriman Av 1749 - 1825 Joel Ives 76 76 In June 1776 enlisted in Capt. Peck's company, in Col. Douglas' batallion, Wadsworth's brigade. The company served on the city of Brooklyn front, on the right of the line, during the Battle of Long Island 27 AUG 1776 and were removed in boats across the East River to Manhattan during the night of 29-30 August, under Washington's personel supervision. The company also particpated in the Battle of White Plains 28 OCT 1776. The company was mustered out 25 DEC 1776. Married 1st Mary Heaton, 2nd Sarah Harrison.

Joel Ives, 1776, enlisted as a private and was in the battles of Long Island, Kip's Bay and White Plains. 1774 - 1817 Enoch Ives 42 42 1780 - 1850 Sarah Gorham 69 69 1746 - 1837 Shadrack Standish 91 91 Drummer in Revolutionary War from MA Source: DAR Patriot Index 1803 - 1881 Mary Ives 77 77 ~1570 - 1660 William Fowler 90 90 William came to Boston with Rev. John Davenport, landing there on June 26, 1637; moved to New Haven (Quinnipiac) March 30, 1638, and finally located at Milford in 1639. He was one of four settlers to whom the deed of Milford was given in 1639 by the Indians in exchange for valuables. At the second General Court in Milford, March 1640, "it was agreed between William Fowler and the Brethren that he should build a mill and have her going by the last of Sept." The town granted him land and the use of the stream (Wepawaug River).
This was the first mill in New Haven Colony, and has been owned by Fowlers ever since, "The oldest manufacturing business in the United States." In 1889 a memorial bridge and tower were erected near the mill and the first millstone is built into the wall as a seat. William was a very creditable ancestor being a magistrate and one of the pillars of the church. All of his children were born in England.
On the "Roll of Planters" at New Haven in 1642, as having an L 800 estate, a family of three (probably wife and dtr. Mary). Another note has year of death as 1660, with same day and month. A handwritten note says that he came to the Guilford Colony from Milford, but I am not sure about this.

From the New England Historical & Genealogical Register Vol. 11 page 248

William Fowler came over in the company of Rev. John Davenport, Gov. Eaton and others, and arrived at Boston 26 June 1637. His probable grandfather, William Fowler is mentioned as a prisoner in Bridewell with other Puritans in the year 1592. The list of prisoners is immediatly preceded by a petition addressed to the Lord Treasurer by many of the "poor Cristiains impresoned by the Bishops in sundry prisons in and about London." About this time a congregation of Puritans were discovered at Islington, which was then and now is a part of London in fact.

In this connection we introduce the following from " Weever's

Funeral Monuments," of " Monumental remains at Islington near London." -- "Here ---- John Fowler -- 1538," and "Alis Fowler, wife of Robert Fowler, Esquire, who d. ---- , 1540;" "Divers of the family lie here interred; the ancestors of Sir Thomas Fowler, Knight and Baronet, living 1630." Mr. Davenport was born in Warwickshire, and removed to London, where he was vicar of St. Stephen's Chirch, Mr. Eaton, another of the New Haven ompany, was a member of this chirch, and also from Warwickshire -- the ancestors of both being originally from the County of Chester. Mr. Fowler sailed with this company from Boston, and arrived at New Haven in April, 1638, and was at the famous meeting in Mr. Newman's barn, 4 June, 1639, when the peculial constitution and policy of Mr. Davenport, which afterwards characterized the New Haven Colony, was agreed upon. Mr. Fowler subscribed to that agreement. In the spring of 1639, the settlement of Milford had been arranged, and Mr. Fowler is the first named of the trustees, and the only one bearing the honorable prefix of "Mr." At the first meeting of the Milford Company he was chosen one of the "Judges." The church was organized 1639, and he was elected one of the "seven pillars," -- Mr. Peter Prudden, Pastor. Mr. Fowler was elected magistrate, and reappointed yearly to 1654. In 1640, by agreement with the town, he built a mill, the first erected in New Haven Colony, and which is now in possession of his descendants. It is probable that Mr. Fowler was one among those of the first settlers who had recived a classical education in his native country. His name is in the roll of planters at New Haven, 1642, as having an &800 estate, and a family of three persons. He d. 25 Jan 1660-1, and his will was presented by his son William to the General Court of the Colony 1661, but was not recorded, and being unfortunately lost, we are without guide as to his family. 1652 - 1720 Abraham Fowler 68 68 REF: "The Musket and the Cross", book by Walter D. Edmonds, Little, Brown & Co., Boston - Toronto, 1968, Library of Congress 68-11527. Tells of the Narragansett Swamp Fight that Abraham took part in as a Sargeant in King Philip's War. He was age 23 in the battle and wounded. They won a battle against the savages under tremendous hardship...they marched 14 miles without food or rest, fought an intense battle hand-to-hand, turned around without food or rest and marched out in a snow storm and through a swamp at night. "There was no question but that the Great Swamp Fight was the turning point in the King Philip's War". He was one of 300 men from Conn. under Major Robert Treat, in a total of 985 men in the battle under Josia Winslow. The first long march followed a camp in the snow without blankets to battle 3000 Indians in a fortified log fort in the swamp.

Abraham was a deputy to the General Court of Hartford for many years, a Justice of the Peace, and a Judge of the County Court, and also of the higher court. He was one of the most eminent men in town as well as one of the richest, with property of 500 acres and L1421 in money at death. He was a Captain in the Militia. 1688 - 1757 Josiah Fowler 69 69 Removed to Durham as early as 1714; is mentioned with some of the pricipal men as appointed to "seat the Meeting House"; appointed to take care of the public lands; was lister and surveyor; will dated 23 Feb. 1757. 1724 - 1802 Josiah Fowler 78 78 In April 1775 when the Lexington alarm reached New Haven, he marched as a Captain at the head of a company of 37 men, to the releif of Boston. This was part of the 1st Regiment under Colonel Wooster which was raised by the General Court in April and May 1775. In April 1777 the legislature authorized the raising of several regiments which were known as the Continental Line. April 24, 1777, Josiah enlisted as a private in Captain Ely's company of the sixth regiment, Colonel Douglas of Northford commanding. The regiment rendezvoused at New Haven and went into camp in the summer of 1777 at Peekskill, New York. Performed outpost duty at Kingsbridge, New York under General Israel Putnam. During the winter of 1777-78 the regiment was at West Point engaged in erecting fortifications on the east side of the Hudson River. At the time of the invasion of New Haven on 5 July 1779 by the British under General Tryon, Josiah marched from Branford to New Haven with other militiamen to repel the invaders, who departed the next day. Captain from Connecticut;
DAR Patriot Index, Pg. 248

Buried in Northford Cemetery. 1756 - 1829 Stephen Fowler 72 72 Dwight, Benjamin Woodbridge, The history of the descendants of Elder John Strong, of Northampton, Mass.
Albany: J. Munsell, 1871, 1680 pgs. 1801 - 1896 William Henry Fowler 94 94 A cabinetmaker and was for 48 years engaged in business as an undertaker at Cold Brook.

1860 mechanic, Russia, Herkimer, NY.
1870 farmer,  Russia, Herkimer, NY.
1880 undertaker, Russia, Herkimer, NY. 1648 - 1694 Joseph Ives 46 46 1650 Mary Yale 1607 - 1648 William Ives 41 41 Son of a wealthy merchant; member Church of England; listed as passenger on "Truelove", sailed from London, 19 SEP 1635 to Boston 1734 Zadock Thomas 1622 - 1665 Hannah Dickerman 43 43 There is a record of a Goodwife Bassett (Hannah's 2nd hubands name) that was hung as a witch, the report says that this Goodwife Bassett was tried and convicted as a witch and as she was being drug to the hanging she struggled against her captors and subsaquently grabbed a hold of a rock. She was said to have left her fingerprints on the rock and so confirming her as a witch. 1616 - 1683 Thomas Yale 67 67 ABT 1615/20 - 1704 Mary Turner 1615 - 1692 David Atwater 76 76 Buried: Cedar Hill Cemetery 1625 - 1691 Damaris Sayre 66 66 1623 - 1699 Jeremiah Peck 76 76 1637 - 1711 Joanna (Johanna) Kitchell 74 74 ~1597 - 1657 Thomas Dickerman 60 60 "Thomas, Dorchester 1636, a tailor, freeman. 14 Mar 1639, had Isaac b. Nov 1637 d. soon and the f. d. 3 Jan 1658. His widow Ellen act. as Admor. and m. John Bullard of Medfield." per book "Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England" p.47 ~1601 Eleanor (Ellen) Whittington 1590 - 1619 Thomas Yale 29 29 1746 Mary Churchill 1591 - 1659 Anne Lloyd 68 68 1600 - 1646 Nathaniel Turner 46 46 1567 - 1636 John Atwater 69 69 Buried: Lenham Church Yard 1577 - 1637 Susan Narsin 60 60 Buried: Lenham Church Yard 1597 - 1671 Thomas Sayre 73 73 ~1600 - 1634 Margaret Aldrich 34 34 1604 - 1694 William Peck 90 90 1608 - 1683 Elizabeth 75 75 1601 - 1672 Robert Kitchell 71 71 1598 - 1682 Margaret Sheafe 83 83 1558 - 1626 David Lloyd Yale 68 68 1553 - 1642 Frances Lloyd 89 89 1560 - 1615 George Lloyd 55 55 1564 - 1648 Anne Wilkenson 84 84 1521 - 1573 Christopher Atwater 52 52 1534 Maryan ~1565 - 1645 Francis Sayre 80 80 ~1570 Elizabeth Atkins 1575 - >1604 William Peck 29 29 1531 - 1573 John Lloyd Wynn Yale 42 42 1536 Agnes Lloyd 1526 Meredith Lloyd 1530 Janet Convy ~1500 - 1547 Thomas Atwater 47 47 ~1499 Johanna ~1535 - <1581 William Sayre 46 46 ~1539 - 1581 Elizabeth 42 42 1912 - 1967 John Craig Hamilton 54 54 1930 living with his mother.

Name:    John Hamilton
SSN:    121-09-1820
Born:    30 Jul 1912
Died:    Mar 1967
State (Year) SSN issued:    New York (Before 1951 ) 1562 - >1619 Stephen Peck 57 57 ~1565 Mary Cave 1532/35 - 1604 Thomas Sheafe 1536 - 1609 Mary Harmon 73 73 1487 - 1570 Dafydd 'llwyd' Ap Elise 83 83 ~1511 Gwenhwyfar Lloyd 1500 John Lloyd ~1502 Margaret Gethin 1500 - 1540 Hugh Convy 40 40 1500 Annes 1514 - 1564 William Sayre 50 50 ~1514 - 1567 Alice Squire 53 53 ~1540 John Peck ~1540 Margery Passon ~1539 William Cave 1440 Elise Ap Gruffydd ~1442 Margred Verch Jenkin ~1474 Reynold Convy ~1476 Maud ~1474 Thomas Sayer ~1495 John Squire ~1492 Margaret ~1524 Richard Peck ~1398 Gruffydd Ap Einion ~1400 Lowri Verch Tudur ~1506 John Peck ~1501 N.n. (Kerke) Kirke ~1365 - 1405 Tudur Ap Gruffydd 40 40 ~1367 Mawd Verch Ieuaf ~1490 - 1527 John Peck 37 37 Buried: Parish Church ~1490 Joan Aune ~1330 Gruffydd 'fychan' Ap Gruffydd ~1334 Elen Verch Thomas ~1464 - 1516 Richard Peck 52 52 ~1468 Alice Middleton ~1459 John Anne ~1463 Catherine Preston ~1280 Gruffydd 'llwyd' Ap Madog ~1284 Elizabeth Strange ~1447 Richard Peck ~1448 Joan Harrington ~1442 Peter (Midleton) Middleton ~1444 Anne (Catherine) Vavasour ~1435 Thomas Anne ~1439 Elizabeth Bosville ~1439 Thomas Preston 1716 - 1792 Jonathan Ives 75 75 1677 - 1726 Samuel Ives 49 49 1688 - 1758 Ruth Atwater 69 69 1656 - 1726 Jonathon Atwater 69 69 1661 - 1726 Ruth Peck 65 65 ~1592 John Ives ~1573 - 1602 John (Jhon) Kitchell 29 29 ~1564 - 1659 Joan Jordan 95 95 1558 - ~1625 Richad Shaefe 67 67 John Wilkenson ~1544 Ellen Bearcliffe ~1515 David Wilkenson 1504 - 1577 Richard Sheff 73 73 1510 - 1564 Elizabeth Andrews 54 54 ~1500 - 1547/48 Thomas (Harmon) Harman ~1500 - <1547 Elizabeth Courthope 47 47 ~1085 - 1163 Gilbert De Lacy 78 78 ~1089 N.n. Fergus D. 0702 Muireadach Maolleathan D. 0723 Inreachtach Murgal Tomhailtach D. 0815 Muirgheas (Murias) Teige Mor 0925 Conchobhar Cathal D. 0956 Teige D. 0973 Conchobhor (Conner) Cathal ~1020 Teige An Each Ghal Aodhangath Bearnaigh Ruadhri An Saighteach 1088 - 1156 Turloch Mor O'connor 68 68 ~1089 Dubhcols Macdermott D. 1198 Roderick O'connor Teige Macdermott ~0809 Mulroona Mor Macdermott Flann Abraid O'malley N.n. O'malley ~0830 Murtogh Macdermott O'dowd N.n. O'dowd Bernice Lundy ~0851 Teige Macdermott ~0874 Mulroona Macdermott ~0894 Teige Mor Macdermott ~0915 Dairmaid Macdermott ~0935 Conchobhar (Connor) Macdermott ~0955 Tomaltach Na Carrigan Macdermott ~0976 Cormac Macdermott ~0996 Conchobhr Macdermott ~1006 Giollachriosd Macdermott ~1026 Mulroona Macdermott ~1140 - 1191 Jean I 51 51 ~1160 Beatrice Candavaine De St. Pol 1179 - 1221 Guillaume III Talvas 42 42 ~1170 - ~1221 Alixe Of France 51 51 Princess of France, Countess of Vexin: Alixe was the full sister of King Philip II Augustus, who was born 1165. Alix had been engaged as a young child to Richard the Lion Hearted, son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. As a child, Alix was sent to the English court. Henry began a sexual relationship with her, and she bore his child out-of-wedlock before she was 18; the child was stillborn. Richard refused to marry Alix; instead, Richard had a homosexual relationship with Alix's brother, Philip. Alix was banished from the English court by Eleanor when Henry died, and Alix was locked up for a period. Ultimately, Alix's granddaughter, the Countess of Ponthieu born about 1216, married Henry and Eleanor's great-grandson, King Fernanado II of Castile and Leon. Alix's great-granddaughter thru that union, Eleanor of Castile, married a great-great grandson of Henry and Eleanor in 1254 and ascended to the throne of England in 1272 when her husband became King Edward I. The union between Eleanor of Castile and Edward I was a happy one. 1199 - 1250 Marie 51 51 D. 1239 Simon Count of Aumale. ~1216 - 1279 Jeanne Of Dammartin 63 63 Beatrice Montlucon ~1160 - 1216 Gui II De Dampierre 56 56 ~1165 - 1218 Mahaut I De Bourbon 53 53 D. 1171 Archambaud Viii D. 1218 Alice Of Burgundy ~1115 - 1162 Eudes II 47 47 ~1123 - ~1190 Marie De Champagne 67 67 D. 1171 Archambaud Vii D. >1180 Agnes Of Savoy Margaret Maria Of Hungary ~1049 Maud De Montgomery Jean I Paula Heiress of Maine Gisela Of Bavaria Venedobel Guyula Unroch Eberhard ~0895 Judith D. 0979 Erchanger I Judith ~0875 Kunigunde ~0875 - 0907 Luitpold 32 32 ~0895 - 0937 Arnulph I 'the Bad' 42 42 D. 0973 Judith Of Bavaria ~0918 - 0955 Henri 'le Querelleur' 37 37 D. 0995 Heinrich II 'the Wrangler' D. 1006 Gisela Christina Of Hohenstauffen Agnes Von Sarrbruche Garsende D'albon Arnaud De La Flotte D. >1070 Petronel D'annonay Ingenach Or Lleian D. 0680 Dagobert II Mathilde D. 0737 Adela 0631 - 0656 Sigebert II 25 25 D. 0656 Himnechilde Brychan The ruler who gave his name to Brecknock Daughter Of Dyenwal Sister of King Cinbelin (Shakespeare's 'Cymbeline') Dyenwal D. 0547 Cynan D. ~0470 Cadell Aelis N.n. De Boulogne 1084 - 1136 Humbert III 'le Renforce' 52 52 Aimon II Aldesinde Of Nevers Melisinde De Montlhery D. 1131 Baldwin II Baldwin II (of Jerusalem), king of Jerusalem (1118-31), cousin and successor
of Baldwin I, with whom he participated in the First Crusade. In 1104 he was
captured by the Muslims, who detained him until 1108. After his election as
king, on the death of Baldwin I, he campaigned against the Turks, winning
control of Aleppo and Dimashq. Baldwin II was succeeded by his son-in-law
Fulk V the Young (1092-1143), count of Anjou. D. >1131 Morphia Of Melitene An Armenian princess ~1095 Margaret Of Schwarzenburg Mathilda Of Bavaria ~1050 - 1091 Boson I De Turenne 41 41 ~1055 - 1103 Gerberge De Terrasson 48 48 ~1060 Mathilda Of Burgundy ~1060 - 1103 Eudes I Borel 43 43 ~1012 - 1058 Estephania Of Barcelona 46 46 ~1012 - 1054 Garcia Sanchez Vi (III) 42 42 Killed battle of Atapueaca Lain Nunez Diego Lainez Castro Nuno Of Amaya Teresa Nunez De Amaya D. 0999 Bermudo II 'the Gouty' D. 1052 Elvira Garcez Of Castilla 1905 - 1968 Frank R. Schaumberg 63 63 1930 bank mortgage clerk in East Orange, NJ. 0994 - 1028 Alfonso V 'the Noble' 34 34 D. ~1008 Melindo Gonzales D. ~1022 Mayor Nu¤ez De Celanova ~0994 - 1052 Elvira Valdes 58 58 ~0950 - 1017 Sancho Garcia 67 67 ~0954 - 1025 Urraca Salvadorez Of Bureba 71 71 ~1015 - ~1039 Ximena De Leon 24 24 ~1030 Diego Rodrequez De Asturias D. 0994 Sancho Garces II Abarca D. >1005 Urraca Fernandez Of Castille Fernando Vermudez Elvira ~0932 - 0995 Garcia Fernandez 63 63 D. 0970 Ava Of Ribagorza D. >0994 Salvador Petriz D. 0955 Ordo¤o III Elvira D. ~0985 Gonzalo Menendez D. <0985 Ilduara Pelaez D. 0934 Nu¤o Gutierrez De Celanova Velasquita Nuno Lainez Engilona D. 0970 Garcia Sanchez I Andregota Galindez ~0893 - 0970 Fernan Gonzales 77 77 D. >1011 Urraca Garces D. ~0960 Ramon II Gersenda Of Fezensac Petrus Fernandez D. 0951 Ramiro II Teresa Florentina Gonzalo D. ~0959 Pelayo Gonzales Hermensinda Gutierrez Lain Fernandez ~0870 - 0925 Sancho I Garcia 55 55 ~0874 Toda Aznarez D. ~0922 Galindo I Aznarez D. >0919 Gonzalo Fernandez Munia D. >0950 Bernat- Unifred Tota Galindez ~0872 - 0924 Ordono II 52 52 Nuna Elvira Menendez Fernan Lainez Ximena Nu¤ez 0825 - ~0893 Aznar II Galindez 68 68 ~0830 Onnecas Inigo Fernando Nu¤ez Nuna Of Amaya Nu¤o Nu¤ez <0884 - >0920 Ramon I 36 36 Daughter Of Mutarrif 0848 - 0910 Alfonso III 'the Great' 62 62 D. >0910 Ximena Garces D. ~0943 Hermingildo Gutierrez Hermesinde Gatonez Flavio Lain Teresa Elvira De Amaya D. >0870 Llop Donat Daughter Of Raymond D. 0955 Fortun Garez Le Moine King of Navarre; King of Pamplona; abdicated 905. D. ~0867 Galindo I Aznarez ~0840 - 0889 Garcia II Iniguez 49 49 King of Pamplona. Urraca Ribilli De Sancorsa Heiress of Aragon. Mutarrif Ibn Lope D. 0866 Ordo¤o I Nuna Of Vierzo Gutier Elvira Gaton Nu¤o Nu¤ez Sulla Asura D. >0835 Donat Llop Facquilo D. ~0839 Aznar I Galindez D. 0888 Inigo Arista D. 0862 Lope Ibn Musa D. 0850 Ramiro I Paterna D. ~0825 Ermengild N.n. Diego Rodreguez Porcellos Asura Ansurez D. >0818 Llop Centull Mancio D. ~0820 Iniga Ximenez D. 0862 Musa II (Ben Qasi) Ausona Of Pamplona D. 0797 Bermudo I 'the Deacon' ~1907 William R. Bell 1930 bank bond clerk in East Orange, NJ. Ursinda Nunilona D. ~0850 Rodrigo D. >0816 Ximeno D. <0778 Musa I Ibn Fortun D. 0760 Fruela Of Bardalia Urraca Of Castile Fortun Ibn Qasi Pedro Lord of Biscay. Diego Rodreguez Paterna Qasi (Casius) Ervigio Of Spain Rodrigo Frolaz Sanchia Ardebasto Goda Athangildo D. 0585 Hermengild Duke of Baetica. D. 0585 Ingudnda Of Austrasia D. 0586 Leovigild Of Spain Theodosia Of Carthage 0535 - 0575 Sigebert I 40 40 0552 - 0613 Brunhild 61 61 Brunhild (550?-613), queen of the Frankish kingdom known as Austrasia (in present-day northeastern France and southwestern Germany), the daughter of Athanagild (reigned 554-67), king of the Visigoths in Spain. Brunhild was married to Sigebert I, the Merovingian king of Austrasia. Her sister Galswintha married Sigebert's brother Chilperic, ruler of the neighboring Frankish kingdom of Neustria. Fredegund, Chilperic's former concubine, caused Galswintha to be murdered; she then married Chilperic. Brunhild determined to avenge herself on Fredegund, and the annals of the next half century in Gaul are filled with the bloody deeds provoked by the enmity of the two women. Brunhild and her husband were successful until Sigebert was murdered in 575 at the instigation of Fredegund. Brunhild herself was captured by Chilperic, but she escaped, returned to Austrasia, and governed as regent in the name of her son, Childebert II. After the death of her son, she ruled Austrasia in the name of her young grandson. Finally, the armies of Austrasia were overthrown in 613 by Clotaire II of Neustria, son of Fredegund; the aged queen herself was taken captive. For three days she was subjected to insult and torture, then bound to a wild horse and dragged to death. Severginus Theodora Anthanagoldo Goisvintha ~0836 Fulguad Senegonde Of Toulouse Fredelon Bertha Of Autun ~0730 - 0793 Theuderic (Thierry) 63 63 Of the family of Exilarchs of the Jews at Babylon; sent to France at Charlemagne's of Pepin's request. ~0732 Auda Of France Habibai Ben Natronai D. 0739 Natronai Ben Nehemiah Daughter Of Hisdai D. 0665 Hisdai Shahrijar An exilarch is the head administrator of a Jewish community. ~0610 - ~0670 Bustanai Ben Hanini 60 60 An exilarch is the head administrator of a Jewish community. Izdundad Of Sasania Yezdegerd III Shahrijar (Kavadh II) 0590 - 0628 Khosrau (Chosroes) II Parves 38 38 Khosrau II, called Parvez ("the victorious") (died 628), Persian king of the
Sassanid dynasty (590-628), the grandson of Khosrau I. He was assisted in
gaining the throne by the Byzantine emperor Mauricius (circa 539-602) and,
in gratitude, restored to the Byzantine Empire many of the territories
conquered by his grandfather. When Mauricius was deposed and murdered in
602, Khosrau turned against Byzantium and for the remainder of his reign
waged war against that empire. He reconquered the territories restored in
592 and invaded most of southwest Asia, including Syria and Palestine. The
Persian armies captured Egypt in 616 and a year later advanced to Chalcedon,
opposite Constantinople. Intrigues and insurrections against Khosrau began
to arise in Persia, and the Byzantine emperor Heraclius took advantage of
this domestic weakness to defeat the Persian monarch in a campaign from 623
to 628. After this defeat, Khosrau was deposed and murdered by his son,
later Kavadh II (reigned 628). Sira D. ~0590 Hormouz IV D. ~0579 Khosrau I Anushirvan Khosrau I, called Anushirvan ("having an immortal soul") (died 579), Persian
king of the Sassanid dynasty (531-79), the son of Kavadh I (reigned
485-531). Khosrau I is considered one of the greatest kings of the ancient
Persian Empire. In a series of wars with the Byzantine Empire (531-32,
540-45, 571-76), he extended his domain to the Black Sea. Other military
conquests extended the frontier of Persia to the Indus River in the east and
from the Arabian Sea far into Central Asia. He was successful in all his
Byzantine wars until 576, when the forces of Emperor Justin II of Byzantium
(died 578) defeated the Persians at Melitene (now Malatya, Turkey).
Khosrau's military prowess was equaled by his administrative ability. His
reformation of the provincial administration and tax system, advancement of
industrial and commercial development, and encouragement of learning and
literature caused his reign to be known as the Golden Age in ancient Persian
literature. Khosrau himself became the central figure in many Persian
legends. D. ~0531 Kavadh I D. ~0484 Peroz D. ~0457 Yezdegerd II D. ~0438 Varahan (Bahram) V Gor D. ~0420 Yezdegerd I N.n. Of Babylon Shapur III D. ~0379 Shapur II D. ~0310 Hormuzd II D. ~0302 Narses D. ~0277 Shapur I D. ~0241 Ardashir I Ardashir I (flourished 3d century ad), king of Persia (224- 41), founder of
the Sassanid dynasty and grandson of Sassan, for whom the dynasty was named.
Ardashir's father made himself ruler of a district in Persia as vassal of
the Arsacid king of Parthia. After his father's death in 212, Ardashir took
over the district, killed his brothers, warred against neighboring vassals,
and, in 224, finally defeated the king of Parthia, Artabanus V (reigned
about 213-24), at the Battle of Hormuz. Ardashir then assumed the title of
king of kings and tried to rebuild a unified Persian empire after the model
of the ancient Achaemenids. He made Zoroastrianism the national religion,
built a new capital at Ctesiphon on the Tigris River, and, on the site of
the ancient city of Seleucia, built the city of Weh-Ardashir. His last years
were spent in unsuccessful wars against the Roman Empire. He was succeeded
by his son, Shapur I (reigned 241-72). Worshiped as a god in his own day,
Ardashir was later the subject of countless legends among the Persians. His
sculptured image, identified by an inscription in the Greek and Pahlavi
languages, was found on the site of Persepolis. Ziyanak (Mirud) D. ~0244 Artabanus V D. ~0208 Vologases V Fulcoald Nehemiah Ben Hanini Harar Papak Soshandukt An exilarch is the head administrator of a Jewish community. ~0990 Amelie D'aulmay ~1078 - 1122 Christina Of Sweden 44 44 Constantine Ix Monomachus ~0997 - 1056 Emund II 'the Old' 59 59 N.n. Of Sweden Ragvald Of Westergothland Astrid Of Halogaland D. 1066 Stenkil Ragvaldsson <1066 - 1112 Inge I Stenkilsson 46 46 Ragnhild ~0997 Gytha Of Denmark ’thelhelm ’thelfrith Eadric D. 0998 Ethelweard 'the Historian' Thegn of Sussex 973; Earlodorman of Wessex 974 D. ~1016 Ethelmaer Cild Thegn of Sussex. D. ~1007 Wulfroth Cild "Had Compton"; rebelled 1009 Lancelin I D. 1026 Herbert Eveille Chien D. ~1055 Dalmas I Killed by his brother-in-law Robert I of Burgundy. D. 1060 Arembourge De Vergy Niece of Bishop Azelind de Vergy, Bishop of Paris. Friedrich Artund Petronel Sister of Artaud, Bishop of Grenoble. D. >1100 Gauthier II Beatrice 1851 - 1913 Alexander Hamilton 61 61 In 1880 was living at 18 Robinson St., Allegeney, PA; occupation was listed as contractor. Source: 1880 US Census, Allegeny County, PA In 1900 was living on West 5th Ave., Corsicana, Texas; occupation was listed as oil tester (refinery). Source: 1900 US Census, Navarro County, TX In 1910 was living at 177 Boulevard, Houston Hieghts, Texas; occupation listed as Superintendent, oil co. Source 1910 US Census, Harris County, TX In 1902 built refinery in Corsicana, TX Built refinery in Port Arthur, TX for Teaxas Company.
May have had diabetes along with Dora

HOUSTON DAILY POST: MONDAY MORNING MAY 12, 1913
"Alexander Hamilton, 60 years old, died at his home, 171 Heights Boulevard, Houston Heights, Sunday morning. Mr. Hamilton was well known in the oil business, having been prominently connecyed with independent oil refining industries in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh nearly 40 years ago. He came to Corsicanna at the time of development there (c. 1895) and for several years was associated with Corsicana oil interests. During the past three years Mr. Hamilton was vice president of the Utah Oil Refining Company of Salt Lake City. Mr. Hamilton was born in Butler County, Pa. He is survived by Mrs. Hamilton, one son C. L. Hamilton and two daughters, Mrs. R. C. Holmes and Miss Marabelle Hamilton both of Houston. The funeral service will be held from the home at 4 o'clock this afternoon. The pallbearers wil be: H. F. Robinson, T. G. Donohue, G. L. Noble, C. F. Ireland, P. C. Sculli, all of Houston, and F. T. Manly of Port Arthur. The body will be shipped to Corsicana for burial by the Sid Westerman Company." ~1033 - 1112 Alberide De Burgundy 79 79 D. 1118 Hugh I D. <1103 Gabriel Govener of Melitene on the Upper Euphrates. D. 1078 Archambaud IV Philippine Of Auvergne D. 1097 Guillaume I ~1032 - 1102 Ida Of Saxony 70 70 D. ~1030 Louis I Adelaide D. 1022 Frederick 0953 - 0992 Charles 39 39 D. 0988 Godefroi 'the Old' D'ardenne D. 1008 Maud Of Saxony 0953 Bonne D'ardenne ~0972 - >1012 Ermengarde De Lorraine 40 40 Berenger ~0932 Robert I ~0968 - ~1011 Albert I 43 43 Frederunda Voiry Cunigunda D. 0943 Gonzelon Voda ~0942 - ~1013 Otto I 71 71 Ermengarde ~0930 - 1005 Godfrey 'the Captive' D'ardenne 75 75 0966 - 1003 Matilda De Bourgogne 37 37 Regnier Luitgard Of Chiny ~0870 Ermentrude Of France ~0911 - 0943 Gonzalon 32 32 D. 0963 Oda D. 0902 Eberhard I Amalrada Eberhard II Mathilda D. 0966 Eberhard III Eberhard III Adelaide De Vermandois ~1104 - 1176 Adelaide Von Wolfratschausen 72 72 Gebhard II D. 1020 Otto II Von Wolfratschausen Adelaide Von Ragensburgh Berthold II Henry Of Ragensburgh D. 0954 Arnulph II Died at siege of Rogensburg D. 0990 Berthold I 0940 - 1005 Beatrice Of France 65 65 ~0912 - 0984 Frederick I 72 72 Daughter Of Frederick I Frederick I Kuno Hemma Of Oeringen D. 1075 Frederick II D. ~0975 Albetic II Ermentrude De Roucy D. 1003 William De Montfort D. 1037 Robert D'evreux Herleve Hugh III Bertrade Of Norway 0914 - 0973 Harold II 'greypelt' 59 59 Atho (Athos) De Courteney French knight; Fortified Courteney ca. 1010 D. ~0954 Eric I 'bloodaxe' Gunnhild D. 0938 Harold I 'fairhaired' Harold I (of Norway), called The Fairhaired (circa 860-circa 945), king of Norway (circa 885-circa 940), the first to rule, at least nominally, the entire country. Harold inherited three small domains in eastern, central, and western Norway from his father, Halfdan the Black (flourished 9th century), and set out to conquer the rest of the country, spurred-according to the saga tradition-by the refusal of another petty king's daughter to marry him until all of Norway was under his sway. After many years of campaigning, during which the chieftains of western Norway offered the most stubborn resistance, Harold gained his final victory in the Battle of Hafrsfjord, which probably took place around 885, although it may have been some years later.
Once in power, Harold ruled with a strong hand and consolidated his realm. One result of his firm rule was the acceleration of the immigration that had begun shortly before to pioneer settlements in Iceland. Many chieftains also fled to the Western (British) Isles, from where they and their kinsfolk in the Orkneys, Shetlands, and Hebrides raided the Norwegian coast. Harold was
finally compelled to send a punitive expedition across the North Sea to flush out these Vikings. For the same purpose he entered into an alliance with King Athelstan of England; but he made no actual conquests. In his old age Harold abdicated in favor of his eldest legitimate son, Eric Bloodaxe (895?-954), who was deposed by his half brother Håkon I after a few years of misrule. Schwanhild Asfurs Tote Of Hologaland D. 0860 Halfdan 'the Black' ~0830 Regnhild Of Sogne Eystein Glumra Halfdan Guldand 'gold Tooth' Mistawri Hilda Of Vestfold Eric Arnarsson Dag Of Vestmare Harold 'ridskeg' Alfhilde Alfheim Of Vingulmark D. ~0780 Sveide 'the Viking' Hildois Valdarsson D. ~0802 Halfdan 'the Old' Ivar Oplaendigne 1854 - 1934 Julia Lytle 80 80 1900 listed with her sister Belle.
1930 wd, none, with William and Marabell Woods, Houston, TX. Klak Harold Thorny Sigurd Hiort D. 0885 Frotho Vi ~1255 Madog 'fychan' Madog ~1262 Gwenellian Verch Ithel ~1421 John Harrington ~1413 John Bosville ~1409 - ~1456 Ralph Anne 47 47 ~1413 Grace Goldsborough ~1383 Alexander Anne ~1387 Agnes Grammarye ~1357 William Anne ~1361 Alice Haringell ~1361 Henry Grammarye ~1331 John Anne ~1335 Isabella Mallory ~1335 Robert Haringell ~1339 Margaret St. George ~1305 Richard Anne ~1309 Isabella Brough ~1309 John Mallory ~1313 William St. George ~1279 Thomas Anne ~1283 Jane Riseam ~1283 Thomas Brough ~1253 Edmund Anne ~1257 Thomas Riseam Urracca Of Italy ~0967 - 1015 Gonzelon I 48 48 1103 - 1151 Adelicia Of Brabant 48 48 ~1102 - 1176 William 'strong Hand' D'aubigny 74 74 ~1075 - 1139 William D'aubign‚ 64 64 ~1080 Maud (Mary) Bigod ~1040 - 1108 Roger D'aubign‚ 68 68 ~1054 Amice De Mowbray ~1140 - 1193 William D'aubigny 53 53 1254 - 1309 John V Le Strange 55 55 ~1251 - >1309 Maud D'eiville 58 58 ~1226 - 1276 John IV Le Strange 50 50 ~1233 - 1282 Joan De Somery 49 49 ~1225 Roger D'eiville ~1194 - ~1269 John III Le Strange 75 75 ~1210 - 1294 Lucy Tregoz 84 84 ~1205 - 1273 Roger De Somery 68 68 ~1195 - 1240 Nicole D'aubigny 45 45 ~1168 - ~1237 John II Le Strange 69 69 ~1172 Amicia ~1151 - 1210 Ralph De Somery 59 59 ~1160 - >1242 Margaret Fitzgilbert 82 82 ~1142 - 1178 John Le Strange 36 36 ~1146 Hawise ~1125 - <1195 John De Somery 70 70 ~1129 - 1208 Hawise Paganel 79 79 ~1096 - <1158 Roland Le Strange 62 62 ~1100 Matilda Le Brun ~1100 Ralph Paganel 1048 - 1105 Guy Le Strange 57 57 ~1074 Ralph Hunstanton ~1076 Helewisa Plaiz ~1060 Fulk Paganel ~1074 Beatrice Fitzwilliam ~1022 Hoel Le Strange ~1026 Hawsie ~1020 William Paganel ~1044 William Fitzansculf ~1014 Ansculf ~1402 John Peck ~1426 Isobel Lacy ~1417 Richard Peck ~1421 Margery Haselden ~1396 John Lacy ~1394 Thomas Peck ~1398 N.n. Bradley ~1371 Richard Peck ~1375 N.n. Saville ~1345 Richard Peck ~1349 N.n. Brunning ~1319 John Peck ~1323 N.n. Wemborne ~1299 John Peck ~1300 N.n. Flemming ~1279 John Peck ~1283 N.n. Carre ~1257 Thomas Peck ~1261 N.n. Littleton ~1236 Thomas Peck ~1213 John Peck ~1217 N.n. Waterford ~1191 Robert Peck ~1195 N.n. Musgrave Ansoud Daughter Of Leutharius Leutharius Gerberge Of Franconia Erchenaud Richemir D. 0655 Gertrudis 1797 - 1855 William Hamilton 58 58 Immigrated to Baltimore arriving 31 May 1829; Granted natuarlization papers 06 Oct 1837; operated a shoe shop in Callery, PA; buried at Old Union United Presbyterian Church. Gerulf I D. 0810 Nordolah Alfbad Poppo Rodbar Rorik Great-grandson of Rurik, Skioldung prince at Lethra. Daughter Of Ethelbert D. 0762 Ethelbert II Ethelbert, 552-616, king of Kent from 560, was the first Christian Anglo-Saxon ruler in England. He married Bertha, a Christian Frankish princess, and in 597, ’thelbert himself was converted by the missionary Saint Augustine of Canterbury. Ethelbert issued a code of laws (c.600) that is the oldest surviving document in Old English. D. 0725 Wihtred Cynegyth D. 0673 Ecbert I D. 0664 Earconbert Saxburga Brynhild Gandalf Thrond Daughter Of Eystein Eystein Glumra D. ~0710 Hogne 0880 - 0940 Hugues I 60 60 Matfrid Matfrid II Son Of Matfrid D. ~0926 Matfrid III ~0885 Hildegarde Of Metz ~0885 Gerhard ~0910 - 0966 Eberhard IV 56 56 ~0915 Bertha Of Metz ~0956 - 1034 Adalbert II 78 78 ~0969 Judith Of Luxembourg 1863 - 1936 William Hamilton Wallace 72 72 1900 physician in Allegheny, PA.
1920 single, doctor, medical, Callery, PA

WILLIAM H. WALLACE, physician and surgeon, was born in the borough of Butler, May 10, 1863, eldest child of Dr. Thomas C. WALLACE. After receiving a common school education, he attended Western University, at Allegheny, and later the Polytechnic Institute of the same city. In the meantime he had commenced to read medicine with his father, and attended lectures at the Cleveland Medical College, from which institution he graduated. He practiced with his father until October, 1890, when he located at Callery, where he has since been engaged in the duties of his profession. Dr. WALLACE was married February 12, 1889, to Rachel DONNELL, a daughter of James DONNELL, of Allegheny. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics, a Democrat. He is connected with the K. O. T. M. and the Jr. O. U. A. M. 1864 - 1960 Edwin Sherman Wallace 95 95 In 1839 was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as consul to Jerusalem, served as US consul to Palestine from 1893 to 1898; wrote the book "Jerusalem, the Holy"; served for six years as chaplain of the Pennsylvania state senate.

1910 minister in , Lower Merion, Montgomery, PA.
1930 minister in Pittsburgh, PA. 1868 Frank Musgrove Wallace At time of father's death he was treasurer of the Pittsburgh Coal Company and President of the 2nd National Bank of Erie, PA.

1910 bank president, living with in-laws, Erie, PA.
1920 bank president, Erie, PA.
1930 president, bank, Erie, PA. 1870 - 1954 Thomas Cushing Wallace 84 84 1900 physician, Allegheny, PA.
1920 doctor, medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 physician, general practice, Pittsburgh, PA. 1873 Charles Frederick Wallace 1900 dentist in Allegheny, PA. 1874 - 1878 John Wallace 4 4 1880 - 1966 Grace Hamilton Wallace 85 85 1900 living with father.

Name: Grace W. Grubbs
SSN: 182-36-0883
Last Residence: 15230  Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 26 May 1880
Died: 15 May 1966
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1962 ) 1867 - 1944 Anna Frances Beers 76 76 Name: MCCANDLESS, ANNA FRANCES
Social Security #: 0
Sex: FEMALE
Birth Date: 13 May 1867
Birthplace: PENNSYLVANIA
Death Date: 20 Mar 1944
Death Place: SANTA BARBARA
Mother's Maiden Name: HAMILTON
Father's Surname: BEERS 1868 - 1878 James Beers 10 10 1872 - 1878 Elizabeth Beers 6 6 1874 - 1878 Catherine May Beers 4 4 1876 - 1971 Mary Hamilton Beers 95 95 Name:    BEAR, MARY H
Social Security #:    549289111
Sex:    FEMALE
Birth Date:    14 Feb 1876
Birthplace:    PENNSYLVANIA
Death Date:    30 Nov 1971
Death Place:    SANTA BARBARA
Mother's Maiden Name:
Father's Surname: 1872 - 1873 William Henry Gilleland 1 1 1882 Edwin Crawford Gilleland 1918 Seatlle, WA.
1920 draftsman, school board, Seattle, WA.
1930 electrical engineer, power plant, Seattle, WA. Olaus II Thyra Of England Ulfhild (Gisela) Of Denmark D. 1071 Ortholf (Ordulph) ~1110 - 1171 Lewis I 61 61 ~1120 - >1175 Agnes Von Metz 55 55 D. <1141 Arnulf V Agnes Von Rieneck Arnulf IV Gerhard Berthe ~1090 Folmar V ~1097 - >1135 Mathilda Of Dagsburg- Moka 38 38 D. 1111 Folmar IV ~1023 - 1058 Pierre 35 35 D. >1058 Ermesinde Of Longwy ~1000 - 1048 Adalbert III 48 48 ~1005 - 1065 Giselbert 60 60 D. 1040 Hugh Vi Von Egisheim Mathilda Von Moka ~0980 - 1049 Hugh IV 69 69 ~0980 Heilwig Of Dagsburg Albert ~0958 - 0984 Hugues III 26 26 ~0962 Berlinda Lewis D. 1075 Folmar III D. <1075 Spanehilde D. <1028 Folmar II Gerberge Of Verdun D. <0995 Folmar I Berta D. ~1078 Emmo IV Irmengard Von Hornes D. >1050 Giselbert I Luitgard De Namur Otto D. ~0995 Gerberge Godfrey Folmar Of Worms 1818 - 1911 Frances "Fanny" Staples 92 92 1910 wd, none, with William & Susan Cashdollar.

Buried: Old Union United Presbyterian Church.

Frances lived to be just short of 93 years of age. Four of her children lived fairly closed, but the other four removed to far places. Mary Hamilton Beers moved to California; Alexander Hamilton went south; Belle McNeal Irvine journeyed to Colorado; and Frederick McNeal also moved to California. Richilda Folmar D. 1156 Otto Von Wittelsbach D. 1170 Heilika Von Lengenfeld D. 1107 Otto II Von Scheyern D. >1120 Richardis Von Weimar D. 1110 Frederick D. 1110 Sigena Von Liege D. 1071 Otto I Von Scheyern Died enroute to Jerusalem D. 1104 Haziga (Hadagunda) Von Diessen D. 1070 Ulrich (Udalrich) N.n. Von Liege Henry Von Schweinfurt N.n. Of Swabia D. 1017 Henry Von Schweinfurt Gerberge ~0927 - 0987 Rudolph II 60 60 D. 1020 Itha Of Oehringen 0921 - 0980 Berthold I Von Babenburg 59 59 D. 1015 Eiliswinta Von Walbeck Herbert Ermentrude ~0933 - 0980 Guelph II (Welph) 47 47 Kuno Of Oehringen D. 0999 Richilde Ermengarde D. 1044 Poppo I Azzica (Azzeb) Of Friuli D. 1039 William II D. <1068 Oda Von Ostmark D. 1051 Berenger Of Friuli D. 1064 Wilbergis Of Ebersberg D. 1003 William I D. 1030 Thietmar II Rainhilda Von Beichlingen Goswin Von Liege D. 0986 Lothaire II Mathilda Von Arneburg Rudolph I Gerbergus D. 0963 William Poppo II Poppo I D. 1015 Gero Adelaide D. 0978 Dietmar I D. 1014 Suanhilde Of Saxony Christian D. 0969 Hidde Poppo Of Thuringen Billung ~1839 Elizabeth Hamilton Three children; died of consumption. ~1840 Martha E. Hamilton 1910 wd, own income, mother of 5, 3 still living, with Elizabeth. ~1842 - 1877 Sarah "Sadie" Hamilton 35 35 1870 School teacher in Allegheny, PA.
Cause of death: consumption; never married. ~1851 Mary Jane Hamilton 1870 School teacher in Allegheny, PA.
Died young. ~1844 William J. Hamilton 1870 Jeweller in Allegheny, PA.
Married; had no children. 1838 - 1917 Jane Adams 79 79 1900 wd, Crafton, PA. 1839 - 1861 Alexander H. Adams 21 21 1841 - 1932 Catherine Adams 90 90 1900 none, with Jane, Crafton, PA.
1920 none, Crafton, PA.
1930 none, Crafton, PA. 1843 - 1890 William John Adams 47 47 1845 - 1895 Hugh Adams 49 49 1849 - 1873 Elizabeth Adams 24 24 1838 - 1914 John Patrick Hamilton 75 75 1870 Book keeper for R.R. depot in Pittsburgh with parents.
1880 R/R clerk in Allegheny, PA.
1900 in Pttsburgh, PA.
1910 In Pittsburgh, retired, living with Anna Gibbs. ~1840 Margaret Hamilton 1844 - 1921 Elizabeth "Lisa" J. Hamilton 77 77 1910 none, with Sarah, Exeter Twp, Fillmore, NE.
1920 Living with Sarah in Omaha, NE.
died young; never married. ~1844 - 1864 Melinda Hamilton 20 20 Cause of death: tuberculosis ~1847 Eleanor "Ellen" Hamilton 1870 Public school teacher in Pittsburgh, with parents. ~1849 - 1927 Robert Lincoln Hamilton 78 78 1870 Clerk in Depot in Pittsburgh, with parents.
1880 clerk, railroad, Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 R/R clerk in Emsworth, PA.
1920 in Pittsburgh, PA. 1855 Sarah Agnes Hamilton 1870 Cashier in Pittsburg, with parents.
1880 in Allegheny, PA.
1900 Dressmaker in Exeter, NE.
1910 wd, Exeter Twp, Fillmore, NE.
1920 wd, none, Omaha, NE.
1930 in Omaha, NE.
married; family out west. 1857 William Erskine Hamilton 1900 Book keeper in Knoxville, PA. 1860 - 1939 James A. Hamilton 79 79 1880 Dry good store salesman in Allegheny, PA, with parents.
1900 commercial transp., St. Joseph, MO.
1910 Omaha, NE
1920 commercial trucker, Omaha, NE.
1930 salesman, wholsale millnery, Omaha, NE. 1854 - 1934 Lydania Frances Robinson 80 80 1910 mother of 7, 5 still living.
1930 wd, none, with Ada. James Hamilton Erskine Hamilton 1846 - 1910 Sarah Eleanor Merledge 64 64 1900 Mother of 8, 5 still living. ~1876 - ~1923 Charles Merledge Hamilton 47 47 Died at age 47 years Alice Martem 1786 - 1861 Job Staples 75 75 Dexter, Franklin Bowditch, Biographical sketches of the graduates of Yale College : with annals of the college history
New York: H. Holt and Co., 1885-1912, 4752 pgs.

Biographical Sketches, 1808                         229

JOB STAPLES, the eighth child and fifth son of the Rev. John Staples (Princeton 1765) and of Susannah (Perkins) Staples, of Westminster Parish, in Canterbury, Connecticut, was born on August 23, 1786. Two brothers were graduated here in 1797 and 1809 respectively. His father died some months before he entered College.
He taught school for a short time in Chester, Orange County, New York.
In 1816 he settled in Cranberry, a township in the southwestern corner of Butler County, Pennsylvania, about fifteen miles northwest of Pittsburgh, where the rest of his life was spent on a farm.
He died in Cranberry, in September or October, 1861, in his 76th year.
By his wife, Susan, a native of the vicinity, he had five sons and eight daughters.
AUTHORITIES. Perkins Family, pt. 3, 38. 1872 - 1923 Minnie Estella Hamilton 51 51 1861 - 1954 Marlinda Margaret Marsh 93 93 1930 wd, none, with Frank. 1887 - 1916 Effie M. Hamilton 28 28 Never married. 1888 - 1955 Frank B. Hamilton 67 67 1920 farmer, general farm, with parents.
1930 farmer, general farm, Forward Twp, Butler, PA.

Invalid from crippling disease. 1890 - 1977 Walter Marsh Hamilton 87 87 1920 auto mechanis, auto factory, with parents. 1895 - 1974 Edward Dale Hamilton 79 79 1920 clerk, steel ?, with parents.
1930 farmer, general farm, Forward Twp, Butler, PA. 1894 - 1989 Rena Peters 95 95 1922 Dale Eugene Hamilton 1929 - 1930 Mona May Hamilton 9m 9m Living Hamilton 1897 - 1990 Florence Brown 93 93 1927 Betty Margaret Hamilton Living Hamilton Living Hamilton Living Harbusch Living Hamilton Living Hamilton Living Hamilton Living Hamilton Living Moesta Living McGraw Living Green N.n. Of Galicia Paule Du Maine Geoffroy De Gastinois Rolbold II D'arles D. 0868 Bernard I D'auvergne Luitgarde ~0821 - 0886 Bernard II D'auvergne 65 65 D. 0856 Guerin De Chƒlons ~0804 Avane ~0825 Ermengarde D. 0920 Raculfe De Macon Etolane De Macon D. 0911 Mayeul De Narbonne Raymonda D. 0948 Alberic I De Narbonne D. 0971 Letalde I De Macon Richilde ~0940 - 0997 Ives I De Belesme 57 57 ~0944 Godchilde De Ponthieu Hildeburge De Belesme Simon De Chƒteau Du Loire Hardouin D. 1092 Boso II De Chastellerault D. 1136 Aimery I De Chastellerault Dangerose D. 1075 Hugues I De Chastellerault Gerberge De La Rochefoucauld D. 1012 Boso I De Chastellerault Amelia D. 1037 Foucould I De La Roche Gersinde D. ~1030 Regnier V Maud Of Lorraine Hermann Maud Of Dasbourg Louis Of Dasbourg 1334 - 1368 Pedro I 'the Cruel' Alfonsez 33 33 Peter the Cruel (Spanish Pedro el cruel) (1334-69), king of Castile and León
(1350-69), the son of King Alfonso XI, born in Burgos. Peter owes his
sobriquet "the Cruel" to his ready use of murder and execution to eliminate
his political opponents, including, reportedly, several of his ambitious
half brothers. His principal conflict was with his older half brother, Henry
of Trastamara, who also claimed the throne. Henry enlisted the aid of King
Charles V of France, who in 1365 sent troops through Spain under the command
of Bertrand Du Guesclin. Overthrown, Peter left the country and requested
aid from Edward III of England, at that time engaged in fighting the Hundred
Years' War with France; Edward sent an army commanded by his son Edward,
prince of Wales, known as the Black Prince. The forces of Peter and Edward
defeated those of Henry, the French, and other allies at the Battle of
NÏjera in 1367, and Henry fled to France. Political differences between
Peter and Edward resulted in the latter's withdrawal from Spain with his
army. Henry then hastened back and with Du Guesclin's help engaged Peter and
his supporters in a civil war. Peter was defeated and killed at Campo de
Montiel in 1369; Henry assumed the throne as King Henry II. D. ~0880 Nu¤o (Belchides) Of Leon N.n. Of Castile Nu¤o Fernandez Adelreco Of Gascony Munia ~0897 Sancha Sanchez Nu¤a De Lara Adele Of Holland Hildeburge De Beaumont ~0915 Fulk De Belesme Rolais D. 1028 Guillaume I De Belesme ~0969 Maud De Ganelon D. 1147 Guy II De Ponthieu Ida 1052/53 - 1131 Robert II De Montgomery ~1060 - 1103 Agnes De Ponthieu 43 43 ~1030 - 1101 Guy I De Ponthieu 71 71 ~1034 Ada D'amiens D. 1052 Hugues II De Ponthieu Berta D'aumale D. 1045 Enguerrand I De Ponthieu Guirinfroi D'aumale Hermengarde D'auvergne Hugues I De Ponthieu Gisele Of France 0779 - 0853 Angilbert 74 74 0795 - 0883 Nithard 'the Chronicler' 88 88 ~0816 - 0864 Helgaud I 48 48 D. ~0878 Herlouin I D. 0926 Helgaud D. 0945 Herlouin II D. 0987 Roger D. 0965 Guillaume I De Ponthieu D. 0981 Hilduin De Ponthieu Hersende D. ~0923 Fernando Gonsalez De Lara 1797 - 1859 Susanna Hays 62 62 Sancha Gonsalo Tellez De Lara Nu¤a De Amaya Tello Tellez Argonata De Lara Nu¤o Rodriguez Tello Of Galicia Gonsalo Fruela D. ~0762 Rodrigo Frolaz Sancha ~1012 - 1061 Geraud I 49 49 ~1040 Tetburge Von Rheinfelden D. 1060 Maud Of Germany D. 1080 Rudolph Of Rheinfelden Cuno Of Oeningen D. 0999 Richilda Richilda Of Oeningen D. 1016 Cuno Of Rheinfelden Beatrice De Valperge Rency Arsende D. 0650 Tassilon II D. 0695 Grimaldo I D. 0728 Grimaldo II Veletrude ~0700 - 0741 Suanhilde Of Bavaria 41 41 ~0728 Landrade Sigirami D. 0778 Gunderland 0570 - 0596 Childebert II Of France 26 26 D. 0596 Failende 0586 - 0613 Theodebert II 27 27 D. 0609 Bilichidis ~1020 - 1088 Alberic III 68 68 ~1070 - 1116 Aumondis De La Marche 46 46 Ponce ~1080 - ~1122 Raymond I De Turenne 42 42 ~1120 Margret De Turenne ~0980 Beatrice Of Normandy Guillaume De Turenne Matilde D. ~1030 Ebles De Turenne Fulk De Limoges D. ~0876 Adalbert De Limoges Adaltrude 0865 - 0940 Eldegaire II De Limoges 75 75 D. 0988 Geraud De Limoges Radulf De Brosse Rotilde De Brosse Almode De Limoges Gerfroy De Charroux Sulpice De Charroux D. 0968 Boso I De La Marche Gersinda Emme De Perigod D. 0995 Adalbert I De La Marche ~0730 - 0812 St. William 82 82 ~0770 - >0804 Guiburic 34 34 ~0695 - 0722 Gui Of Trier 27 27 ~0730 - ~0783 Lambert 53 53 D. 0927 Ermengaud De Rouerge Adelaide Hugues I De Quercy Gudinidle Hugues II De Comborn D. 0992 Archembaud II De Comborn D. ~0980 Bernard I De Turenne Deda Sulpice De Turenne Ardueno De Canavese D. 1158 Guido De Canavese Tetone De Saluzzo Elena De Ventimiglia Manfredo De Saluzzo Gerberga De Saluzzo Guy De Valperge Adzon De Visconti Beatrice De Visconti 1743 - 1804 John Staples 60 60 A.B. College of New Jersey (later Princeton) 25 SEP 1765; Ordained 17 APR 1772 Pastor Second Congregational Church (Westminster Society), Canterbury, CT; Buried Westminster Congregational Church. Albert Of Geneva Eldegarde ~0966 - 0991 Manfred I 25 25 Prangaida Of Reggio D. 0588 Ella Acha Of Deira D. 0559 Ida Bearnach D. 0594 Ethelric D. 0617 Ethelfrith Eanfrith Brother of Saint Oswald. N.n. Of The Picts Daughter Of Eanfrith Sister of Talotcan, King of the Picts. Domnall D. 0663 Garnard D. 1118 Gerard I Of Guelders D. 1134 Ermengarde Of Zutphen Louis Of Arnstein Judith Of Arnstein D. 1089 Godachalk Adelheid Of Zutphen D. 1113 Otto II Of Zutphen N.n. Of Molsberg D. 1092 Gerard III Of Wassenberg D. 1031 Ludolph Of Zutphen Maud Of Zutphen Tugor Kahn (Tergahe Cawn) Of Polawzes N.n. Of Kiev Mstislav Vladimirski Theodul Synadenos ~1100 - 1154 Islaslav II 54 54 N.n. Of Argyra Thrando Of Sula ~0907 Gunhild Astrid Of Sandnes ~0975 Edla Niall Of Sandnes D. 0612 Gundwald D. 0661 Aripert I D. 0662 Godepert Reginpert Of Turin D. 0712 Aripert II Of Turin Petrussa Of The Lombards D. 0700 Vislas I D. 0724 Aribert I Of The Obotrites Mandana Billung Of The Obotrites Hildegarde D. 0798 Billung Of The Obotrites Jutta D. 0811 Mieceslas Of The Obotrites Antonia D. 0840 Rodigastus Of The Obotrites D. 0864 Mistui I Of The Obotrites 1753 - 1810 Susannah Perkins 57 57 Buried: Grove Street Cemetery. D. 0934 Mieceslas I Of The Obotrites Eric Of Pluffow Daughter Of Eric <0934 - 0985 Mistui II Of The Obotrites 51 51 Converted to Christianity 973 and settled in Mecklenburg. Poppo II Of Istria D. ~1040 Weriguad Of Istria Wiliburg Of Geisenheim ~0990 - >1051 Luitgard Of Istria 61 61 Wichburg Of Saxony D. <1025 Engilbert II Adela N.n. Of Chiemgau Albuin Von Juan Hildegarde Hartwig Frederick Englebert D. 1039 Eberhard Von Spondheim Hedwig Von Nullenburg ~1000 - 1065 Sigfrid Von Spondheim 65 65 ~1008 - 1064 Richarda (Richardis) Von Lavant 56 56 ~1030 - 1096 Engelbert I Von Spondheim 66 66 Bernard Von Flinsbach Cecilia ~1040 - 1112 Hedwig Von Flinsbach 72 72 Richardis Von Spondheim D. 1128 Sophia Of Istria Ropold I Of Andech Frederic I Of Andech Cuningunda Of Wohlfartshaussen Arobo Of Andech Adelheid Frederic II Of Andech Cunigunda Of Oeningen Leopold Of Andech D. 1104 Arnold Of Andech >0900 - 0950 Adalbert III 50 50 Oberto I D'este Boniface I Of Spoleto Guilla Of Spoleto Riprandi (Wiprand) 0947 - 1014 Oberto II D'este 67 67 Ralende (Railende) D. 1035 Olric Manfred D. 1037 Bertha (D'yvres) D'este D. 1078 Ermengarde Di Suza ~1000 - 1057 Otto III Von Schweinfurt 57 57 D. 1100 Gisela Von Schweinfurt D. 1150 Berthold I Of Andech 1096 - 1151 Berthold IV Of Meraine 55 55 Agnes De Rotlechs D. 1188 Berthold V Of Meraine D. 1174 Hedwig Von Formbach- Puttin 1699 - 1778 Seth Staples 79 79 Deacon of first church in Taunton; died of smallpox; buried Soper Farm Cem. Williams Street, Taunton, MA D. 1114 Wilibirg Von Steirmark D. 1140 Eckbert II Of Formbach ~0915 - 0971 Eberhard III 56 56 0937 - 0991 Mangold I 54 54 0970 - 1041 Eberhard IV 71 71 Hedwig D. 1075 Eberhard 'the Blessed' Poppo I Of Laufen Arnold Of Laufen Ida Von Alshausen Adelaide Von Nellenburg Henry Of Laufen Adalbert Von Sommerschenburg D. ~1088 Oda Of Groseck D. ~0922 Bernard I Hermann II Von Werl Henry II Von Werl ~1005 - 1063 Bernard III 58 58 ~1043 Ida Von Werl Adelaide Von Laufen D. 1120 Frederick I Von Sommerschenburg Oda Von Walbeck D. <1104 Goswin I ~1090 - 1167 Goswin II 77 77 ~1100 - ~1180 Aleidis Von Sommerschenburg 80 80 Albert Von Ravenstein ~0773 - 0807 Wittekind 'the Great' 34 34 Svatana Of Saxony Wittekind II Theodoric Of Rochlitz Juliana ~0793 - 0850 Thiadmark Von Wettin 57 57 ~0900 - 0957 Dedo Von Wettin 57 57 ~0794 Bossena Von Plessen ~0875 Otto Of Raveningen ~0902 Willa Of Raveningen ~0925 - 0970 Dietrich I Von Wettin 45 45 Bion Of Merseburg D. >0976 Jutta Von Merseburg D. 0985 Dietrich I Of Haldensleben D. 0982 Gonthier Of Merseburg ~0930 - 0977 Pabrowka Of Bohemia 47 47 ~0950 - 1009 Dedo I Von Wettin 59 59 Thetburge Of Haldensleben 0922 - 1002 Echard I Of Meissen 80 80 ~0976 - 1034 Dietrich II Von Wettin 58 58 Mathilda Of Meissen D. 1083 Otto I Von Northeim Richenza D. 1252 Alonso Tellez II De Menses D. ~1242 Maria Anez De Lima D. 1252 Rui Martinez De Henestrosa Elvira Carillo ~1220 - 1252 Pedro Riuz De Henestrosa 32 32 Fortun Ortiz De Zu¤iga Teresa De Rada ~1225 - 1300 Maria De Zu¤iga 75 75 D. 1300 Gonzalo Perez De Henestrosa 1703 - 1744 Hannah Standish 41 41 Buried: Summer Street Cemetery D. 1250 Diego Gonsalez De Ceballos Maria Ordon De Aza ~1230 Gonsalo Diaz De Ceballos Martin Antolinez De Hoces Goda Galindez De Hordesuela ~1230 Antolina De Hoces Teresa De Ceballos Fernan Gonsalez De Henestrosa D. 1223 Fruela Ramirez De Cifontes Sancha Fernandez De Tovar ~1196 - 1240 Ramiro Fruelas De Cifontes 44 44 ~1200 - 1246 Diego Fruelas De Cifontes 46 46 Martin Gomez De Silva Urraca Ruiz De Cabrera ~1200 Aldonza Martinez De Silva D. 1234 Gonsalo Ruiz II Giron ~1160 Sancha Rodriguez De Lara ~1200 Aldonza Gonzalez Giron D. >1253 Arias Diaz De Asturias Aldonza Ramirez De Alcenices Maria Arias De Asturias Cadelon III Of Aubnay Ramon De Pallars Valencia Acibella Garcia Sanchez Aminiana D. 1154 Ermengaud Vi De Urgel Arsende De Ager Estephania De Urgel Pedro De Azazuri Toda Perez De Azazuri Christina Pedro De Asturias D. ~1050 Rodrigo Diaz De Asturias D. 1011 Gundemaro ~1005 Fernando Gundemariz D. 1107 Elvira Of Castile Liubigotona Of Spain Alfonso I Of Cantabria ~0499 - 0531 Clotilde Of France 32 32 D. 0531 Amalaric D. 0601 Recared Of Spain D. 0610 Clodoswindis Of France D. 0631 Suintilo Of Spain Sisibuto Of Spain Theodora Of Spain Sisalda D. 0789 Mauregato Of Leon Alonso De Braga Marquesa Creosa De Braga Hermengild D. ~0863 Mendo Hermengildez D. ~0910 Hermengild Mendez Hermensinde De Aldana Gutierre Arias De Celanova Ilduara ~0715 Leuthergis ~0739 Bertha Milo Of Angleria D. 0777 Roland 'the Palain' Valdo Diaz De Valdes Faralando Flora Valdes D. 0900 Diego Valdes D. ~0930 Garcia Diaz Valdes Nunila Ximena Of Navarre Fruela II Of Leon D. ~0940 Ordono 'el Ciego' D. 0955 Alfonso Ordonez Justa D. 1011 Rodrigo Alfonso Gonia 1672 - 1755 Ebenezer Standish 83 83 Gonsalo Fernandez Nu¤a Of Amaya D. ~1034 Fernan Gonsalez De Aza Nu¤o Gutierrez De Solrado D. ~1024 Nu¤a Nu¤ez De Solrado Garcia Fernandez De Aza Orondo Maria Ordonez D. 1087 Garcia II Garciez De Aza Ladron Velez De Guevara Gontrode De Asturias Fernan Garcia De Aza D. 1103 Gonsalo Nu¤ez De Lara 1633 - 1655 Mary Dingley 21 21 ~1020 - 1109 Gonsalo Salvdores 89 89 ~1024 - 1109 Sancha 85 85 Goda Gonsalez De Salvdores Teresa Gonsales Giron Teresa De Mauleon D. ~1143 Vera Landron De Guevara Urraca Alfonsez Sancha Garcias Juan Velez De Guevara Alvaro De Arazuri 1658 Martha Standish Maria Alvarez De Arazuri Teresa Yanez De Guevara Goda Gonsalez De Lara Nu¤o Rodrequez De Guzman Elvira Gonsalez De Manzanedo D. 1156 Rui Nu¤ez De Guzman Maria Ruiz De Guzman Estephania Giron Gutierre Fernandez De Aza Rodrigo Gutierrez De Buelna 1662 Miles (Myles) Standish N.n. De Buelna D. 1194 Rodrigo Gutierrez De Ceballos D. ~1198 Gonsalo Ruiz De Ceballos <1670 Josiah Standish D. ~1064 Oveso Cesaviz D. ~1079 Gotina Garcia ~1064 - 1130 Bermudo Uvequiz 66 66 Aldonza Ordonez D. ~0923 Fernan Ansurez D. ~0998 Diego Gonsalez ~1675 Isreal Standish Guisualdo Leutina Ximena Aznar Fruelez Fruela Aznares Pelay Fruelas 'el Diacono' Elvira Pelayez Pedro Pelayez D. ~1111 Pelayo Pelayez De Cisneros Maria Diaz De Moncon 1680 Samuel Standish Ansur Diaz De Moncon Ansur Perez Juliana Cifontes Juliana Ansures De Moncon ~1070 Diego Ansures De Cifontes Mayor Gonsales Maria Pelayez De Cisneros Sancho Garcias D. 1105 Alfonso Bermundez Fruela Diaz ~1685 Mercy Standish 1679 - 1759 Hannah Sturtevant 80 80 Constance Estephania Sanches D. 1180 Pedro Alfonso Maria Fruela Pedro Arnulfo De Miranda D. ~1160 Pelayo Perez D. ~1163 Maria Arnulfo De Miranda ~1685 Lois Standish Fernan Pelayez D. ~1153 Martin Fernandez De Hita Maria Martinez De Hita Rui Gonsalez De Ceballos Maria De Pallars Lope Garciez De Alagon Topa Lopez De Alagon Pedro De Azagra D. ~1140 Rodrigo Perez De Azagra Fernan Ruiz De Azagra 1659/60 Mary Standish Teresa Fernandez De Azagra Ximena Gomez De Carrion Maria Rodrequez De Asturias Urraca Diaz De Cifontes D. ~1090 Alvaro Rodrequez De Asturias Maria Pelayez De Cisneros Diego Alvarez De Asturias D. 1115 Diego Ruiz De Velasco Sancha Diaz De Velasco Tiella Diaz De Asturias 1653 James Carey Fortun Sanchez De Najera Toda Ortiz De Najera D. 0930 Lope Ortiz Fortunez Nu¤a Gonsalez D. 0981 Nu¤o Lopez Velasquita Sanchez Lope Nu¤ez Usendo Alboazar D. ~1076 Inigo Lopez D. 1093 Lope Inequez 1670 Sarah Carey D. 1134 Diego Lopez D. 1111 Gomez Gonsalez Salvdores Diego Gomez De Sandoval D. ~1042 Ordo¤o Ordo¤ez De Lemos Urraca De Aza Maria De Lemos D. 1127 Fernan Diaz De Sandoval D. 1150 Alonso Ramiras Nu¤o Diaz De Henestroso Elvira Gil De Ansurez ~1683 Elizabeth Richards Rodrigo Nu¤ez De Henestroso D. 1227 Martin Ruiz De Henestroso Rodrigo Fernanda De Sandoval Gutierre Ruiz De Sandoval Inez De Rada Mayor Gutierrez De Sandoval 1706 Elizabeth Standish Garcia Gomez Carillo 1709 Miles Standish D. ~1117 Inigo De Zu¤iga Teresa Sancha De Zu¤iga 1711 Amy Standish Maria Alverez De Castro Fernando Garcia Rodrigo Fernandes De Castro 'el Calvo' D. 1071 Pedro Fruelas De Trava Mayor De Urgel Estephania Perez De Trava Rodrigo Gomez De Sandoval Elvira Prudence Standish Gonsalo Rodrequez De La Bureba Rodrigo Gonsalez De La Bureba Aldonza Rodriquez De Castro D. 1170 Lope Diaz Diego Lopez Pedro Ruiz De Azagra Toda Perez De Azagra Fernan Perez De Trastamare Sancha Gonsalez De Lara D. ~1154 Gonsalo Fernandez De Trastamare 1709 Jerusha Fuller 1627 - 1702 Alexander Standish 75 75 Freeman of Duxbury 7 JUN 1648; member of Grand Inquest there 1658; Town Clerk 1695-1700. Rodrigo Alvarez D. ~1164 Elvira Rodriquez D. 1189 Arias Peres De Saavedra Itana Nu¤ez De Baticela Fernan Dias De Saavedra Bermudo Perez De Trastamare Urraca Of Portugal Teresa Bermudez De Trastamare D. ~1164 Gomez Gonsalez De Trastamare Maria Fernandez De Saavedra 1710 Simon Huntington Maria Gomez De Trastamare Pedro Ruiz De La Bureba D. 1215 Inigo Ortiz Toda Dias De Biscay D. 1212 Pedro Ruiz De La Bureba Alfonso Urracca Alfonso D. 1230 Diego Lopez De Zu¤iga Urraca Perez De Bureba D. 1239 Lope Ortiz De Zu¤iga 1754 Amy Huntington Osurio Gutierrez Egilona Ervigio Of Spain Cixila D. 0701 Egika Of Spain D. 0710 Witika Of Spain D. ~0714 Sisibuto Atulpho D. ~0760 Theudo Ildonca Menendez 1711 Jacob Sawyer Gutierre Osoriz D. ~0941 Adosinda Gutierrez D. 0967 Sancho I Ramirez 1670 Mehitable Standish Teres Fernandez De Moncon D. 0982 Ramiro III Sanchez 1679 Elizabeth Thatcher Sancho El Vellos De Cabrera ~0968 - ~0997 Fruelo Beremudez De Trastamare 29 29 Sancha Rodrequez Monina Fruelez De Trastamare Rodrigo Vellosa De Cabrera 1683 Deborah Gates D. ~1088 Osorio Gutierres De Cabrera Urraca Martin Osoriez Pedro Ansurez Ella De Semur Mayor Perez De Valladolid D. ~1100 Pedro Rodriquez Vellosa Rodrigo Perez Vellosa Elvira Rodrequez Vellosa D. 1139 Rodrigo Martinez De Osorio 1711 Deborah Standish Fernan Garcia Estephania Urraca Fernandez De Castro Osorio Rodriquez De Torono Elvira Osoriez De Lemos Ramiro Fruelaz De Campos N.n. De Navia Rodrigo Alvarez De Tovar D. 1179 Alvar Rodrequez De Tovar 1713 Samuel Standish D. 1215 Fernan Alverez De Tovar Pedro Paez De Ambia Maria Fernandez De Gundiaez Gutierre Pelayez De Silva 1716 Lois Standish Maria Perez De Ambia Juan Ramiriez De Montor Suero Guedas Bayham 1716 Abigail Standish 1629 - 1674 Sara Alden 45 45 Turner, Violet Main, Alden genealogy
New York: The Alden Kindred of New York City and Vicinity, 1935, 273 pgs. Pelayo Gutierrez De Silva Sancha Anez De Montor Nu¤o Suarez Vello Elvira Touriz D. 1170 Gomez Paez De Silva Urraca Nu¤ez Vello Ponce De Gerona Letgarde De Pallars Guerao Ponce Ponce Guerao 1719 Sarah Standish Pedro Bermudez De Minerva Ermengarde De Montpellier Everosa De Minerva Alfonso Of Astorga Elvira Gomez De Carrion Inez Alfonso De Astorga Fernando Rodrequez De Cabrera Elvira Rodrigo Fernandez De Cabrera Pedro Ponce De Minerva 1721 Israel Standish Ramiro Fruelas De Cifontes Estephania Ramirez De Cifontes Elvira Ponce De Minerva D. 1133 Gonsalo Pelayez D. ~1145 Rodrigo Gonsales Giron D. 1102 Ermengaud V De Urgel Maria Perez De Valladolid Estephania De Urgel D. 1156 Gonsalo Ruiz I Giron D. 1195 Rodrigo Gonsalez Giron 1724 - 1798 Thomas Standish 73 73 Private in Revolutionary War from MA Source: DAR Patriot Index D. 1130 Pedro Gonsalez De Lara Eva Perez De Trava D. 1177 Nu¤o Perez De Lara Mayor Nu¤ez De Lara 1122 Rodrigo Rodrequez De Lara Garcia De Azagra Gil (Egidias) De Rada Teresa De Beumont D. ~1150 Ordo¤o Garciez De Najera 1683 Ralph Wheelcock Maria Garcia De Villamayor Diego Ordo¤ez De Aza 1659 Hugh Calkins Boniface Lancia Bianca 1154 - 1198 Constanza Of Sicily 44 44 Adalberto II Of Tuscany Adalberto III Of Tuscany 1685 John Sprauge Aleramo I Di Montferrat Helen Of Verona D. 0998 Anselmo I Di Saluzzo Gisela Of Tuscany Conrad I Di Ventimiglia Anselmo II Di Saluzzo Enrico Adelina Guiditta Rochilde 1726 Abigail Brown Conrad II Di Ventimiglia Adela Anselmodis Di Saluzzo Adelaide Di Savona ~1031 - 1101 Roger I De Hauteville 70 70 Roger I (circa 1031-1101), Norman conqueror of Sicily. Born in Normandy, Roger
joined his elder brother Robert Guiscard in southern Italy (1057), helping him
to win control of that region from the Byzantines. In 1061 he and Robert
captured the Sicilian town of Messina from its Muslim rulers, and over the
next three decades Roger gradually extended Norman power at the expense of the
various Muslim states on the island, completing conquest of Sicily in 1091.
While Robert was alive, the brothers shared control of both Sicily and the
Italian mainland; after his death in 1085, Roger made himself ruler of Sicily,
leaving the other Norman domains to Robert's son, Roger of Apulia. He adopted
the title of count and was made papal legate in Sicily by Pope Urban II in
1098. Roger introduced Catholicism into Sicily but was tolerant of his Muslim
and Greek Orthodox subjects. His son, Roger II, founded the kingdom of Sicily. 1095 - 1154 Roger II De Hauteville 59 59 Roger II (1095-1154), first king of Sicily (1130-54), who created a state in
which Arabs, Greeks, Italians, and Jews lived together in peace and in which
the arts and letters flourished. The second son of Roger I, the Norman
conqueror of Sicily, Roger succeeded his brother Simon as count of Sicily in
1103. When his cousin Duke William of Apulia died, Roger laid claim to that
duchy; by 1129 he had compelled the Norman barons on the Italian mainland to
acknowledge him as their ruler. In 1130 he adopted the title of king of
Sicily, with sovereignty also over the southern Italian regions of Apulia,
Calabria, Capua, and Naples, establishing a monarchy that survived for more
than seven centuries. He was recognized as king by Pope Innocent II in 1139.
Roger made his court at Palermo one of Europe's foremost cultural centers, and
he erected throughout Sicily numerous buildings that were a striking blend of
Norman, Arabic, and Byzantine architectural styles. Beatrice De Rethel Gauthier De Rethal 1719 Rufus Rood Beatrice De Namur Flavius Juliana Paulus Of Arabisso Joanna Pedro Augusto D. 0419 Wallia D. 0481 Theodorick I Of Spain D. ~0400 Winithar D. 0409 Wandalar ~0950 - 1024 Gerard Of Alsace 74 74 1722 Dorcas Bellows ~0954 Eva Of Luxembourg Heinrich Of Verdun Daughter Of Conrad 1762 Silas Standish 1584 - 1656 Myles Standish 72 72 Myles Standish was born probably in Lancashire, England, probably in the vicinity of Chorley and Duxbury.  There have been several attempts, generally unsuccessful, to place his origins on the Isle of Man, but the weight of the historical evidence leans towards the more probable Lancashire origin.

Myles Standish is alleged to have joined Queen Elizabeth's army and attained the rank of Lieutenant, but the documentation for this claim was lost in the 1920s without having been published or transcribed, so may be suspect.  In any case, Standish was certainly a part of Queen Elizabeth's army, and was stantioned for a time in Holland where he eventually met and became well acquainted with John Robinson and the Pilgrims who were living in Leiden.  Standish was hired by the Pilgrims to be their military captain, to establish and coordinate the Colony's defense against both foreign (French, Spanish, Dutch) and domestic (Native American) threats.

Standish led or participated in all the early exploratory missions sent out to explore Cape Cod, and was heavily involved in selecting the site where the Pilgrims would settle.  He was one of the few who did not get sick at all the first winter, and is recorded as having greatly helped and cared for those who were sick.  He organized the deployment of the colony's cannons and the construction of the fort at Plymouth.  He led both trading expeditions and military expeditions to the various Indian groups in the region.  He led the party that went in pursuit of the alleged killers of Squanto (who was later discovered to be safe).  He led the revenge attacks on the Indians in the Massachusetts Bay after they were caught in a conspiracy planning to attack and destroy the Plymouth and Wessagussett colonies; several Indians were killed or executed, for which Standish received some criticism, even from his friends, for being too heavy-handed.

Standish was heavily involved in numerous aspects of Plymouth Colony, from defense to keeping the law.  He was on the receiving end of John Billington's verbal wrath in 1621 (Billington refused to follow the captain's orders), and was called a "silly boy" in a letter that was sent out during the Oldham-Lyford scandal of 1624, and was noted for his short stature and for his quick temper.  He was sent to arrest Thomas Morton in 1628, for which he received the nickname "Captain Shrimp" from Morton.  William Hubbard reported Standish's temper was like a "chimney soon fired".

Despite the heavy criticism by his enemies, Standish was well respected within the Plymouth Colony, and held a number of positions of authority.  He made several trips to England to bring trading goods back and to negotiate with the Merchant Adventurers who had financially sponsored the joint-stock company that funded the Pilgrims' voyage.  In the mid-1630s, Standish moved his family and helped found the town of Duxbury, which may have been named after his ancestral home.  Standish was an heir to a fairly sizeable estate in Lancashire, but his lands were lost during the English Civil War, and neither he nor his son Alexander were ever able to legally regain control of the estate.

Myles Standish's first wife Rose came with him on the Mayflower, and died the first winter.  His second wife, Barbara, arrived on the ship Anne in 1623, and they were apparently married before the year was out.  Nothing is known about either of his wives: there is absolutely no indication they were his cousins, as has sometimes been claimed.

Standish lived out his later years in Duxbury, dying in 1656 "after his suffering of much dolorous pain," apparently from kidney stones. Beala Of Hohenworth ~0765 Irmentrudis Of Swabia Asa D. 0744 Gerold Of Mayence Marozie ~0769 - 0846 Bonifacio II Of Tuscany 77 77 1764 Levi Standish D. 0884 Bertha Adalbert I Of Lucca 1012 - 1075 Dedo II Of Lausnitz 63 63 Adelaide Grimelda (Maria) Of Hungary D. 0959 Pietro III Candiano Arcielda 1766 Sarah Standish Maria Candiana 0960 - 1009 Pietro III Orseolo 49 49 0923 - 0994 Leopold I 71 71 Ernst Of Sualafed Richenza Henry I Of Austria 1768 Dorcas Standish D. 1030 Otto Orseolo D. 1059 Adele Orseolo D. 1055 Adelbert Of Schweinachgau ~0995 - 1026 Sancha Sanchez 31 31 ~0995 - 1035 Berenger Raymund 40 40 D. 0990 Guillaume II Arsinde Boso V Of Provence Daughter Of Boso D. 0948 Rotbold II D'arles 1724 Content Ellis Borel Of Ansona Raoul Of Anson Sunifred Of Urgel Bellon Of Carcassonne Erminsinde Of Carcassonne D. 0954 Richilde D. 0992 Borrel II Of Barc Luitgarde Of Toulouse ~0972 - 1019 Raymond III Borrell 47 47 ~0810 - ~0836 Louis Eliganius 26 26 1746 Hannah Standish Richilde ~0830 - 0877 Oliba II 47 47 ~0766 Adeleme Of Poitiers ~0860 - 0934 Alfred Of Carcassonne 74 74 ~0864 Adelaide D'auvergne ~0902 Arsinde De Comminges Asnarius De Comminges ~0898 - 0957 Arnaud I De Comminges 59 59 ~0975 - 1058 Ermensinde De Carcassone 83 83 Urraca Garcias 1748 Israel Standish Garcia Ordo¤ez De Aza Martin Diaz De Sandoval D. 1108 Garcia Fernandez De Villamyor 1750 Elisha Standish Mayor Perez De Carrion Maria Garcia De Villamyor D. 1176 Diego Martinez De Villamyor Maria Ponce De Minerva D. 1017 Eudes De Rasez Raymonde II De Rouerge 1751 Jonas Standish Berthe Ermegaud D'alby Gersende Amelia D'alby D. 1010 Ermengaud I Of Urgel 1009 - 1040 Ermengaud II Of Urgel 31 31 Constantia 1033 - 1065 Ermengaud III Of Urgel 32 32 Meron Gerberto Guila 1753 Nathan Standish Adelaide (Clemence) Luciana De Rasez 1756 - 1847 Amasa Standish 91 91 Private during Revolutionary War. Source: DAR Patriot Index 1590 - 1659 Barbara Allen 69 69 1734 Sarah Williams 1762 Maria Slingerland 1762 Ester Hull D. ~0899 Osario Gutierrez Urraca Nu¤ez D. ~0941 Gutierre Osoriez 1764 Eunice Fellows Aldonza Of Tuy D. 0980 Osorio Gutierrez El Santo Nu¤o Osoriez D. ~0990 Gutierrez Osoriez Pelayo Sancha Pelayez Urraca Nu¤ez D. 0466 Theodorick II Of Spain N.n. Of Spain 1764 Eunice Chapman D. 0460 Maidra Of Galicia Remismond Of Galicia Hermirik II Remila II Rekiar II D. 0570 Theodemir I D. 0583 Ario Miro N.n. Of Galicia Ariomito De Deza Severino 1764 Susan Fitch Arseciunda D. 0712 Melendo Areo De Deza Ilduara De Riba De Nevra Sancho Mendez De Deza Evancio Brother of Saint Eugenius Reciberga Cheteno Nu¤o Sanchez De Dezabaldana Sorred Fernandez Elvira Sorred 1746 Benjamin Fillmore Arias Nu¤ez 'el Godo' De Dezabaldana Aldara Osotez Mendo Arias De Dezabaldana Urraca Ansurez Arias Mendez De Aldana D. ~0926 Sarracino Sylez Mayor Sarracinez 1747 Lydia Smith Aurembiaz De Aza D. 1071 Fruelo Perez De Trava Briolania D. 1126 Pedro Fruelas De Trastamare 1751 Mary Chapman Arias Diaz De Atranga Fruelo Arias Urraca Frolaz Atranga D. 1195 Pedro Ruiz De Guzman Uncle of Saint Dominic. 1749 Esther Smith 1958 - 1996 John August Brhely 37 37 Maud Elvirƒ De Manzanedo N.n. Gundemarez 1754 Zerviah Smith Rodrigo De Guzman D. ~1040 Nu¤o Rodriquez De Guzman Ordo¤o Bermudez Pelayo Rodriquez Fromilde Pelayez Ximena Of Leon D. 1086 Rodrigo Nu¤ez De Guzman Diego Nu¤ez Elvira Diaz 1768 - 1828 Asa Standish 59 59 Private in Revolutionary War. Source: DAR Patriot Index D. ~1120 Gonsal Gomez De Manzanedo D. 1164 Manrique Gonsalez De Lara D. 0924 Franco De Narbonne D. 0915 Suniaite II De Roussillon Erscende De Roussillon D. 0933 Odon De Narbonne Richilde De Barcelona D. ~0970 Manfred De Narbonne D. 0990 Adelais Of Alby D. ~1018 Raymond I De Narbonne 1765 Rebecca Sherwood Hugues De Rodez D. ~1032 Richarde De Rodez D. 1066 Berenger De Narbonne D. 0990 Oliba Cabreta D. 1020 Bernard Taillifer De Bezalu Toda (Adele) Of Barcelona 1614 Susanna Smith Gersende De Bezalu D. ~1078 Bernard De Narbonne D. ~1010 Raymonde III De Rouerge Richarde De Milhaud D. ~1053 Hugues De Rouerge Foi Foi De Rouerge D. 1105 Aimeri I De Narbonne Maud De Hauteville D. 1134 Aimeri II De Narbonne 1660 Thomas Standish Hermensinde Hermensinde De Narbonne Mayor Manriquez De Lara Alvar Fernandez De Aza D. ~1062 Nu¤o Alvarez De Aza Gomez Nu¤ez De Aza Gomez Gonsalez De Manzanedo Maria Rodriquez Vellosa Ortiga D. 0965 Alboazar (Andonio) Ramirez ~1635 Lydia Standish Zadan Zada Godino Elena Godez 1665 Mary Church Trastamare Alboazar Gonsalo Nu¤ez Mendola Gonsalez D. ~1040 Gonsalo Trastamarez De Maya Rodrigo Bermudez Menzia Rodrequez Mendo Gonsalez De Maya Leonguido Suarez Bayham Gonsalo 'el Lidiador' Mendez De Maya Eg„s Monez Ogasco ~1694 Thomas Standish Toda Hermiquez Alboazar Leonata Venegas Ogasco Gocoy 'el Nonnato' Munia De Novelas ~1696 John Standish D. ~1000 Echigas Gocoy Fernando Ansurez Nu¤o Mayor Diaz Suaro De Novelas Aragonta Suarez De Novelas Gomez Echigas N.n. De Saboya Martin Fernandez De La Toro ~1698 Eunice Standish Living Brhely Gontrada Mu¤iz De La Toro D. ~1090 Egas Gomez De Sousa Gontina Gonsales De Maya D. 1130 Mendo Venegas De Sousa D. ~1035 Fernando Gonsalez De Marnelo Urraca Gonsalez D. 1127 Teresa Fernandez De Marnelo D. ~1180 Gonsalo Mendez De Sousa Teresa Of Portugal Sancha Gomez De Sousa 1701 Josiah Standish Sancho Nu¤ez De Barbosa Urraca Sanchez De Barbosa Mendo Gonsalez De Sousa Mujahid Ben Yusuf Was an enfranchised slave, born at Cordova; became King or Governer of Denia and Almeria, and conquered and became King of the Balearic Isles in 1015. D. ~0960 Arnoldo Garcias Lopa Sanchez D. ~0940 Dato II D. 0947 Raymund Of Bigorre Gersinda 1705 Hannah Butler D. ~1000 Arnold I (Arnaud) Of Bigorre D. 0819 Luop IV Centulle D. 0820 Donat Loup Agnes De Vemandois D. <0969 Aleramo Di Liguria D. <1014 Anselmo II Di Savona D. 1000 Gisela Of Tuscany 1735 John Standish D. ~1035 Otberto I Di Savona Olderico Di Ramaznano D. 1062 Otberto II Di Savona Beatrice Di Ramaznano D. 1064 Bertha Di Suza D. <1064 Teto II Di Savona Bonifacio I Di Savona Vasto Almode De Toulouse 1735 Josiah Standish D. 1085 Guillaume III De Montpellier Ermengarde De Melguer D. 1121 Guillaume V De Montpellier 1739 Hannah Standish D. 1079 Raymund I De Melguer Beatrice D. ~1090 Pierre De Melguer Ermensinde De Melguer Daughter Of Thibault Milon I De La Ferte 1742 James Standish Guillaume De Gometz Lisiard De Sceaux Ansaud I 'la Riche' N.n. De Dijon D. 0958 Raingarde D. <0954 Raingarde De Dijon 1727 Jonathan Porter Bodo I D. 1028 Landry IV Mathilde Of Lombard ~0993 - 1040 Renaud I 47 47 ~1000 - 1063 Adelaide Of France 63 63 ~1030 - 1100 Guillaume I Of Nevers 70 70 ~1598 - 1687 John Alden 89 89 John Alden appears to have originated from an Alden family residing in Harwich, Essex, England, that was related by marriage to the Mayflower's master Christopher Jones.  He was about 21 years old when he was hired to be the cooper, or barrel-maker, for the Mayflower's voyage to America.  He was given the option to stay in America, or return to England; he decided to stay.

At Plymouth, he quickly rose up from his common seaman status to a prominent member of the Colony.  About 1622 or 1623, he married Priscilla, the orphaned daughter of William and Alice Mullins.  They had their first child, Elizabeth, around 1624, and would have nine more children over the next twenty years.  John Alden was one of the earliest freemen in the Colony, and was elected an assistant to the governor and Plymouth Court as early as 1631, and was regularly re-elected throughout the 1630s.  He also became involved in administering the trading activities of the Colony on the Kennebec River, and in 1634 witnessed a trading dispute escalate into a double-killing, as Moses Talbot of Plymouth Colony was shot at point-blank range by trespasser John Hocking, who was then shot and killed when other Plymouth men returned fire.  John Alden was held in custody by the neighboring Massachusetts Bay Colony for a few days while the two colonies debated who had jurisdiction to investigate the murders.  Myles Standish eventually came to the Bay Colony to provide Plymouth's answer in the matter.

Alden, and several other families, including the Standish family, founded the town of Duxbury in the 1630s and took up residence there.  Alden served as Duxbury's deputy to the Plymouth Court throughout the 1640s, and served on several committees, including the Committee on Kennebec Trade, and sat on several Councils of War.  He also served as colony treasurer.  In the 1650s, he build the house at left, in Duxbury, which still stands today.  By the 1660s, Alden's frequent public service, combined with his large family of wife and ten children, began to cause his estate to languish, so the Plymouth Court provided him a number of land grants and cash grants to better provide for his family.  Throughout the 1670s, Alden began distributing his land holdings to his surviving sons.  He died in 1687 at the age of 89, one of the last surviving Mayflower passengers. ~0920 - 0993 Gui II Of Tonnerre 73 73 Adela ~0950 - 0998 Milon IV Of Tonnerre 48 48 1601 - >1680 Priscilla Mullins 79 79 One of the first Pilgrims to be married in America. ~0990 - 1039 Renaud Of Tonnerre 49 49 ~0994 Hervise ~1030 - ~1080 Ermengarde Of Tonnerre 50 50 ~1624 - 1707 Elizabeth Alden 83 83 Living Couppee ~1029 - 1085 Artaud V De Forez 56 56 ~1033 Ida ~1148 - 1192 Hugues III Of Burgudy 44 44 1165 Andre Guigues Vi Beatrix De Montferrat Ida De Vienne D. 1190 Humbert II De Coligny ~1620 - 1707 William Pabodie 87 87 1649 - 1728 Mercy Pabodie 79 79 ~0870 - 0950 Fortun Zuria 80 80 Aurea Teresa Pelayez Diego Fernandez De Carrion Gomez Diaz De Carrion Urracca Osoriez Cristina Pelayez 1647 - 1715 John Simmons 68 68 Alfonso Ralph Picot 1669 - <1739 John Simmons 70 70 ~1090 Robert De Ferrers ~1010 - 1089 Walkeline De Ferrers 79 79 ~1020 Goronwy Ap Ednowain ~0979 Eva Verch Gergant Ynyr Ap Cadfarch 1671 - 1765 William Simmons 94 94 Rheingar Verch Lluddocaf ~1000 - 1046 Alan Of Brittany 46 46 ~1034 - ~1094 Emma De Normandy 60 60 ~1030 Robert (De Brussi) De Brus 1679/80 - 1720 Abigail Church Arnoul De Picqugny ~0949 Touroude De Harcourt Lancelot De Bricquibec Drew De Baalun Daughter Of Robert De Essex 1007 - 1071 Robert De Essex 64 64 Concubine 3 Concubine 2 Ada De Hugelville 1697 - 1768 Mercy Simmons 71 71 Renaud I De St. Valerie Emma De St. Valerie Bernard I De St. Valerie Gilbert De St. Valerie Herlouin De Hugleville ~0935 Concunbine 1 D. 1057 Guillaume D'eu Gui Of Soissons Regenald D. ~0950 Archard De La Ferte 1699 William Simmons D. 1003 Nocher I De Bar-Sur- Seine Giselbert Of Soissons D. 1047 Adelaide D. >1019 Nocher II De Bar-Sur- Aube Aelis Of Soissons Renaud Of Soissons Aelis (Adelayde) De Roucy D. 1066 Aelis (Adelaide) Of Soissons N.n. De Turqueville 1700 Lydia Simmons Ansohetil De Harcourt D. 1057 Lanceline De Harcourt D. >1076 Guillaume D'eu Lithuise De Troyes D. 1118 Miles 'le Grand' De Montlhery Elizabeth De Montlhery Sybilla 1701 Joseph Simmons Living Couppee D. ~1079 Thibaud I De Dampierre D. 1110 Thibaud II De Dampierre Gui I De Dampierre ~1060 Andre De Baudmont ~1064 Agnes De Braine D. 1165 Helvide De Baudmont 1704 John Simmons ~1145 - 1195 Helvide De Dampierre 50 50 ~1150 - 1180 Vulgrin III De Taillefer 30 30 Ponce De Lusignan D. 1060 Hugues V De Lusignan ~1039 - 1110 Hugues Vi De Lusignan 71 71 1706 Abigail Simmons Geoffrey III De Rancon Fossessie Raoul I De Thouars Aldearde De Thouars D. ~0967 Hugues III 'le Blanc' De Lusignan Arsendis D. ~1030 Hugues IV 'le Chiliarque' De Lusignan D. 1181 Agnes De Montfort 1708 Rebecca Simmons Isabeau De Meulan Maurice II De Craon Amury I De Craon D. 1222 Guillaume Des Roches Marguerite De Sable Jeanne Des Roches ~1220 Isabel De Craon Guillaime De Fougeres Agatha De Humet ~1184 - 1222 Geoffroi De Fougeres 38 38 1709 Mary Simmons D. 1231 Eudes III De Porhoet Marguerite ~1184 Maud De Porhoet D. 1256 Raoul III De Fougeres 1712 - 1788 Benjamin Simmons 76 76 D. 1020 M‚en I De Fougeres D. 1048 Alfred De Fougeres D. 1092 M‚en II De Fougeres D. 1124 Raoul I De Fougeres Henri De Fougeres 1716 - 1796 Mercy Taylor 80 80 Olive De Penthievre D. 1194 Raoul II De Fougeres Jeanne De Dol D. 1139 Geldouin I De Dol Noga 1735 Peter Simmons 1736 - 1775 Cornelius Simmons 39 39 1739 Benjamin Simmons D. ~0986 Ramelon II De Crequy Alice D'oisy D. ~1007 Baudouin De Crequy D. 1038 Henry I De Louvain Maud Of Lorraine Marguerite De Louvain Anne De Crequy 1742 Samuel Simmons Suhard De Craon D. ~1030 Guerin De Craon Bertha De Craon Martin I De Vitre Ruivallonde De Vitre Genergan De La Vicaire Trestan De Vitre 1744 - 1821 Hannah Simmons 76 76 Ennoguende De Fougeres Robert De Vitre Ennoguende De Vitre Hugh De Chantoce Elvira Tiphanie De Chantoce D. 1098 Robert De Nevers Avise De Sable Renaud De Craon 1747 Abigail Simmons Maurice I De Craon Hugues De Craon Isabel (Marquise) Ivar- Deinlaus D. 0896 Sigtryoor D. 0940 Harold I D. 0989 Godfred I Harold 'the Black' D. 1092 Godfred II D. 0551 Echoaid 1750 Ivory Simmons D. 0577 Aodh D. 0601 Vadhach D. 0649 Raghalach 1753 Mercy Simmons ~1105 Adelhyde Geoffrey Murdac Juliane Murdac Hugh IV De Monfort Adeline De Beaumont 1868 - 1942 Edwy Rolf Brown 73 73 BROWN, EDWY ROLFE (1868-1942). Edwy Rolfe Brown, oilman, son of John A. and Isabel (Shaw) Brown, was born in Little Hocking, Ohio, on December 4, 1868. He attended Marietta Academy and received a B.A. degree from Marietta College in
1894. From 1894 to 1898 he worked for the Standard Oil Company of New York, first as yardman and later as superintendent of the refinery. He moved to Texas with Joseph Stephen Cullinanqv in April 1898 and established a refinery at Corsicana. In 1901 or 1902 Brown became general manager of the Corsicana Refining Company, the Corsicana Pipe Line Company, and the Corsicana Petroleum Company; in 1911 he became vice president of the Magnolia Petroleum Company and in 1914 moved to Dallas as general manager. He was director and vice president of Standard Oil Company of New York from 1925 to 1929 and chairman of the board after 1932. He was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas from 1930 to 1935 and was city commissioner of Dallas in 1931-32. He served as president of the Dallas Chamber of Commerce, as a director of the Southwestern Life Insurance Company and of the Gulf Insurance Company, and as trustee of the University of Dubuque and of Marietta College in Ohio. He was one of the organizers of the Texas Centennialqv Central Exposition in Dallas in 1936. On November 14, 1900, Brown married Nelle Loraine Hamilton; they had one daughter. Nelle died in 1911. On April 30, 1913, Brown married Florrie Bess McCrery. He died in New York City on January 25, 1942, and was buried in Grove Hill Cemetery, Dallas.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Who's Who in America, 1938-39. Dallas Morning News, January 28,
1942. 1874 - 1950 Ralph Clinton Holmes 76 76 President of Texas Company 1930's; of Binghamton, NY
1917 Houston, Texas City Directory, 1917 Vice president and manager refining department, The Texas Company (Inc). res: 815 Hadley av :
1920 V.P. of Texas Co. Manhattan, NY.

PRESIDENTS OF INDIAN REFINING COMPANY, INCORPORATED
RALPH C. HOLMES (ALSO PRESIDENT OF THE TEXAS CORPORATION)
14 JANUARY 1931 - 24 APRIL 1933

The OLEANDER REVIEW & OUTLOOK
OLEAN
1922-1923

Mark M. Holmes, especially qualified by business experience and financial ability, was born in Sharon Township, Potter County, Pa., January 8, 1876. He came to

Page: 39

Olean’s Banking Institutions ~ Continued

Olean as a boy with his parents and went to school in this city. He worked for two years in order to provide the money to go through high school and graduated from the Olean High School in the class of 1895. In the same graduating class were his two brothers, Ralph C. Holmes, now vice-president of the Texas Oil Co., and Earl D. Holmes who is in the hardware business in Caspar, Wyo.

ChevronTexacoDayOneBrochure
1918
The Texas Co. employees Ralph Holmes and Fred Manley develop the first commercial process for the synthetic production of gasoline from heavy oil. 1888 William Oscar Woods 1930 salesman, insurance, Houston, TX. ~1130 - ~1182 Thomas Basset 52 52 ~1134 - >1186 Alice De Dunstanville 52 52 1756 - 1841 Ichabod Simmons 85 85 ~1158 - 1217 Alan Basset 59 59 ~1159 Alice De Gai ~1172 Aline Basset 1173 - 1216 Drew De Montagu 43 43 ~1010 Manasses De Dammartin Constance ~1070 Hugues II De Dammartin ~1074 Rothride ~0920 - 0997 Conrad Of Swabia 77 77 Jutta 1761 Ruth Simmons ~0959 - <0995 Richilde Of Metz 36 36 ~0965 - 1032 Dietrich I (Thierry) 67 67 ~1000 Hildegarde D'egisheim ~0975 - 1026 Frederick II De Bar 51 51 ~0988 Mathilda Of Swabia ~0987 Eberhard V Thibaut Sconehilde ~0960 - >1022 Louis I De Mousson 62 62 ~0990 - >1028 Richwin (Richuris) 38 38 1782 Dianna Simmons ~1019 - ~1071 Louis II De Mousson 52 52 ~1020 - ~1092 Sophia De Bar 72 72 ~1045 - 1115 Thierry II (Thibaud) De Mousson 70 70 ~1012 - 1075 Gerard III 63 63 ~1016 Petronilla Of Verdun D. ~0910 Eudes De Gournay Hugh De Gournay Renaud De Gournay Alberada Hugh I De Gournay 1785 George Pearce Simmons ~0998 - 1074 Hugh II De Gournai 76 76 ~1026 - 1093 Hugh III De Gournai 67 67 ~0980 Gerard Flaitel ~1026 Basilia Flaitel D. 1104 Gerard De Gournai ~1084 - 1096 Edith De Warrene 12 12 ~1073 - 1129 Thomas De Coucy 56 56 ~1080 - >1147 Melisinde De Crecy 67 67 ~1112 Millicient De Coucy De Maria ~1091 - 1180 Hugh IV De Gournai 89 89 1787 Caleb Simmons 1715 Ichabod Simmons D. 1217 William De Montagu Isabel ~1122 Philip Fitzrobert ~1138 N.n. De Berkeley 1716 - 1807 Peleg Simmons 90 90 Rhys Vychan Griffith Hir Efa Ednyfed 1717 Mary Brownell Sionet Verch Rhiwallon Rhys Sais Tudor De Whittington Sionet Ranulphus De Whittington Ingelric Peverel Maud Peverel Miletta De Whittington 1741 - 1833 Thomas Simmons 91 91 ~1080 - 1150 Geoffroy II De Dinan 70 70 Radegonde D. ~1154 Joyce De Dinan Hawise De Dinan D. ~1100 Fulk I ~1743 - <1769 Martha Hart 26 26 Warine II D. 1219 Fulk II Fitzwarine ~1160 - 1231 Robert Vavasour 71 71 ~1164 Juliana De Ros Llywarch Gam Letitia Verch Gwerystan Elizabeth Manchester D. 1045 Hamon De Creully Killed in Battle. ~0967 - 1047 Hamon De Creully 80 80 ~0971 - 1035 Godchild De Belesme 64 64 ~1089 Agnes De Gant ~1082 Magdaline ~1060 Nigel Of Chester Geoffrey Of Brittany Kadwidge Of Normandy ~1025 Emma Of Brittany ~1020 Ebon De Contentin 1761 - 1841 Ichabod Simmons 80 80 ~1040 Lucia Of Mercia D. 1094 Ivo De Tailboys Elstrude De Flanders Sigefred 'the Dane' Heloise De Bec Grimald Of Monaco Crispina Crispin De Bec Gilbert Crispin 1764 - 1846 Anna Thomas 82 82 Fulk D'anjou Gunnore D'anjou Elise Crispin Robert Malet Philippa Malbeck ~1156 Thomas Basset 1787 Mahalah Simmons D. 1307 Margaret De Grey Beatrice De St. Liz William De St. Liz Henry De Grey Hawise D. 1306 Ralph Fitzbarnard Agatha De La Lee 1788 Burgess Thomas Simmons D. 1078 Pietro De Maurienne D. ~1111 Alicia De Maurienne 1796 - 1885 Anna (Annie) Simmons 89 89 Eleanor Of Arborea Bonifacio De Saluzzo ~1020 Guillaume II De Montferrat 1790 - 1863 Joseph King 72 72 Otta D'aglie Alice De Montferrat Gonario Eleanor Of Arborea D. 1175 Manfredo I De Saluzzo D. 1215 Manfredo II De Saluzzo N.n. De Saluzzo ~1145 - 1197 Guglielmo De Ceva 52 52 N.n. De Vento 1816 - 1909 Henry Fales King 92 92 ~1180 - 1219 Guglielmo De Ceva 39 39 ~1210 - 1268 Giorgio I De Ceva 58 58 Menzia ~1084 Gunnora Bigod <1107 Cicely Bigod Suain De Essex ~1080 Robert De Essex ~1110 - 1163 Henry De Essex 53 53 1817 - 1902 John T. King 85 85 <1120 - 1194 Aubrey De Vere 74 74 ~1152 Lucia (Agnes) De Essex ~1164 - 1221 Robert De Vere 57 57 Walter Bolebec Helawise ~1140 - <1187 Hugh (Walter) De Bolebec 47 47 ~1142 Sibil De Vesey ~1164 - 1205 Isabel De Bolebec 41 41 ~1211 Lota (Lora) La Zouche John De Sandford 1821 - 1893 Anna S. King 72 72 D. 1250 Gilbert De Saundford Guillaume De Leuchers Ness De Leuchers ~1056 Avise Fitzosbern Osgod Clopa Ermenfroi Of Amiens Landry De Dreux Erneburge De Caux Asperling De Vaudreuil Camville De Caux 1823 - 1891 Charles C. King 68 68 ~1117 - ~1166 Gundred De Warenne 49 49 Hugh De Beauchamp 1824 - 1910 Rachel S. King 86 86 ~0738 - 0810 Gudrod Halfdansson 72 72 ~0770 - 0840 Olaf Gudrodsson 70 70 1826 - 1846 David King 19 19 Sigurd 'dragon In Eye' Thora Helfi Ingiald Ketel Flatness 1828 - 1920 Albert H. King 92 92 Inguild D. 0871 Olaf 'the White' D. >0892 Auda 'the Deep- Minded' After her husband's death settled at Hvamm, near Broadfirth in the N.W. of Iceland in 892. D. 0890 Thorstein 'the Red' Eyvind 'the Eastman' Thurid Groa Ragnvald I Turf Einat I ~0894 - 0963 Thorfin I 69 69 1830 - 1861 Ichabod S. King 31 31 Duncan Of Caithness Grelod Of Caithness D. 0980 Hlodver Kiarval (Carroll) Audna Of Ireland Hvarflad Of Orkney Gille Of Colonsay Gille Adomnan Gillebridge ~1020 - 1083 Somerlan I 63 63 1832 - 1876 Betsey Wilcox King 43 43 Godfrey Mac Fergus Daughter Of Alpin Daughter Of Godfrey Gille Adomnan D. ~1165 Ranulph Of Moray Bethoc ~0960 - 1014 Sigurd II 54 54 1833 - 1875 Amanda Maria King 41 41 Buried: Pleasant View Cemetery, near Stone Church ~0984 Anleta Of Scotland ~1042 - 1064 Thorfinn II 'the Dane' 22 22 Heraud Thora Alaf Hundar Steinar Biorn Audun Skokul Thora Moshale 1836 - 1888 Timothy Tripp Brayton 51 51 Buried: Pleasant View Cemetery, near Stone Church Gudbiorg Ulfhild Gudbrand Kula Ulfhild Biorn D. 0960 Gudrod 1858 - 1901 Rodney Durfee Brayton 42 42 Arne D. 1062 Finn Arneson Asted Of Uplands Sigurd Halfdan Sigurdson Thorbiorg D. 0998 Harold 'the Greenlander' ~0992 - 1030 Saint Olaf II Haroldsson 38 38 Olaf II, also called St. Olaf, king of Norway (1015-28). A Viking (full name Olaf Haraldsson), he was converted to Christianity in Rouen, Normandy, in the service of the exiled King Ethelred II of England. He returned to Norway in 1015 and, as a descendant of King Harold I, quickly won recognition, displacing the ruling earls. He introduced a strong central administration, completed the conversion of the Norwegians begun by Olaf I, and built churches throughout the land. Many local chieftains, alienated by Olaf's
domineering ways, sided with Canute II, king of Denmark and England, when he invaded Norway in 1028; Olaf was compelled to take refuge with his brother-in-law, Grand Duke Yaroslav of Novgorod (978-1054). Returning with a force to Norway in 1030, he was defeated by a peasant army and killed at the Battle of Stiklestad. Olaf was subsequently worshiped as Norway's patron
saint and was canonized in 1164. He was also revered throughout Scandinavia and in England, Germany, and the Baltic countries. His feast day is July 29. Astrid Sophia W. Pettey Chace 1024 - 1047 Magnus I 'the Good' 23 23 Magnus I (of Norway and Denmark), called The Good, king of Norway (1035-47) and Denmark (1042-47). The son of Olaf II, he grew up in Russia but was accepted as king in Norway on the death of Canute II. He helped King Hardecanute of Denmark against the Wends in return for the agreement that if either of them died without heir, the other would succeed him. Magnus accordingly became king of Denmark in 1042, and the following year he won a decisive victory over the Wends. He laid a claim to the English throne, too, but could not follow it up. He was succeeded in Norway by his uncle, Harold III. ~1032 Ingebiorg ~1059 - 1103 Paul I Thorfinsson 44 44 Ivar- Hviti D. 1079 Hakon Ivarsson Raginhild Magnusdatter Ragnhild Of Sweden D. 1122 H†kon Moddan Of Caithness Helga Of Caithness 1860 - 1941 Jennie Betsey Brayton 80 80 Raverta Of Ireland ~0987 - 1043 Gonselon I 'le Grand' 56 56 Marg Of Antwerp ~0982 Adeline Of Holland ~0950 Arnouf De Boulogne ~0976 Ernicule De Boulogne ~1180 - ~1276 Devorgilla Of Galloway 96 96 Hugh De Talbot Jeanne De Talbot Robert D'estouteville Andrew Lake Manchester Baldric A Saxon Thane. Hugh Baldric ~1100 - 1183 Robert De Stuteville 83 83 ~1092 Gerard De Glanville 1861 - 1937 Charles Benjamin Brayton 76 76 ~1096 Emma De Cukeney ~1104 Helewise ~1124 - 1203 Guillaume De Stuteville 79 79 ~1124 Bertha De Glanville ~1146 Nicolas De Stuteville Fannie B. Durfee ~1150 Gunnora De Gourny 1864 - 1958 Caroline Maria Brayton 93 93 ~1113 Isabel De Say ~1137 - 1210 William Fitzalan 73 73 D. ~0890 Malahuc D. ~0933 Richard I De St. Sauveur 1853 - 1922 Frederick Agustus Dammon 68 68 Niel I De St. Sauveur Roger De St. Sauveur D. ~1066 Niel III De St. Sauveur Adela D'eu D. ~1066 William D'aubign‚ N.n. De Plessis 1102 - 1198 Harvey Walter Fitzrobert 96 96 ~1006 - 1063 Osborne II De Bolebec 57 57 Geoffrey De Bolebec 1891 - 1931 Lillian Brayton Dammon 40 40 Geoffrey D'arques Raoul De Tankerville D. 1130 Guillaume De Tankerville Amelie Guillaume D'arques Beatrice De Bolebec Maud D'arques D. 1140 Renebault De Tankerville Chester Brown Hammond Odon Stigand Agnes Stigand D. ~1125 Geoffrey De Clinton Agnes Lesceline De Clinton D. ~1080 Bertram De Verdon ~1115 - ~1140 Norman De Verdon 25 25 ~1145 - 1192 Bertram De Verdon 47 47 Rohesa ~1167 - 1231 Nicolas De Verdon 64 64 Clarence Eliott Hammond Joane Fitzpiers D. 1246 Rohesi De Verdon ~1098 Gilbert De Becket ~1099 Rohese 'the Saracen' ~1120 Maud De Becket 1165 - 1205 Theobald Fitzwalter 40 40 1200 - 1230 Theobald Le Butzllen De Verdon 30 30 ~1012 Adele De Bar-Sur- Aube ~0980 Adele De Notcher De Bretuil D. <1040 Nocher III De Bar-Sur- Aube 1893 - 1981 Nina May Dammon 88 88 Buried: Oak Grove Cemetery Fouche De Chƒrtres ~0960 Emmeline De Chƒrtres ~0960 Hildouin De Breteuil Dau ~0515 Oengus Fergne Mac Fergusa ~0520 Lassi Ingen Fergna Nannid Baeth Eochu Mac Báeth 1888 - 1987 Richard Leonard Bailey 98 98 Buried: Oak Grove Cemetery Blathmac Mac Eogain Etain Ingen Mongáin ~0640 Cellach Cualann Mac Gerthide ~0645 - 0715 Mugain Ingen Faílbe 70 70 Gerthilde Mac Dícolla Dánae Failbe Mac Domnaill Ethne Ingen Crundmáel Donal Mideach Indellach Mac Meic Fidcossa 1912 Florence Carrie Bailey ~0950 - 1018 Donncuan Mac Dúnlaing O'toole 68 68 Acceded 1014. ~0980 - 1041 Gilla Comgaill O'toole 61 61 ~1005 - 1056 Gilla Coemgin O'toole 51 51 ~1030 Doncuan O'toole D. ~1115 Donal O'bryne D. 0526 Ailill Macd¹nlainge Baptized by St. Patrick in 460. D. 0896 Murchada Mac Maenaig D. 0945 Aurchad Mac Murchada Olioll Fionn Cearbhall 1911 - 1983 Gordon Fraser 72 72 Emmelina Patrick De Chaworth Payne De Mundabliel ~0951 Turchetil De Harcourt ~0953 Adeline De Montfort ~0971 - ~1024 Anchetil De Harcourt 53 53 First to assume the name Harcourt from the bough of Harcourt near Brionne; occurs in Charter Bernay 1014 when was very young. ~1000 Eve De Boissay Walter Maltravers 1914 Richard Frederick Bailey John Maltravers Alice Turberville ~1080 - 1191 Alice (Helen) De Bourgogne 111 111 Robert De Vitre ~0973 - 1008 Geoffroi I 35 35 ~0977 - 1034 Havoise Of Rennes 57 57 ~0980 - 1051 Alain Canhiard 71 71 1912 Mildred Isadore Collins ~0984 - 1064 Judith De Nantes 80 80 ~0999 - 1079 Eudon 80 80 ~1018 Agnes De Cornoualle ~1060 - 1135 Etienne 75 75 Havoise Of Guingamp Agnorie De Bretagne D. 1150 Oliver II (Alan) De Dinan Living Bailey D. ~1094 Gaultier De La Guerche Basilie Emma De La Guerche D. 1202 Gilbert Basset D. ~1074 Turstain Haldub Emma Living Shooshan D. ~1066 Eudo Al Chapel Muriel De Conteville Muriel Richard De St. Sauveur Anna Ralph De La Haye Oliva D'aubign‚ Robert De La Haye D. 1186 Richard De La Haye Maud De Vernon Living Cardoza Nicola De La Haye D. ~1190 Richard De Camville Gerald De Camville ~0896 Editha Of England Hinguar D. 0926 Sitric II Sitric Of Desmond Aulaf V Curaran Living Bailey D. 1023/30 Gormflath ~0915 - 0972 Murchad Mac Finn 57 57 Brychon Gwired Daughter Of Wibba Cunebald D. 0593 Crida First king of Mercia. D. 0606 Wibba Living Bailey Gwenwenen D. 0596 Domangart Loefric D. ~0830 Alfgar D. 0870 Alfgar II Leofric II Living Williams Blaidd 'rudd' Angharad Verch Rhys D. 1216 William Martin Living Williams Maud Peverell Rogerus Magnus Roger Rogerus Magnus Roger (Hugh) De Montgomery Living Riggle ~0961 Senfrie De Crepon Rolf De Beaumont Daughter Of Rolf Arnulf De Beaumont Milo De Cogan Christiana Painel William De Cogan Richard De Cogan Amabilis Living Williams ~1120 - >1145 Walter De Ridelisford 25 25 ~1145 Basile De Ridelisford Philip De Pendergast Maud De Quincy ~1150 Gerald De Pendergast Maud Fitzwalter D. 0918 Eadwulf Ealdred N.n. De Nogent Living Williams Amaury De Montfort Daughter Of Isaac ~1030 Isabel De Broyes ~1065 Isabel De Montfort ~1035 - 1101 Ralph De Toeni 66 66 ~0974 Renart De Broyes Heloise De Blois ~0992 - >1028 Isembert De Broyes 36 36 ~1012 - >1058 Hugh Bardoul De Broyes 46 46 William Fitzosborne 1895 - 1922 Mildred Dammon 27 27 William De Cheney Alice De Cheney Osbert De Cundi D. 1205 Fulk Painel Aude William Painel D. ~1136 Robert De Bampton Juliana De Bampton Earl H. Davis ~1023 Gerberge De Boulogne ~1005 - 1065 Frederic II 60 60 ~0977 - ~1052 Adela Of Lorraine 75 75 Konrad Of Arlon D. 1052 Walrem I 'the Old' D. 1094 Judith Von Schweinfurt Reting I D. <0994 Reting II Earl H. Davis Immed II Glismode Of Saxony Frideruna D. ~1020 Aribo I Adela D. 1026 Hartwig II 1865 - 1950 Timothy Tripp Brayton 84 84 Buried: Pleasant View Cemetery, near Stone Church ~0994 - >1064 Rogelinde De Lorraine 70 70 ~1000 - 1063 Albert II 63 63 Baldwin De Clermont ~1095 - <1144 Gui De Baudmont 49 49 Alice Thomas De St. Valerie D. 1231 Adela De Pontheiu Eunice E. Orswell Eudes Of Cambrai Thibaud Odele D. 1067 Roger De St. Pol Hadwide De Houchin D. ~1070 Hugues I De St. Pol Clememtina D. ~1030 Hugues II 'candavaine' De St. Pol Elisenda (Helensinde) ~1100 - 1141 Hugues III De St. Pol 41 41 1868 - 1950 Albert King Brayton 82 82 Beatrice ~1130 - 1164 Anselme Candavaine De St. Pol 34 34 ~1138 Estachie De Champagne D. 0963 Geoffrey I De Chƒteaudun Hermengarde D. <0989 Hugues I De Chƒteaudun Hildegarde De Blois D. ~1005 Geoffrey II De Chƒteaudun Rotrou De Nogent Melesinde Marrian A. Dioelley ~0990 - 1038 Geoffrey III De Chƒteaudun 48 48 D. >1031 Fulbert De Montague Heloise De Mortaigne Guerin De Domfort Baudouin Des Roches D. 1110 Robert II De Sable 1835 Abby G. King Hersende De La Suse D. 1145 Lisiard De Sable Tephanie De Briolš D. ~1151 Robert III De Sable D. ~1151 Hersende D'anthenaise D. 1196 Robert IV De Sable Clemence De Mayenne 1841 - 1927 Clark Green King 86 86 1791 Pardon Simmons D. 1161 Juhel II De Mayenne 1794 Abel Simmons Clemence D'alencon Savaric D'anthenaise 1794 Martha Simmons Geoffroy 'le Vieux' De Sable Adelais D. ~1105 Geoffroy De Briolš Garnoise De Jarzš ~1795 Phebe Simmons Herbert De La Suse ~0615 - 0718 Clodulphe 103 103 Bishop of Metz. Son Of Guerin Hunfrid Of Istria D. 0814 Gui ~1798 Permilla (Pamelia) Simmons 1803 - 1831 Ichabod Simmons 28 28 Landelaja Of Capua Guaimer Of Salerno D. 0901 Gauimar I Of Salerno 1809 William L. Simmons Gui Of Salerno Lambert Of Spoleto D. 0999 Giovanni II Sikelgatia Of Salerno D. 1027 Guaimar III D. 1014 Pandulf III 'the Old' D. 1027 Gaitelgrima Of Benevento ~1013 - 1052 Guaimar IV 39 39 1762 Abner Simmons D. 1027 Pandulf Gemma Of Teano ~1070 - 1138 Henri De La Roche 68 68 Mathilde De Limburg Godfrey De Guise Guy De Guise Bouchard IV De Montmorency Agnes De Beaumont Adeline De Montmorency 1769 Pardon Simmons Savory I De Thouars ~0895 - >0955 Aimery II De Thouars 60 60 ~0899 Altanore D. 0924 Maingaud D'aunay D. 0949 Cadelon I D'aunay Gisela ~0900 Cadelon II D'aunay 1770 John Simmons Remi Odulgarde ~0904 - <0992 Senegonde 88 88 Hildegarde De Beaugency Lancelin II De Beaugency Adelberge ~1000 - 1040 Alain III 40 40 D. 1084 Berthe De Blois D. 1072 Havoise De Bretagne ~1010 - 1084 Hoel De Cornouaille 74 74 ~1780 Edward Simmons ~1780 Amasa Simmons ~1780 Stephen Simmons D. ~1126 Louis De Bournonville Herald De Furnes ~1780 George Simmons Adelle De Selvesle Adelle De Selvesle Eustache I De Finnes ~1099 - 1112 Conan De Finnes 13 13 D. 1126 Silvie Alix De Bournonville D. ~1137 Eustache II De Finnes Francoise De Miraumont ~1062 - 1100 Geoffrey Of Bouillon 38 38 Godfrey of Bouillon, French nobleman, soldier, and Crusader. In 1082 he was
created duke of Lower Lorraine by Henry IV, Holy Roman emperor, and had his
capital at Bouillon. He and his brother Baldwin I, later king of Jerusalem,
led an army from the Low Countries in the First Crusade. Arriving in
Constantinople in December 1096, he succeeded in establishing relations with
the Eastern Roman emperor Alexius I Comnenus. In 1099 Godfrey participated
in the siege and capture of Jerusalem; offered the title of king of
Jerusalem, he refused it for religious reasons and was instead named baron
and defender of the Holy Sepulcher. In August 1099, when Egyptian forces
moved to attack Jerusalem, Godfrey defeated them at Ascalon (now Ashquelon,
Israel). As the first Christian ruler of Jerusalem, Godfrey later became the
hero of many songs, legends, and literary works, including several of the
French medieval epics known as chansons de geste and of the epic poem
Jerusalem Delivered (1575; trans. 1884), by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso. ~1064 Beatrice De Mandeville ~1780 Hannah Simmons ~1081 - ~1130 Guillaume De Boulogne 49 49 ~1110 - ~1183 Guillaume 'farramus' 73 73 ~1112 Matilda Daughter Of Eustace D. 1230 Nicolas De Conde Isabel De Moreaumes Eustace III De Roeux Daughter Of Baldwin ~0982 Luitgard Von Habsburg D. 0911 Adalbert III ~1780 Ruth Simmons ~0890 Eberhard II Gisela 0970 - 1015 Ernst I 45 45 D. 1005 Ernst II Elisabeth Of Lower- Alsace 0974 - 1024 Berthold Becelin 50 50 D. ~0830 Erlafried II Albert D. ~0868 Albert D. ~0902 Gozbert ~1780 Rachel Simmons D. ~0960 Burkard D. ~1003 Albert I Of Calw Bertha Of Calw Sister of Pope Victor II. 0980 - 1040 Leopold Of Chalm 60 60 1002 Egon I 1027 N.n. Of Urach 1055 Egon II Cunigunde ~1085 - 1158 Egon III 73 73 Edith 1780 Thomas Simmons D. 1196 Egon IV Kunigunde D. 1111 Berthold II D. 1111 Agnes Von Rheinfelden D. 1152 Conrad Of Zahringen D. 1154 Clemence De Namur Berthold IV Edith Von Froburg Amatrada Of Ringleheim Everhard Of Niederlahngau 1742 Moses Simmons D. 0966 Everhard II Of Niederlahngau 0966 - 0990 Otto I Of Zutphen 24 24 N.n. Of Pont Hroar Valladar Of Roeskilde Halfdan Of Roeskilde D. 0750 Ivar (Vidfadmi) Of Roeskilde ~0633 Auda Of Roeskilde Frode Of Lethra Halfdan Of Lethra 1744 Gideon Simmons Hraeric Of Lethra D. 0770 Harold I D. 0806 Halfdan (Sigfrid) Of Jutland D. 0837 Hemming Of Jutland D. ~0852 Harold Of Jutland Vandalmode D. 0961 Umberto Of Tuscany Valdrada Of Tuscany D. 0996 Pietro Candiano Elvira Giron 1746 Mary Simmons D. 1230 Alonso Tellez 'el Viejo' De Meneses Telperez De Meneses Gontrode Garcia De Villamayor D. ~1124 Pedro Bernardo De St. Fagundo Maria Suerez De Maya D. ~1119 Bernardo Diaz De Asturias N.n. De Montealgre Alonso Tellez De Montealgre D. ~1094 Suero Mendez 'el Bueno' De Maya Ervigilde Nu¤ez De Asturias 1749 Phebe Simmons Nu¤o De Asturias D. ~1170 Garcia Ordo¤ez De Villamayor Maria De Almenara D. 1188 Ermengaud Vii De Urgel D. ~1200 Juan Fernandez 'el Bueno' De Lima Maria Paes De Ribera ~0795 Garcia Iniquez Urraca D. ~0852 Iniga Ximinez Arista Ximena 1751 Rhoda Simmons Galindo Of Gascony Moninho Osoriez De Cabrera Maria Nu¤ez Payo Moniz De Ribera Nu¤o Suarez Urraca Nu¤ez De Bragancon Frole Sanchez De Barbosa Pedro Fernandez De Bragancon Nu¤o Perez De Bragancon 1753 Unis Simmons Hermigo Alboazar D. ~1085 Egas Gosendez Bayham Valida Trocosendez Bayham Manenho Venegas Ogasco Hermigo Venegas Ogasco Useo Venegas Sancha Venegas Bayham Teresa Suarez De Maya 1755 Peleg Simmons Mendo Alao De Bragancon Fernan 'el Viejo' Mendez De Bragancon Men Fernandez De Bragancon Fernan 'el Bravo' Mendez De Bragancon Elvira Gualtar Teresa Alfonso Oroana Mendez De Sousa Moninho Hermiquez Ogasco Oroana Men Moniz De Riba-Duero 1757 Benjamin Simmons Elvira De Riba- Duero D. 0735 Eudes D'aquitaine Valtrude D. 0774 Hunold D'aquitaine D. 0763 Waiffre D'aquitaine Adele Of Gascony D. 0778 Loup II D. 0813 Aldalric D. 0812 Centulle Hatton 1760 Joseph Simmons D. 0774 Loup I Walchigise Valtrude 0608 - 0631 Charibert II Of France 23 23 Gisele Of Gascony D. 0688 Boggis D'aquitaine Oda ~1173 - 1227 Beatrice De Chƒlons 54 54 D. ~1197 Etienne II D'auxonne Judith De Lorraine 1673 Isaac Simmons D. 1203 Guillaume III De Chƒlons Beatrice Of Germany D. 0957 Humbert I De Salins D. 1028 Humbert II De Salins D. ~1028 Ermengarde De Semur D. ~1044 Gauthier I De Salins Aremburge D. 0990 Geoffroy I De Semur Maud De Chƒlons Lambert De Semur 1677 Martha Simmons D. 1176 Matthieu I De Lorraine D. ~1195 Bertha (Judith) Of Swabia Robert D'autun D. 0978 Lambert D'autun D. 0956 Arlebaud De Semur D. 1065 Thibault De Chƒlons Ermentrude D. 1080 Adelaide De Chƒlons Arnauli D'auvergne Bertilde ~1678 - 1748/49 Benjamin Simmons D. ~0947 Matfroy D'auvergne D. ~0955 Etienne I De Thiers Ermengarde D. 1031 Guy II De Thiers D. ~1043 Reclinde D. ~1046 Guillaume I De Thiers Ponce D. ~1065 Etienne II De Thiers Blanche Guillaume II De Thiers 1679 - 1761 Moses Simmons 82 82 D. 1113 Guy De Thiers D. 1166 Guillaume I De Chƒlons D. 0832 Childebrande Dyname D. ~0880 Theodore I De Chƒlons Daughter Of Conrad D. 0919 Manasses 'the Old' De Chƒlons Ermengarde 1682/83 - 1761 Joseph Simmons D. ~1158 Thibault II De Trave Alice Poncette De Trave Alice De Beauffou Emme De Bayeux D. ~1066 Raoul De Beauffou D. ~1081 Richard De Beauffou D. ~1037 Hugh I De Montfort 1684 Rebecca Simmons Olympia Folkington Dermot D. 0876 Calybre D. 0933 Cinaeth D. 0947 Caellach D. 0974 Donal D. 0989 Dermot 1687/88 - 1774 Joshua Simmons D. 1006 Donehad Maolrainbo D. 1072 Dermot D. 1064 Donnchad O'brien Acceded 1014, abdicated 1063. D. 1080 Dearbforgail O'brien D. 1090 Murchad D. ~0420 Conall Natfraich D. 0490 Aonghus D. 0523 Eschaid D. 0542 Creomthann ~1626 - 1701 John Alden 75 75 John Alden.  Perley cites him as the son of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins.

This John was, at the time, 70 years of age, wealthy and resided in Boston. He was sent for on May 28th and arrived May 31st.  Gedney, Hawthorne and Corwin conducted his examination.  When the accusing girls discovered that it was John Alden, of Plymouth fame, they cried out against him, "there stands Alden, a bold fellow, with his hat on before the judges, he sells powder and shot to the Indians and French and lies with the Indian squaws, and has Indian papooses."

The magistrates "bid Alden look upon the accusers, " which he did, and they fell down. Alden asked Mr. Gedney what reason there was why his looking at Mr. Gedney did not strike him down as well, but no answer was forthcoming.

Alden was sent to jail, but escaped therefrom. D. 0571 Cairbre Aodh D. 0615 Cathal D. 0665 Cuigenmathair D. 0696 Finguine D. 0742 Cathal D. 0749 Tualath Of Munster D. 0737 Faelan Mac Murchada D. 0789 Ruaidri Mac Faelain Acceded 0776. D. 0831 Diarmait Mac Ruadrach <1640 - 1695 Elizabeth Everill 55 55 D. 0862 Muirecan Mac Diarmata Acceded 0862. D. 0917 Mael Morda Mac Muirecin 0791 - 0846 Niall Caille Macaedo Oirdnide 55 55 Deposed his cousin Murchad in 823 and became king of the North; in 827 he defeated the men of Oriel who had opposed the election in of his personal confessor as Archbishop of Armagh; routed the Norse invaders at Lough Foyle in 823, and defeated the Danes twice more in 835 and 843; defeated Feidhlimidh (k. of Munster) in 840 and defeated the Danes againn in 846, but during the pursuit of the latter he was drowned in the flooded river Callain while trying to rescue on of his men. D. 0859 Gormlaith Of Meath Joan O'neill D. 0921 Finn Mac Mael Morda D. 0970 Morugh Macfinn Acceded 0965. Cas Becbhionn Eochaidh Cruadh First Christian of this line. 1627 - 1696 Joseph Alden 68 68 Criomhthan D. ~0520 Aodh Uargarbh Tighernach D. ~0583 Fedlemidh Fergus D. ~0675 Bece Ferdaleithe Conaicce Olioll Cueongeilt ~1632 - 1697 Jonathan Alden 65 65 Coneobhar Cathniath Spellan D. 0903 Cian Bron (O'mahony) Daughter Of Bron D. 1014 M el M¢rda Macfinn O'f el im Acceded 1003. D. 1062 Bran Mac M el M¢rda O'f el im Acceded 1016. Deposed 1018. Donchad Of Leinster D. 0480 Muredach Eloped with Eirc, wife of Saran, a British king. ~1644 - 1725 Abigail Hallett 81 81 Loarn Moy Eirc D. 0534 Murcertac I One of the victors in the battle of Ocha 482; defeated and killed Oengus (king of Munster) in 489; likewise Duach Teangumha in 504, extended the kingdom of Ailech into Derry by conquest and defeated the Leinsterman, 524; killed Sighe mac Dian, whose daughter, Sin, became his concubine to avenge her father; he was killed when she set fire to the house where he lay drunk, All Hallow's Eve. D. 0504 Duach Teangumha 'brazen-Tongued' First king of Connaught. Slain by Muircheartach. Duabsech Eochan D. 0566 Domnall Ilcealgach 'the Decetful' Ruled jointly with his brother, Fergus, who may have been his twin. They campaigned together, defeating and mortally wounding Eogan (K. of Connaught) in 558 on the river Sligo; defeating Ailill (k. of Connaught), who tried to escape battle in his war chariot in 549 and was killed; and winning the battle of Cul-Dreimhe in 561 against their kinsman, Diarmaid (k. of Ireland) because Diarmaid had offended their cousin St. Columba; also defeated the Irish Picts in 562, and the Leinstermen in 563; died of the plague. Carthan Orca Erica 1634/35 - 1674 Ruth Alden D. 0612 Aedh Uairdhnach 'with The Ague' Friend and benefactor of his cousin, St. Mura; defeated the Leinstermen and exacted the famous cattle-tribute (the "borama")- which the Leinstermen never paid without a fight; died of ague at the Ford of the Two Graves in Louth. D. ~0630 M el Fithrich Macaedo Uaridnaig Called by the chroniclers Chief of the Cenel-mac-Earca; succeeded his cousin Suibhne Menn, as ruler of Ailech, but was killed in battle by Suibhne's brother Ernaine. D. 0681 M el D¹in Macm el Fithrich Succeeded his kinsman Fergus in 671; killed Dunchad (k. of Oriel) in 677 and burned Dun-Ceithirn 9and with it Dunghal (k. of the Irish Picts), and also Cenndaeladh (k. of Keenaght)); was killed in battle at Leathairbhe in rivalry against his kinsman Congal (k. of Tir Cinaill) D. 0464 Conal Gulban Now Tyrconnell of "land of Conall" in Donegal which was his share of the family's conquests in Ulster after 425; the ritual sacrfice of a white mare figured in the inauguration of their kings until the 12th century. Conall was slain by the Fibolgs in 464. D. ~0500 Fergus Cennfada 'long-Head' Seadhna Of Tirconnel Became a powerful prince in northern Ireland. D. 0571 Ainmire Slain by Fergus MacNelline, but avenged by his son Aedh, who also invaded Leinster to avenge his own son's death. Cobthaigson Of Oiliolla Bridget D. 0598 Aedh II Invaded Leinster to avenge his son's death by extracting the famous cattle tribute, but was suprised at night in his camp at Dunbolg in 598 by Bran Dubh "the Black" (King of Leinster); though defended by his men with a wall of sheilds and spears, was unhorsed and beheaded during the withdrawl. ~1630 - 1716 John Bass 86 86 He was a wheelwright. He was elected fenceviewer 1695, tithingman 1701, constable 1710 but refused it.

S.P. 19-202: Will of John Bass of Braintree, wheelwright, Jun.25,1716 - Oct.22,1716:
To son John who is to be executor 1 acre called calf pasture & all other estate not here disposed of to him for life, then to his son John or the next heir if he does not survive. To son Samuel all lands at Stand Brook in Salter's Farm, part of the four score acres & half my land at Rye Island (whole is 10 acres) on the N. side and a strap of land in the house lot in Salter's Farm near 2 a. of the plain lot as far as the fence goes etc. To son Joseph I have already given his full part and add 5/. To two daughters Mary Copeland & Sarah Thayer 1 acre each salt marsh for life, then to son John etc. and ¹10 and the household moveables. To grand daughters that are children of my two deceased daughters Ruth & Hannah 10/ each, at age. To grandson John Bass a spot of land where he built a house, 1/2 my barn etc. Witness: Susanna Webb, Jonathan Webb, Benjamin Webb.

19-270 Inventory of John Bass Feb.11,1716 by Solomon Vesey, John Cleverly, Peter Adams:
14 acres in Captains Plain
10 a. in pasture & Stoney field
1 lot in the 600 acres
1 share in the Pine Swamp
10 a. at Rye Island
4 a. in the Farm

S.P. 8-326-7 New Series: Joseph Bass & Ephraim Thayer object to probate of will of John Bass 1716 & say he was insane and non - compos etc. Oct.22,1716. Several reasons given in petition. D. 0643 Domnall II D. 0616 Malcova Cacht Of Tirconnel D. 0722 Fergal Macm ele D¹in Defeated the Southern Ui Neill of Meath in 710 at Armagh and banished his eldest heir to Britain for committing a homicide at the annual festival assembly at Taltiu (the "Fair of Teltown"), 1 Aug 716; exacted the cattle tribute from Leinster in 721 and was killed in battle in 722, leading 21,000 men against the Leinstermen at Allen Kildare. Conor Cian Athiochta 0718 - 0778 Niall Frasach 'of The Showers' 60 60 Saw his reign open with three months of snow and continue with famine, earthquakes, and pestilence. Taking this as a bad sign, he abdicated in 770 and retired to Iona as a monk where he died Crimthann D. 0619 Aodh 1646 - 1719 David Alden 73 73 Mor Of Desmond Aonghus Of Tirconnel D. 0704 Loing Beach Muiriore D. 0784 Flaherty Dunflaith Of Tirconnel D. 0819 Aedh Oirdnidhe 'the Dignified' Devastated Meath in 798 and Leinster in 804; punished the Ulaid in 805 for profaning St. Patrick's shrine; drove the Connaught invaders out of Meath in 808 "as if they were goats and sheep"; sent ambassadors to Charlemagne; was prevented from celbrating the Fair of Taltiu in 811 by the monks of Tallaght, whose territory had been violated, but made ample reparations; defeated the Cenel Conaill in 815. Muredac Fergus Son Of Inreachtach D. >1718 Mary Southworth Maeve Of Connaught D. 0797 Donchad I D. 0480 Conal Cremthoinn Was the ancestor of the kings of Brega and the kings of Usinech, who formed the principal branch of the southern Ui Neill. From him descended 17 kings of Ireland. D. ~0500 Fergus D. 0440 Maine Was the ancestor of the dynasty of Teffia in Meath, which took the name O'Catharnaign. Corbhach D. 0554 Dermont Congearvin Mungan D. 0581 Colman <1643 - 1688 Rebecca Alden 45 45 D. 0600 Suibne D. 0634 Conal Airmeadhac D. 0689 Dermot Congal Alpin D. 0715 Murcertac D. 0758 Donal Maelfebhall Torf "Den Tause" Of More 1642 - 1723 Thomas Delano 81 81 1212 - 1272 Hugues IV De Bourgogne 59 59 Geoffroy III De Thouars Ameline Aimery V De Thouars Guillaume V De Thouars Aenor De Lusignan D. 1213 Gui De Thouars D. 1146 Alain II 'le Noir' ~1120 Berthe De Bretagne 1138 - 1171 Conan IV 'le Petit' 33 33 1648 - 1688 Priscilla Alden 40 40 ~1154 - 1201 Margaret Of Huntington 47 47 1162 - 1201 Constance De Bretagne 39 39 1201 - 1221 Alix De Thouars 20 20 ~1187 - 1250 Pierre De Dreux 63 63 1218 - 1272 Yolanda Richemont De Dreux 54 54 ~1144 Alix De Lorraine 1166 - 1218 Eudes III De Bourgogne 52 52 ~1178 - 1218 Alice De Vergy 40 40 1020 - 1072 Gertrude Of Haldensleben 52 52 Hannah Wood Anselmo Di Ceva Guy De Brien Guy De Brien D. 1272 Henry De Tracy Peter Taylor Maud De Braose Eva De Tracy D. 1209 William Martin Avicia ~1179 - 1210 William De Braose 31 31 Maud De Fay D. ~1186 Ralph De Fay D. 1222 Ralph De Fay Robert De Turnham Beatrice De Turnham ~1695 Mary Crandall ~1200 - 1281 Eleanor De Baliol 81 81 ~1140 - 1194 Bernard De Baliol 54 54 ~1152 Agnes De Picquigny ~1178 Ingelram De Baliol ~1098 Elias Fitzharding De Barclay ~1695 Thomas Brownell Morice Walter De Barclay Eva Agnes De Barclay Joanna De Meschines Lesceline Garvaise Paganel ~1050 - 1080 Adam De Brus 30 30 William Ramsay Emma Ramsay Mercy Tripp ~1076 Agnes Paganel ~1072 - 1141 Robert De Brus 69 69 ~1099 - 1164 Adam De Brus 65 65 Stephen ~1103 Agnes ~1126 - 1196 Adam I De Brus 70 70 William De Arches Ivetta ~1130 Ivetta De Arches D. 1186 Adam De Brus 1706 Jonathan Hart Living Sacchi Isabel De Brus ~1246 Isabel Fitzjohn ~1195 Sybil De Ferrers Maud De Morville 1116 - 1179 Richard De Bulsi 63 63 Hawise Espec Abigail Macumber D. 1115 William I De Busli 1090 - 1164 William II De Busli 74 74 Cicely De Busli Emma 1145 - 1213 John De Bulsi 68 68 D. ~1140 William Vipont Mathilde St. Andrew William Vipont 1749 Godfrey King D. ~1227 Robert Vipont D. 1241 Idonea De Bulsi ~1190 - 1241 John Vipont 51 51 ~1220 - 1265 Robert III Vipont 45 45 John Botterell ~1088 William De Percy ~1090 Alice De Roos 1795 - 1863 Eunice Tripp 68 68 Buried: Cemetery on Brayton farm ~1034 - 1096 Guillaume De Percy 62 62 ~1045 Emma De Port Maud De Glouchester D. 0681 Cenn Fáelad Mac Colgan Amalgaid Mac Cind Fáelad Flann Rodba Mac Amalgada Fiangalach Mac Flainn Rodba Flaithnia Mac Fiangalaig 1792 - 1876 David Brayton 83 83 Buried: Cemetery on Brayton farm Maenach Mac Flaithna Giolla Bridget 1822 Hannah C. Snell Dermont D. 0888 Ceardhall D. 0848 Maolruanaia Cabel Arog D. 0863 Mailsechlain D. 0886 Flanna D. 0886 Maclfebhull 1821 Silas D. Dammon D. 0907 Ceallagh Sabh D. 0907 Murcertac D. 0974 Donchad D. 0996 Giollapatrick D. 1021 Maclmuir D. ~1027 Tadhg Of Ossary D. 1065 Dermot Of Ossary Clemence Des Roches D. 1249 Geoffrey IV De Chƒteaudun 1867 Carrie R. Strong D. 0940 Guigues III De Vion D. 0996 Guigues IV Adelaide 1863 Hiram Alfred Bailey Richard Of Provence D. ~0991 Fredeburga D. 1009 Guigues V Silvion De Clerieu Willa Gotilenne Bernard II De St. Valerie D. ~1066 Gauthier De St. Valerie Elizabeth De Montlhery D. ~1096 Bernard III De St. Valerie 1889 - 1950 Verna Albert Sanford 61 61 D. 1166 Renaud II De St. Valerie D. 1190 Bernard IV De St. Valerie Eleanor De Dommart D. 0725 Alberic Eberhard I D. 0777 Elizabeth De Luneville D. 0864 Eberhard II Alice De Hainaut Waifre De Aquitaine Estrude De Aquitaine 1872 - 1957 William Robert Collins 85 85 Living Hamilton D. ~1000 Louise De Gavre D. ~1030 Rasse I De Gavre D. 1056 Rasse II De Gavre Catherine De Cysoing Jean De Gavre Isabel D'alost Rasse III De Gavre Arnulph De Hainaut Gauthier De Roeux Ida De Roeux 1672 - 1751 Sarah Bass 79 79 Beatrice De Roeux ~0956 Rudolph De Mons Adele De Vienne ~0997 Gossuin I De Mons Benoite D. ~1096 Gossuin II De Mons D. ~1096 Jeanne (Irmengarde) N.n. De Mons D. ~1140 Issac De Mons Ida Gossuin III De Mons D. ~1100 Hugues De Rumigny Beatrice De Rumigny Alice De Mons D. ~1200 Roger De Conde Arnoul De Moreaumes D. 1192 Eustace I De Roeux Jean De Mons Marie De Mons Eustace II De Roeux D. 1150 Bertrand (Rasse Iv) De Gavre Guy De Chievres D. ~1126 Ida De Chievres Bertha De Gavre Baldwin I De Mortaigne Hidegarde De Wavrin D. ~1101 Heinrich Von Nordheim D. ~1117 Gertrude Liudolfing D. ~1063 Ecbert I Liudolfing 1729 - 1792 Deborah Arnold 63 63 Bertha D'italia D. ~1038 Ludolphe Liudolfing Gertrude De Frisia ~0960 - ~1015 Ardoino D'ivree 55 55 Bertha Di Toscana D. ~1006 Brunon II D. 1043 Gisele Von Schwabien ~1115 - 1170 Renaud II De Bar-Le-Duc 55 55 ~1137 - 1197 Agnes De Champagne 60 60 ~1150 - ~1193 Adelaide Laurette Von Loos 43 43 ~1158 - 1214 Thibaut I De Bar-Le-Duc 56 56 Luitfried Of Burgelm Adalbert Of Burgelm N.n. Von Nellenburg D. 1124 Albert Of Morsburg Thibauld III Of Bar Ermentrude Mathilda De Bar Siegbert II Of Saargau N.n. Von Eppenstein ~1095 - 1135 Frederick Of Saarbrcken 40 40 ~1108 Gisela De Lorraine D. 1118 Stephen Of Spondheim Sophia ~1100 - 1155 Meginhard I Of Spondheim 55 55 ~1102 Mechtild Von Morsburg ~1120 - 1181 Simon I Of Saarbrcken 61 61 ~1127 Mathilda Von Spondheim ~1150 - ~1215 Sophia Von Saarbrcken 65 65 ~1140 - 1221 Henry III 81 81 ~1113 - 1196 Henri I 'coecus' De Namur 83 83 ~1155 - ~1186 Agnes Of Guelders 31 31 Thurstan De Montfort Alberic De Montmorency D. 0978 Bouchard I De Montmorency Ildegarde De Blois ~0975 Lesceline (Alice) De Harcourt Guillaume 'le Batard' Guillaume D'eu Ada De Soissons 1811 - 1891 Irene Thayer 80 80 Agnes D'eu Bouchard II De Montmorency D. 1031 Bouchard III De Montmorency Herve De Montmorency Ermentrude De Verdun Avise De Roucy Godfrey I De Rumigny Alpaide De Hougaerde D. 1010 Arnoul De Rumigny 1804 - 1880 Nahum Bunker 76 76 Living Fredericksen D. ~1018 Godfrey II De Rumigny Godfrey III De Rumigny Uralan De Vergy Judith De Fonvens Gerard De Vergy 1834 - 1909 Nathaniel Emmons Bunker 75 75 Elisabeth De Chƒlons Robert De Vergy Gerard De Vergy Elisabeth De Vergy 1847 - 1924 Elizabeth Bridgham Dunning 77 77 Geoffrey I De Donzy Matilde D. 1114 Savorie De Vergy Simon De Vergy Elisabeth D. ~1170 Guy De Vergy 1873 - 1945 William Edwin Bunker 71 71 D. ~1147 Hugh V De Beaumont Maud Adele De Beaumont Hugues De Vergy 1871 - 1967 Rose Theresa Pfitzer 96 96 D. 1194 Garnier II De Trainel N.n. De Marigny Gisele De Trainel Etienne De Gevaudan Philippe De Gevaudan Ithier I De Mercouer Ithier II De Mercouer Arsinde Bernard De Mercouer Gerberge 1907 - 1989 John Pfitzer Bunker 82 82 ~0921 Algarde De Mercouer ~0920 - >0962 Robert I D'auvergne 42 42 ~0950 - >0980 Robert II D'auvergne 30 30 Ingleberg De Beaumont ~0978 - 1016 Guillaume IV D'auvergne 38 38 D. 1060 Guillaume Vii D'auvergne Rotilde De Limoges 1909 Margaret Hedwig Diehl D. ~0953 Aymon I De Bourbon Aldesinde D. 0999 Archambaud I De Bourbon D. 1023 Archambaud II De Bourbon D. ~1067 Umbald De Sully D. 1049 Ermengarde De Sully Living Bunker D. 1078 Archambaud III De Bourbon Aurea D. 1099 Ulrich Of Passau D. 1100 Adelaide Von Frantenhausen 1927 Thomas Charles Wieser D. 0928 Rotbold I D'arles ~0967 Mauger De Corbeil Osmand 'the Dane' D. ~0960 Aymon De Corbeil Elizabeth (Vendome) Albert De Corbeil ~0971 Germaine De Corbeil ~0993 - ~1060 Guillaume De Corbeil 67 67 D. ~1095 Bouchard De Corbeil Adelaide De Crecy Living Wieser Adele Robert Whitney Eleanor Whitney John Poleston John Poleston Gainor Roberts Jane Poleston Rhys Thomas Gainor Thomas Living Pazo Living Fredericksen Richard Pugh Elizabeth Pugh Rowland Owen Thomas Owen Harry Thomas Owen Hugh Harry He immigrated to Pennsylvania. Elizabeth Brinton John Harry Frances Miriam Harry Living Pazo D. 1784 Record Hussey 1757 - 1843 Lydia Hussey 86 86 1757 - 1841 Jacob Griffith 84 84 ~1798 - 1871 Amos Griffith 73 73 1801 - 1873 Edith Price 72 72 1827 - 1923 Elizabeth Price Griffith 96 96 1820 - 1893 Joshua Vickers Milhous 72 72 1848 - 1919 Franklin Milhous 70 70 1849 - 1943 Almira Park Burdg 93 93 1885 - 1967 Hannah Milhous 82 82 Living Pazo 1878 - 1956 Francis Anthony Nixon 77 77 1913 - 1994 Richard Milhous Nixon 81 81 1912 - 1993 Thelma Catherine (Pat) Ryan 81 81 Living Pazo ~1171 - ~1241 Robert Peck 70 70 Living Pazo ~1175 N.n. Tunstall ~1150 Thomas Peck ~1152 N.n. Middleton ~1126 John Peck ~1129 N.n. Melgrave ~1216 - 1271 Nigel De Plumpton 55 55 ~1217 Avicia De Clare ~1217 Serlonis De Westwick ~1187 - 1244 Robert De Plumpton 57 57 Living Wieser ~1190 Lady Mowbray ~1168 - 1205 Nigel De Plumpton 37 37 ~1170 - >1213 Juliana De Warwick 43 43 ~1133 Peter De Plumpton ~1136 Helena ~1144 Richard De Warwick ~1107 Eldredus De Plumpton ~1353 Alice De Bury ~1277 Henry De Worsley Isabel (Albrida) Biset Living Punty Maud Fitzrobert D. 1155 William D'aubigny William 'le Breton' D'aubigny ~1256 - ~1316 Rohese De Clare 60 60 1924 - 1992 Edward John Spencer 68 68 Viscount Althorp. Living Roche 1892 - ~1970 Albert John Spencer 78 78 1897 - 1972 Cynthia Elinor Beatrix Hamilton 75 75 1908 Ruth Sylvia Gill Woman of the Bedchamber to the Queen Mother Elizabeth since 1960. D. 1922 Charles Robert Spencer Living Salter 1868 - 1906 Margaret Baring 38 38 1828 - 1897 Edward Charles Baring 69 69 1839 - 1892 Louisa Emily Charlotte Bulteel 53 53 1798 - 1857 Frederick Spencer 59 59 D. 1877 Adelaide Horatio Elizabeth Seymour 1830 - 1914 George Bingham 84 84 Living Punty D. 1910 Cecilia Catherine Lennox 1735 - 1799 Charles Bingham 63 63 D. 1814 Margaret Smith 1764 - 1848 Richard Bingham 83 83 D. 1831 Lavinia Bingham D. 1819 Elizabeth Belasyse 1800 - 1888 George Charles Bingham 88 88 D. 1877 Anne Brudenell 1758 - 1834 George John Spencer 76 76 ~1060 William De Mortaigne Living Punty D. <1182 Richard I De Comyn Hextilda Of Tynedale D. ~1233 William De Comyn Marjory De Buchan Elizabeth De Comyn D. ~1291 William Of Mar D. ~1297 Donald Of Mar Helen Of Wales Walter De Comyn Isobel De Comyn Living Wieser- Punty ~1201 - ~1280 Gilchrist Mure 79 79 D. ~1297 Archibald Mure William Mure N.n. Lindsay Adam Mure Janet Joana Stewart Elizabeth Stewart D. 1441 James Douglas D. 1456 James Douglas Living Wieser Elizabeth Gifford D. 1492 James Douglas D. 1550 John Douglas Janet Crichton D. 1550 James Douglas Katherine Stewart ~1470 - 1549 Henry Somerset 79 79 ~1450 - 1526 Charles Somerset 76 76 D. ~1514 Elizabeth Herbert ~1436 - ~1464 Henry Beaufort 28 28 Died; beheaded Living Galatro N.n. ~1406 - 1455 Edmund Beaufort 49 49 Count of Mortain; regent of France; killed in Battle of St. Albans, War of the Roses. 1407 - 1466 Eleanor De Beauchamp 58 58 1381 - 1439 Richard Xiii De Beauchamp 58 58 ~1385 - 1422 Elizabeth De Berkeley 37 37 1352 - 1417 Thomas De Berkeley 65 65 ~1359 - 1391 Margaret Lisle 32 32 ~1330 - 1368 Maurice De Berkeley 38 38 Elizabeth Le Despenser ~1293 - 1361 Thomas 'the Rich' De Berkely 68 68 Living Dunn 1308 - 1337 Margaret Mortimer 29 29 1373 - 1399 Thomas Le Despenser 25 25 Baron Despencer; Baron Burghersh; was beheaded. 1271 - 1326 Maurice De Berkeley 55 55 D. 1314 Eva La Zouche 1335 - 1375 Edward (Hugh) Despencer 40 40 ~1342 - 1409 Elizabeth Burghersh 67 67 ~1245 - 1321 Thomas 'the Wise' De Berkeley 76 76 ~1248 - 1309 Joan De Ferrers 61 61 ~1255 - ~1298 Eudo La Zouche 43 43 ~1250 - 1298 Millicent De Cantilupe 48 48 Living Dunn ~1312 - 1342 Edward Le Despencer 30 30 ~1337 Anne Ferrers ~1194 - 1255 William De Cantilupe 61 61 ~1220 - 1255 Eva De Braose 35 35 ~1292 - 1320 Hugh Le Despenser 28 28 Hanged. ~1292 - ~1337 Eleanor De Clare 45 45 1262 - 1326 Hugh Le Despenser 64 64 Despenser, Hugh Le, English nobleman, son of Hugh Le Despenser. A supporter
of the king against the barons, he fought under Edward I, for whom he
secured a papal release from an oath to refrain from excessive taxation.
When the barons forced Edward's son and successor, Edward II, to banish his
favorite, Piers Gaveston (1284?-1312), Le Despenser supported Gaveston and
in 1312 succeeded him as the royal favorite. Edward II made him earl of
Winchester in 1322, and Le Despenser, together with his son, Hugh
(1285?-1326), acquired vast wealth. The elder Le Despenser became virtual
ruler of England, instituted several important administrative reforms, and
concluded peace with Scotland in 1323. In 1326 Isabella, queen consort of
England (1292-1358), formed an alliance with the barons against Edward and
the Le Despensers. Both father and son were captured and hanged. <1223 - 1265 Hugh Le Despencer 42 42 Despenser, Hugh Le, one of the English barons who participated in the
so-called Mad Parliament, which in 1258 formulated the Provisions of Oxford,
a plan of government reform. During the period of truce (1258-63) between
the barons and King Henry III, Le Despenser became (1260) chief justiciar of
England. Upon the outbreak of the Barons' War, however, he sided with the
barons' leader, Simon de Montfort, serving as Montfort's justiciar in 1264.
Le Despenser was killed in the Battle of Evesham; in that battle the barons
were defeated by Henry's son, Prince Edward, who later became king as Edward
I. Maud De Clifford ~1170 - 1243 Thomas De Berkeley 73 73 Living Wieser ~1174 - 1276 Joan De Somery 102 102 1218 - 1281 Maurice De Berkeley 63 63 Maurice IV De Craon Jeanne Maurice V De Craon Jean De Chƒtelleraud Agatha De Dammartin Jeanne De Chƒtelleraud Isabel De Valance ~1223 - 1276 Isabel De Craon 53 53 Living Wieser ~1002 - 1093 Roger (Robert) D'eu 91 91 ~1020 - 1085 Beatrice 65 65 ~1055 - <1100 Guillaume D'eu 45 45 Robert (Roger) De Bushli Muriel Chapel ~1075 Beatrice De Bushli ~1086 Guillaume 'simplex' De Champagne Gilon De Sully Agnes De Sully Living Wieser ~1102 - 1140 Henri I D'eu 38 38 ~1106 - 1145 Margaret De Champagne 39 39 ~1128 - 1170 Jean D'eu 42 42 ~1132 - 1188 Alice D'aubigny 56 56 ~1154 - 1182 Henri II D'eu 28 28 Living Wieser ~1163 - ~1209 Maud Plantagenet De Warren 46 46 ~1179 - 1246 Alice D'eu 67 67 ~1167 - 1219 Raoul De Lusignan 52 52 ~1200 - 1241 Maud De Lusignan 41 41 ~1090 - 1197 Beatrice De Mandeville 107 107 ~1094 Geoffrey De Say Hawise De Clare ~1112 - 1144 William De Say 32 32 ~1087 Humphrey II De Bohun Living Wieser ~1089 Maud D'evreux ~1137 - 1177 William De Say 40 40 Ermengarde De Beaumont ~1141 Anfrica Of Scotland ~1169 - <1197 Beatrix De Say 28 28 ~1200 - 1236 Maud Fitzgeoffrey 36 36 ~1120 - 1187 Humphrey III De Bohun 67 67 ~1126 - 1146 Margaret Fitzmiles 20 20 ~1150 - 1182 Humphrey IV De Bohun 32 32 ~1176 - 1220 Henry De Bohun 44 44 1st Earl of Hereford; Lord Consatble of England; died on pilgimage. Living Bunker 1198 - 1275 Humphrey V De Bohun 77 77 ~1224 - 1265 Humphrey Vi De Bohun 41 41 Killed in Battle. ~1224 - ~1251 Alianore (Eleanor) De Braose 27 27 1248 - 1298 Humphrey Vii De Bohun 50 50 Killed in battle. ~1250 - 1290 Maud De Fiennes 40 40 1756 - 1818 John Douglas 61 61 D. 1817 Frances Lascelles D. 1768 James Douglas D. 1805 Bridget Heathcote ~1662 - 1738 George Douglas 76 76 Living Maguire Frances Adderly D. 1686 James Douglas Anne Hay ~1582 - 1648 William Douglas 66 66 D. 1648 Anne Keith D. <1587 Robert Douglas Jean Lyon D. 1578 John Lyon Elizabeth Abernathy D. 1559 John Lyon Living Maguire Janet Keith D. 1528 John Lyon Janet Douglas D. ~1500 John Lyon Elizabeth Gray D. 1497 John Lyon Elizabeth Scrymgeour D. 1459 Patrick Lyon D. ~1484 Isabel Ogilvy D. ~1435 John Lyon Living Maguire Elizabeth Graham D. 1382 John Lyon Was murdered. Jean Stewart D. 1413 Patrick Graham Was murdered. D. 1415 Euphemia Stewart D. 1389 David Stewart D. ~1397 Euphemia Of Ross ~1267 - 1325 Hugh De Aldithley 58 58 ~1265 - 1342 Isolda Mortimer 77 77 D. ~1623 George Kieth Margaret Home William Keith D. ~1581 William Keith Margaret Keith D. 1513 Robert Keith Killed in battle. Beatrice Douglas William Keith Elizabeth Gordon William Keith Muriella Erskine D. 1502 George Gordon Elizabeth Hay Thomas Erskine Janet Douglas D. 1470 Alexander Seton Elizabeth Crichton D. ~1462 William Hay Beatrix Douglas Alexander Seton Elizabeth Gordon D. 1436 Gilbert Of Hay Alice Of Yester D. ~1402 Adam Gordon Killed in battle. Jean De Keith D. ~1437 William De La Hay Margaret Gray William Hay Alice Hay Robert Keith Elizabeth Lindsay D. 1406 Thomas De La Haye Elizabeth Stewart ~1366 - 1406 David Lindsay 40 40 Catherine Stewart D. 1346 David De La Haye Killed in batttle. N.n. Keith D. ~1332 Nicholas De La Haye Killed in Battle. D. 1333 Gilbert De La Haye D. 1306 Nicholas De La Haye Joan 1669 - 1763 Mary Bass 94 94 Gilbert De La Hay Idoine De Comyn Elizabeth Hay D. 1567 Helen Stuart Was killed by poisoning. John Stewart Was murdered. Elizabeth Stewart D. 1513 Matthew Stewart Killed in battle. D. >1531 Elizabeth Hamilton D. 1709 William Hay ~1256 - 1325 John De Segrave 69 69 1663 - 1690 Christopher Webb 27 27 ~1263 - 1331 Christine De Plessey 68 68 ~1204 John De Braose ~1220 - 1291 William De Braose 71 71 Thomas De Multon Maud De Vaux ~1230 Aline De Multon ~1251 - 1326 William De Braose 75 75 ~1275 - 1313 Richard (Roger) Halys 38 38 Alice 1688 - 1711 Sarah Webb 22 22 ~1302 - 1327 Alice Hayls 25 25 ~1320 - 1399 Margaret Plantagenet 79 79 ~1310 Alice Fitzalan ~1280 - 1325 Stephen De Segrave 45 45 ~1315 - 1353 John De Segrave 38 38 1338 Elizabeth De Segrave Bardolf Revensworth D. 1135 Stephen I Hawise Of Guincamp Maud Of Brittany 1689 - 1743 Samuel Arnold 54 54 ~1107 Walter De Gant ~1120 Alice De Gant Gundred De Gournai Nele (Nigel) D'aubigny ~1119 - ~1188 Roger De Mowbray 69 69 ~1146 - 1191 Nele (Nigel) De Mowbray 45 45 Willam Fitzpatrick Eleanor De Maniers ~1148 - 1203 Mabel Fitzpatrick 55 55 1172 - 1223 William De Mowbray 51 51 1665 - 1739 Elizabeth Alden 74 74 ~1125 - 1207 Simon De Beauchamp 82 82 Isabel William De Beauchamp ~1176 Avice ~1218 - ~1266 Roger De Mowbray 48 48 Avice ~1236 - 1273 Matilda (Maud) De Beauchamp 37 37 ~1254 - ~1296 Roger De Mowbray 42 42 1286 - 1322 John De Mowbray 35 35 Was executed. ~1255 - 1317 Elizabeth Sully 62 62 1676 - 1702 Simon Willard 25 25 ~1286 - 1331 Aline De Braose 45 45 1310 - 1361 John De Mowbray 50 50 Died of the plague. ~1334 - 1368 John De Mowbray 34 34 Catherine Cecil ~1619 - ~1659 Charles Cecil 40 40 D. 1675 Diana Maxwell 1591 - 1668 William Cecil 77 77 Catherine Howard 1561 - 1626 Thomas Howard 64 64 D. 1633 Catherine Knevet 1702 Abigail Willard 1536 - 1572 Thomas Howard 36 36 English soldier and politician, son of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. Thomas
inherited the dukedom from his grandfather the 3d duke of Norfolk. In 1559
he commanded an English army sent to Scotland, and in 1568 he became
president of the commission appointed by Elizabeth I, queen of England, to
investigate the affairs of Mary, queen of Scots. The following year he was
arrested and imprisoned, by order of Elizabeth, for plotting to marry Mary,
who was at that time in his custody. After his release in 1570 he began
negotiations with Philip II of Spain in regard to a plan for a Spanish
invasion of England. the plot was discovered in 1571, and he was arrested
and beheaded the following year. D. 1563 Margaret Audley ~1517 - 1547 Henry Howard 30 30 English soldier and poet, son of Thomas Howard, 3d duke of Norfolk. He was
given his title by courtesy in 1524, when his father became duke of Norfolk.
Howard served in the war with Scotland in 1542, and in 1543 he fought in
Flanders with the English army on the side of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V,
who was seeking to acquire the Netherlands. The following year he was
wounded at the siege of Montreuil; in 1545 and 1546 he was commander of the
garrison of Boulogne. Quick-tempered and quarrelsome, he made many enemies
and was imprisoned several times for misconduct. Arrested with his father on
trumped-up charges of treason, he was condemned and executed in 1547.

Although not primarily a man of letters, Howard greatly enriched English
literature by his introduction of new verse forms. His love poems, like
those of his contemporary Sir Thomas Wyatt, show the influence of Italian
models. The two share the distinction of having introduced the sonnet to
English literature. Howard's translation of the second and third books of
the Aeneid by Vergil was written in blank verse of five iambic feet, the
first use of this form in English. Forty of his poems were printed
posthumously in 1557 in Songs and Sonettes, Written by the Ryght Honorable
Lorde Henry Howard, Late Earle of Surrey, and Others, and in the same year
his translations from Vergil appeared as Certain Bokes of Virgiles Aeneis
Turned into English Meter. D. 1577 Frances De Vere ~1473 - 1554 Thomas Howard 81 81 Thomas Howard, English nobleman and court intriguer during the reign of
Henry VIII. The eldest son of Thomas Howard, 2d duke of Norfolk, he
commanded the English vanguard at Flodden Field and was made earl when his
father regained the family dukedom. On the death of his father he succeeded
to the dukedom and became the most powerful peer in England. Norfolk led the
party opposed to the policies of the lord chancellor, Cardinal Thomas
Wolsey. He favored Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and his
marriage to Anne Boleyn, who was Norfolk's niece. As Henry's pliant tool,
however, he also presided at Anne's trial and execution in 1536. That same
year he repressed the rebellion of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a protest
against the confiscation of monastic properties, from which he profited
handsomely. In 1540 Norfolk arrested Henry's secretary, Thomas Cromwell,
earl of Essex, who had lost favor with the king. With the execution of his
niece, Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife, in 1542, Norfolk lost his
influence at court. When his son, the poet Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, was
arrested for treason, Norfolk was charged with complicity; and was condemned
and attainted with his son. His son was executed in 1547, but the subsequent
death of the king prevented Norfolk's execution. He remained a prisoner
until the accession of Mary I in 1533, when his lands and titles were
restored. ~1497 - 1558 Elizabeth Stafford 61 61 D. 1539 John De Vere Elizabeth Trussel 1443 - 1524 Thomas Howard 81 81 Thomas Howard, English military commander and courtier, the only son of John
Howard, 1st duke of Norfolk. He was created earl of Surrey in 1483 when his
father was made duke of Norfolk. At the Battle of Bosworth Field, where his
father was killed, he was wounded and taken prisoner. As he had fought on
the losing side, his titles were attainted and he was imprisoned until 1489.
on his release his earldom was restored; he was placed in command of the
defense of the Scottish border and soon recognized as the chief general in
England. in 1513 he led the forces that defeated the invading Scots at
Flodden Field, and in the following year he became duke of Norfolk. When
King Henry VIII went to the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, Norfolk was
left to guard the kingdom. the following year he presided at the trial for
treason of his friend Edward Stafford, 3d duke of Buckingham, on whom he
passed a sentence of death. He retired in 1523. ~1465 - 1497 Elizabeth Tilney 32 32 1701 - 1754 Joseph Bridgham 53 53 ~1478 - ~1521 Edward Stafford 43 43 Political rival of Henry VIII of England. The eldest son of Henry Stafford,
2d duke of Buckingham, Edward Stafford inherited his father's title when
Henry VII became king in 1485. Under Henry VIII he became a privy councillor
and lord high constable, but because he had a claim to the throne as a
descendant of Edward III, Henry regarded him as a potential threat. Having
also aroused the enmity of Henry's chief minister, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey,
Buckingham was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London in April 1521.
He was convicted of plotting against the king and was beheaded the following
month. N.n. John De Vere Alice Kilrington ~1430 - 1485 John Howard 55 55 John Howard, also known as Jack of Norfolk, English nobleman and military
commander, who took part, on the Yorkist side, in the Wars of the Roses. He
was knighted by King Edward IV shortly after his accession in 1461, and
although he was created a baron by the Lancastrian Henry VI on his
restoration in 1470, Howard did not abandon the Yorkist cause; he fought in
France for King Edward in 1475. Upon Edward's death in 1483, however, he
supported Edward's younger brother, Richard, duke of Gloucester, later King
Richard III, who usurped the throne from Edward's son. Richard III made
Howard duke of Norfolk and earl marshal of England in 1483. He was killed
with Richard in the battle at Bosworth. ~1424 Catherine Moleyns 1455 - 1493 Henry Stafford 38 38 English nobleman prominent during the reign of Richard III. A descendant of
King Edward III on both his father's and his mother's side, Stafford became
duke of Buckingham in 1460. When Edward IV died in 1483, Buckingham
supported the deposition of Edward's young son Edward V by Richard, duke of
Gloucester, and was named lord high constable of England when Gloucester
became king as Richard III. In October of the same year, Buckingham led a
rebellion against Richard, perhaps intending to seize the throne for
himself. He was captured and executed for treason the following month. ~1458 - 1525 Catherine Wydville 67 67 Robert De Vere Jeane Courtenay 1729 - 1804 John Bridgham 74 74 ~1384 - ~1436 Robert Howard 52 52 ~1387 Margaret De Mowbray ~1424 - 1455 Humphrey Stafford 31 31 Killed in Battle of St. Albans, War of the Roses. ~1437 Margaret Beaufort ~1385 - 1417 Richard De Vere 32 32 Alice Serjeaux Hugh Courtenay Philippe Arcedekene 1402 - 1460 Humphrey 57 57 Earl of Stafford; killed in battle. ~1411 - 1480 Anne Neville 69 69 Joanna Comer ~1338 - 1400 Aubrey De Vere 62 62 Alice Fitzwalter D. <1372 Edward Courtenay Emmeline Dawnay 1377 - 1403 Edmund Of Stafford 26 26 Killed in Battle. 1383 - 1438 Anne Plantagenet 55 55 ~1375 - 1440 Joan Beaufort 65 65 1311 - 1359 John De Vere 47 47 Killed in battle. Maud De Badlesmere 1326 - 1349 Hugh Courtenay 23 23 D. 1851 Joseph Bridgham Elizabeth De Vere 1356 - 1397 Thomas Of Woodstock 41 41 Was murdered. D. 1399 Eleanor De Bohun Alphonsus De Vere Jane Foliot 1303 - 1337 Hugh Courtenay 33 33 Baron of Okehampton D. 1391 Margaret De Bohun Will dated January 28, 1390-1. D. ~1372 Humphrey X De Bohun D. 1340 Hugh De Courtenay Agnes St. John 1770 - 1840 Betsy Lane 70 70 D. ~1361 Humphrey Ix De Bohun 1248 - 1291 Hugh De Courtenay 42 42 ~1240 - 1328 Eleanor Le Despencer 88 88 D. ~1335 John De Bohun ~1218 - 1274 John De Courtenay 56 56 ~1186 Isabel De Vere ~1170 - 1242 Robert De Courtenay 72 72 ~1196 Maud De Reviers ~1125 - 1194 Renaud II De Courtenay 69 69 Hawise De Couci 1795 - 1836 Betsy Bridgham 41 41 Guillaume De Couci ~1050 Margaret (Maud) D'avranches ~1025 - ~1082 Richard De Gernon 57 57 Vicomte le Goz - COMYNI.GED (Compuserve) ~1032 Emma De Conteville Anne Douglas D. 1644 George Hay D. 1677 William Hay 1710 - 1771 John Howland Russell 60 60 1680 - 1711 Wriothesley Russell 30 30 Elizabeth Howland 1787 - 1846 James Dunning 58 58 1613 - 1700 William Russell 87 87 Earl of Russell 1615 - 1684 Anne Carr 68 68 ~1590 - 1645 Robert Carr 55 55 Frances Howard 1710 - 1735 Diana Spencer 25 25 1739 - 1767 Francis Russell 27 27 D. 1768 Elizabeth Keppel 1766 - 1839 John Russell 73 73 D. 1853 Georgiana Gordon 1682 - 1745 Charles Spencer 63 63 1823 - 1910 Edwing Dunning 86 86 1682 - 1716 Anne Churchill 34 34 1641 - 1702 Robert Spencer 61 61 1646 - 1715 Anne Digby 69 69 1620 - 1643 Henry Spencer 22 22 Killed in Battle of Newberry. 1617 - 1684 Dorothy Sidney 67 67 1595 - 1677 Robert Sidney 81 81 1598 - 1659 Dorothy Percy 61 61 1563 - 1626 Robert Sydney 62 62 ~1564 - 1621 Barbara Gamage 57 57 1564 - 1632 Henry Percy 68 68 1827 - 1903 Emily Adeline Bither 75 75 ~1568 - 1619 Dorothy Devereux 51 51 1529 - 1586 Henry Sidney 56 56 ~1533 - 1586 Mary Dudley 53 53 1522 - 1585 Henry Percy 63 63 Was murdered. 1546 - 1596 Catherine Nevill 50 50 ~1508 William Sydney Anne Brandon ~1502 - 1553 John Dudley 51 51 English courtier and military commander. His father, Edmund Dudley, a lawyer
involved in tax extortion under King Henry VII, was executed upon the
accession of King Henry VIII. Dudley's mother remarried, and his stepfather
gained him favor at court. He was made governor of Calais in 1538 and warden
of the Scottish marches in 1542, the year he was elevated to the peerage as
Viscount Lisle. He was created earl of Warwick in 1546. Upon the accession
of King Edward VI, a minor, in 1547, Dudley became joint regent and lord
chamberlain of England. After subduing a Scottish rebellion in 1547, he
embarked on a struggle for power with the Seymour family, headed by Edward
Seymour. Dudley was created duke of Northumberland in 1550 and two years
later disposed of his rival, Seymour, by having him tried and executed on
false charges. Subsequently, he conspired to gain the succession to the
English throne for his heirs by marrying his son, Guildford (died 1554), to
Lady Jane Grey. His resistance to the accession of Queen Mary I led to his
execution in 1553. 1504 - 1555 Jane Guilford 51 51 ~1504 - 1537 Thomas Percy 33 33 Was beheaded. ~1462 - 1510 Edmund Dudley 48 48 A lawyer involved in tax extortion under Henry VII, was executed upon the accession of Henry VIII. ~1470 - >1530 Elizabeth Grey 60 60 1478 - 1531 Henry Algeron Percy 53 53 1477 Catherine Spencer ~1427 - 1503 John Dudley 76 76 ~1440 - 1499 Elizabeth Bremshot 59 59 ~1449 - 1489 Henry Percy 40 40 Was murdered. ~1453 - ~1485 Maud Herbert 32 32 ~1430 Robert Spencer ~1431 - 1501 Eleanor Beaufort 70 70 1400 - 1487 John Sutton 87 87 ~1400 - 1478 Elizabeth Berkeley 78 78 ~1380 - 1406 John Sutton 26 26 ~1380 - 1432 Constance Blount 52 52 1351 - ~1428 John Berkeley 77 77 ~1353 Elizabeth Betteshorne ~1392 - 1429 Richard Poynings 37 37 ~1400 - 1455 Alianore Berkeley 55 55 ~1350 - 1403 Walter Blount 53 53 ~1360 - ~1418 Sancha De Ayala 58 58 ~1310 - 1385 Katharine Clivedon 75 75 1382 - 1446 Robert Poynings 63 63 ~1388 - ~1443 Isabella Eleanor Grey 55 55 ~1298 - ~1358 John Blount 60 60 ~1307 - 1391 Eleanor Beauchamp 84 84 ~1362 - 1440 Reynold De Grey 78 78 ~1366 - <1414 Margaret De Ros 48 48 ~1270 Walter Blount ~1274 Johanna De Sodington 1306 - 1343 John Beauchamp 36 36 ~1308 - 1361 Margaret St. John 53 53 ~1332 - 1388 Reginald De Grey 56 56 Eleanor Le Strange ~1368 - 1414 William De Ros 46 46 ~1372 - 1439 Margaret Fitzalan 67 67 1274 - 1336 John De Beauchamp 62 62 ~1279 - 1327 Joan (Chenduit) Cheney 48 48 1273 - 1329 John St. John 55 55 ~1283 Isabel Courtenay ~1270 - 1352 Roger De Grey 82 82 1833 - 1919 Teresa Mayer 86 86 Elizabeth Hastings 1336 - 1383 Thomas De Ros 47 47 ~1339 - 1415 Beatrice Stafford 76 76 ~1348 - 1379 John Fitzalan 31 31 Second son; drowned in Irish Sea. ~1367 - 1405 Elizabeth Despencer 38 38 ~1248 - 1283 John De Beauchamp 35 35 ~1252 - 1320 Cecelia De Vivonia 68 68 ~1240 - 1323 John De Grey 83 83 Maud Basset ~1285 - 1342 William De Ros 57 57 1831 - 1891 Antone Pfitzer 60 60 ~1306 - 1363 Margaret De Badlesmere 57 57 ~1338 - 1379 John Fitzalan 41 41 Drowned in Irish Sea. ABT 1345/46 - 1404 Eleanor Maltravers Giles De Beauchamp N.n. ~1242 - 1265 Ralph Basset 23 23 ~1251 - 1293 Margaret De Somery 42 42 D. ~1306 Walter De Beauchamp Alice De Toeni ~1235 - 1264 Roger V De Toeni 29 29 1886 - 1979 Ida Mabel Koetting 93 93 ~1228 Alice De Bohun ~1189 - ~1239 Ralf Vi De Toeni 50 50 ~1208 Petronilla De Malmains ~1160 - 1209 Roger IV Toeni 49 49 Constance De Beaumont D. ~1162 Ralf V De Toeni Margaret De Beaumont ~1104 - ~1176 Roger III De Toeni 72 72 Ida D'hainault <1270 Matilda De Vaux 1882 - 1982 Paul Louis Diehl 99 99 1743 - 1827 Alexander Gordon 83 83 D. 1812 Jane Maxwell D. 1779 Cosmo George Gordon D. 1779 Catherine Gordon D. 1728 Alexander Gordon D. 1760 Henrietta Mordaunt D. 1716 George Gordon Marquess of Huntley D. 1732 Elizabeth Howard D. ~1653 Lewis Gordon Mary Grant 1899 Johanna Heinz 1628 - 1683 Henry Howard 54 54 D. ~1662 Anne Somerset D. 1649 George Gordon D. 1638 Anne Campbell 1608 - 1652 Henry Frederick Furnivall 43 43 D. 1673 Elizabeth Stuart D. 1667 Edward Somerset D. 1635 Elizabeth Dormer D. 1636 George Gordon Henrietta Stewart 1896 Guy Wieser 1585 - 1646 Thomas Howard 61 61 D. 1654 Alathea Talbot Baroness Strange; Baroness Talbot; Baroness Furnivall. ~1579 - 1624 Esm‚ Stuart 45 45 Earl of March D. 1637 Katherine Clifton D. 1646 Henry Somerset Earl of Somerset D. 1639 Anne Russell ~1542 - 1583 Esm‚ Stuart 41 41 D. ~1631 Catherine De Balsac 1557 - 1595 Philip Howard 38 38 Anne Dacre Living Rosado 1552 - 1616 Gilbert De Furnivall 63 63 Mary Cavendish D. 1627 Edward Somerset D. 1621 Elizabeth Hastings D. 1567 John Stuart Anne De La Quelle D. 1557 Mary Fitzalan ~1528 - 1607 George Talbot 79 79 D. ~1566 Gertrude Manners D. 1588 William Somerset Living Pazo Christian North D. 1604 George Hastings Dorothy Port ~1500 - 1560 Francis De Furnivall 60 60 Mary Dacre D. 1543 Thomas Manners D. ~1550 Eleanor Paston ~1514 - 1561 Francis Hastings 47 47 Katherine Pole ~1468 - 1538 George Talbot 70 70 1893 Catherine Perrygrove Anne Hastings D. 1513 George Manners ~1474 - 1526 Anne St. Leger 52 52 ~1489 - 1544 George Hastings 55 55 ~1493 Anne Stafford Henry Pole N.n. 1448 - 1473 John De Furnivall 24 24 D. 1476 Catherine Stafford Robert Manners 1889 Thomas Patrick Maguire D. ~1487 Eleanor De Ros ~1419 - 1483 Thomas St. Leger 64 64 1439 - 1475 Anne Plantagenet 35 35 ~1467 - 1533 Mary Hungerford 66 66 Baroness Moleyns; Baroness Hungerford; Baroness Botreaux. D. 1504 Richard Pole 1473 - 1521 Margaret Plantagenet 47 47 Married by King Henry VII to Sir Richard Pole. Given the family lands of the
earldom of Salisbury in fee by King Henry VIII who was desirous to atone for
the executiuon of her brother, Edward, Earl of Warwick.  Created Countess of
Salisbury and Governess to Princess Mary Tudor.  Refused on marriage of Henry
VIII to Anne Boleyn to give up the Prioncesses jewels.  Returned to court
after Anne's fall in 1536.  Compromised by her son Reginald's book "De Unitate
Ecclesiastica".  For which, despite her comdemnation of the work, Henry VIII
resolved to destroy the whole family.  She was included in the Act of
Attainder May 1539 and beheaded May 1541, leaving issue.e Plantagenets.
The last of the Plantagenets. Beatified by Pope Leo XIII on 20 Dec 1880.
{Dictionary of National Biography and Burke's Peerage} ~1411 - 1460 John Earl Talbot 49 49 Knight; Killed in battle. ~1426 - 1473 Elizabeth Butler 47 47 1427 - 1464 Thomas De Ros 36 36 Was beheaded. Philippa Tiptoft ~1437 - 1468 Thomas Hungerford 31 31 Was executed. ~1436 - 1522 Anne Percy 86 86 1449 - 1477 George Plantagenet 27 27 George Plantagenet, son of Richard, duke of York, and brother of Edward IV,
king of England, born in Dublin. The title duke of Clarence was revived for
him in 1461 by Edward, and the following year he became lord lieutenant of
Ireland. In 1469, in defiance of his brother, he married a daughter of
Richard Neville, earl of Warwick. During the Wars of the Roses, Clarence
first supported Warwick and the deposed Lancastrian king, Henry VI, against
his brother Edward IV, but he later turned to aid Edward and the Yorkist
faction. After the death of his father-in-law in 1471, Clarence shared the
Warwick estates with his brother Richard, duke of Gloucester (later King
Richard III), but retained the title earl of Warwick. Suspected of seeking
the crown, Clarence was imprisoned, convicted by Parliament, and murdered in
the Tower of London. His only son, Edward, earl of Warwick (1475-99), was
imprisoned in the tower at the age of ten and was beheaded on the order of
the Tudor king Henry VII. Shakespeare recounted the story of Clarence in
Henry VI, Part III and Richard III. 1451 - 1476 Isabel Neville 25 25 ~1383 - 1453 John Earl Talbot 70 70 Knight; killed in Battle of Chastillon. ~1391 - <1421 Maud Neville 30 30 1610 - 1688 James Butler 77 77 1619 - 1684 Elizabeth Preston 64 64 D. 1431 Thomas De Ros 1428 - 1471 Richard 'the Kingmaker' Neville 42 42 Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of (1428-71), English statesman, called the
Kingmaker, eldest son of the 1st earl of Salisbury. In 1449, Henry VI, king of
England, granted Neville the earldom of Warwick, which had belonged to
Neville's wife's family. During the Wars of the Roses, he supported the
Yorkist faction. He was rewarded with the governorship of Calais in France in
1456. He took part in the Yorkist victories at Northampton in 1460 and at
Towton in 1461. Henry was deposed from the throne of England and the Yorkist
Edward IV was proclaimed king in 1461. Warwick then virtually ruled the
kingdom until 1464. Increasingly at odds with Edward, he fled to France in
1470 and allied himself with Margaret of Anjou, whose husband, the deposed
Henry VI, was being held prisoner in the Tower of London. That same year
Warwick invaded England as a Lancastrian and defeated Edward IV. Warwick had
Henry released from imprisonment in September 1470 and restored him to the
throne. When Edward IV returned and the Yorkists rallied to his banner,
Warwick was outmaneuvered. He was slain in the Battle of Barnet. Anne De Beauchamp D. 1396 Richard Talbot Thomas Neville Joane De Furnivall D. 1619 Thomas Butler Drowned. Elizabeth Poyntz ~1400 - 1460 Richard Neville 60 60 Was beheaded. ~1405 - ~1462 Alice Montagu 57 57 D. 1387 Gilbert De Talbot Petronilla Botiler D. 1632 Walter Butler D. 1631 Helen Butler ~1388 - 1428 Thomas Montagu 40 40 D. ~1356 Richard De Talbot Elizabeth De Comyn ~1305 - 1337 James Butler 32 32 D. 1363 Eleanor De Bohun D. 1570 John Butler Katherine Macartie D. 1305 John 'the Red' Comyn Was murdered by The Bruce. Joan De Valence D. 1321 Edmund Le Botiler Joan Fitzgerald D. 1646 James Butler Joan Fiitzgerald D. ~1274 John 'the Black' Comyn Marjory (Alianora) De Baliol ~1242 - 1285 Theobald Le Botiler 43 43 1250 - ~1302 Joan Fitzgeoffrey 52 52 D. 1539 Piers Butler Hannah Scott Margaret Fitzgerald John 'the Red' Comyn D. 1268 John De Baliol Baliol, John de, English nobleman and patron of learning. Married to the
wealthy Scottish heiress Dervorguilla (1213?-90), who had family connections
with the royal house, he was a member of the Scottish regency council during
the minority of Alexander III. In 1263 he awarded benefactions to a group of
scholars and donated lands for the endowment of a school at Oxford that
became known as Balliol College. His son, John de Baliol, became king of
Scotland in 1292. The name is also spelled Balliol. D. 1290 Devorguilla Of Galloway ~1216 - ~1248 Theobald Le Botiler 32 32 Margery De Burgh James Butler Sabh Kavanagh D. 1513 Gerald Fitzgerald D. 1516 Elizabeth St. John Christopher Webb Rickard De Burgh N.n. Madden Richard Butler Catherine O'reilly D. 1477 Thomas Fitzgerald D. ~1486 Joan Fitzgerald N.n. De Burgh N.n. Mary Arnold ~1362 - 1382 James Butler 20 20 ~1359 - >1396 Anne De Wells 37 37 D. 1427 John Fitzgerald Margaret De La Herne ~1467 - ~1487 Ulick De Burgh 20 20 N.n. D. 1382 James Butler Elizabeth Darcy ~1318 - 1390 Maurice Fitzgerald 72 72 Elizabeth Burghersh 1664 - 1697 Ephriam Arnold 33 33 Several Generations De Burgh N.n. D. 1328 Thomas Fitzgerald D. 1359 Joan De Burgh William Uachtar De Burgh N.n. ~1290 - 1313 John De Burgh 23 23 1295 - 1360 Elizabeth De Clare 65 65 Founded Clare College at the University of Cambridge. William De Burgh N.n. Abigail Sherman ~1259 - 1326 Richard De Burgh 67 67 y ~1262 - ~1303 Margaret De Burgh 41 41 ~1200 - 1243 Richard De Burgh 43 43 Govenor of Ireland ~1200 Gille De Lacy 1232 - 1271 Walter De Burgh 39 39 ~1248 - 1274 Aveline Fitzjohn 26 26 D. ~1279 John II De Burgh D. <1273 Cecily De Baliol 1177 - ~1205 William Fitzadelm De Burgh 28 28 ~1186 - 1237 Joan (Isabel) Plantagenet 51 51 Samuel Willard ~1210 - ~1275 John I De Burgh 65 65 D. ~1249 Hawise De Lanvallei Adelm De Burgo Agnes De France 1197 - ~1243 Hubert De Burgh 46 46 Burgh, Hubert de (flourished 1197-1243), English statesman. He was in the
service of King Richard I, and by 1201 he had become chamberlain to King John.
According to Ralph of Coggeshall, a contemporary English chronicler, after the
English subjugated Normandy, Burgh, as jailer, refused to obey a royal order
to mutilate his prisoner Arthur, duke of Brittany. Burgh also is said to have
urged John to grant the Magna Carta. In 1215 the king appointed Burgh chief
justiciar, or justice, of England, an office he held for 17 years. In 1217,
after Louis VIII of France had invaded England, Burgh won a naval victory that
forced Louis to withdraw and renounce his claims to the English crown. From
1219 until 1227 Burgh was virtual ruler of England as regent for John's
successor, Henry III. When Henry attained his majority in 1227, he made Burgh
earl of Kent. Later the two men quarreled about a military expedition to
France and royal subservience to the papacy. Charged with treason in 1232,
Burgh was jailed and stripped of his title and estates. These were restored in
1234, when he received a full pardon. D. 1214 Beatrice De Warenne John De Burgh Alice Beatrix De Pierrepont Mercy Wensley D. 1208 William De Warren Elizabeth Browne 1631 - 1709 Joseph Bridgham 77 77 ~1110 John D'estouteville Alice Of Durham ~1135 - 1183 Maldred Fitzdolfin 48 48 Agnes N.n. D'estouteville ~1150 - 1193 Geoffrey De Neville 43 43 1767 - 1825 Agnes (Anna) Thoms 58 58 ~1154 Emma De Bulmer ~1170 - ~1242 Robert Fitzmaldred 72 72 ~1175 - 1254 Isabel De Neville 79 79 ~1207 - 1242 Geoffrey Fitzrobert De Neville 35 35 Ribald Of Middleham Beatrice Ralph Talybois 1765 - 1839 James Dunning 73 73 ~1110 Agatha De Brus ~1145 Robert Talybois ~1112 - 1190 Ranulph De Glanville 78 78 ~1120 Bertha Valoines Helewise De Glanville ~1186 Cecilia De Fontaines ~1182 - 1228 Hugh De Baliol 46 46 1788 - 1861 Sarah Or Sally Killbrath 72 72 ~1206 - 1251 Ada De Baliol 45 45 ~1195 - 1240 John Fitzrobert De Warkworth 45 45 ~1186 Mary Bigod ~1182 - 1251 Ranulf Fitzrobert 69 69 John De Longvillers D. 1319 Margaret (Joan) De Longvillers Joan Monmouth ~1241 - 1285 Geoffrey De Neville 44 44 ~1229 - 1282 Robert De Neville 53 53 Robert Bertham 1787 - 1877 Peter Bither 89 89 ~1220 Ida Bertham ~1216 Ralph Fitzrandolph ~1220 Anastasie De Percy ~1228 - 1249 Roger Fitzjohn 21 21 ~1300 - 1373 Alice De Audley 73 73 ~1240 - 1271 Robert De Neville 31 31 ~1244 Mary Fitzrandolph Isabel 1247 - 1310 Robert Fitzrobert 63 63 ~1251 Margaret La Zouche 1673 - <1757 Elizabeth Alden 84 84 1262 - 1331 Ralph (Randolph) De Neville 68 68 ~1267 Anastasia (Euphemia) Fitzrobert ~1290 - 1367 Ralph De Neville 77 77 1649 - 1711 Joseph Ball 62 62 1665 - 1743 Mary Montague 78 78 1670 - 1717 Edmund Chandler 47 47 ~1491 - 1554 Robert Dymoke 63 63 ~1472 Jane Sparrow ~1428 - 1471 Thomas Dymoke 43 43 ~1434 - 1480 Margaret De Welles 46 46 ~1402 - 1443 Philip Dymoke 41 41 ~1365 Joane Conyers ~1406 Lionel De Welles ~1406 Joan De Waterton ~1340 Christopher Conyers Anne Dacre ~1387 - 1421 Eudo De Welles 34 34 ~1388 - ~1418 Maud De Greystoke 30 30 D. ~1524 William Conyers Anne Neville ~1350 - 1421 John De Welles 71 71 1364 - 1417 Margaret (Alianor) De Mowbray 53 53 1353 - 1418 Ralph De Greystoke 64 64 ~1358 - 1418 Katherine De Clifford 60 60 D. ~1470 John Conyers Killed in battle. Alice Neville D. ~1523 Ralph Neville Isabel Booth John De Welles Maud De Ros 1333 - 1389 Roger De Clifford 56 56 ~1340 - 1402 Maud De Beauchamp 62 62 D. 1462 William Neville Joane De Fauconberg D. 1461 John Neville Killed in battle. Anne De Holland 1305 - 1344 Robert De Clifford 38 38 ~1307 - 1362 Isabella De Berkeley 55 55 1313 - 1369 Thomas De Beauchamp 56 56 Marshall of England. ~1309 Catherine Mortimer ~1319 - 1362 Walter De Fauconberg 43 43 Maud Patshull D. ~1420 John Neville Elizabeth De Holland ~1374 - 1400 Thomas De Holland 26 26 Earl of Kent; Was beheaded. ~1382 - 1425 Elizabeth Plantagenet 43 43 ~1278 - ~1315 Guy De Beauchamp 37 37 Knight. ~1283 - 1324 Alice De Toeni 41 41 ~1290 - ~1349 John De Fauconberg 59 59 N.n. D. ~1318 Walter De Fauconberg Isabel De Ros 1235 - 1264 Ralph De Toeni 29 29 ~1228 Alice (Isabel) De Bohun 1255 - 1295 Roger Vii (Ralph) De Toeni 40 40 Mary ~1451 - 1534 Robert Tailboys 83 83 ~1442 Elizabeth Heron ~1418 - 1461 John Heron 43 43 Killed in battle. ~1422 - 1438 Elizabeth Heron 16 16 ~1400 - 1425 William Heron 25 25 ~1401 Anne Ogle ~1369 - 1438 Robert Ogle 69 69 ~1382 - 1451 Maud Grey 69 69 1384 - 1415 Thomas Grey 30 30 ~1369 Alice Neville D. 1400 Thomas Grey ~1363 Catherine (Joan) De Mowbray ~1439 - ~1463 William Gascoigne 24 24 ~1443 Joan Neville ~1416 - 1481 John Neville 65 65 Elizabeth Newmarch ~1386 - 1457 Ralph Neville 71 71 <1394 - 1457 Mary De Ferrers 63 63 ~1373 - 1396 Robert De Ferrers 23 23 1791 - 1860 Charles Lennox 69 69 Duke of Lennox; Duke of Richmond. ~1764 - 1819 Charles Lennox 55 55 D. 1842 Charlotte Gordon D. ~1805 George Henry Lennox D. ~1830 Louisa Kerr D. 1750 Charles Lennox D. ~1751 Sarah Cadogan ~1710 - 1775 William Henry Kerr 65 65 D. 1778 Caroline D'arcy 1672 - 1723 Charles Stuart 50 50 D. 1722 Anne Brunenell D. 1767 William Kerr D. 1759 Margaret Nicholson 1681 - 1721 Robert Darcy 39 39 D. 1751 Fredrica Von Schomberg D. 1734 Louise De Keroua Duchess d'Aubigny; Duchess of Portsmith. D. 1722 William Kerr D. 1712 Jane Campbell D. 1688 John Darcy Bridget Sutton D. 1702 Robert Kerr D. 1700 Jean Campbell ~1620 - ~1692 Conyers Darcy 72 72 Frances Howard ~1599 - 1689 Conyers Darcy 90 90 Grace Rokeby D. 1668 Thomas Howard Elizabeth Cecil ~1570 - 1653 Conyers Darcy 83 83 Dorothy Balasyse D. 1605 Thomas Darcy Elizabeth Conyers D. 1584 Mark Kerr Helen Leslie D. ~1631 John Herries Elizabeth Maxwell D. 1557 John Conyers Maud Clifford D. 1558 George Leslie Agnes Somerville D. 1604 William Herries D. 1600 Catherine Kerr D. 1513 William Leslie Killed in Battle. Margaret Balfour D. ~1490 George Leslie Christian Halyburton Norman Leslie Christian Seton D. ~1411 George Leslie Elizabeth Hay D. 1910 Caroline Paget D. 1783 John Spencer D. 1814 Georgiana Poyntz 1708 - 1746 John Spencer 38 38 D. 1780 Georgina Carteret ~1696 - 1749 John Bingham 53 53 D. 1761 Anne Vesey Agmondesham Vesey Charlotte Sarsfield William Sarsfiled He Was the elder Brother of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, who was killed at the Battle of Landen, in Flandres. Mary Crofts Lucy Walters 1791 - 1851 Horace Beauchamp Seymour 60 60 D. 1827 Elizabeth Malet Palk ~1759 - 1801 Hugh Seymour 42 42 D. 1801 Anna Horatia Waldegrave 1718 - 1794 Francis Seymour 75 75 1726 - 1782 Isabella Fitz Roy 56 56 1679 - 1732 Francis Seymour 52 52 D. 1715 Jane Bowden 1683 - 1757 Charles Fitzroy 73 73 D. 1726 Henrietta Somerset ~1633 - 1707 Edward Seymour 74 74 D. 1724 Laetitia Popham ~1663 - ~1690 Henry Fitzroy 27 27 Earl of Euston D. 1723 Isabella Bennett 1660 - 1693 Charles Somerset 32 32 D. 1712 Rebecca Child D. 1688 Edward Seymour Anne Portman D. 1709 Barbara De Grandison ~1629 - 1699 Henry Somerset 70 70 Marquess of Somerset D. 1714 Mary Capel D. 1659 Edward Seymour Dorothy Killegrew D. 1613 Edward Seymour Elizabeth Champernowne ~1529 - ~1593 Edward Seymour 64 64 Margaret Walsh ~1500 - 1551 Edward Seymour 51 51 Seymour, Edward, protector of England (1547-50). Said to have attended both
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, he gained the favor of King Henry
VIII and was created earl of Hertford in 1537. Upon the king's death in
1547, Seymour assumed the protectorate with the consent of Henry's
9-year-old son and successor, Edward VI, who was Seymour's nephew. With
almost absolute authority, he also assumed the title duke of Somerset.
During his years as protector, he went to war against Scotland, winning the
Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Seymour's influence brought Protestant reforms
into the Church of England, including the adoption in 1549 of the Book of
Common Prayer, but his sympathy with the peasant class eventually led to his
overthrow by John Dudley, duke of Northumberland and earl of Warwick.
Seymour was imprisoned by Northumberland in 1549. He was released in 1550,
was imprisoned again in 1551, and was finally beheaded in 1552. Katherine Fillol John Seymour D. ~1550 Margaret Wentworth John Seymour Elizabeth Darrel Henry Wentworth Elizabeth Neville ~1433 Margaret Stourton D. ~1464 Philip Wentworth Mary De Clifford ~1404 - 1462 John Stourton 58 58 ~1414 Marjory Wadham D. >1452 Roger Wentworth Margery Le Despenser ~1373 - 1413 William Stourton 40 40 ~1373 Elizabeth Moyne John Stourton ~1354 - 1435 Catherine De Beaumont 81 81 ~1340 - 1369 Henry De Beaumont 29 29 Maud De Vere ~1318 - ~1342 John De Beaumont 24 24 D. 1340 Henry De Beaumont He was 1st Baron de Beaumont, Lord of the Isle of Man, and Constable of Scotland. Alice De Comyn William De Lanvallei Gunnora St. Clare D. 1204 William II De Lanvallei D. >1176 Hugh Bocland Hawise De Bocland Alice Fitzrobert D. 1217 William III De Lanvallei D. 1212 Gilbert Peche Maud Peche 1163 - 1230 Berengaria Sanchez 67 67 Berengaria (1165?-1230), queen consort of King Richard I of England. She was
the daughter of Sancho VI, king of Navarre, and was betrothed to Richard
shortly after his accession to the English throne in 1189. She joined him in
Italy in 1191, while he was traveling to Palestine on the Third Crusade, and
they were married later the same year in Limassol, Cyprus. From 1191 to 1192,
while Richard campaigned against the Saracens, she lived in Acre in Palestine,
and from 1192 to 1194, while he was a prisoner in Germany, she lived in Poitou
(now in France). After Richard's release from captivity the couple appear to
have become estranged, and modern historians agree that they were probably
never reunited. After Richard's death in 1199, Berengaria spent most of her
last years in Le Mans, France, where she died. 1650 - 1722 John Churchill 72 72 Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of (1650-1722), English general,
considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
Churchill was born in Musbury on May 26, 1650. From 1672 to 1673 he served
with distinction under his patron, the duke of York, later James II, king of
England, who commanded the English troops sent to assist France in a war
against the Netherlands. In 1682 Churchill, then a colonel, was raised to the
peerage. During the rebellion of 1685, which was led by James Scott, duke of
Monmouth, Churchill was second in command of the forces of James II and was
made a major general. Later, fearing that James intended to make Roman
Catholicism the state religion of England, Churchill joined the conspiracy to
replace James with the Dutch prince William of Orange. When William landed in
England in 1688, Churchill was promoted to lieutenant general by James and
sent to fight William, but instead he deserted to the latter. William was
crowned king as William III, and in 1689 he made Churchill a privy councillor
and earl of Marlborough.
In 1692 and again in 1696 Marlborough was charged with treason because he
corresponded with James, who was then living in exile in France; Marlborough
was not imprisoned, but he lost favor at the royal court. When James's
daughter, Anne, succeeded as queen of England in 1702, Marlborough regained
his position at court. That same year, during the War of the Spanish
Succession(see Spanish Succession, War of the), he was commander in chief of
the armies of England and the Netherlands, and he was created 1st duke of
Marlborough as a reward for his brilliant victories over the French.
Marlborough's greatest triumphs were in the battles of Blenheim (1704),
Ramillies (1706), and Oudenarde (1708).
In 1711 Marlborough was falsely accused of embezzling public funds, removed as
commander in chief, and stripped of the public offices that he had been given
in gratitude for his military exploits. He lived abroad in self-imposed exile
from 1712 to 1714. After the accession of George I as king of Great Britain,
Marlborough returned to England in 1714, and his military rank was restored to
him. He died June 16, 1722, at Windsor. ~1640 Sarah Jennings Winston Churchill Elizabeth Drake ~1621 Richard Jennings ~1625 Frances Thornhurst ~1600 John Jennings ~1600 Alice Spencer ~1598 Giffard Thornhurst ~1600 Susan Temple 1559 - 1624 Richard Spencer 65 65 ~1574 - 1614 Helen Elinora Brocket 40 40 1517 - 1586 John Spencer 69 69 ~1521 - 1586 Catherine (Katherine) Kitson 65 65 1528/38 - 1598 John Brockett 1540 Helen Lytton ~1496 - 1532 William Spencer 36 36 ~1498 - 1532 Susan (Susanna) Knightley 34 34 1485 - 1540 Thomas Kitson 55 55 1509 - 1561 Margaret Donington 52 52 ~1470 - 1552 John Spencer 82 82 ~1474 Isabel Graunt ~1455 - 1534 Richard Knightley 79 79 ~1461 - 1539 Jane Skenard 78 78 ~1427 - 1476 Richard Knightley 49 49 ~1404 - <1502 Eleanor Throckmorton 98 98 ~1435 Henry Skenard ~1439 - ~1492 Margery Harwedon 53 53 ~1395 - 1442 Richard Knightley 47 47 ~1400 - 1474 Elizabeth Purefoy 74 74 ~1496 - 1567 Eleanor Harbottle 71 71 1392 - 1452 James 'the White Earl' Butler 60 60 ~1396 - 1430 Joan Beauchamp 34 34 ~1358 - 1411 William Beauchamp 53 53 ~1365 - 1435 Joan Fitzalan 70 70 ~1338 - 1401 Thomas De Beauchamp 63 63 ~1347 - 1406 Margaret Ferrers 59 59 ~1538 John Gamage 1885 - 1955 Edmund Maurice Roche 70 70 1851 - 1920 James Boothby Burke Roche 69 69 Died at the Artillery Mansion. 1857 - 1947 Frances Ellen Work 89 89 One of Mrs. Astor's "400" 1815 - 1874 Edmund Burke Roche 59 59 1821 - 1897 Eliza Caroline Boothby 75 75 1819 - 1911 Frank Work 92 92 Millionaire speculator, broker, banker, horseowner, and protege of Commodore Vanderbuilt. 1831 - 1877 Ellen Wood 45 45 ~1788 John Work (Wark) 1790 - 1860 Sarah Duncan Boude 70 70 1785 - 1848 John Wood 62 62 1802 - 1863 Eleonor Strong 61 61 ~1764 - 1802 George Wood 38 38 1766 - 1818 Elizabeth Conner 52 52 1770 - 1812 Joseph Strong 42 42 1779 - 1862 Rebecca Young 83 83 1740 - 1809 Benajah Strong 69 69 Selectman of Coventry and member of Connecticut General Assembly in 1781 who responded to the Lexington Alarm under Capt. Elias Buell of Coventry and served as a private and corporal. 1747 - 1783 Lucy Bishop 35 35 1739 - 1784 Peter Young 45 45 ~1741 - 1796 Eleanor 55 55 1701 - 1773 Joseph Strong 71 71 1704 - 1792 Elizabeth Strong 87 87 1715 - 1785 Caleb Bishop 69 69 1722 - ~1776 Keziah Hibbard 54 54 1672 - 1763 Joseph Strong 91 91 1672 - 1724 Sarah Allen 52 52 1680 - 1765 Preserved Strong 85 85 1677 - 1750 Tabitha Lee 73 73 1682 - 1732 Ebenezer Hibbard 50 50 1686 Margaret Morgan 1633 - 1689 Thomas Strong 55 55 Thomas was a trooper under Capt. Mason of Windsor; removed with his father to Northampton 1659. ~1645 - 1714 Rachel Holton 69 69 1636 - 1684 Nehemiah Allen 48 48 1649 - 1713 Sarah Woodford 63 63 1637 - 1733 Jedediah Strong 96 96 ~1641 - 1681 Freedom Woodward 40 40 1634 - 1690 John Lee 56 56 1664 - 1710 Mary Hart 46 46 1648 - 1710 Robert Hebard 62 62 ~1654 - 1736 Mary Walden 82 82 1605 - 1699 John Strong 94 94 Hingham 1635 - 1st to draw house lots.  Freeman 1637, moved Taunton. Rep 1641- 4. Abt 1648 mvd to Windsor, Ct. made freeman of Ct. may 1651 - soon after 1660 was inhabitant of northampton, ma.  Came with John 1635 on "Hopewell".  !st wife died in Hingham, Ma. right after landing. Had 8dau and 7sons by 3 wives.
John Strong was born in Tauton, England, in 1605, whence he removed to London and afterwards to Plymouth. Having strong Puritan sympathies he sailed from Plymouth for the new world, March 20, 1630, in company with 140 persons and arrived at Nantasket, Mass. (Hull), about twelve miles southeast of Boston, after a passage of more than seventy days in length, on Sunday, May 30, 1630. After searching for a few days, they decided upon the spot which they called Dorchester, in memory of the endeared home in England. In 1635, after having assisted in founding and developing the town of Dorchester, John Strong removed to Hingham, Mass. and on March 9, 1636, took the freeman's oath at Boston. On Dec. 4, 1638, he is found to have been an inhabitant and proprietor of Tauton, Mass., and to have been made that year a freeman of Plymouth Colony. From Tauton, he moved to Windsor, Ct. and then in 1659 he removed from Windsor to Northampton, Mass., of which he was one of the first and most active founders. In Northampton he lived for forty years. He was a tanner and very prosperous in his business. He owned at different times some two hundred acres of land in and around Northampton.
His first wife he married in England. She died on the passage or soon after landing; and in about two months her infant offspring, a second child, died also. He married in December, 1630, for a second wife, Abigal Ford of Dorchester, Mass., with whom he lived in wedlock for fifty-eight years. She died, the mother of 16 children, July 6, 1688, aged about 80; he died April 14, 1699, aged 94. He had had, up to the time of his decease, 160 descendents, viz: eighteen children, fifteen of whom had families; one hundred and fourteen grandchildren and thirty-three great grandchildren, at least.

-The History of the Descendents of Elder John Strong. Benjamin W. Dwight 1610 - 1691 William Holton 81 81 1612 - 1691 Mary Winche 79 79 D. 1688 Abigail Ford 1561 - 1612 John Strong 51 51 Will of John Stronge of Chard, Proved 22 Sept. 1612
Where as the said John Stronge lieth sick of body but of good and perfect memory....to the poor of Chardland 4 shillings ....to the Church 2 shillings.... to my son John Strong, 10 pounds...to my child that my wife goeth with all 10 pounds....If either of them die it shall remain to the other, until they be of lawful year....To my brother Thomas Strong's daughter, my godaughter, 2 shillings. I give the other two, 1 shilling each....I make my wife whole executor of such goods as I have....I make my overseers My father george strong, John Bowbridge, Walter Strong. John Warry.... Witnesess:Henry Warry. 1568 Thomas Houlton ~1586 N.n. ~1588 - 1676 Thomas Ford 88 88 Thomas Ford and his family came on the MARY AND JOHN, 1630. The passage costs were 5 pounds per adult, 10 pounds per horse, 3 pounds per ton of freight.
Thomas requested admission as a freeman 19 Oct. 1630 and took the oath 18 May 1631 in Dorchester, Massachusetts. To become a freeman at that time you had to be a member of the Church.
3 Apr. 1633 - "It is agreed that a doble rayle with morteses in the posts, of 10 foote distance one from the other, shall be set up on the marish.....by the owners of the Cowes vnder named, p'portionally. 20 foote to everye cowe." Thomas Forde owed two cows.
The last record of Thomas Ford in Dorchester, Massachusetts was 5 Jul. 1636.
1637 - Thomas was one of four men who purchased a large tract from Sachem Tehano, which now includes Windsor Locks, the northern third of Windsor and the southern part of Suffield.
1637 - Granted fifty acres - Simsbury, Connecticut.
Feb. 1639/40 - George Hull, "moved the court in behalf of Thomas Ford of Windsor, that in regard the workmen are much taken up and emplyed in making a bridge and meetinghouse with them, and his work hindered of impaling in the ground which was granted him by the court for a hog-park, that there may be granted him a year longer time for the fencing it in; which was upon the reasons aforesaid, condescended to."
1644 - Thomas removed to Hartford, Connecticut. He ran an "Ordinary", as an accomodation for strangers passing through. It was located in the Scott house located on the southwest corner of State and Front Streets.
Diary of John Winthrop, Jr. - "reached the Inn of Thomas Ford at Hartford", 17 Nov. 1645. The Inn was sold to Thomas Cadwell in 1652.
1656 - Thomsa bought the homelot of William Hosford.
1658/59 - Thomas bought th Arthur Williams house and lot.
1667 Thomas helped settle the estate of Nicholas Denslow.
1669 - Thomas helped settle the estate of Elizabeth Denslow's.
1670 Apr. - Thomas Inventoried the estate of Rev. John Warham.
Thomas removed to Northampton, Massachusetts bef. 1672 where he spent the rest of his life. 1589 - 1643 Elizabeth Charde 54 54 1556 - ~1634 George Strong 78 78 Manor Court Rolls - Chardstock
Sept. 1596 - Paying homage to the manor court.
May 3, 1604 - George Strang - Assessor to view commons
July 13, 1604 - "The water in George Stronge's ditch is not able to pass but run out in the way and he must scower the same."
1629 - "We do present George Stronge for that he dothe sell fuell furses in the commons and carry them into another parish and burn them contrary to the customs of the our manor, therefore he is fined ten shillings; and that George Stronge hath pulled downe a barne builded upon posts upon his cottage and carryed the tymber into another manor and hath also rooted upp certayne apple trees growing uppon his said cottage and carryed the same out of the manor".
1631, 1632, 1633 - Fined for not cleaning his ditch.
May 20, 1635 - Presentment of the death of George Stronge since the previous court and that he was tenant of TWO COTTAGES in Chardstock towne, to which Thomas Stronge was thereupon admitted as the next tenant. [Robin Bush, pub. By M&J Clearinghouse]
1636 - "That George Stronge, tenant since the last court to the cottage in Chardstock town and doth happen to the lord for a death duty, and that Thomas Strong is the next tenant". ~1563 Elizabeth 1542 Thomas Houlton ~1546 N.n. 1566 John Ford ~1560 Ellynor Waldron 1515 John Strong 1879 - 1964 Ruth Littlejohn 84 84 1841 - 1924 David Littlejohn 83 83 1843 - 1917 Jane Crombie 74 74 1803 - 1888 William Littlejohn 84 84 1811 - 1848 Janet Bentley 37 37 1810 - 1878 James Crombie 67 67 1812 - 1893 Katherine Scott Forbes 80 80 1771/72 - 1858 John (James) Crombie 1786/87 - 1864 Catherine Harvey 1788 - 1820 Theodore Forbes 32 32 Buried at sea. ~1790 Eliza Kewark 1758 - 1824 John Forbes 66 66 1757 - 1832 Katherine Morison 75 75 1715 - 1794 George Forbes 79 79 ~1715 - 1763 Janet Keith 48 48 ~1727 - 1801 Alexander Morison 74 74 1732 - 1803 Catharine Duff 71 71 ~1691 Theodore Morison ~1695 Catharine Maitland 1701 - 1743 John Duff 42 42 ~1703 - 1767 Helen Gordon 64 64 ~1675 Alexander Duff ~1677 Katharine Duff ~1678 James Gordon ~1686 - <1720 Helen Fraser 34 34 ~1652 John Gordon ~1654 Helen Ogilvie 1654 - 1715 William Fraser 60 60 1664 - 1734 Margaret Sharpe 69 69 ~1630 - 1682 Alexander Fraser 52 52 1631 - 1658 Anne Kerr 26 26 1618 - 1679 James Sharpe 60 60 ~1622 Helen Moncrieff 1604 - 1693 Alexander Fraser 89 89 ~1592 - >1617 Elizabeth Seton 25 25 ~1605 - 1675 William Kerr 70 70 ~1618 - 1667 Anne Kerr 49 49 1578 - 1654 Robert Ker 76 76 ~1582 - <1620 Elizabeth Murray 38 38 ~1592 - 1624 Robert Kerr 32 32 Committed suicide. ~1594 - 1652 Annabella Campbell 58 58 1558 - 1609 Mark Kerr 51 51 ~1538 - 1617 Margaret Maxwell 79 79 ~1364 Thomas Ap Llywelyn ~1368 Margaret Verch Philip ~1330 Llywelyn Ap Hywel ~1329 Mawd Verch Ieuan ~1304 Hywel 'fychan' Ap Hywel ~1306 Alice Verch Llywelyn ~1281 Hywel Ap Einion ~1285 Letis Verch Cadwaladr ~1240 Cadwaladr Ap Gruffudd ~1202 Gruffudd Ap Cadwaladr ~1255 - >1281 Einion 'sais' Ap Rhys 26 26 1865 - 1957 William Smith (Twin) Gill 92 92 Alexander Ogston Gill D. 1898 Barbara Smith Marr Eneco Arista Ximenes Innigo ~1135 - <1162 Guillaume I De Dampierre 27 27 ~1135 Ermengarde De Mouchy Richilde De Clermont Dreux I De Mello N.n. De Beaumont D. 1136 Dreux II De Mello D. 1153 Dreux III De Mello Dreux IV De Mello Ermengarde De Roucy Richard Poynings ~1327 John Betteshorne ~1329 Goda <1260 John De Vaux ~1295 - 1322 Ela (Milicent) De Berkeley 27 27 ~1290 - ~1343 John Maltraves 53 53 Alianor De Gorges D. 1365 John Maltraves ~1319 - 1350 John Maltraves 31 31 ~1321 - 1375 Wensliana (Gwenthlian) 54 54 ~1591 - 1636 William Spencer 45 45 1570 - 1627 Robert Spencer 57 57 ~1571 - 1597 Margaret Willoughby 26 26 ~1551 - 1599 John Spencer 48 48 ~1555 - 1619 Mary (Margaretta) Catlin 64 64 ~1557 - 1596 Francis Willoughby 39 39 ~1546 - 1594 Elizabeth Lyttleton 48 48 ~1504 - 1574 Robert Catlin 70 70 ~1508 Anne Boles ~1517 - 1551 Henry Willoughby 34 34 ~1520 Anne Grey 1523 - 1589 John Littleton 66 66 ~1522 Bridget Pakington ~1471 Edward Willoughby ~1475 Anne Filliol 1477 - 1530 Thomas Grey 53 53 ~1481 Margaret Wotton ~1502 - 1534 John Littleton 32 32 1502 Elizabeth Talbot ~1488 - 1560 John Pakington 72 72 ~1484 - 1563 Anne Rolle Dacres 79 79 ~1461 - 1501 Thomas Grey 40 40 ~1451 - 1530 Cicely Bonville 79 79 1475 - 1507 William Littleton 32 32 1477 Mary Elizabeth Whittington ~1468 - 1542 Gilbert Talbot 74 74 1472 Anne (Agnes) Paston 1432 - 1460 John Grey 28 28 Killed at Battle of St. Albans. ~1437 - 1492 Elizabeth Woodville 55 55 Elizabeth Woodville, b. 1437, d. June 8, 1492, was the wife of King Edward IV
of England. Married to Edward in 1464, she was unpopular at the Yorkist court
because of the many favors bestowed on her family, previously Lancastrian
supporters. When Edward died (1483), his brother Richard, duke of Gloucester,
claimed that Elizabeth's two sons by Edward--Edward V and Richard of
York--were illegitimate. He imprisoned them in the Tower of London (where they
were murdered) and became king as Richard III. One of Elizabeth's daughters
later married Henry VII. 1432 - 1460 William Bonville 28 28 Killed at Battle of Wakefield. ~1435 - 1504 Catherine Neville 69 69 1434 - 1496 William Paston 62 62 ~1435 Anne Beaufort 1415 - 1457 Edward Grey 42 42 ~1418 - ~1483 Elizabeth Ferrers 65 65 ~1412 - 1469 Richard Wydeville 57 57 Was executed. 1416 - 1472 Jacquette De Luxembourg 56 56 ~1416 William Bonville ~1418 - <1457 Elizabeth Harington 39 39 ~1413 William Paston ~1417 Agnes Berry ~1381 - 1448 Joan Astley 67 67 ~1390 - 1463 Henry Ferrers 73 73 ~1396 - 1452 Isabel De Mowbray 56 56 ~1395 Blanche Vache <1344 - 1404 William Astley 60 60 ~1348 Joan Willoughby 1372 - 1445 William Ferrers 73 73 ~1371 - 1441 Philippa Clifford 70 70 1598 - 1667 Penelope Wriothesley 68 68 1573 - 1624 Henry Wriothesley 51 51 ~1572 - 1655 Elizabeth Vernon 83 83 D. 1581 Henry Wriothesley ~1550 - 1607 Mary Brown 57 57 1546 - 1592 John Vernon 46 46 ~1541 - 1583 Elizabeth Devereux 42 42 1505 - 1550 Thomas Wriothesley 44 44 ~1509 - 1574 Jane Cheney 65 65 ~1527 - 1592 Anthony Brown 65 65 1532 - 1552 Jane Radcliff 20 20 ~1520 - 1553 George Vernon 33 33 ~1522 Elizabeth Pigot ~1519 Richard Devereux ~1520 Dorothy Hastings 1500 - 1568 Anthony Brown 67 67 ~1506 - 1540 Alice Gage 34 34 ~1483 - 1542 Robert Radcliffe 59 59 ~1505 - 1533 Margaret Stanley 28 28 1488 - 1558 Walter Devereaux 70 70 ~1491 - 1537 Mary Grey 46 46 ~1443 Anthony Brown ~1466 - 1534 Lucy Neville 68 68 ~1479 - 1557 John Gage 78 78 ~1480 Philippa Guldeford 1451 - 1496 John Radcliffe 45 45 ~1453 - ~1534 Margaret Whetehill 81 81 ~1484 - 1521 Thomas Stanley 37 37 ~1486 Anne Hastings ~1461 - 1501 John Devereux 40 40 ~1464 - 1492 Cecily Bourchier 28 28 1466 - 1506 Edward Hastings 39 39 ~1402 - 1460 Thomas Browne 58 58 ~1418 Eleanor Fitzalan ~1431 - 1471 John Neville 40 40 ~1435 - 1476 Isabel Ingaldesthorpe 41 41 ~1460 - 1497 George Stanley 37 37 1463 - 1513 Joan Strange 50 50 1432 - 1485 Walter Devereux 53 53 1438 - 1468 Anna (Agnes) Ferrers 29 29 ~1433 - 1471 William Bourchier 38 38 Killed at Battle of Barnet. ~1440 - 1489 Anne Wydeville 49 49 ~1431 - 1483 William Hastings 52 52 ~1371 Robert Brown ~1375 N.n. ~1400 - ~1431 Thomas Fitzalan 31 31 ~1402 Joane Moyns ~1409 Edmund Ingaldesthorpe ~1413 Joan Tiptoft ~1438 - 1504 Eleanor Neville 66 66 1444 - 1479 John Ix Le Strange 35 35 ~1444 - <1479 Jacquetta Wydeville 35 35 1404 - 1483 Henry Bourchier 79 79 1411 - 1484 Isabel Plantagenet 73 73 1396 - 1455 Leonard Hastings 59 59 ~1400 Alice (Philipa) Camoys ~1376 Henry Moyns 1381 - 1449 Richard Le Strange 68 68 ~1404 Elizabeth Cobham ~1386 - 1420 William Bourchier 34 34 1383 - 1438 Anne Plantagenet 55 55 1431 - 1464 Robert Hungerford 33 33 1426 - 1476 Eleanor De Moleyns 50 50 1593 - 1641 Francis Russell 48 48 ~1562 - 1613 William Russell 51 51 ~1562 - 1611 Elizabeth Long 49 49 1527 - 1585 Francis Russell 58 58 ~1524 - 1562 Margaret St. John 38 38 ~1532 Henry Long ~1556 Dorothy Clarke ~1485 - 1554 John Russell 69 69 ~1489 - 1558 Anne Sapcote 69 69 ~1498 John St. John 1485 Margaret Walgrave ~1509 Richard Long ~1506 Nicholas Clarke ~1508 Elizabeth Ramsay ~1465 John St. John ~1462 Sybil Verch Morgan ~1457 - 1526 William Walgrave 69 69 1453 - 1540 Margery Wentworth 87 87 ~1450 - ~1510 Thomas Long 60 60 ~1452 Margery Darell ~1426 John St. John ~1438 Alice Bradshaw 1436 Morgan Ap Jenkyn 1438 Jane Mathew ~1425 - 1500 Thomas Waldegrave 75 75 ~1445 - 1478 Elizabeth Fray 33 33 ~1426 - 1482 Henry Wentworth 56 56 ~1413 Elizabeth Howard ~1419 John Long ~1423 Margaret Wayte ~1419 - 1474 George Darrel 55 55 ~1414 - <1440 Oliver St. John 26 26 ~1416 - 1482 Margaret Beauchamp 66 66 ~1412 Thomas Bradshaigh ~1416 N.n. Sherburne ~1415 - 1454 William Waldegrave 39 39 ~1397 - 1450 Joane De Durward 53 53 1419 John Fray ~1430 - 1478 Agnes Danvers 48 48 ~1397 - 1461 William Darrell 64 64 1400 - 1464 Elizabeth Calston 63 63 ~1392 John St. John ~1396 Elizabeth De Umfreville ~1381 - ~1412 John Beauchamp 31 31 ~1375 - 1441 Edith Stourton 66 66 1365 - 1436 John Howard 71 71 1365 - 1467 Alice Tendring 102 102 1344 William Verney Elizabeth ~1375 Alice Verney 1583 - 1652 Catherine Brydges 69 69 1548 - 1593 Giles Brydges 45 45 1553 - 1623 Frances Clinton (Fiennes) 70 70 ~1516 - 1572 Edmund Brydges 56 56 1530 - 1605 Dorothy Bray 75 75 1512 - 1584 Edward Clinton (Fiennes) 72 72 1518 - 1551 Ursula Stourton 33 33 1491 - 1557 John Brydges 66 66 ~1497 - 1559 Elizabeth Grey 62 62 ~1484 - 1539 Edmund Bray 55 55 ~1486 - 1558 Jane Halighwell 72 72 1490 - 1517 Thomas (Fiennes) Clinton 27 27 ~1490 - 1553 Joan (Mary) Poynings 63 63 1505 - 1548 William Stourton 43 43 ~1488 - 1560 Elizabeth Dudley 72 72 ~1462 - 1511 Giles Brugge 49 49 ~1475 - >1511 Isabell Baynham 36 36 ~1469 - 1511 Edmund Grey 42 42 ~1473 - 1511 Florence Hastings 38 38 1471 - 1514 John (Fiennes) Clinton 43 43 ~1474 - <1501 Elsbeth Morgan 27 27 ~1465 - 1523 Edward Poynings 58 58 ~1460 Edward Stourton ~1462 Agnes Fauntleroy ~1466 - >1500 Anne Windsor 34 34 ~1439 - 1499 John Grey 60 60 ~1450 Anne Grey ~1435 - ~1495 Ralph Hastings 60 60 ~1439 Anne Tattershall 1434 - 29 FEB 1487 John Clinton ~1452 Elizabeth Fiennes D. 1488 Elizabeth Paston ~1430 - 1478 William Stourton 48 48 ~1438 - 1503 Margaret Chidiocke 65 65 ~1420 - 1493 Reynold (Reginald) Grey 73 73 ~1430 - 1469 Tacyn (Thomasine, Tacine) Beaufort 39 39 1416 - 1490 Edmund Grey 73 73 1423 - >1475 Catherine Percy 52 52 1401 - ~1450 John Chidiocke 49 49 ~1403 - 1461 Catherine Lumley 58 58 ~1384 - 1439 John Grey 55 55 1387 - 1437 Constance De Holland 50 50 >1350 - 1399 John De Holland 49 49 1362/63 - 1425 Elizabeth Plantagenet ~1616 - 1696 Anne Russell 80 80 1586 - 1652 John Digby 65 65 1574 - 1658 Beatrice Walcott 84 84 1612 - 1676 George Digby 63 63 ~0785 - ~0828 Konstantinos 43 43 Of Adrianople. Father may be Hmayeak ~1576 N.n. 1611 - 1685 Isaac Perkins 74 74 ~1614 Susanna Wise 1642 Rebecca Perkins 29 FEB 1634 - 1706 John Hussey 1675 - 1732 John Hussey 57 57 Ann Inskeep >1703 - 1770 John Hussey 67 67 1868 - 1951 Nellie Howard Ripley 83 83 1894 - 1961 Margaret E. Wallace 67 67 ~1895 Dorothy Wallace 1930 living with parents. ~1901 Helen Wallace 1874 - 1957 Grace Irma Scott 82 82 1904 - 1998 Thomas Cushing Wallace 94 94 Name: Thomas C. Wallace
SSN: 018-10-4797
Last Residence: 24503  Lynchburg, Lynchburg City, Virginia, United States of America
Born: 6 Aug 1904
Died: 23 Dec 1998
State (Year) SSN issued: Massachusetts (Before 1951 ) 1901 - 1993 Eleanor Hamilton Wallace 91 91 1877 - 1935 William Clyde Grubbs 58 58 1930 attorney, general practice, Allegheny, PA. 1910 - 1951 Elizabeth Hamilton Grubbs 41 41 1912 - 1958 Catherine Curtis Grubbs 46 46 1874 - 1950 Frank Gillman Allen 76 76 Frank G. Allen (1874-1950)
Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1929-1931
Frank Allen served as Alvan T. Fuller's Lieutenant Governor and over the next two years continued the decade long succession of Republican executive leadership. Governor Allen established the Massachusetts Transit Authority, the state's Industrial Commission, and he appointed several women to judgeships.
Allen married Clara Winslow in 1897, after working for Winslow Brothers and Smith Company since 1893. He served as the company's president from 1912 to 1929. He entered public service serving on the Norwood Board of Assessors (1910-1915) and was chairman of the Board of Selectman (1915-1922). He was elected a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1918-1919) and served in the Massachusetts Senate (1921-1922). He served as Lieutenant Governor during Governor Fuller's administration (1925-1929), becoming Governor in 1929.
As Governor, Fuller established the Massachusetts Transit Authority, created the Port Authority, expanded facilities to care for the sick and indigent, as well as appointed two women to judgeships.
Mr. Fuller was defeated in reelection by Democrat Joseph Ely. He returned to Winslow and Smith Company, where he served as Chairman of the Board until 1950. 1928 Frank Gillman Allen 1866 - 1942 Catherin "Cassie" M. Romack 76 76 1892 Gertrude M. Cashdollar 1893 - 1964 Ethel I. Cashdollar 70 70 1920 none, with parents. ~1889 Carl J. McFarland 1930 superintendant, coal mine, Smith Twp, Washington, PA. 1894 - 1950 Gilbert Mason Geyer 56 56 1930 farmer, own farm, Adams Twp, Butler, PA. 1879 - 1968 Ella Mae Fife 88 88 Name: Ella Cashdollar
SSN: 208-10-7167
Last Residence: 15216  Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 6 Dec 1879
Died: Mar 1968
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1901 - 1988 Hazel M. Cashdollar 86 86 Name: Hazel C. Thomas
SSN: 161-50-4974
Last Residence: 15102  Bethel Park, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 23 May 1901
Died: 5 May 1988
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1973 ) 1904 - 1963 Jeannette B. Cashdollar 59 59 1911 - 1969 Carl E. Cashdollar 58 58 Name: Carl Cashdollar
SSN: 300-07-1301
Born: 19 Mar 1911
Died: Aug 1969
State (Year) SSN issued: Ohio (Before 1951 )

Name: Carl E Cashdollar
Birth Year: 1911
Race: White, citizen
Nativity State or Country: Pennsylvania
State: Pennsylvania
County or City: Allegheny

Enlistment Date: 21 Jul 1942
Enlistment State: Pennsylvania
Enlistment City: Pittsburgh
Branch: Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA
Branch Code: Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA
Grade: Private
Grade Code: Private
Term of Enlistment: Enlistment for the duration of the War or other emergency, plus six months, subject to the discretion of the President or otherwise according to law
Component: Selectees (Enlisted Men)
Source: Civil Life

Education: 1 year of high school
Civil Occupation: Actor (Motion picture actor. ) or Director, Motion Picture (Motion picture director.) or Entertainer
Marital Status: Married
Height: 70
Weight: 203 1866 - 1918 Harry H. Berrigan or Berringer 51 51 1900 merchat, general store, North Adams Twp, Butler, PA.
Died during flu epidemic. 1893 - 1968 Edna Marie Berrigan 74 74 Name: Edna Patch
SSN: 169-03-1690
Last Residence: 15145  Turtle Creek, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 13 Jun 1893
Died: Mar 1968
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 1905 - 1966 William Walter Beringer 60 60 1930 auto mechanic, auto garage, with Edna. 1885 - 1938 George Henry Phipps 52 52 1920 shipping clerk, W.E & M Co., Turtle Creek, PA.
1930 shipping clerk, electricl co. Turtle Creek, PA. Charles Patch 1904 - 1978 Edna Lenora Ifft 73 73 Name: Edna Beringer
SSN: 159-38-7547
Last Residence: 15146  Monroeville, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 1 Sep 1904
Died: Apr 1978
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1963 ) 1871 - 1937 Joseph Allen Humes 66 66 1910 farmer, Adams Twp, Butler, PA. 1900 - 1985 Howard Renwick Humes 85 85 Name: Howard Humes
SSN: 194-01-6160
Last Residence: 16046  Mars, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 28 Jun 1900
Died: Sep 1985
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1904 - 1970 Ralph Hamilton Humes 66 66 Name: Ralph Humes
SSN: 160-34-5684
Last Residence: 16046  Mars, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 29 Feb 1904
Died: Nov 1970
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1958-1960 ) 1906 - 1974 Helen Josephine Humes 67 67 1902 - 1987 Vera Victoria Hyett 84 84 Name: Vera Humes
SSN: 204-22-8572
Last Residence: 16046  Mars, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 4 Oct 1902
Died: Aug 1987
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1905 Mary Ellen Crawford 1900 - 1970 Robert France Crawford 70 70 1877 - 1956 Anna Reichle 79 79 1908 - 1960 Howard L. Cashdollar 52 52 1930 none, with parents. 1917 - 1982 Bernard W. Cashdollar 65 65 FBI agent; Co-ordinator of the Beaver county, PA. Police Center; in charge of the county's Major Crimes Task Force; member of the Governor's Justice Commision and the Western Pennsylvania Chief's of Police Association.

Name: Bernard Cashdollar
SSN: 211-01-8752
Last Residence: 15009  Beaver, Beaver, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 4 Jan 1917
Last Benefit: 15009  Beaver, Beaver, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Died: Jul 1982
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1910 Margaret Hawliser Jean Stone 1903 - 1999 Oliver William Ralston 95 95 1930 principal, mission school, Frenchburg, Menifee, KY.

Name: Oliver W. Ralston
SSN: 199-30-9829
Last Residence: 16057  Slippery Rock, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 19 Aug 1903
Died: 26 Jul 1999
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1955-1956 ) 1909 - 1955 Edwin Stanley Ralston 45 45 1930 none, with parents. 1914 - 1967 Louis George Ralston 52 52 Name: Louis Ralston
SSN: 277-14-0812
Born: 10 Oct 1914
Died: Mar 1967
State (Year) SSN issued: Ohio (Before 1951 )

Name: Louis G Ralston
Age at Death: 52
Date of Death: 14 Mar 1967
City of Death: Warren
County of Death: Trumbull
Volume: 18813
Certificate: 24567

Date of Birth: Est. 1915

Gender: Male
Marital Status: Married
Race: White

City of Residence: Niles
County of Residence: Trumbull
State of Residence: Ohio
Country of Residence: United States

Hospital of Death: Forum Health Trumbull Memorial
Certifier: Physician
Autopsy: No autopsy 1910 Rosaline Wilhemina Holly 1915 Eleanor Ruth Whan 1882 - 1919 Josephine Ann Leise 36 36 1905 - 1979 Dorthea Ruth Cashdollar 74 74 Name: Ruth Post
SSN: 198-36-3247
Born: 3 Mar 1905
Last Benefit: 17011  Camp Hill, Cumberland, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Died: Jul 1979
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1963 ) 1915 Susan Elizabeth Cashdollar 1903 Mclain Post 1910 John Clark Farr 1891 - 1968 Christine A. Besnecker 77 77 1926 Oliver Francis Cashdollar Living Cashdollar 1927 Geraldine Fay Walker 1929 Elmer G. Beahm 1883 - 1952 Floella "Floe" Sloan Forsyth 68 68 1906 Margaret Isabelle Cashdollar 1930 postal clerk, post office, with parents. 1908 - 1987 Lester William Cashdollar 78 78 1930 none, with parents.

Name: Lester Cashdollar
SSN: 173-18-8309
Last Residence: 16046  Mars, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 25 Dec 1908
Died: Jan 1987
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1908 - 1959 Joseph J. Balbier 50 50 1899 Ray G. Miller 1912 - 1999 Elva McCandless 86 86 Name: Elva I. Cashdollar
SSN: 194-01-6146
Last Residence: 16433  Saegertown, Crawford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 31 Aug 1912
Died: 26 Jul 1999
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1870 - 1958 Lewis W. Kaufman 88 88 1920 farmer, general farm, Adams Twp, Butler, PA. 1906 - 1998 Margaret Matilda Kaufman 91 91 Name: Margaret Zinkham
SSN: 206-24-0045
Last Residence: 16033  Evans City, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 1 Nov 1906
Last Benefit: 16033  Evans City, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Died: 15 Apr 1998
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1918 John Oliver Kaufman 1904 - 1985 Earl Ray Zinkham 80 80 Name: Earl Zinkham
SSN: 208-10-9725
Last Residence: 16033  Evans City, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 26 Nov 1904
Last Benefit: 16033  Evans City, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Died: Feb 1985
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1919 Mary Eby Living Bell Living Ferguson 1288 Elana La Zouche D. 1360 Alan De Charlton ~1318 - 1349 Alan De Charlton 31 31 1314 - 1349 Margery Fitzar 35 35 1345 - 1387 Thomas De Charlton 42 42 <1380 - <1399 Anna De Charlton 19 19 William De Knightley 1394 - 1459 Thomas De Knightley De Charlton 65 65 Elizabeth Francis ~0528 Helgi Halfdansson ~0503 Halfdan Frodasson ~0507 Sigris ~0479 Frodi Fridleifsson ~0456 Fridleif 'the Valiant' Frodasson ~0433 Frodi 'the Peaceful' Dansson ~0412 Dan Olafsson ~0391 Olaf Vermundsson ~0369 Vermund 'the Wise' Frodasson ~0347 Frodi Havarsson ~0325 Havar 'strong Hand' Fridleifsson ~0303 Fridleif Frodasson ~0281 Frodi Fridleifsson ~0259 Fridleif Skjoldsson ~0237 Skjold ~0241 Gefion ~0219 Frigg Cadwalladr 1729 - 1815 Ruth Hall 86 86 Buried in Northford Cemetery. 1332 Isabella Plantagenet 1334 - 1348 Joan Plantagenet 14 14 1344 Mary Plantagenet 1346 Margaret Plantagenet Pitzias D. 0561 Audoin Rodelinde N.n. Of The Lombards D. 0511 Theodon I 0796 - 0903 Oda Billung 107 107 1478 - 1506 Philip I 'the Handsome' 28 28 Philip I, called The Handsome (1478-1506), king of Castile (1504-6), son of
Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, born in Bruges, Flanders (now in Belgium).
He became duke of Burgundy in 1482. In 1496 he married Joanna the Mad
(1479-1555), daughter of the Castilian monarchs, Ferdinand V and Isabella I.
On Isabella's death in 1504, Joanna became queen of Castile. Because Joanna
and Philip were absent in Flanders, however, Ferdinand was the actual ruler
until 1506, when the couple returned to Castile to claim the throne jointly.
Philip died a few months after his return. His sons became Holy Roman
emperors as Charles V and Ferdinand I. Philip was the founder of the
Habsburg dynasty in Spain. 1479 - 1555 Joanna 'the Mad' 76 76 1459 - 1519 Maximilian I 59 59 Maximilian I (1459-1519), German king (1486-1519) and Holy Roman emperor
(1493-1519), who established the Habsburg dynasty as an international
European power.
Maximilian, the eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, was born in
Wiener Neustadt, Austria, on March 22, 1459. In 1477 he married Mary
(1457-82), daughter of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, but his right to
the Burgundian realmùwhich included the present Benelux countries and
considerable portions of what is now northern and eastern Franceùwas
challenged by the French king, Louis XI. Maximilian successfully defended
his wife's inheritance in a war with France that lasted until 1493, and he
subdued the rebellious cities of the Netherlands. In 1490 he recovered
Austria, which had been occupied by Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, and
by the Treaty of Pressburg (1491) secured the right of succession to the
thrones of Hungary and Bohemia, which were held by the Habsburg family for
the next four centuries. Succeeding his father as king and emperor in 1493,
he embarked on a war to prevent France from acquiring territory in Italy two
years later. In 1496 he arranged the marriage of his son Philip to Joanna
(1479-1555), heiress to the thrones of Castile and Aragon, thus laying the
basis for two centuries of Habsburg rule in Spain. Maximilian made peace
with Louis XII of France in 1504, and four years later joined Louis in the
League of Cambrai against Venice. In 1511, however, he again opposed France
in an alliance (the Holy League) with England, Spain, and the pope, and he
was largely responsible for the imperial and English victory over the French
in the Battle of the Spurs (1513). Maximilian was a patron of the arts; his
writings include two autobiographical poems. He died at Wels, Austria, on
January 12, 1519. 1457 - 1482 Mary Of Burgundy 25 25 Mary, b. Feb. 13, 1457, d. Mar. 27, 1482, was duchess of Burgundy and wife of
the Austrian archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor).
After the death of her father, Charles the Bold, in January 1477, Mary was
threatened by Louis XI of France's seizure of Burgundy and Picardy and his
imminent invasion of the Low Countries and the rest of her inheritance. In the
same year she concluded her previously arranged marriage to the Habsburg heir,
Maximilian, who helped her defeat Louis in 1479. The marriage ultimately gave
the Habsburgs control of the Burgundian territories, including the
Netherlands. 1379 - 1406 Henry III 27 27 Henry III (of Castile and León) (1379-1406), king of Castile and León
(1390-1406), the son and successor of King John I. Although at the beginning
of his reign the country was plagued with continual disorder and violent
anti-Semitism, Henry was soon able to placate the nobility and restore royal
authority. He won victories over the English at sea, and the conquest of the
Canary Islands began under his sponsorship in 1402. 1405 - 1454 John II 49 49 John II (of Castile and León), in Spanish, Juan II (1405-54), king of
Castile and León (1406-54), the son of Henry III. He reigned under the
regencies of his mother and his uncle, King Ferdinand I of Aragón, until
1419. John entrusted the government to Don Alvaro de Luna (1388?-1453), his
chief counselor. In 1450, after the death of John's wife, Luna arranged the
king's marriage with a Portuguese princess, who promptly broke Luna's power
by encouraging the king to assert his independence. In 1453 John ordered
Luna's execution. John reportedly died of remorse over this treachery. Isabella Of Portugal 1451 - 1504 Isabella I 'la Cat¢lica' 53 53 Isabella I (1451-1504), queen of Castile, called la Católica ("the
Catholic"). She was the daughter of John II of Castile and León by his
second wife, Isabella of Portugal. In 1469 Princess Isabella married
Ferdinand of Aragón, known also as Ferdinand V, The Catholic, and on the
death of her brother, Henry IV, Isabella and Ferdinand jointly succeeded
(1474) to the throne of Castile and León. Isabella's succession was
contested, however, by Alfonso V of Portugal, who supported the claim of
Henry's daughter Juana la Beltraneja (1462-1530). Alfonso attacked Castile
and León but was defeated by the Castilian army in 1476. Three years later
Ferdinand succeeded to the throne of Aragón. This union of the two main
Spanish kingdoms laid the foundation of Spain's future greatness. Isabella
and her husband (known together as "the Catholic kings") are remembered for
completing the reconquest of Spain from the Moors, for initiating the
Inquisition, and for their ruthless expulsion of the Spanish Jews. They are
perhaps best known, however, for having sponsored the voyages of Christopher
Columbus. 1397 - 1479 John II 82 82 John II (of Aragón and Navarre), in Spanish, Juan II (1397-1479), king of
Aragón (1458-1479) and Navarre (1425-1479), the son of King Ferdinand I of
Aragón and father of King Ferdinand V. John represented his brother King
Alfonso V of Aragón, Naples, and Sicily in Aragón as lieutenant general and
succeeded him to the throne of Aragón. In 1420 John married Blanche of
Navarre, who inherited the throne of Navarre in 1425. For many years, John
struggled with his son, Charles, later King Charles IV of Navarre for control
of the two kingdoms. After Charles's death in 1461, John was faced with a
series of revolts in the province of Catalonia led by Charles's former
supporters. He did not regain control of the province until 1472. During the
latter part of his reign, John engaged in war against King Louis XI of France
and was forced to cede to him the provinces of Cerdagne and Roussillon. 1385 - 1441 Blanche Of Navarre 56 56 1452 - 1516 Ferdinand V 'the Catholic' 64 64 Ferdinand V, called The Catholic (1452-1516), king of Castile (1474-1504);
as Ferdinand II he was also king of Sicily (1468-1516) and of Aragón
(1479-1516); as Ferdinand III, king of Naples (1504-16). He was the son of
King John II of Aragón.
The union of the Spanish kingdoms of Aragón and Castile was effected in 1469
by Ferdinand's marriage to his cousin Isabella I, queen of Castile.
Ferdinand had hoped by this alliance to obtain the Castilian crown for
himself, but his high-spirited and politically astute wife firmly retained
sovereign authority in her own realm.
The political philosophies of the two rulers were almost identical, however,
and their reign was inaugurated with the promulgation of energetic and
sweeping measures designed to strengthen the royal authority and to curb the
power of the nobles, who had usurped many privileges and functions of the
Crown. To this end, Ferdinand organized (1476) the Santa Hermandad, or Holy
Brotherhood, a kind of national military police. Insistence on religious
conformity was one of their basic policies. In 1478 a bull issued by Pope
Sixtus IV empowered the king and queen to appoint three inquisitors to deal
with heretics and other offenders against the church; this marked the
beginning of the Spanish Inquisition (see Inquisition). Although founded to
further religious ends, the Inquisition in Spain became a political
instrument of the absolute monarchy, further abridging the power of the
nobles.
The year 1492 was the most notable of Ferdinand's reign. It opened with the
conquest of Granada, which marked the victorious conclusion of the long
struggle against the Moors. In August Christopher Columbus, sponsored by
Ferdinand and Isabella, set sail from the small Spanish seaport of Palos on
his epoch-making voyage to America, which was the first step in the creation
of the Spanish overseas colonial empire. In 1493, by the terms of a treaty
between Spain and France, Ferdinand recovered from King Charles VIII of
France the ancient province of Roussillon (now forming the French department
of Pyrénées-Orientales), which Ferdinand's father had mortgaged to King
Louis XI of France.
Because his daughter Joanna the Mad (1479-1555) became insane after the
death of Isabella, Ferdinand assumed the regency of Castile in 1506. He
joined the League of Cambrai against the republic of Venice in 1508, and
conquered Oran and Tripoli on the North African coast in 1509. He annexed
the kingdom of Navarre in 1512, thereby extending the borders of Spain from
the Pyrenees Mountains to the Rock of Gibraltar. Ferdinand was in many ways
a competent ruler. His reign, however, was characterized by an insatiable
thirst for power, and he was both cruel and perfidious. He was succeeded by
his grandson Charles (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). 1371 - 1419 John 'the Fearless' 48 48 John the Fearless, b. May 28, 1371, d. Sept. 10, 1419, was the oldest son of
Philip the Bold and the first cousin of King Charles VI of France. In 1396 he
was a leader of a crusade against the Turks that ended disastrously at
Nicopolis (now in Bulgaria). John succeeded his father as duke of Burgundy in
1404 and became count of Flanders on his mother's death (1405); he was thus
the leading prince of the Low Countries. He also struggled with his cousin
Louis of Orleans for control of the resources of the French Government.
Virtually excluded from power in Paris, he had Louis murdered in 1407,
provoking a disastrous civil war. After a period of dominance in France
(1408-13), he was again excluded from power until 1418.

In that year he took advantage of French defeats by the English in the Hundred
Years' War to seize Paris. The following year, however, he was assassinated
while negotiating with the dauphin (the future Charles VII) 1396 - 1467 Philip 'the Good' 71 71 Philip the Good (1396-1467), duke of Burgundy (1419-65), creator of one of
the most powerful states in 15th-century Europe. Born in Dijon, Philip
succeeded as duke when his father, John the Fearless (1371-1419), was killed
by a group of French nobles. In retaliation, Philip allied himself with
Henry V of England, France's enemy in the Hundred Years' War. In 1430 he
captured Joan of Arc, who had been leading the French, and turned her over
to the English. Later, when the war began to go against England, he changed
sides, concluded the Treaty of Arras (1435) with Charles VII of France, and
received in return most of the province of Picardy. Philip extended
Burgundian rule in the Netherlands, acquiring Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut
in 1428; Brabant and Limburg in 1433; and Luxembourg in 1443. In 1453 he
conquered the rebellious towns of Flanders. By 1460 he ruled what is now
Belgium and Luxembourg, together with most of the Netherlands and large
areas of northern and eastern France. Philip's court was the most brilliant
of its time. Known for his lavish entertainments and his devotion to the
rituals of chivalry, he instituted (1430) the Order of the Golden Fleece,
one of Europe's most prestigious knightly brotherhoods. In 1465 he handed
the dukedom over to his son, Charles the Bold. 1397 - 1471 Isabella Of Portugal 74 74 1433 - 1477 Charles 'the Bold' 44 44 Charles the Bold (1433-77), last duke of Burgundy, the son of Philip the
Good, duke of Burgundy, and Isabella of Portugal (1397-1471), born in Dijon.
In 1452 he became count of Charolais. When King Louis XI of France forced
Philip to cede some towns on the Somme River, Charles formed the League of
the Public Weal, an alliance of noblemen. League forces threatened Paris and
defeated the king at Montlhéry, near Paris, in 1465. The result was the
Treaty of Conflans, by which the towns on the Somme were restored and the
counties of Boulogne, Guines, and Ponthieu were granted to Charles.
Succeeding his father as duke in 1467, he became ruler of the territories
that constitute the Low Countries as well as the duchy of Burgundy and
Franche Comté, or the Free County of Burgundy. In 1468, Charles married his
third wife, Margaret of York (1446-1503), and formed an alliance with her
brother, Edward IV, king of England. Richer and more powerful than any other
prince, Charles planned to restore the old kingdom of Burgundy and fought a
series of intermittent wars with France. In 1475 Charles made himself master
of Lorraine. In March of the following year he invaded Switzerland and was
defeated at Grandson. Three months later he suffered a still more severe
defeat at Morat (now Murten). Nevertheless Charles refused to agree to peace
terms and laid siege to Nancy in October 1476. There he was defeated and
killed on January 5, 1477. His daughter and heiress, Mary of Burgundy
(1457-82), soon thereafter married Maximilian of Habsburg, but Maximilian
was forced to relinquish all the Burgundian lands except Flanders. 1391 - 1465 Charles Of Orl‚ans 73 73 D. 1562 Antoine De Bourbon 1528 - 1572 Jeanne D'albret 44 44 1553 - 1610 Henry IV 56 56 Henry IV (of France) (1553-1610), first Bourbon king of France (1589-1610),
who restored stability after the religious wars of the 16th century.

Henry was born at Pau in Navarre on December 13, 1553. His father, Antoine
de Bourbon (died 1562), was descended in the ninth generation from the
13th-century king of France, Louis IX. His mother, Jeanne d'Albret
(1528-72), was queen of Navarre and niece of King Francis I of France.

The Wars of Religion

Although baptized a Roman Catholic, Henry was brought up as a Calvinist by
his strong-minded mother, a leader of the French Protestant (Huguenot)
movement, which during the 1560s became involved in a series of civil wars
with the Catholics. Henry's wedding in 1572 to Margaret of Valois, sister of
the reigning monarch, Charles IX, was followed by the Massacre of Saint
Bartholomew's Day, in which thousands of Huguenots were slain on the king's
order. Henry saved his own life by converting to Roman Catholicism, but he
remained a prisoner at court until 1576. After his escape he repudiated his
conversion and assumed the leadership of the Huguenot movement. Although he
accepted his unwilling wife at his court in Navarre, neither respected the
marriage vows.

Military Leader

Henry's storming of the fortress town of Cahors in 1580 launched his career
as an intrepid military leader. In many subsequent battles his white plume
was to be found wherever the fighting was fiercest. He won another brilliant
victory at Coutras in 1587, and two years later formed an alliance with
Charles IX's successor, Henry III, against the Catholic League, which was
dominated by the Guise family. When Henry III (the last king of the Valois
dynasty) was murdered by a league fanatic in 1589, the Huguenot leader, who
was next in line for the throne, proclaimed himself king as Henry IV.

Backed by Spain and the pope, however, the league refused to acknowledge a
Protestant as king of France, and many Catholic nobles who had served Henry
III against the league deserted the royal army. Henry won victories over the
league at Arques and Ivry and besieged the league stronghold, Paris, which
was eventually relieved by a Spanish army from the Netherlands. Henry
skillfully exploited divisions among the leaguers, and in 1593 he disarmed
his opponents by announcing his reconversion to Catholicism. A year later he
bribed the league commander of the capital to admit his army. One by one, he
defeated or bought over the magnates of the house of Guise who continued to
resist. In 1595, when he officially declared war on Spain, the pope granted
him absolution. He could no longer rely on the Huguenots, who drove a hard
bargain to secure a new edict of toleration. This was granted at Nantes in
1598, and it was followed by a peace treaty with Spain. After that, serious
resistance to his rule ended.

Henry as King

In 1599 Henry secured papal annulment of his first marriage, and the year
after he married Marie de Médicis, a distant cousin of the mother of the
last Valois kings. His leading minister, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de
Sully, reorganized the finances and promoted the economic recovery of France
after decades of civil war. Agriculture, manufacturing, and commerce were
encouraged, the burden of taxation upon the peasantry reduced, and the
nobility relieved from the pressure of debt by declaring a moratorium. The
system by which officials in finance and the judiciary purchased their
offices from the Crown was formalized in 1604 by a tax on office known as
the paulette. At the same time Sully pursued a policy of substituting royal
officers for those employed by local representative bodies. Until 1609 these
measures were accompanied by an external policy of peace. In that year Henry
began preparations to intervene in Germany against the Catholic Habsburg
dynasty, a move that was opposed by some French Catholics. The king was
about to join his army when he was assassinated by a Catholic extremist on
May 14, 1610, in the Rue Saint-Honoré in Paris.

Henry IV's genial informality, bravery, gallantry, perseverance in
adversity, and readiness to bend religious principle to political advantage
have earned him a special place in French history. Not only did he restore
order and prosperity to his ruined kingdom but he also ensured that the
monarchy would be Catholic and absolutist. 1573 - 1642 Marie De M‚dicis 69 69 Marie de Medicis, b.  Apr.  26, 1573, d.  July 3, 1642, was the second wife of
Henry IV of France and regent after his death. She was the daughter of Grand
Duke Francesco I of Tuscany and a member of the Medici family.  On her
marriage in 1600 she came to France with a large Italian retinue.  She and
Henry quarreled constantly, and Marie had to share the king's affections with
his mistresses.  She has been accused of knowing of the plot behind her
husband's assassination (1610), which occurred on the day after her coronation
as queen.  Her complicity, however, remains uncertain.

As regent during the minority of her son, Louis XIII, she reversed Henry's
anti-Habsburg policy.  She came to rely on the Italian statesman Concino
Concini, marquis d'Ancre, whom she made (1613) a marshal of France;  Concini
was the husband of her confidante, Leonora Galigai.  Although Louis came of
age in 1614, Marie's regency remained in effect until 1617, when Concini was
murdered at the king's direction.  Thereafter Marie frequently plotted armed
resistance to her son.  She regarded Cardinal Richelieu as her protege when he
entered the royal council in 1624, but he proved to be her implacable foe.
Soon after her unsuccessful effort in November 1630 to secure Richelieu's
dismissal, Louis banished her to Compiegne, but she fled to Brussels in the
Spanish Netherlands. Elizabeth Bushnell John Perkins Bethia Baker Dyer Perkins Charlotte Sophia Woodbridge Elizabeth Rogers Perkins Harvey Humphrey John Perkins Humphrey Frances Churchill Maud Humphrey Belomont Deforest Bogart 1899 - 1957 Humphrey Deforest Bogart 58 58 Bogart, Humphrey Deforest (1899-1957), American film actor, who achieved
outstanding success in gangster and tough-guy roles. He was born in New York
City. Bogart began his acting career on the New York City stage, on which
his appearances included Meet the Wife (1923), Cradle Snatchers (1925), and
Saturday's Children (1928). His first notable success in films was in The
Petrified Forest (1936), in which he portrayed the gangster Duke Mantee, a
role he had created two years earlier on Broadway. Bogart appeared in more
than 50 films. These include The Maltese Falcon (1941), Casablanca (1942),
To Have and Have Not (1944), The Treasure of Sierra Madre (1948), The
Desperate Hours (1955), and The Caine Mutiny (1954). He won an Academy Award
for his role as the jungle tramp in The African Queen (1951). Susanna Cogswell Benjamin White ~1651 - 1732 Edward Fobes 81 81 1656 Elizabeth Fobes ~1656 Elizabeth Howard 1677 - >1759 Elizabeth Fobes 82 82 1674 Joseph Keith 1713 Mary Keith Johnathan Kingman 1732 - 1813 Martha Kingman 80 80 D. 1810 James Alger 1771 - 1844 James Alger 73 73 1771 - 1845 Hannah Bassett 73 73 1806 Horatio Alger Olive Augusta Fenno 1834 - 1899 Horatio Alger 65 65 Alger, Horatio (1834-99), American writer of juvenile fiction, born in
Revere, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard College and Harvard Divinity
School. Ordained (1864) a Unitarian minister, in 1866 he became chaplain of
a lodging house for newsboys in New York City.

In Alger's first volume of fiction, Ragged Dick (1867), and in similar
works, he portrayed underprivileged youths who win fame and wealth by
practicing such virtues as honesty, diligence, and perseverance. Luck and
Pluck and Tattered Tom appeared in 1869 and 1871, respectively. Alger wrote
more than 100 such works. Although of little literary significance, his
novels influenced American youth by emphasizing merit, rather than mere
social status, as the chief determinant of success. Joseph Russell Mary Russell John Lapham Joshua Lapham Hannah Sherman Hannah Lapham Humphrey Anthony Daniel Anthony Lucy Read 1820 - 1906 Susan Brownwell Anthony 86 86 Anthony, Susan B(rownell) (1820-1906), outstanding American reformer, who
led the struggle to gain the vote for women. She devoted 50 years to
overcoming the nation's resistance to woman suffrage, but died before the
19th Amendment was adopted (August 26, 1920).

Early Life

Anthony was born on February 15, 1820, in the village of Adams,
Massachusetts, the second of eight children. In 1827 her family moved to
Battenville, New York, and in 1845 settled permanently in Rochester, New
York. Encouraged by her father, a onetime schoolteacher, Anthony began
teaching school when she was 15 years old and continued until the age of 30.

A liberal Quaker and dedicated radical reformer, Anthony opposed the use of
liquor and advocated the immediate end of slavery. From 1848 to 1853 she
took part in the temperance movement and from 1856 to 1861 worked for the
American Anti-Slavery Society, organizing meetings and frequently giving
lectures. In 1863, during the American Civil War, she founded the Women's
Loyal League to fight for emancipation of the slaves. After the end of
Reconstruction she protested the violence inflicted on blacks and was one of
the few to urge full participation of blacks in the woman suffrage movement.

Fight for Women's Rights

Anthony's work for women's rights began in 1851, when she met Elizabeth Cady
Stanton. From 1854 to 1860 the two concentrated on reforming New York State
laws discriminating against women. Anthony organized women all over the
state to campaign for legal reforms. She would often deliver speeches
written by Stanton, who was occupied with her young children.

Anthony and Stanton became convinced that women would not gain their rights
or be effective in promoting reforms until they had the vote, and nationwide
suffrage became their goal after the Civil War. In 1869 they organized the
National Woman Suffrage Association to work for a constitutional amendment
giving women that right. Although the newly freed slaves were granted the
vote by the 15th Amendment, women of all races continued to be excluded.
From 1868 to 1870 Anthony and Stanton published a newspaper, Revolution,
focused on injustices suffered by women. To dramatize her fight, Anthony
defiantly registered and cast a ballot in the 1872 presidential election
and, when arrested and convicted, refused to pay the $100 fine. She went to
Europe in 1883, met women's rights activists there, and in 1888 helped form
the International Council of Women, representing 48 countries. At the age of
80 she resigned as president of the National American Woman Suffrage
Association, but she continued to be a regular speaker at its conventions
until her death in Rochester, New York, on March 13, 1906.

Evaluation

Anthony always acknowledged Stanton as the founder of the women's rights
movement. Her own achievement lay in her inspiration and perseverance in
bringing together vast numbers of people of both sexes around the single
goal of the vote. On July 2, 1979, the U.S. Mint honored her work by issuing
the Susan B. Anthony dollar coin. 1617 Joseph Wise 1647 - 1728 Sarah Wise 81 81 1640 - 1720 Stephen Williams 79 79 1681 - 1720 Joseph Williams 39 39 Abigail Davis 1708 - 1798 Joseph Williams 90 90 Martha Howell 1733 - 1811 Abigail Williams 78 78 ~1731 Samuel May 1760 - 1841 Joseph May 81 81 Dorothy Sewall 1800 - 1877 Abigail May 77 77 1799 - 1888 Amos Bronson Alcott 89 89 1832 - 1888 Louisa May Alcott 55 55 Alcott, Louisa May (1832-88), American writer, whose books for children are characterized by their intimate depiction of family life and loyalties. The daughter of the educator and philosopher Bronson Alcott, she was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania. She was raised in Boston and was tutored by the American writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. While serving as a nurse during the American Civil War, Alcott wrote letters to her family that were later published as Hospital Sketches (1863). Her most famous worksùLittle Women (1868-69), an autobiographical novel of her childhood, and its sequels, Little Men (1871) and Jo's Boys (1886)ùare considered classics. In order to support her own often poverty-stricken family, Alcott also wrote a number of thrillers. These well-crafted, suspenseful yarns were published pseudonymously in various magazines. George Denison Sarah Denison Thomas Stanton William Stanton Anna Stanton Joshua Stanton Hannah Randall Robert Stanton Elizabeth Palmer Oliver Stanton Rhoda Underwood Cynthia Ann Stanton Benjamin Ward Baum 1856 - 1919 L(yman) Frank Baum 63 63 Baum, L(yman) Frank (1856-1919), American writer, born in Chittenango, New
York. From 1880 to 1902 he was a newspaperman and began a series of books in
which he created an original fairyland, the land of Oz, a world of fantastic
characters and lighthearted adventure. The most famous of these books was
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). In 1901 Baum adapted it as a musical
extravaganza entitled The Wizard of Oz, and before his death Baum wrote 14
books about Oz. After his death various writers continued the series,
producing scores of volumes. A musical film, The Wizard of Oz (1939), based
on the original books by Baum, has become a classic. Hannah Cogswell Cornelius Waldo Daniel Waldo Susanna Adams Bethiah Waldo Edmund Littlefield Ester Littlefield Samuel Soper Ester Soper Silas Briggs Asa Briggs Elizabeth Paul Sally Briggs Israel Putnam Brown Sally Brown Israel C. Brewer Sarah Almeda Brewer Calvin Galusha Coolidge John Calvin Coolidge Victoria Joseph Moor 1872 - 1933 John Calvin Coolidge 60 60 ~1685 John Bishop 1704 Temperance Lathrop 1733 - 1803 Temperance Bishop 69 69 1720 - 1779 David Holmes 58 58 1763 - 1837 Abiel Holmes 73 73 Sarah Wendall 1809 - 1894 Oliver Wendall Holmes 85 85 Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809-94), American writer and physician, whose wit and intellectual vitality are representative of cultivated Boston society of the era.

Holmes was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on August 29, 1809, and was educated at Harvard College. He studied in Europe, and in 1836 he received a
medical degree from the Harvard Medical School and began to practice in Boston. From 1847 to 1882 he taught at the Harvard Medical School. His essay
The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever (1843) advanced the use of aseptic techniques in obstetrics and surgery.

Holmes was one of the so-called Boston Brahmins, a circle of intellectually and socially cultivated Bostonians. His fame as a writer of light, witty verse and as a raconteur was purely local until 1857, when he began writing a series of papers, The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table, for the Atlantic Monthly magazine. These essays, published in book form in 1858, achieved immediate popularity for their lively expression of ideas. Over the Teacups, published when he was 80 years old, shows the same wit and vitality.

Although he was less successful as a novelist, his first novel, Elsie Venner (1861), achieved some measure of success. In this depiction of the New England character, Holmes attacked the stern Calvinistic dogmas of earlier days.

Many of Holmes's poems became well known, including ôOld Ironsides÷ (1830), ôThe Chambered Nautilus÷, and ôThe Deacon's Masterpiece; or, The Wonderful
One-Hoss Shay÷ (both 1858). Other writings by Holmes include the essays Pages from an Old Volume of Life (1883) and a biography of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1885). He died in Cambridge on October 7, 1894. Amelia Lee Jackson 1841 - 1935 Oliver Wendall Holmes 94 94 Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1841-1935), American jurist, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1902-32), distinguished for his great legal learning, sound  judgment, humor, and power of expression.

Holmes was born in Boston and given the same name as his father, the writer. After graduating from Harvard College, he served for three years in the American Civil War, fighting with the Union army at Ball's Bluff, Antietam, and Fredericksburg and attaining the rank of captain. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar and began to practice law in Boston. He edited the American Law Review from 1870 until 1873. In 1880 he was a lecturer on common law at the Lowell Institute in Boston. His lectures, collected as The Common Law (1881), became internationally renowned.

Holmes became professor of law at Harvard Law School in 1882, but resigned in the same year to accept an appointment as associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court. He served in that position until 1899 and as chief justice from 1899 until 1902. In 1902 he was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Theodore Roosevelt, and he held that position until his retirement in 1932.

Holmes became famous for his liberal interpretations of the U.S. Constitution and was known as the ôGreat Dissenter÷ because of his disagreement with the views of his colleagues on the Court. He was later supported in his minority opinions by Justice Louis D. Brandeis. His Collected Legal Papers was published in 1920 and The Dissenting Opinions of Mr. Justice Holmes, in 1929. Jonathan Waldo Hannah Mason Jonathan Waldo Susanna Blaque Mary Waldo Gilbert Colesworthy Jonathan Waldo Colesworthy Hepzibah Gardner Nancy Colesworthy Andrew Bunker Charles Waldo Bunker Lydia Starbuck Nelson Waldo Bunker Sarah Rebecca Hunnicutt Lydia Bunker H(aroldson) L(afayette) Hunt 1926 Nelson Bunker Hunt 1929 William Herbert Hunt Living Hunt Bethia Gager Joshua Abell Elizabeth Abell John Lathrop Azell Lathrop Elizabeth Hyde Erastus Lathrop Sarah Bailey Caroline Cushman Lathrop Charles Rollin Post 1854 - 1914 Charles William Post 60 60 Pioneer of the prepared food industry. 1853 - 1912 Ella Letitia Merriweather 59 59 1887 - 1973 Marjorie Merriweather Post 86 86 Founder of General Foods Inc. Hannah Gore Stephen Gifford Samuel Gifford Mary Calkins Hannah Gifford Samuel Leffingwell Elizabeth Leffingwell William Morgan Temperance Avery Israel Morgan Mary Williams Samuel Choate Elizabeth Choate 1698 - >1732 Pelatiah Fitch 34 34 1732 - 1776 Elizabeth Fitch 44 44 1668 - 1712 Ebenezer Witter 43 43 1702 - 1779 Dorothy Witter 76 76 Joseph Brewster 1724 - 1803 Elijah Brewster 79 79 1757 - 1816 Elizabeth Brewster 59 59 1785 - 1808 Amy Morgan 23 23 Amos Chapman 1807 - 1886 Francis Morgan Chapman 79 79 John Willet Mary Willet Jonathan Truman Lucy Anne Truman Abbey Pearce Truman Chapman 1841 - 1915 Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich 74 74 Abbey Greene Aldrich 1641 - 1689 Mary Vine 48 48 1669 - 1750 William Morgan 81 81 1674 - 1755 Margaret Avery 81 81 1704 - 1763 Jerusha Morgan 59 59 1699 - 1788 Humphrey Avery 88 88 1729 - 1798 Solomon Avery 69 69 1733 - 1775 Hannah Punderson 41 41 1760 - 1850 Miles Avery 89 89 1774 - 1827 Malinda Pixley 53 53 1786 - 1867 Lucy Avery 81 81 1783 - 1857 Godfrey Rockefeller 74 74 1810 William Avery Rockefeller Eliza Davison 1839 - 1937 John Davison Rockefeller 97 97 Rockefeller was born in Richford, New York, on July 8, 1839, and educated in
the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. He became a bookkeeper in Cleveland
at the age of 16. In 1862 he went into business with Samuel Andrews, the
inventor of an inexpensive process for the refinement of crude petroleum.
After rapid expansion, the firm was superseded in 1870 by the Standard Oil
Company, organized by Rockefeller, his brother William (1841-1922), and
several associates.

In early 1872 Rockefeller helped form the South Improvement Company, an
association of the largest oil refiners in Cleveland, arranging with the
railroads for substantial rebates on shipments by members of the
association. The arrangement was cancelled in three months, after popular
protest, but most of Rockefeller's competitors in Cleveland had already been
forced to sell out to his combine. By 1878 Rockefeller had control of 90
percent of the oil refineries in the U.S. and soon afterward a virtual
monopoly of the marketing facilities.

In 1882 Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust. This, the first corporate
trust, was declared an illegal monopoly and ordered dissolved by the Ohio
Supreme Court in 1892, but actual dissolution was not effected until 1899.
In that year, Rockefeller established the Standard Oil Company of New
Jersey, remaining its president until he retired in 1911. In 1911 the
company was broken into separate corporations by an antitrust decision of
the U.S. Supreme Court.

At its peak, Rockefeller's personal fortune was estimated at almost $1
billion. The total amount of his philanthropic contributions was about $550
million. Some 80 percent of these funds was given to four charitable
organizations founded by Rockefeller. These were the Rockefeller Foundation;
the General Education Board; the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
(now Rockefeller University); and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial,
established in 1918 and incorporated into the Rockefeller Foundation in
1929. Rockefeller died at Ormond Beach, Florida, May 23, 1937. 1841 - 1922 William Rockefeller 81 81 Laura Celestia Spelman 1874 - 1960 John Davison Rockefeller 86 86 1906 - 1978 John Davison Rockefeller 72 72 1908 - 1978 Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller 69 69 1915 David Rockefeller 1912 - 1973 Winthrop Rockefeller 61 61 1910 Laurence Spelman Rockefeller 1661 - 1740 Joseph Lathrop 78 78 1659 - 1733 Israel Lathrop 73 73 John Waldo Rebecca Adams Edward Waldo Thankful Dimmock Shubael Waldo Abigail Allen Jesse Waldo Bridget Thompson Charles Waldo Elizabeth Besley William Besley Waldo Jane Anne Bruce John Bruce Waldo Helen Brett Lewis Howell Waldo Gertrude Duffield Gertrude Margaret Waldo Frank E. Remick Living Remick Martha Holgrave Theoda Parke Samuel Williams Martha Williams Jonathan Hunt Elizabeth Hunt Ebenezer Pomeroy Ebenezer Pomeroy Mindwell Lyman Eunice Pomeroy Ebenezer Clark Jersusha Clark Samuel Gates George Williams Gates Sarah D. Todd George Porterfield Gates Elizabeth Emery Margaret "Madge" Gates David Willock Wallace 1885 - 1982 Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Wallace 97 97 1884 - 1972 Harry S. Truman 88 88 Hannah Denison Joseph Saxton Mercy Saxton William Dewey Simeon Dewey Anna Phelps William Dewey Rebecca Carrier Simeon Dewey Pudence Yeamans Julias Yemans Dewey Mary Perrin 1837 - 1917 George Dewey 79 79 Elizabeth Gager John Allyn Elizabeth Allyn Thomas Waterman Daniel Waterman Mary Gifford Benjamin Waterman Experience Hyde Hannah Waterman Elijah Dewey Granville Dewey Abigail Williams Experience Porter John Porter Abigail Arnold Sarah Porter Edmund Freeman Otis Freeman Amy Dewey N.n. Capron Theoda Capron Harriet B. Freeman George Martin Dewey Emma Bingham George Martin Dewey Annie Thomas 1902 - 1971 Thomas Edmund Dewey 69 69 Rebecca Waldo Edward Emerson Joseph Emerson Mary Moody William Emerson Phebe Bliss William Emerson Ruth Haskins 1803 - 1882 Ralph Waldo Emerson 78 78 ~1650 - 1712 William Fobes 62 62 1650 - 1711 Martha Pabodie 60 60 1686 - 1771 Constant Fobes 85 85 John Little Fobes Little Sarah Baker Ruth Little Jonathan Head Jonathan Head Hepzibah Livermore Orson Sherman Head Mary Jane Treadwell Mary Blanch Head Richard Jones Welles Richard Head Welles Beatrice Ives 1915 - 1985 George Orson Welles 70 70 Sarah Freeman Dan Wright Dan Wright Catherine Reeder Milton Wright Susan Catharine Koerner 1867 - 1912 Wilbur Wright 45 45 1871 - 1948 Orville Wright 76 76 1672 - 1726 Elizabeth Waterhouse 54 54 Frank S. Prescott Living Prescott 1872 - 1945 Elizabeth Matthews 73 73 1904 - 1979 Helen Gilleland 74 74 1905 - 1976 Elizabeth Gilleland 70 70 1911 - 1988 Walter Hamilton Gilleland 77 77 Name: Walter H. Gilleland
SSN: 174-03-6616
Last Residence: 34994  Stuart, Martin, Florida, United States of America
Born: 3 Jun 1911
Died: 15 Oct 1988
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1902 - 1975 George Patterson Graham 73 73 Living Graham Living Graham 1928 Anthony Schylur Arrott Living Johnston 1908 Denzel Wesley Reed Living Reed Living Reed Living Lange Living Dau 1913 - 1944 Dorothy Lee 31 31 1938 - 1961 Walter Hamilton Gilleland 22 22 1920 - 1962 Ruth Yops 41 41 Living Gilleland Living Weil 1877 - 1927 Jane Stafford Matthews 50 50 1909 - 1989 Frank Wallace Gilleland 80 80 Name: Frank W. Gilleland
SSN: 527-05-7519
Last Residence: 85014  Phoenix, Maricopa, Arizona, United States of America
Born: 28 Apr 1909
Died: 6 Dec 1989
State (Year) SSN issued: Arizona (Before 1951 ) 1882 Mae Doig 1928 Wanda Jane Gilleland 1928 Walter Crawford Gilleland 1912 Evangeline Medcraft Living Gilleland Living Gilleland Living Mullens 1951 - 1970 Melissa Jane Mullens 18 18 Living Mullens Living Mullens Living Mullens Living Peaslee Living Via Living Gilleland Living Gilleland Living Gilleland Living Allen ~1883 Amelia Miller Name: Amelia Gilleland
Place of Death: Seattle
Date of Death: 06 Jun 1971
Residence: Seattle
Gender: F
Certificate: 013237

Name: Amelia Gilleland
SSN: 531-03-0690
Last Residence: 98119  Seattle, King, Washington, United States of America
Born: 14 Aug 1879
Died: Jun 1971
State (Year) SSN issued: Washington (Before 1951 ) 1905 Mary Rena Gilleland 1911 Margaret Louise Gilleland Willam Erskine 1826 - 1916 Alexander Erskine 90 90 1860 tailor, Pitt Twp, Allegheny, PA.
1870 tailor, Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 tailor, Pittsburgh, PA.
1900 tailor, retired, Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 none, Pittsburgh, PA. 1836 Eliza McWhinney 1900 mother of 8, 8 still living. 1864 - 1923 Robert J. Erskine 58 58 1880 office boy, living with parents. Son Of Alexander Erskine said to be a sea captain and lived on Long Island, NY. Son Of Alexander Erskine Said to be a sea captain, lived in New York. ~1827 Robert J. Boggs 1860 teacher, Forward Twp, Butler, PA.
1870 dry goods salesman, Allegheny, PA. Bryan Boggs 1860 Hamilton Delarma Boggs 1880 Carpenter, living with Nora in North Mahoning, Indiana, PA.
1900 packer for glass, Fallston Borrough, Beaver, PA
1910 wd, packer, Coraopolis Boro, Allegheny, PA.
1920 wd, packer, glass house, Coraopolis, PA. ~1862 James Pride Boggs 1855 - 1938 Mora Rose Alpha Boggs 82 82 1900 mother of 7, 4 still living. 1837 Robert or John Stevenson 1880 farmer Robinson Twp, Washington, PA. ~1871 Sarah "Sadie" Stevenson ~1875 Elizabeth "Bessie" J. Stevenson Martha Stevenson ~1872 John Stevenson ~1869 Mary Stevenson 1834 - 1895 Richard Brankston(e) 61 61 1876 - 1958 Robert Brankstone 82 82 1910 New South Memphis, TN.
1920 wd, vice-president, factory, Shelby, TN.
1930 secratery, bucket & tub factory, Memphis, TN.

Name: Robert Brankstone
SSN: 408-16-8282
Born: 28 Feb 1876
Died: Dec 1958
State (Year) SSN issued: Tennessee (Before 1951 ) 1878 - 1946 Hugh Adams Brankstone 68 68 1900 clerk on books, with mother.
1920 accountant, plate glass co., Crafton, PA.
1930 none, Crafton, PA. 1874 - 1874 Eleanor Brankstone 3m 3m 1885 - 1917 Ada Prys 31 31 Name: Adah L Brankstone
Death Date: 5 August , 1917
Death Place: Jefferson
Age: 032
Volume: 46
Certificate: 22561 1904 - 1994 Robert M. Brankstone 89 89 1930 civil engineer, U.S. eng off., with father.

Name: Robert M. Brankstone
SSN: 412-01-2365
Last Residence: 38115  Memphis, Shelby, Tennessee, United States of America
Born: 21 Aug 1904
Died: 30 May 1994
State (Year) SSN issued: Tennessee (Before 1951 ) 1907 - 1991 Verna Lee Easley 83 83 Name: Verna L. Brankstone
SSN: 412-01-1142
Born: 22 Apr 1907
Died: 9 Apr 1991
State (Year) SSN issued: Tennessee (Before 1951 ) Living Brankstone Living Brankstone Living Thomas Living Evans 1881 - 1930 Keturah Rene 49 49 1905 - 1977 Hugh R. Brankstone 71 71 1930 none, with parents.

Name: Hugh Brankstone
SSN: 168-09-3149
Last Residence: 77340  Huntsville, Walker, Texas, United States of America
Born: 31 Dec 1905
Died: Apr 1977
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1908 Mary Jane Brankstone 1930 none, with parents. 1912 - 1990 Eleanor Brankstone 78 78 Cordelia Rosetta Dawson 1875 - 1875 Son Adams 1851 - 1924 Isabella Noble 73 73 1900 wd, none, mother of 2, 2 still living, Allegheny, PA.
1920 wd, none, Pittsburgh, PA. 1884 - 1884 Katie Adams 19d 19d 1885 Frank Noble Adams 1920 engineer, mechanical, with mother.
1930 sales engineer, fire alarm systems, with sister. 1890 - 1938 Isabella Hamilton Adams 47 47 1920 none, with mother. ~1878 Edward Reif 1930 teacher, university, Bellevue, PA. 1869 - 1938 Sameul E. Crow 69 69 1920 farmer, own farm, Forward Twp, Butler, PA. ~1893 Carrie S. Bricker Living Druschel 1926 Clarence Wilbur McKibbin Living McKibbin Living McKibbin Living McKibbin Living Stefanski Living Koski 1927 Wilmerdean V. Huselton Living Huselton Living Huselton Living Huselton Living Huselton Living Huselton Living Huselton Living Fennell Living Jaksec Living Russell Living Hays Living Garison Living Plaisted Living Flinn Living Ferguson Living Ferguson Living Ferguson 1852 - 1910 Charles Weigman 58 58 Immigrated to US in 1881. 1862 - 1931 Clifton C. Newell 69 69 Buried in Hillside Cemetery. 1905 - 1983 Frederick Hamilton Holmes 78 78 1930 chemist, oil company in Port Arthur, TX.
Worked for Texas Company; was in France in 1930s showing the French how to run a refinery; creamated. 1927 - 2002 William Ralph Woods 75 75 Never married; retired.

Name: William R. Woods
SSN: 461-28-9025
Last Residence: 75773  Mineola, Wood, Texas, United States of America
Born: 12 Aug 1927
Died: 22 Dec 2002
State (Year) SSN issued: Texas (Before 1951 ) 1901 - 1957 Isabelle Breckenridge Brown 55 55 Living Holmes 1919 Boyd Boitnott 1771 Hugh Wilson 1772 James Wilson 1778 Sarah Wilson 1781 Robert Wilson 1802 Elizabeth Wilson 1860 wd, farmer in Robison Twp. Allegheny, PA.
1870 keeping house, Stowe Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1880 with Thomas. 1804 Robert Wilson 1850 farmer in Moon Twp, Allegehy, PA.
1860 farmer in Moon Twp, Allegehy, PA.
1870 farmer in Moon Twp, Allegehy, PA.
1880 farmer in Moon Twp, Allegehy, PA. 1807 - 1872 George Wilson 65 65 Jane Wilson ~1814 - BET 1870 AND 1880 John Wilson 1860 chandler in Pittsburgh, PA.
1870 soap mfg. in Pittsburgh, PA. Age 56. James Wilson 1823 - 1855 Eliza Craig 32 32 1826 Nancy Craig 1828 - 1898 Esther Craig 70 70 1831 - 1889 James W. Craig 58 58 1860 living with Alexander and Mary Wilson in Pittsburgh, PA.
1870 retail grocer in Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 grocer in Pittsburgh, PA. 1835 - 1861 John Craig 26 26 1836 - 1872 Sarah J. Craig 36 36 1842 William Craig 1860 carpenter living with Alexander and Mary Wilson in Pittsburgh, PA.
1870 carpenter in Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 grocery store in Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 watchman, electrical mfg. co. in Pittsburgh, PA. 1842 - >1920 Susan Craig 78 78 1860 living with Alexander and Mary Wilson in Pittsburgh, PA.
1900, mother of 8 children, 7 still living, wd, in Addison Twp. Somerset, PA.
1910 wd, farmer, in Addison Twp. Somerset, PA
1920 wd, none, with Ulysses. Mary Daughter and heir of Gilbert, Earl of Strathearn in Scotland. Gilbert De Hamildon The first of the family that settled in Scotland in the reign of Alexander II, who granted him considerable lands. Isabella Daughter of Sir James Randolph of Strathdon, and sister of Thomas, Earl of Murry. Walter Fitz Gilbert Walter fitz Gilbert, featured on the Ragman Rolls in 1292 and 1296 as de
Hamildon and de Homildon, and elsewhere as de Hambleton, witnessed a Stewart
charter to Paisley Abbey 1294 as Walterus filius Gilberti, tenant in the royal
barony of Cadzow, received grants of Dalserf (previously held by his
stepmother) and later of the barony of Kinneil. He m 1st Helen; and m 2nd Mary
dtr of Sir Adam Gordon of Gordon by whom he had issue: Mary Daughter of Adam, Lord of Gordon. ~1310 - 1374 David Fitz Walter 64 64 David fitz Walter fitz Gilbert, Knight, granted the royal barony of Cadzow by
David II, not known to have used the surname de Hamilton (or any other),
fought at Halidon Hill and Durham where he was taken prisoner 1346, one of the
Scottish magnates who arranged the settlement of the Crown on Robert III 1371,
d 1374. He m Margaret dtr of William de Ross, 5th Earl of Ross by whom he had
three sons: John Fitz Walter Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Innerwick and of the Hamilton Earls of Haddington Margaret Daughter of William de Ross, 5th Earl of Ross. ~1335 - <1388 David Fitz David De Hamyldon 53 53 David fitz David fitz Walter fitz Gilbert de Hamyldon, baron of Cadzow,
Knight, received further grants of land from the Crown in 1375 and 1378, and d
ante 14 May 1392. He m Jonetta (Janet, Joan) dtr of Sir William Keith of
Galston by whom he had issue: John Hamilton of Fingaltoun; ancestor of the Hamiltons of Preston. Walter Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Cambuskeith in Ayr. ~1340 Jonetta (Janet, Joan) Keith Daughter of William Keith of Galston ~1371 - 1402 John Hamilton 31 31 John Hamilton of Cadzow, Knight, witnessed a charter 14 May 1392, captured by
the English but freed 28 Oct 1398. He m Janet (Jacoba) dtr of Sir James
Douglas of Dalkeith and by her had issue: ~1379 Janet (Jacoba) Douglas Daughter of Sir James Douglas of Dalkeieth ~1413 David Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Dalserf ~1392 Thomas Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Raploch William Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Bathgate Andrew Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Bruntwood George Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Boreland David Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Bardowie ~1398 - >1441 James Hamilton 43 43 Hostage in 1424 and 1426 for the ransoms of King James I from his English captivity. ~1400 Janet Linvingston Daughter of Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar Alexander Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Silvertonhill D. 1455 John Hamilton Had charter of Whitecampand Kirkhope 18 June 1449, had two sons William and Robert. Gavin Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Orbiston; provost of the collegiate church of Bothwell, father of a natural son Thomas. D. ~1522 Margaret Gavin Hamilton Helen Hamilton Jean Hamilton Barbara Hamilton D. 1468 Euphemia Daughter of Sir Patrick Graham and Eupheme, Countess of Strathern. D. >1516 Elizabeth Hamilton D. >1574 Anne Hamilton Gavin Hamilton Died young D. 1611 David Hamilton Sarah Warner Lawrence Towneley Alice Towneley D. 1709 John Grymes of Grymesby, VA ~1697 - ~1753 Charles Grymes 56 56 of Morattico, VA Frances Jennings Lucy Grymes 1729 - 1787 Henry Lee 58 58 of Leesylvania 1756 - 1818 Henry "Light Horse" Lee 62 62 Henry Lee was born on his family's estate in Prince William County, Virginia
on 29 Jan 1756. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton
University) in 1773 and intended to make a career at law. This course was
interrupted by the outbreak of the Revolution in 1775. He became a captain
in the cavalry, later rising to the rank of major and then lieutenant
colonel. His troops fought in both the Northern and Southern theatres of the
war and took part in the final victory at Yorktown, Virginia.

After the war, Lee served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental
Congress and was Governor of his state from 1792 to 1795. In 1794 he
commanded the troops that put down the "Whiskey Rebellion" in western
Pennsylvania. He retired from politics after one term in the United States
House of Representatives. In the next several years he was ruined
financially by bad investments and was put into debtors' prison for a few
years. After 1812 his health deteriorated. He spent a few years in the
West Indies, hoping to recover, but died at Cumberland Island, Georgia on
25 Mar 1818, while on his way home.
{Chamber's Biographical Dictionary} Anne Hill Carter 1807 - 1870 Robert Edward Lee 63 63 The Confederacy's greatest soldier, Robert E. Lee, was descended from an
old and honoured family. Several of Lee's forebears had played distinguished
roles in Virginia's history. His father was the Revolutionary War hero
Light-Horse Harry Lee, a friend of George Washington.

Robert Edward Lee was born in Stratford, Virginia, the
fourth of five children.  Robert was educated at the US Military Academy,
West Point. He graduated second in his class in 1829; being commission as
Second Lieutenant in the US Army Engineers.

On 5 Jul 1831, he married Mary Custis, great-granddaughter of Washington's
wife and heiress of the estate of Arlington, across the Potomac from
Washington. The Lees had seven children. He was promoted First Lieutenant
in 1836, and Captain in 1838. He distinguished himself in the battles of the
Mexican War, was wounded in the storming of Chapultepec in 1847; his
meritorious service earned him brevet promotion to Major.

He became Superintendent of West Point. Later he was appointed Colonel of
cavalry. He was in command of the Department of Texas in 1860. Early the
following year, was summoned to Washington, DC, when war between the
states seemed imminent. President Abraham Lincoln offered him the field
command of the Union forces, but Lee declined. On 20 Apr, three days after
Virginia seceded from the Union, he submitted his resignation from the US
Army.

On 23 Apr 1861, he became Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval
forces of Virginia. For a year, he was military adviser to Jefferson
Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, and was then placed
in command of the Confederate army in Northern Virginia. In February 1865
Lee was made commander-in-Chief of all Confederate Armies; two months
later the war was virtually ended by his surrender to General Ulysses S
Grant at Appomattox Court House. His great battles included those of
Antietam, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg.

The masterly strategy of Lee was overcome only by the superior resources
and troop strength of the Union. His campaigns are almost universally
studied in military schools as models of strategy and tactics. He had a
capacity for anticipating the actions of his opponents and for
comprehending their weaknesses. He made skillful use of interior lines of
communication and kept a convex front toward the enemy, so that his
reinforcements, transfers, and supplies could reach their destination
over short, direct routes. His greatest contribution to military practice,
however, was his use of field fortifications as aids to maneuvering. As
a trained military engineer, he recognized that a small body of soldiers,
protected by entrenchments, can hold an enemy force of many times their
number, while the main body outflanks the enemy or attacks a smaller force
elsewhere. In his application of this principle, Lee was years ahead of
his time; the tactic was not fully understood or generally adopted until
the 20th century.

Lee applied for but was never granted the official post-war amnesty. He
accepted the presidency of Washington College, now Washington and Lee
University, in 1865; within a few years it had become an outstanding
academic institution. He died there on 12 Oct 1870. Lee has long been
revered as an ideal by southerners and as a hero by all Americans. His
antebellum home is now known as Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee
Memorial, and is a national memorial. In 1861, after the outbreak of the
American Civil War, the mansion and grounds were confiscated by the Union
government. The house was converted to a hospital, and in 1864 the
grounds were first used as a military cemetery. After the Civil War, the
US Supreme Court ruled that the house was the property of George
Washington Custis Lee (1832-1913), son of Robert E. Lee. He sold it to the
federal government in 1883, who developed it as Arlington National
Cemetery, a federal burial ground administered by the US Army.

In 1975, Lee's citizenship was restored posthumously by an act of the
US Congress.

{Chamber's Biographical Dictionary} 1806 - 1873 Mary Randolph Custis 67 67 ~1776 - ~1840 George Washington Parke Custis 64 64 >1832 - ~1902 George Washington Custis Lee 70 70 Served in the Confederate Army, rising to the rank of Major General and commanded a division in 1864. Succeeded his Father as President of the Washington and Lee University. {Chamber's Biographical Dictionary} ~1834 - ~1904 William Henry Fitzhugh Lee 70 70 Served in the Confederate Army, rising to Major General commanding the Confederate cavalry. Was later elected to the US Congress. {Chamber's Biographical Dictionary} ~1836 - ~1901 Robert E. Lee 65 65 1885 - ~1957 Alice Battenberg 72 72 1854 - 1921 Louis Battenberg 67 67 Naturalised a British subject 31 Oct 1868. Admiral of the Fleet. 1863 - 1950 Victoria Of Hesse 87 87 Discontinued title of Princess in June 1917. Died leaving issue. {Burke's Peerage} 1823 - 1888 Alexander Battenberg 65 65 1825 - 1885 Julia Von Hauke 60 60 1837 - 1892 Ludwig IV Hesse 55 55 1843 - 1878 Alice Maud Mary 35 35 1809 - 1877 Charles 68 68 1815 - 1885 Elizabeth 70 70 1882 - 1944 Andrew 62 62 1845 - 1913 George I 67 67 George I (of Greece) (1845-1913), king of Greece (1863-1913), the first Greek
monarch of the house of Glücksburg. The second son of King Christian IX of
Denmark, he was known as Prince William and was nominated for the Greek throne
by the British government after the revolution that deposed his predecessor,
King Otto, in 1862. The Danish prince was elected to the throne by the Greek
National Assembly and was crowned as George I, king of the Hellenes, after
being approved by the Great Powers. In 1867 he married Olga, niece of
Alexander II of Russia. George followed a consistent expansionist policy; the
Ionian Islands, part of Epirus, and most of Thessaly were joined to Greece
during his reign. After winning a victory over Turkey in the First Balkan War,
he was assassinated in Salonika in 1913. He was succeeded by his son,
Constantine I. 1851 - 1926 Olga Constantinova Romanov 75 75 1818 - 1906 Christian Ix 87 87 Christian IX (1818-1906), king of Denmark (1863-1906), a direct descendant of
Christian III through the Glücksburg line. In 1852, with the consent of the
reigning Frederick VII, a council of the great powers recognized Christian as
heir apparent to the Danish throne. On the death of Frederick in 1863,
Christian became king. The following year, after a war with Prussia and
Austria, Denmark was forced to renounce its claims to Schleswig-Holstein by
the Treaty of Vienna. In domestic affairs, Christian IX's reign was marked by
a struggle between liberal and conservative elements for control of the
Folketing, the lower house of the Danish Rigsdag, the legislature. Christian
sided with the conservatives, but when the liberals gained control of the
Folketing, he consented to the formation of a liberal ministry. By his wife,
Louise, princess of Hesse-Cassel, he had six children. Of these, his eldest
son succeeded him as Frederick VIII; his daughter Alexandra married the prince
of Wales, later King Edward VII of Great Britain and Ireland; another
daughter, Dagmar, married Grand Duke Alexander of Russia, later Czar Alexander
III; and a younger son, George, became George I, king of Greece. Christian was
sometimes called the Grandfather of Europe. 1817 - 1898 Louise Wilhelmina Of Hesse-Cassel 81 81 Louise Wilhelmina Frederica Caroline Augusta Julie. {Burke's Peerage} 1827 - 1892 Constantine Nikolaievitch Romanov 65 65 In the Crimean War, he commanded the Russian fleet and held the British and French in check before Kronstadt.  In 1865 and 1878 he became President of the Council.  In 1882 he was dismissed for revolutionary views. 1787 - 1867 William Hesse- Cassel 79 79 D. 1864 Louise Charlotte Daughter of Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark. {Burke's Peerage} 1796 - 1855 Nicholas I Petrovich Romanov 59 59 Nicholas I (1796-1855), emperor of Russia (1825-55), third son of Emperor Paul
I, born in Tsarskoye Selo (now Pushkin). On the death of his eldest brother,
Emperor Alexander I, Nicholas came to the throne after suppressing the
Decembrist revolt, staged by reform-minded army officers who favored the
accession of his brother Constantine. His domestic policy was autocratic and
his foreign policy aggressive. He introduced military discipline into the
civil service, tried to prevent the spread of revolutionary ideas by rigid
censorship and strict state control of universities, and sought to promote the
Russian language and religion among his non-Russian subjects. He waged war
successfully against Iran (1826-28) and Turkey (1828-29). During 1830-31
Nicholas crushed Polish revolts against Russian authority and abolished the
Polish constitution. In 1849 he aided Austria in the suppression of uprisings
in Hungary. His schemes to add more Turkish territory to his domain alarmed
the Western European powers and led to the Russian defeat in the Crimean War. 1747 - 1837 Frederick Hesse- Cassel 89 89 1762 - 1823 Caroline Polixene Orange-Nassau 61 61 Eldest daughter of Prince Charles William of Orange Nassau. 1754 - 1801 Paul I Petrovich Romanov 47 47 The second son of Tsar Peter III and Catherine II, he suceeded his Mother in 1796. He led Russia into alternative alliance during the Napoleonic Wars; in 1801 his convention with Sweden and Denmark  in alliance with France was broken by the British fleet under Admiral Nelson. His own officers conspired against him to compel Paul to abdicate. In a scuffle he was strangled. D. 1785 Frederick II Hesse- Cassel 1723 - 1772 Mary Hanover 48 48 1837 - 1900 Francis Alexander 63 63 Baptised Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander. A serving British Army officer who reached the rank of Major General.  {Burke's Peerage} 1833 - 1897 Mary Adelaide Wilhemina E. Hanover 63 63 Batised Mary Adelaide Wilelmina Elizabeth. 1774 - 1850 Adolphus Frederick Hanover 76 76 The titles became extinct upon his death. {Burke's Peerage} 1797 - 1889 Augusta Wilhelmina Louise Hesse-Cassel 91 91 1855 - 1944 Claude George Bowes-Lyon 89 89 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Amongst other issue, his youngest daughter was Elizabeth. {Burke's Peerage} ~1859 - 1938 Nina Cecilia Cavendish- Bentinck 79 79 Daughter of Reverend Charles William Cavendish-Bentinck of the family of the Duke of Portland. {Burke's Peerage} 1824 - 1904 Claude Bowes- Lyon 79 79 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne 1832 - 1922 Frances Dora Smith 90 90 1794 - 1863 Oswald Smith 69 69 of Blendon hall, near Bexley, Kent 1805 - 1891 Henrietta Mildred Hodgson 86 86 1773 - 1844 Robert Hodgson 71 71 The Right Reverend Robert Hodgson, Dean of Carlisle. Mary Tucker 1740 - 1808 Robert Hodgson 68 68 1744 - 1815 Mildred Porteus 71 71 ~1705 - 1754 Robert Porteus 49 49 Judith Cockayne ~1679 - 1758 Robert Porteus 79 79 of Virginia, later moved to Ripon, Yorkshire, England ~1680 - ~1745 Mildred Smith 65 65 John Smith ~1673 - ~1738 Mary Warner 65 65 Lousia Kirkland Daniel Kirkland Joseph Kirkland Joseph Kirkland Sarah Backus 1813 - 1890 Junius Spencer Morgan 76 76 Junius Spencer Morgan, b.  West Springfield, Mass., Apr.  14, 1813, d.  Apr.
8, 1890, was an important financial link between the United States and Britain
during the middle of the 19th century.  After some experience in American
mercantile firms, he joined the London-based international banking house of
George Peabody & Co., becoming a partner in 1854.  When Peabody retired,
Morgan took over, changing the firm's name to J. S. Morgan & Co.  He directed
this company until his death.  His best-known transaction involved a
$50-million loan to France during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Juliet Pierpont Deborah Williams Joseph Warren Joseph Warren Mary Stevens 1741 - 1775 Joseph Warren 34 34 A Massachusetts physician and American Revolutionary patriot, Joseph Warren,
b.  Roxbury, Mass., June 10, 1741, d.  June 17, 1775, drafted (1774) the
Suffolk Resolves in protest against the British Intolerable Acts.  On Apr.
18, 1775, he sent Paul Revere and William Dawes on their famous ride to
Lexington.  He was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. 1721 - 1791 Thankful Cooper 70 70 1683 - 1747 Joseph Cooper 64 64 1683 Abigail Smith 1642 - 1703 John Cooper 61 61 1652 - 1714 Mary Thompson 62 62 1634 - 1724 Thomas Smith 90 90 1644 - 1727 Elizabeth Patterson 83 83 ~1612 - 1689 John Cooper 77 77 ~1614 Mary Woolen 1641 - 1674 John Thompson 32 32 ~1620 - 1666 Dorothy 46 46 ~1618 George Smith 1601 - 1670 Edward Patterson 69 69 1622 Elizabeth ~1580 Thomas Cooper ~1589 - 1679 John Thompson 90 90 Phebe Ives D. 1682 John Ives ~1646 Martha Ives 1673 - 1751 Joseph Ives 77 77 1674 Mary Ives Died young 1678 - 1727 Martha Ives 48 48 1680 - 1704 Lazarus Ives 24 24 1683 - 1767 Thomas Ives 83 83 1685 Abigail Ives Died young 1686 - 1690 John Ives 4 4 1692 - 1759 Ebenezer Ives 67 67 Haninai Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #637; Kafnai Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #637; Huna Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #637; ~0460 Mar Zutra Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #637, 700; Haninai Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Maremar Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; ~0340 Mar Zutra Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Markahana Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Mar Abba Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Ukba Mar Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Nehemiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Nathan Ukba Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Hanan Married daughter of Rav Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Shaphat Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Johanan Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Akkub Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Elioenai Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Neanah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Shemaiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Shecanian Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Obadaiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Amay Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Rephaiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Isaiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Hananian Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Zerubbabel Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Pediah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; Jeconiah Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #700; D. 0475 Uther Pendragon Ygerne (Eigr) Constantine Amlawdd Gwen Cunedda Ednowen Colwyn Of Anglesea 1622 - 1676 John Fowler 54 54 He was in the list of planters in Milford in 1639, but removed and settled in Guilford in 1649. He was a Deacon in the church, and a deputy to the General Court at New Haven in 1661, 1663 and 1664, and 27 times delegate to the General Court at Hartford after the union of the colonies. He was one of the first deacons in the church in Guilford, beginning about 1662/5. For his services, the Legislature granted him 100 acres of land in Cochin-chaug(Durham). In 1672, his list was L160, the largest in the town of Guilford. He died in 1776 leaving property to the amount of L 612. He was also listed as an Ensign in the Colonial Militia, from Guilford, Record C.2, p. 14 of the Colonial Records. 1634 - 1713 Mary Hubbard 79 79 1653 - 1742 Elizabeth Bartlett 89 89 D. 1776 Hannah Baldwin 1697 - 1749 Caleb Hall 51 51 1670 - 1730 John Hall 59 59 1668 - 1740 Mary Lyman 72 72 1648 - 1725 Samuel Hall 76 76 1646 - 1728 Hannah Walker 82 82 1623 - 1690 John Lyman 66 66 1635 - 1725 Dorcas Plumb 90 90 1606 - 1676 John Hall 70 70 ~1615 - 1690 Jeanne (Jane) Wellen 75 75 1618 - 1652 John Walker 34 34 ~1620 - 1660 Grace 40 40 1580 - 1642 Richard Lyman 61 61 1589 - 1642 Sarah Osborne 53 53 1594 - 1648 John Plumb 53 53 1596 - >1669 Dorothy Wood 73 73 1552 - 1605 Henry Lyman 53 53 1559 - 1587 Elizabeth Rande 28 28 1561 Roger Osborne ~1557 - 1628 Robert Plumb 71 71 ~1565 - 1615 Grace Crackbone 50 50 1516 - 1587 John Lyman 71 71 ~1518 Margaret Gerard ~1526 - 1578 Peter Rande 52 52 1559 Joan ~1533 Robert Crackbone 1496 - 1507 Henry Lyman 11 11 ~1492 Alicia Hyde 1485 William Gerard ~1494 - 1560 William Rande 66 66 ~1470 - 1509 Thomas Lyman 39 39 ~1474 Elizabeth Lambert ~1466 Simon Hyde <1430 - >1470 John Lyman 40 40 ~1430 Joanna Trethewy <1447 - >1474 Henry Lambert 27 27 ~1404 Saloman Lyman ~1414 William Lambert ~1383 - <1446 Thomas (William) Lambert 63 63 ~1387 Joane De Umfreville D. <1399 Allan Lambert ~1361 - 1391 Thomas De Umfreville 30 30 ~1365 - 1420 Agnes 55 55 D. >1377 Nicholas Lambert ~1324 - 1387 Thomas De Umfreville 63 63 ~1328 Joan De Roddam ~1583 John Wellen ~1569 John Wood 1700 - 1770 Damaris Atwater 70 70 1649 - 1739 Jonathan Baldwin 90 90 1658 - 1693 Hannah Ward 34 34 1609 - 1684 Joseph Baldwin 75 75 Baldwin, Charles Candee, The Baldwin genealogy from 1500 to 1881
Cleveland: unknown, 1881, 991 pgs. 1613 - 1661 Hannah Whitlock 48 48 ~1630 John Ward ~1550 - 1570 Thomas Baldwin 20 20 ~1552 Jane Tyndall ~1500 - ~1563 John Baldwin 63 63 ~1490 - ~1552 Robert Baldwin 62 62 ~1493 Agnes Dolte 1576 - 1632 Richard Baldwin 56 56 Isabella Harding ~1585 - 1658 John Whitlock 73 73 ~1740 Richard Harding 1630 - 1669 George Bartlett 39 39 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, volume 56, April 1902, page 155-156

Deacon George Bartlett is said to have been a brother of John Bartlett who lived in Windsor. He was at Guilford soon after the settlement of the plantation. His name appears as a witness in the first court record, August 14, 1645, and it would seem as if he had been there then a considerable time.
At a Court, Oct. 9, 1945, he was appointed with three others, "to make and finish ye pound within ye time of 3 weeks under ye fine of 20 shillings." He seems to have been a man of education and consequences in the community, and was frequently a witness in the Courts. At a General Court, on May 22, 1648, "Mr." Bartlett was given the "Freeman's Charge." In the book of "Terriers," his name is tenth with a homelot containing four and a half acres, allowed for four, at the South-west corner of the Green. He was chosen overseer of highways, on May 22, 1649, and on June 9, 1653, one of the townsmen. He succeeded Gov. William Leete as Secretary of the Plantation, on June 5, 1662, and at the same time became one of the Deputies to hold the Particular Courts. He was chosen on April 23, 1665, with John Fowler, as one of the representatives sent by Guilford to the General Assembly of Connecticut, by which colony the New Haven jurisdiction had just been absorbed. On July 6, 1665, he was appointed Lieutenant of the Train Band at Guilford. Prior to that date, but after 1660, he and John Fowler were made the first deacons of the Guilford Church.
On June 23, 1654, New Haven Jurisdiction raised a company numbering 133, commanded by Capt. Seeley, to cooperate with an army of 800 from all the United Colonies of New England, and George Bartlett was appointed to command the Guilford contingent of 17, with the rank of Sergeant. On June 9, 1651, he was elected Marshal of the Plantation, succeeding Thomas Jones. In 1665 he was appointed, with Robert Kitchel, as "commissioner" of Guilford, and "invested with magistratical power." In 1649, he and John Hoadley were appointed by the town of Guilford to build a cart bridge over East River, receiving 3 pounds in English commodities, the rest in "country pay or worke." A year previously he had been one of the three men appointed to build a fence to keep the young cattle from the "herd's walk." Deacon Bartlett was married, by Mr. Samuel Desborough (my 10th great grand-uncle), to Mary, daughter of Abraham Cruttenden (founder of Guilford and my 10th great-grandfather) , on Sept. 14, 1650. He died Aug. 2, 1669, and was buried the next day. His wife did not long survive, but died on Sept. 10, 1669. 1632 - 1669 Mary Cruttenden 37 37 1610 - 1683 Abraham Cruttenden 73 73 1612 - ~1663 Mary Hinkson 51 51 ~1584 - 1683 Abraham Cruttenden 99 99 ~1588 Elizabeth Roberts 1601 - 1683 George Hubbard 82 82 Mr. Hubbard was one of the earliest settlers in Wethersfield, CT, 1635. He was appointed as one of the two men permitted to trade with the Indians. From 1637 to 1640 he was a member of the General Assembly. According to Vol.1, of the Colonial Records of Conn., he was appointed by the General Court "to gather passages of God's providence which have been remarkable since the first of the Plantation". He removed to Guilford in 1648, and represented that settlement as "Deputy of the Colony" in 1657-60, 1662 and 1665. He practiced surveying both at Wethersfield and at Guilford. He was a magistrate from 1670 to 1676

"History of New Haven to it's Absorption Into Connecticut", Atwater

George Hubbard was in Wethersfield in 1636, probably came there from Watertown, and was a representative from Wethersfield in the first General Assembly in 1643. He removed to Milford and is recorded on the Milford map of 1646. (there is a map on p 155 of the book). In 1650 he was in Guilford, where his wife Mary died Sept 16, 1676. He d Jan, 1683. From hjis seven or more children,a large number of people have descended. (See the Hubbard Genealogy, 1895, 512 pages, NY)

George was in Wethersfield 1636, probably went from Watertown, representative 1638 in the first General Assembly and several times thereafter, removed to Milford 1643, then to Guilford 1650, where he was of importance, representative to New Haven 1665 and 1666, after the union of the two colonies. His will of May 1683, preceded with a codicil of Dec 30 preceeding names sons John, Daniel, and William; with daughters Mary, wife of John Fowler, Sarah, wife of Harrison or Morrison, Abigail, wife of Humphrey Spinning, Hannah, probably wife of Jacob Melyne or Meleyn, and Elizabeth, unmarried. Daniel, Abigail, and Hannah were baptized 26 May 1644 at Milford.

George Hubbard,- (c1594-Jan 1683) married c1627 Mary Bishop (c1610-73) in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. She was the daughter of John (-14 Sep 1676) and Ann Bishop, who also immigrated. George and Mary immigrated by 1633 to Watertown, MA and were among that town's settlers of Wetherfield, CT in 1635. In 1636, the governing commission assigned George to survey the boundaries of Wetherfield and Windsor, CT. George represented Wetherfield on the commission 1638-42 (he was fined one shilling for coming to his first meeting late). In 1638, he also became one of the two Wetherfield resident authorized to trade with local Indians; 11 years later, George would be fined ¹10 for trading a gun to an Indian. In 1640, George was granted 195 acres at Naubuc Farms, present-day Glastonbury. However, George also appears among the 44 original settlers of Milford, 20 November 1639, for an allotment of ten acres. George Hubbard was admitted 15 January 1644 to the Milford church. They moved to Guilford by 1648, where Mary's parents also settled. George was admitted to the Gilford church 6 October 1650. His name appears on a freeman's list for Gilford c1650-52, and as having moved from Milford. He served eight years as a deputy magistrate 1652-66, assembly member 1666- 67, and justice 1670. George Hubbard's estate was inventoried 30 May 1683 and valued at ¹564.8.6 sterling. He was buried in Guilford. ~1633 - 1675 Mary Bishop 42 42 1573 - 1646 Edmund Hubbard 73 73 1574 - 1649 Margaret Dewey 75 75 1590 - 1660 John Bishop 70 70 "A History of the Plantation of Menunkatuck" by Bernard Christian Steiner 1897
page 88

As early as October 9, 1645, four men are fined for neglecting to keep up a fence against cattle, and on May 28, 1646, the  second civil case recorded was heard, that of Relf vs. Bishop & Jordan, for trespass by "hoggs" on the plaintiff's corn.  Thomas Relf claimed that he was damnifyed to the value fo fifty shillings, by injury done by the defendants' animasl to 2 acres of Indian Corn in the East Creek quater. John Bishop confessed that the hogs were his and was fined 5 bushels of Indian corn and 7 shillings in wampum; but Thomas Jordan denied ownership of the hogs and was, apparently, acquitted.
This suit led to another, Bishop vs. Sheaffe, in which the plaintiff claimed that the hogs had gotten into Relf's corn, through the "default" of Mr. Sehaffe's fence, and that the fine should be repaid him by the defendant. Mr Sheaffe, by his attorneys, Messrs. Kitchel and Chittenden, acknowledged that his fence was unmade, but claimed that Mr. Bishop;s "hoggs were disorderly, viz: unyoked, &c." As no proff of neglect on Mr. Bishop's part was given, the Court sentenced Mr. Sheaffe to repay the fine.

page 247
(chapter on fences)
At the same meeting (December 30, 1647), "the Court", being willing to show tenderness & respect to Mr. Bishop", granted for a year his petition to be "foreborne fencing of the way (Boston Street) from his lands by Thomas Relfe's," provided "he be carefull to keep convenient gates for passage."

Title: The Bishop Genealogy pages ix thru xi.
The vessel St. John, carrying John Bishop and his family, together with 24 other original settlers of Guilford, sailed from London 20 May 1639. They landed at Quinnipiack around 10 Sep 1639. His name is the second signature on the Guilford Compact.
They then relocated to Menunkatuck, now Guilford. John Bishop was on the the six original trustees of the community land, and one of the four original justices of the peace.
His date of birth is not known, but he is assumed to have been near 50 when he came to America since he already had grandchildren. He was a farmer and owned a large tract of land in addition to his seven acre home lot.
He died in Jan 1660. He will was probated 7 Feb 1660 (New Haven Colonial Records, p 449 and Guilford Records, Book A page 185). He wife died at the home of her son-in-law, John Steele in Hartford in April 1676.
Title: The Guilford Covenant - 1639
We whose names are here underwritten intending by God's gracious permission to plant ourselves in New England,and if it maybe in the southerly part of Quinnipiack ,do faithfully promise each, for ourselves and those that belong to us that we will the Lord assisting us sit down and form ourselves together in one entire plantation and be helpful each to the other in any common work according to everyman's ability and as need shall require and we promise not to desert or leave each other or the plantation but with the consent of the rest or the greater part of the company who have entered into this engagement. As to our gathering to be joined together in that way we do refer ourselves, until such time, as it shall please, God to settle us in our plantation. In witness where of we subscribe our names, this first of June , 1639.

Robert Kitchell - Thomas Jones - William Plane - John Mepham - Thomas Naish
JOHN BISHOP - John Jordan - Richard Guttage - Thomas Norton - Henry Kingnoth - Francis Bushnell - William Stone - John Housefol - Abraham Cruttenden - Henry Dowde - William Chittenden - John Hoadely - William Dudley - Francis Chatfield - Thomas Cooke - William Leete - John Stone - John Pemely - William Halle - Henry Whitfield. ~1604 - 1676 Ann Stevens 72 72 Some information from the will of Mrs. Ann Bishop, made 12 June 1673, in which she gave twenty shillings to her grandchild Elizabeth Hubbard. Mrs. Bishop gave her eldest son John Bishop 5 pounds above "his equal proportion with my other Too children," and she willed that the residue of her estate should be divided "Betwixt my three children, viz., John and Steuen Bishop and James Steele." Further she called James Steele her son-in-law, and the inventory mentioned property in Mr. Steele's hands "which his wife claims as given to her by her Mother."
The terms used in the will prove conclusively that Mrs. Bishop had but three living children in 1673: John, Stephen, and Bethia wife of James Steele 1563 - 1625 Henry Hubbard 62 62 1572 - 1641 Dorothy Bell 68 68 ~1548 - 1600 Robert Dewey 52 52 ~1553 Margaret Stasye ~1555 - 1674 Richard Bishop 119 119 D. 1658 Dolabelle Or Dulzabella ~1537 - 1600 Thomas Hubbard 63 63 ~1541 Audrey Hare 1539 - 1577 Robert Bell 38 38 1538 - 1603 Dorothy Beaupre 65 65 ~1524 Richard Bishop ~1479 Miles Hubbard ~1507 Ellinor Blaverhasset ~1515 William Hare ~1517 Alice Rugge ~1513 Robert Bell 1480 - 1568 Edmunde Beaupre 88 88 ~1520 - 1603 Catherine Bedingfield 83 83 ~1436 - 1517 James Hubbard 81 81 ~1440 - 1494 Margery Lyhart 54 54 ~1481 John Blaverhasset ~1483 Jane Tindall ~1465 - 1513 Nicholas Thomas Beaupre 48 48 ~1473 - 1513 Margaret Dorwood Forderinghay 40 40 ~1533 Henry Bedingfield ~1532 Elizabeth Walshingham ~1409 - >1494 Thomas Hubbard 85 85 ~1437 - 1541 Thomas Beaupre 104 104 ~1439 Margaret Ashfield ~1446 - 1491 Thomas Fotheringhaye 45 45 ~1473 Elizabeth Doreward ~1445 Philip Bedingfield ~1447 Agnes or Anne Yaxley ~1447 William Walsingham ~1388 - 1479 William Hubbard 91 91 ~1410 - ~1459 Thomas Beaupre 49 49 ~1414 - ~1439 Margaret Meers 25 25 ~1409 Robert Ashfield ~1416 Gerard Fotheringhaye ~1405 Sibyl ~1418 William Dorward ~1420 Margaret Harsyke ~1419 John Bedingfield ~1421 Alice Stonham ~1421 John Busard ~1370 - ~1458 Thomas Hubbard 88 88 ~1364 Ellinor ~1379 Nicholas Beaupre ~1381 Margaret Holdich ~1388 John Meers ~1386 Thomas Fotheringhaye ~1388 Agnes Le Stange ~1390 - 1462 John Doreward 72 72 ~1380 - 1460 Blanche Coggeshall 80 80 ~1394 - 1453 Roger Harsyke 59 59 ~1396 Alice Witchingham ~1395 Walter Stonham ~1349 John Hubbard ~1351 Allinor Taylor ~1325 - <1392 Thomas De Beaupre 67 67 ~1327 - <1392 Joan Holbeach 65 65 ~1355 Richard Holdich ~1362 John Le Stange ~1366 Elizabeth Botelea ~1366 William Doreward ~1368 Katherine Wallcott ~1359 William Coggeshall ~1351 Antiocha Hawkwood ~1368 - 1401 John Harsyke 33 33 ~1370 Agnes Caley ~1370 Nicholas Witchingham 1571 - 1645 John Fowler 74 74 John Fowler, of Dalbury Lees, m. Frances, daughter of William Webb, Sr., of Burntwood, Staffordshire, as we learn from the following document in Vol. IV, N. S., Wm. Salt, Archaeoligical Journal, Staffordshire, p. 38: "Octave of St. Michael, 10 James I, 1612, William Webb the younger, Humphrey Chrichtley and Alice his wife;  John Fowler and Frances his wife, Complaints, and Richard Webb and Isabella his wife, Defendants. Amicable suit to tansfer to complainant's lawful heirs of William Webb, Sr., all right, title and interest in and to 3 cottages, 3 gardens, 4 acres of meadow, 30 acres of pasture in Pipe Ediall and Burntwood for the consideration of L41."  William Webb, Sr. also had a son Joseph who m. Mary, daughter of William Amphlet.  Mr. Fowler d. in 1645, his will proved by son Joseph who was sole executor; it is dated 20 June, 1639; proved in London, 1645, mentions wife Frances, son William, not then in England, son Joseph to whom he leaves the lands bought from his brother Henry, daughter Anne, wife of William Brown, son Richard, neice Rebecca, orphan daughter of brother William, daughters Isabel, Margaret, Alice, and Judith; son Joseph, sole executor. ~1584 Frances Webb ~1550 - 1626 William Fowler 76 76 William Fowler, was b. at Bisley, Co. Glouchester, about 1550-51; removed to an estate at Dalbury Lees, in Derbyshire, evidently the lands referred to in the will of his grandfater, Roger Fowler of Bisley.  We have been unable to ascertain the name of his wife, but her christian name was possibly Edith as his only daughter was so named.  He d. in 1626; will provided at Litchfield, 1626; makes his only daughter, Edith, sole executrix. ~1558 - 1617 Ann (Anne) Heawood 59 59 ~1558 William Webb ~1520 Thomas Fowler <1500 - 1540 Roger Fowler 40 40 Removed to Bisley, Co. Glouchester, where he d. in 1540.  Wife's name was Johanna Harman as we learn from his will, as he speaks of his wife's brother, Thomas Harman, also mentions his brother Richard Fowler of Stonehouse who was considerably younger than himself. He speaks of lands he owns in Salop, Derby, Bucks, Berks, and Glouchester; mentions the following children: Thomas, son and heir, William, Giles, Henry, Francis, Roger, Katharine, Alice, Elizabeth, and Agnes, also wife Johanna. ~1500 Joanna Harmon ~1445 William Fowler William Fowler, was b. in Foxley, Co.  Bucks, about 1445.  The only thing about him we know of, is, that he was a joint tenant or owner of the Manor of Cleware, Co. Berks, which formerly belonged to his anccestor, Sir John Foxley, of Foxley, and by him willed to his daughter Katharine, who m. John Warbleton and who in turn passes it to their daughter Elizabeth who m. John Syferwadte and they in turn passed it to their daughter and co-heiress Margaret who m. David Breknoke and had two sons, John and Richard.  The two following papers tell the story:
1 Calender of ancient deeds, Vol 2, B. 3690, p. 430.  "Grant by Margaret, late wife of David Breknoke, deceased, and  daughter, and Co-heiress of John Syferwaste, to Richard Fowler, Thomas Fowler, William Fowler, Richard Chamberlaine, Thomas Rookes, Thomas Danvers and John Breknoke; of a moiety of Cleware Manor, Co. Berks: also Letter of Atty. to Thomas Wellesbourne, John Blackpall and William Rabbes, to deliver seisin of the same, 5 March, 16 Edward IV, 1475."
2 In Vol. 1, B. 1112, p. 320, some of the above mantioned parties transferred their interest to Richard breknoke.  "Demise by Richard Chamberlaine, Thomas Fowler, Thomas Danvers, and John Breknoke and Elizabeth his wife, to Richard Breknoke, brother of said John, of a moiety of the manor of Cleware, Co. Berks, which they had of the late Margaret Breknoke, widow of David Breknoke, one of the daughters and co-heiresses of John Syferwaste, dated 9 May, 1 Henry VII, 1485."  Vol. I B. 1454, p. 354, we find the following:  "Letter of Attorney issued by Thomas Broune, Clerk, to William Fowler and Nicholas Basewyk, joint tenants, to deliver to John Cotesmour Seisin of the Manor of Eselburgh, Co. Bucks, dated 16 May, 8 Henry VII, 1492."  This William Fowler had issue, two sons and one daughter.  He was also of Hambledon, Co. Rutland, in 1500.  Mis. Gen. et Her., N. S., Vol I, p. 450. 1400 - 1452 William Fowler 52 52 Buried: St. Dunstan'S Chapel, Westminster Abbey 1403 Cecily Englefield <1380 Henry Fowler Used the barton arms as those of Fowler as did his heirs until 1520, viz: Ermine on a canton, gules, an owl argent. ~1382 Isabel Barton ~1378 - 1415 Nicholas Englefield 37 37 ~1380 - <1411 Joane Clark 31 31 ~1350 - 1412 John Fowler 62 62 Acquired an estate in Buckinghamshire which he named Foxley. ~1352 Margaret Loveday ~1340 John Barton ~1348 - ~1380 Philip Englefield 32 32 ~1352 Joan ~1354 Nicholas Clark ~1356 Katherine Rycote <1320 - 1361 John Fowler 41 41 Mentioned in the will of Richard de Hartlegh (evidently his brother in law), Marshal and Citizen of London, who lived in the parish of St. Sepulchre- without-Newgate; will dated 23 April, 1361, entered on roll 89, folio 68, Hustings Court of London; made bequest of 100 Geneva Florins to his brother John to assist him in finding his (John's) son if living. ~1322 N.n. De Hartleigh ~1326 Henry Loveday ~1292 - ~1362 Roger Englefield 70 70 ~1304 Joan Sarah 1905 - 1908 Laurence Wilson Hamilton 2 2 Buried Allegeheny Cemetery, Section 16 - Wison lot Living Hamilton Sarah Fowler Died young. William Fowler Sarah Fowler Ambrose Fowler 1648 - 1651 Abigail Fowler 3 3 1650 - 1670 Mary Fowler 19 19 1654 - 1735 John Fowler 81 81 1656 - 1751 Mehitable Fowler 95 95 1658 - 1676 Elizabeth Fowler 18 18 1679 - 1757 Abigail Fowler 78 78 1681 - 1717 Mary Fowler 36 36 1683 - 1754 Abraham Fowler 71 71 1684 - 1768 Ebenezer Fowler 84 84 1686 - 1776 Daniel Fowler 90 90 1690 - 1724 Caleb Fowler 34 34 1694 - 1794 Elizabeth Fowler 100 100 1725 Hannah Fowler 1727 - 1807 Caleb Fowler 80 80 1728 - 1810 Elizabeth Fowler 82 82 1730 - 1816 Jonathan Fowler 85 85 Timothy Fowler Died young. Sarah Fowler Aaron Fowler Imbecile. Elihu Fowler 1753 Josiah Fowler 1754 - 1755 Elihu Fowler 11m 11m 1758 Isaac Fowler 1760 Ruth Fowler 1760 - 1825 Solomon Fowler 65 65 Abigail Fowler 1924 - 1956 Marian Ruth Woods 32 32 Was married; desceased. 1907 - 1980 Dorothy Hoyt 72 72 Name: Dorothy Holmes
SSN: 455-76-2767
Last Residence: 77006  Houston, Harris, Texas, United States of America
Born: 22 Aug 1907
Died: Apr 1980
State (Year) SSN issued: Texas (1962 ) 1832 Samuel or Lemuel McCormick 1880 farmer, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI.
1900 farmer, Riga Twp, Lenawee, MI. ~1842 Serena E. 1920 wd, none, with Sadie. N.n. Hunter ~1848 George Williams 1870 tabacconist, Allegheny, PA.
1880 cigar manufacturer, Allegheny, PA.
1900 cigar mfg., Allegheny, PA. ~1135 - 1159 William Of Blois 24 24 1366 - 1413 Henry IV 46 46 Henry IV, b. April 1366, d. Mar. 20, 1413, was the first English king of the
house of Lancaster. Known as Bolingbroke after his birthplace, he was an
active opponent of King Richard II and was in forced exile when he succeeded
his father, John of Gaunt, as duke of Lancaster in 1399. Richard promptly
confiscated his lands and ordered him exiled for life. Later in 1399, however,
Henry returned, forced Richard's abdication, and ascended the throne, claiming
the right of inheritance from Henry III (through his mother).

Many questioned his claim, and Henry's reign was troubled by revolts. In
Wales, Owen Glendower led a rebellion; in the north the Percy family, which
had helped Henry in 1399 and also defeated the Scots for him at Homildon Hill
(1402), turned against him. The king defeated his enemies at Shrewsbury (1403)
and Bramham Moor (1408) and finally overcame these threats.

Henry's parliaments were also critical of his management of finances and
forced him to accept nominated councils. In his later years his control of
affairs was weakened by bad health and rivalries among Thomas Arundel,
archbishop of Canterbury; Thomas Beaufort, earl of Dorset; and the prince of
Wales, who succeeded him as Henry V. 1360 - 1415 Philippa Of Lancaster 55 55 1357 - 1433 John 'the Great' 76 76 John I, b.  Apr.  11, 1357, d.  Aug.  14, 1433, ruled Portugal from 1385 to
1433, a period that saw the beginning of Portuguese overseas expansion.  The
illegitimate son of Peter I, John came to the throne in a revolt against the
regency established by the widow of his half brother, Ferdinand I
on behalf of Ferdinand's daughter Beatrice, the wife of John I of Castile.
John's defeat of the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385
assured Portuguese independence, although a formal peace was not concluded
until 1411.
In 1387, John married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt.  Ably
advised by his chancellor, Joao das Regras, and his military commander, Nuno
Alvares Pereira, John strengthened the powers of the monarchy and of the
merchants and lesser nobles at the expense of the higher aristocracy.  Not
content with ruling a stable and prosperous, albeit small, kingdom, John took
advantage of Portugal's maritime position to encourage shipbuilding and
overseas trade.  In 1415 a major expedition seized the strategic harbor and
trading city of Ceuta on the coast of Morocco, and in the 1420s the Portuguese
began to settle the Madeira Islands, stepping-stones toward the South
Atlantic.  John was succeeded as king by his eldest son, Edward I;  John's
sons, especially Henry the Navigator, continued Portuguese patronage of
overseas exploration. 1320 - 1367 Peter I 'the Severe' 46 46 Before he was crowned (1357) king of Portugal, Peter I, b. Apr. 8, 1320, d.
Jan. 18, 1367, was a participant in an episode that has been frequently
romanticized in Portuguese literature. His father, Alfonso IV (r. 1325-57),
caused the murder (1355) of Peter's mistress (and perhaps later wife), Inez de
Castro, and the prince subsequently led a brief revolt against him. After
Peter became king, he condemned the murderers to horrible deaths; in his
pursuit of justice, he earned the epithet Peter the Severe. D. 1394 Mary De Bohun 1387 - 1422 Henry V 34 34 The English king Henry V, b.  Sept.  16?, 1387, was a brilliant military
organizer who conquered France.  After succeeding his father, Henry IV, in
1413, he quelled minor revolts by the Lollard heretic Sir John Oldcastle
(1414) and by nobles supporting the claim of the Mortimer family to the crown
(1415).  He then united the country in a revival of the Hundred Years' War
against France.

On his first campaign, in 1415, Henry inflicted a crushing defeat on the
divided French nobility in the Battle of Agincourt.  In 1417 he started an
ambitious war of conquest that led to the occupation (1419) of Normandy.  By
the Treaty of Troyes (1420), Henry was recognized as heir of Charles VI of
France and married Charles's daughter Catherine.  With only the resistance of
the dauphin (the future Charles VII) impeding the complete conquest of France,
Henry died on Aug.  31, 1422.  He was succeeded by his 9-month-old son, Henry
VI. Thomas Of Clarence John Of Bedford Humphrey Of Glouchester 1401 - 1437 Catherine Of Valois 35 35 Catherine of Valois (1401-37), queen consort of England (1420-22), wife of
Henry V, king of England, and daughter of Charles VI, king of France, born in
Paris. When she was 12 years old, Henry V renewed the negotiations begun by
his father for a marriage with Catherine. Henry demanded a large dowry and the
French regions of Aquitaine and Normandy. The proposition was rejected, and in
1415 Henry invaded France and forced compliance with his terms. When he
married Catherine in Troyes, France, in June 1420, he received the provinces
claimed, the regency of France during the life of Charles, and the right to
succeed to the French throne after Charles's death. In February 1421 Catherine
was crowned at Westminster Abbey, and in December she bore a son, later King
Henry VI. After the death of Henry V in 1422, Catherine's union with the Welsh
squire Owen Tudor produced four children. One of her sons, Edmund Tudor, earl
of Richmond, married Margaret Beaufort; their son became Henry VII, the first
Tudor king of England. 1421 - 1471 Henry Vi 49 49 Henry VI, b. Dec. 6, 1421, d. May 21, 1471, Lancastrian king of England
(1422-61, 1470-71), succeeded as a baby to the crowns of England and France
after the death of his father, Henry V. English-occupied France was governed
until 1435 by his uncle John, duke of Bedford, as regent; England, until 1437,
was governed by a minority council, often disrupted by the rivalries of
Cardinal Henry Beaufort and Humphrey, duke of Glouchester After the defeat by
Joan of Arc at Orleans in 1429, English power in France waned.

From 1437, Henry himself ruled England, influenced at first by Beaufort and
later by William de La Pole, duke of Suffolk. In 1445, Henry married Margaret
of Anjou as part of a truce with France. Suffolk, the architect of this
unpopular truce, was impeached in Parliament and murdered in 1450. In the same
year the uprising led by Jack Cade revealed widespread social discontent.

The influence of the Beaufort family, the king's bouts of insanity, and the
loss of the last French lands by 1453 led Richard, duke of York, to seek
power. In 1461, during the ensuing Wars of the Roses (between the houses of
York and Lancaster), Henry was deposed by Edward IV.

Henry fled to Scotland; he returned to England in 1464, but was captured in
1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1470 he was restored to the
throne by Richard Neville, earl of Warwick. The following year, however, he
was defeated again, captured, and murdered. 1319 - 1364 John II 'the Good' 44 44 John II, b.  Apr.  16, 1319, d.  Apr.  8, 1364, the elder son of Philip VI,
assumed a major role in French government by 1348 and became king in 1350.
John waged war against both England and domestic rebels led by his son-in-law,
Charles the Bad, king of Navarre.  He was criticized for his lowborn and
corrupt advisors.

In September 1356, John was captured by Edward, the Black Prince in the
battle of Poitiers. To ransom him from the English under the terms of the
Treaty of Bretigny (1360), the French paid the first regular peacetime taxes
in their history. When his hostage son broke parole, John returned to England
late in 1363 and died there. 1338 - 1380 Charles V 'the Wise' 42 42 Charles V, or Charles the Wise, b.  Jan.  21, 1338, d.  Sept. 16, 1380, king
of France from 1364 to 1380, was the oldest son of John II of France.
Exploited by the opponents of his inept father and forced to head the
government during the latter's captivity (1356-60), Charles struggled against
domestic brigandage and the peasant revolt called the Jacquerie.  He emerged
from this ordeal with increased political maturity and ensured the success of
his reign by winning the support of the influential (and previously hostile)
northwestern nobles.

The development of France's first regular system of taxation in the 1360s
enabled Charles to finance the armies that won the first major French
victories in the Hundred Years' War. Charles supported currency reform and
patronized artists and intellectuals, but his policies helped bring about
(1378) the Great Schism in the papacy.  Just before his death, he canceled a
tax that was particularly unpopular with the nobles. 1368 - 1422 Charles Vi 'the Mad' 53 53 Charles VI, b.  Dec.  3, 1368, d.  Oct.  21, 1422, was the son of Charles V
and king of France from 1380 to 1422.  Still a child when he succeeded his
father, he was dominated by his selfish uncles (notably Philip the Bold of
Burgundy) until they were ousted in 1388 by a coalition of royal officials and
northwestern nobles led by the constable Olivier de Clisson. In the next four
years, Charles instituted governmental reforms and economies, but after 1392
he suffered from recurrent insanity.  The dukes of Burgundy and Orleans
struggled for power, and in the ensuing civil war Henry V of England
successfully invaded France (1415) and forced Charles to disinherit his
remaining son and accept Henry as his heir. 1409 - 1480 Rene Of Anjou 71 71 King of Naples (1435-42), Rene of Anjou, b. Jan. 6, 1409, d. July 10, 1480,
occupies a place in both the political and the literary history of his time.
Rene inherited (1434) from his brother Louis III of Anjou the French lands of
Provence and Anjou, as well as a claim to the throne of Naples.
In 1435, on the death of Joan II of Naples, he became titular king but was
driven out (1442) by a rival claimant, Alfonso V of Aragon. He then turned his
attention to his interests in France. He fought (1449-50) alongside Charles
VII of France against the English in Normandy and in 1466 accepted the title
king of Aragon from the Catalans rebelling against John II of Aragon. He was
the author of two romances in prose and verse. 1429 - 1482 Margaret Of Anjou 53 53 Margaret of Anjou, b.  Mar.  23, 1429, d.  Apr.  25, 1482, was queen consort
of Henry VI of England (1445-61) and Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the
Roses.  The daughter of Rene of Anjou, later king of Naples, she married Henry
as part of the Anglo-French peace settlement in 1445.

Strong-willed in contrast to her feeble husband, she established an
ascendancy at the court together with the Beaufort family.  Her position was
reinforced by the birth of a son, Edward, in 1453.  She led the Lancastrian
resistance to the claims to power of Richard, duke of York.  After the victory
of Richard's son Edward IV in 1461, Margaret fled with Henry to Scotland.  She
traveled several times to France in search of help.  Margaret was in France
during Henry's brief restoration (1470-71).  In 1471 her son and husband died,
and she was captured following another Yorkist victory.  She was freed,
however, and allowed to retire to France in 1476. D. 1471 Edward Lancaster 1372 - 1407 Louis Of Orl‚ans 35 35 D. 1813 Augusta Hanover Charles William Ferdinand 1768 - 1821 Caroline Of Brunswick 53 53 Caroline of Brunswick (1768-1821), queen consort of Great Britain as wife of
King George IV. She was the daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of
Brunswick; her uncle King George III arranged her marriage to his son, George,
then prince of Wales, in 1795. George, however, disliked her and, after the
birth of their daughter, Charlotte Augusta, deserted her; from 1813 on, she
lived much of the time in Italy. She returned to England in 1820, when George
ascended the throne. Accused of adultery, she was tried by the House of Lords
but drew such enthusiastic crowds at her public appearances that the trial was
abandoned. Her husband, however, would not be reconciled with her, and she was
forcibly prevented from attending his coronation in 1821. She died shortly
afterward. 1796 - 1817 Charlotte Augusta Hanover 21 21 ~0995 - 1035 Canute II 40 40 Canute, b.  c.995, son of King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, was king of England
(1016-35), of Denmark (1019-35), and of Norway (1028-35), as well as lord of
the Orkney and Shetland Islands and of Scotland.  He became ruler of England
as a result of military victory over Aethelred II.  However, after the death
(1016) of AEthelred's son, Edmund Ironside, he won acceptance by the English
nobility, to whom he promised, and gave, strong government.  He regarded
himself as a successor to previous English kings and married AEthelred's
widow, Emma.  Canute's replacement of the Wessex dynasty by his own had no
lasting consequences in England;  nor can his rule of England be isolated from
his wider rule of a Scandinavian political complex.  He established close ties
with the Normans, who were also Vikings.  He was the first Viking chieftain
welcomed as an equal to Christian kings by the church;  indeed, he became a
Christian and was a founder and patron of monasteries.  On Canute's death
(Nov.  12, 1035), a succession dispute occurred between his sons, Harold
Harefoot and Harthacanute.  The latter was succeeded (1042) by Edward the
Confessor, marking the restoration of the house of Wessex. ~1019 - 1042 Hardecnute 23 23 Hardecanute (Danish Hardeknud) (circa 1019-42), king of Denmark (1035-42) and
last Danish king of England (1040-42), probably born in Denmark. He was the
son of King Canute and Emma of Normandy and thus the heir to the English
realm. When Canute died, however, Hardecanute was in Denmark, and his
illegitimate half brother, Harold Harefoot, who was then in England, took
control of that country; he was accepted as King Harold I by the witenagemot
(royal council) in 1037. The ensuing struggle between the two brothers was
ended only by the death of Harold in 1040. Hardecanute, then officially chosen
as king by the witenagemot, was unpopular with his subjects and left the
control of the realm to his mother and the powerful Godwin, earl of Wessex.
Hardecanute was succeeded in Denmark by Magnus I (the Good), king of Norway,
and in England by his half brother Edward the Confessor.


 D. 1040 Harold Harefoot Harold I (of England), called Harold Harefoot (died 1040), king of England
(1037-40), illegitimate son of Canute II, king of Denmark, Norway, and
England. On his father's death in 1035, Harold claimed the English crown,
despite Canute's designation of Hardecanute, Harold's legitimate half brother,
as the successor. The English witenagemot (royal council) settled the rival
claims by giving Mercia and Northumbria to Harold, and Wessex to Hardecanute.
Hardecanute remained in Denmark, however, and Wessex gave its allegiance to
Harold, who became king of all England in 1037. His reign was oppressive and
was marked by continual struggle with Hardecanute. 1198 - 1249 Alexander II 51 51 Alexander II (of Scotland) (1198-1249), king of Scotland (1214-49), the son of
William the Lion. He supported the English barons in their rebellion against
King John, helping them to secure the Magna Carta (1215), but in 1217 he
recognized John's successor, Henry III, as his overlord, and in 1221 he
married Henry's sister, Joan. After Joan's death in 1238, he took a second
wife, Mary of Coucy, who bore him a son in 1241. By the Peace of York (1237),
Alexander and Henry established the permanent boundary between England and
Scotland. At home, Alexander imposed his rule over outlying parts of Scotland
and strengthened the power of the monarchy. 1241 - 1286 Alexander III 44 44 Alexander III, b.  Sept.  4, 1241, d.  Mar.  18-19, 1286, king of Scotland,
succeeded his father, Alexander II, in 1249 while still a young boy.  Henry
III of England took advantage of the situation by trying to establish
suzerainty (political control) over Scotland, but the bishop of St.  Andrews,
with help from the papacy, prevented it.  In 1263 the Scottish king confronted
Haakon IV of Norway concerning the possession of the Hebrides and defeated the
Norwegians in the Battle of Largs.  Alexander established a united and
economically prosperous Scotland.  His sudden death, however--followed by that
of his heir, Margaret, maid of Norway--opened the way for Edward I of England
to intervene drastically in Scottish affairs. Isabella Of Bavaria 1403 - 1461 Charles Vii 'the Well-Served' 58 58 Charles VII, b.  Feb.  22, 1403, d.  July 22, 1461, was king of France from
1422 to 1461.  He was the fifth son of Isabella of Bavaria and, presumably, of
her husband, Charles VI of France. He became dauphin and heir to the throne in
1417, following the deaths of his brothers.  In 1419, Charles was involved in
the murder of John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy.  Henry V of England, who
was rapidly conquering northwestern France, concluded a treaty in 1420 with
the deranged Charles VI and the new duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good,
disinheriting the dauphin.  Therefore, when Charles VI died in 1422, only the
southern part of France recognized Charles VII as king.

His cause seemed hopeless until 1429, when a French force inspired by the
presence of St.  Joan of Arc stopped the English at Orleans.  Accompanied by
Joan, Charles went to Reims for his coronation as king (July 1429).

Despite the intrigues of competing royal favorites, Charles proved skillful at
court politics.  He became much stronger after making peace with Burgundy
(1435) and recapturing Paris (1436).  In the next decade he reestablished
regular taxation and instituted (1445) a permanent army.  The English were
expelled from most of France by 1453. 1423 - 1483 Louis Xi 'the Spider' 60 60 Louis XI was a highly successful French monarch whose enemies dubbed him the
Spider.  He was born on July 3, 1423, when his father, Charles VII, was at the
nadir of his political fortunes.  Louis did not get along with his father, and
at the age of 17 he joined an unsuccessful princely revolt called the
Praguerie.  In the 1440s he held a number of important commands, but in 1447
he retired to the Dauphine, the province that he held as heir to the throne
He ruled efficiently there until Charles seized the land in 1456 and drove him
into exile at the Burgundian court.  Louis's continuing feud with his father
was partly the product of misunderstandings purposely encouraged by their
respective advisors.

Louis returned from exile in 1461 to succeed Charles as king. Reversing many
of his father's policies, he soon antagonized a large part of the kingdom.  A
princely coalition called the League of the Public Weal rebelled in 1465, and
Louis had to make significant concessions to dissolve this group.  He then
realized that an effective monarchy required the weakening of the princes and
that this goal could be achieved more easily by capitalizing on their mutual
jealousies than by resorting to force.  In general he endeavored to cooperate
with the families of Bourbon and Anjou, to isolate Brittany, to crush the
dissident Gascon lords, and to break the power of the duke of Burgundy by
subsidizing the latter's other enemies, notably the Swiss.  Louis's greatest
successes derived from the death of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, in
1477 and the extinction of the princely house of Anjou in 1481, both of which
brought the crown substantial territory and eliminated dangerous rivals.

These successes were largely a matter of luck, a fact that makes assessing the
importance of Louis XI difficult.  His reign is rich in narrative
sources--mainly chronicles, memoirs, and the reports of Italian ambassadors.
These writings portray a king with many bizarre characteristics who enhanced
the greatness of his realm through guile and cunning;  he appears as an
inveterate schemer who earned the hatred of his subjects by tripling taxes but
who was able to liquidate serious threats to the monarchy without recourse to
costly wars.  Yet the vast administrative documents of Louis's reign have not
been carefully studied, and the memoirs of Philippe de Commynes, long the most
respected narrative source, has been discredited by recent scholarship.
Louis, who died on Aug.  30, 1483, remains an enigma. 1470 - 1498 Charles Viii 27 27 Charles VIII, b. June 30, 1470, king of France (1483-98), was the only son of
Louis XI. Becoming king at the age of 13, he faced an immediate challenge from
the princes. Charles's capable sister, Anne, and her husband, Pierre de
Beaujeu, retained custody of the young king, reduced taxes, and skillfully
pacified opponents at the States General of 1484. Despite a brief rebellion by
the princes the next year, Anne and her husband kept intact the power of the
monarchy. Charles gradually took over the government and married (1491) Anne
of Brittany. Charles is most famous for laying claim to the throne of Naples
and invading Italy in 1494, inaugurating the Italian Wars. After a quick
initial victory, which led to his coronation in Naples on May 12, 1495,
Charles fought his way out of Italy against a hostile coalition. He was
planning a new invasion when he died suddenly on Apr. 7, 1498, following an
accidental blow on the head. 1477 - 1514 Anne Of Brittany 36 36 Anne of Brittany, b. Jan. 25, 1477, d. Jan. 9, 1514, inherited the French
duchy of Brittany in 1488 and took care to preserve its autonomy in her two
marriages to kings of France: Charles VIII (1491) and Louis XII (1499). An
earlier proxy marriage (1490) to Maximilian of Austria (later Holy Roman
Emperor Maximilian I) was broken off when Charles VIII attacked Brittany.
Anne's daughter by Louis, Claude, married the future Frances I of France in
1514, and Brittany was finally incorporated into the French kingdom in 1532. 1499 - 1524 Claude Of France 25 25 Charles Of Angoulˆme Louise Of Savoy 1494 - 1547 Francis I 52 52 Francis I, the autocratic king who ruled France from 1515 to 1547, personified
the splendors of the Renaissance. He was born at Cognac on Sept. 12, 1494, the
son of Charles of Angouleme and Louise of Savoy. His marriage (1514) with
Claude, daughter of Anne of Brittany and his predecessor, Louis XII, continued
the association of Brittany with the crown.
In July 1515, seven months after his accession, Francis led an army across the
Alps and conquered Milan with his victory at Marignano. Four years later his
rivalry with the house of Habsburg intensified when he became a candidate for
the imperial crown in Germany. The election was won by the Habsburg king of
Spain, who became Holy Roman emperor as Charles V. Francis's subsequent war
against Charles ended in total defeat at the Battle of Pavia (1525), in which
Francis himself was captured. Released in 1526, he disavowed his promise to
cede Burgundy and began a new war, which lasted until the Peace of Cambrai in
1529. Francis sought alliances with the German Protestant princes and the
Turkish sultan, and he fought further wars against Charles V in 1536-38 and
1542-44.
Like his elder sister, Margaret of Angouleme, the king became a patron of the
arts and humanist learning. He founded (1529) the College de France, brought
Leonardo da Vinci to Amboise, and built magnificent chateaus, such as Chanbord
and Fontainebleau.
Francis's concordat with the papacy at Bologna in 1516 gave him control of
church appointments, but the church became increasingly corrupt under the
government of his chancellor, Cardinal Duprat, himself a great pluralist.
Until 1534, the king was tolerant of Protestantism, but in that year a series
of extremist Protestant placards gave him personal offense. Persecution
increased toward the end of his reign.
At the same time, the royal court was divided into factions under the
influence of Francis's favorites and his mistress, the duchesse d'Etampes. War
and patronage so strained the royal resources that Francis had to adopt
devices such as the sale of government offices and the prosecution of his own
financiers. By the time of the king's death at Rambouillet on Mar. 31, 1547,
the early glamour of his reign had become tarnished. 1519 - 1559 Henry II 40 40 Henry II of France, b. Mar. 31, 1519, d. July 10, 1559, initiated a period of
monarchical weakness in his country's history. He succeeded his father,
Francis I, in 1547. Henry had married (1533) Catherine de Medicis, but he was
dominated by his mistress, Diane de Poitiers. His court became a center of
rivalry between the families of Montmorency and Guise, and his administration,
which expanded the practice of selling government offices, brought the crown
to bankruptcy.

Although he persecuted the Huguenots (Protestants) in France, Henry allied
himself with the German Lutheran princes and occupied part of Lorraine in
1552. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V counterattacked, but failed to dislodge
Francois, duc de Guise, from Metz. Subsequently, a French army under Anne de
Montmorency was disastrously defeated by the Spanish at Saint-Quentin (1557),
though national pride was somewhat restored by Guise's capture of Calais from
the English (1558). In April 1559 a peace treaty was signed with Spain at
Cateau-Cambresis. During the celebrations the king was accidentally wounded in
a joust, and he died soon after. Henry was succeeded in turn by three of his
sons: Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. 1519 - 1589 Catherine De Medicis 69 69 Catherine de Medicis, b. Florence, Apr. 13, 1519, was the mother of the last
Valois kings of France and guardian of the royal authority in the Wars of
Religion. Her parents died soon after her birth, and she was brought up by her
Medici relatives during a period when their rule in Florence was marked by
violence and intrigue. In 1533 she went to France as the bride of the future
king Henry II, who became heir apparent in 1536 and king in 1547. Until her
husband's death in 1559 she endured the domination of his mistress, Diane de
Poitiers. Seven of Catherine's children survived infancy, and three of her
sons were successively kings of France as Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry
III.

As queen mother, Catherine played a major part in French government and on two
occasions ruled officially as regent. She relied on an inner group of
experienced bureaucrats and tried to balance the noble factions against each
other to preserve the authority of the crown in the civil wars. Despite her
penchant for astrology, she was a political realist who sought compromise
between the Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants). The ST. Bartholomew's
Day Massacre (1572) of the Huguenots was caused in part by her political
miscalculation. Catherine's critics accused her of following Italian
practices, especially the doctrines of Niccolo Machiavelli.

After the accession (1574) of Henry III, her favorite son, Catherine
frequently negotiated with the Catholic League, which sought to control the
crown. Appalled by the king's murder in December 1588 of the league leaders,
she died at Blois 2 weeks later, on Jan. 5, 1589. 1553 - 1615 Margaret Of Valois 61 61 Margaret of Valois, b. May 14, 1553, d. Mar. 27, 1615, was the youngest
daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de Medicis. On Aug. 18, 1572, six
days before the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, she was forced to marry the
Protestant Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV) to seal a Catholic-Protestant
reconciliation. Margaret was involved in a number of extramarital love affairs
at the courts of both her brother Henry III at Paris and her husband at Nerac.
Expelled from the royal court for her political intrigues, she returned to the
unwilling Navarre in 1584. After taking up arms against her husband Margaret
was banished (1586) to the castle of Usson in Auvergne, where she soon took
control. In 1599, ten years after Henry of Navarre's accession to the throne,
she consented to the annulment of her marriage. In 1605, Henry IV allowed her
to return to Paris. Margaret's charm and literary talent were admired by the
leading writers of the age. Her memoirs were translated in 1892. D. 1708 George Of Denmark 1342 - 1404 Philip 'the Bold' 62 62 Philip the Bold, b. Jan. 17, 1342, d. Apr. 27, 1404, the youngest son of John
II of France, served as a regent for his nephew, King Charles VI, and was
virtual ruler of France after Charles became insane (1392). Philip was
captured (1356) with his father at the Battle of Poitiers, and became duke of
Burgundy in 1363. Six years later he married Margaret, heiress to the counties
of Flanders, Burgundy, Artois, and Nevers. He ruled these lands as count after
1384, beginning a system of marriage alliances that was to bring important
parts of the Low Countries adjacent to Flanders into his family's realm. In
this way he created the Burgundian state that brought nominal unity to the
Netherlands. Philip was the dominant figure at the French court, although he
was strongly challenged in his later years by his nephew and rival, Louis, duc
d'Orleans 1832 - 1833 Charles Fowler 1 1 1834 Mary Eliza Fowler 1900 mother of 4, 3 still living. 1836 - 1844 Sarah Ives Fowler 8 8 1840 - BET 1920 AND 1930 John Strong Fowler 1860 with parents.
1870 editor, single, New Haven, CT.
1880 court clerk, New Haven, CT. Had malaria
1900 city court clerk, New Haven, CT.
1910 lawyer, New Haven, CT.
1920 lawyer, New Haven, CT. 1845 - BET 1920 AND 1930 Charles Ives Fowler 1900 bookkeeper, Little Falls, NY.
1920 accountant, Little Falls, NY. D. ~0784 Duke Bernard Sister Of Bertha Sister of Bertha, wife of Pepin 'the Short' 0715 - 0754 Carloman 39 39 Entered monastary in 0747. 0751 - 0771 Carloman 20 20 ~0812 Hildegarde 0980 - 1002 Otto III 21 21 Otto III, b. July 980, succeeded his father, Otto II, as German king in 983
and was crowned emperor in 996. Not yet 4 years old when his father died, Otto
faced only minor opposition to his succession. Until 995, guardians ruled for
him: his Byzantine mother, Theophano, his grandmother Adelheid, and Archbishop
Willigis of Mainz. After coming of age he was strongly influenced by the
churchmen Adalbert of Prague and Gerbert of Aurillac.
Highly educated and emotionally receptive to exotic influences, Otto gave more
attention to imperial and Italian affairs than to Germany. Proclaiming the
restoration of the ancient Roman Empire, he settled in Rome in 998 and
surrounded himself with antique artifacts and Byzantine ceremony.
Confusion in the papacy and Rome embroiled Otto in controversy. In 996 he
appointed the first German pope, Gregory V; in 999 he made Gerbert pope as
Sylvester II. Otto visited Poland in AD 1000; he had good relations with
Boleslaw I and gave Poland a native church organization by creating the
archbishopric of Gniezno. While facing a rebellion in Rome, he died on Jan.
23, 1002. Otto left no descendants and was succeeded by his third cousin Henry
II. 1293 - 1348 Jeanne 'la Boiteuse' 55 55 1315 - 1349 Jutte (Bona) Of Bohemia 34 34 1296 - 1346 John Of Bohemia 50 50 John (of Bohemia) (1296-1346), king of Bohemia (1310-46), the son of Holy
Roman Emperor Henry VII of Luxembourg. He became count of Luxembourg in 1309.
In the struggle between Austria and Bavaria for the crown of the Holy Roman
Empire, John gained victory for Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria in the Battle of
Mühldorf in 1322. From 1333 to 1335, John waged an unsuccessful campaign in
Italy on behalf of the Guelphs. He became blind about 1340 but continued his
active life. He was killed while assisting the French against the English at
the Battle of Crécy. His son became Holy Roman emperor as Charles IV and king
of Bohemia as Charles I. 1292 - 1330 Eliska Of Bohemia 38 38 ~1274 - 1313 Henry Vii 39 39 Henry VII, or Henry of Luxemburg, born c.1274, d.  Aug.  24, 1313, was the
first Holy Roman emperor of the Luxemburg dynasty, which was to remain
prominent for a century.  He grew up under French cultural influence.  This
made him acceptable to the aggressive Philip IV of France, and he was
therefore elected (1308) German king as a compromise candidate after the
assassination of Albert I.
Since 1250 no German ruler had worn the crown of Holy Roman emperor.  Henry
determined to acquire it, to rebuild imperial power, and thus to pacify
Germany.  First, he laid the territorial foundation for his family's strength
by acquiring (1310) the kingdom of Bohemia for his son John.  Then, in October
1310, he entered Italy.  Hoping to end the strife between Guelphs and
Ghibellines, Henry was crowned (1311) king of the Lombards at Milan.  After
encountering opposition, however, he openly embraced the Ghibelline
(traditionally proimperialist) cause and made Pisa his base.  Henry was
crowned emperor by cardinals in Rome on June 29, 1312, but he immediately
found Pope Clement V in Avignon, Philip of France, and Robert of Naples allied
with the Guelph cities against him. He was moving south to attack Robert when
he died.  Henry was greatly admired by Dante. ~1274 Marguerite Of Brabant 1271 - 1305 Vaclav II 33 33 1271 - 1297 Jutte Of Austria 26 26 ~1246 - 1285 Kunegunda Rostislavna 39 39 1218 - 1291 Rudolf I 73 73 The first German king after the chaotic Interregnum (1254-73), Rudolf I, b.
May 1, 1218, d.  July 15, 1291, established the Habsburg dynasty in Austria,
where it ruled until 1918.  A son of Albert IV, count of Habsburg, Rudolf held
scattered lands in the Upper Rhineland and Switzerland.  After the
Hohenstaufen king Conradin died (1268), Rudolf was elected his successor.
Crowned at Aachen (1273), he launched a campaign to revive the monarchy's
prestige and to recover alienated fiefs.  King Ottokar II of Bohemia, who had
sought to succeed Conradin, refused to surrender the duchies of Austria,
Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, prompting Rudolf to declare war in 1276.
Ottokar quickly came to terms with Rudolf, but two years later he rebelled and
was killed in the Battle of the Marchfeld near Durnkrut, Aug.  26, 1278.
Rudolf gave most of the new territory to his own sons in 1282, thus raising
the Habsburg family to the rank of a major German dynasty.
In Germany, Rudolf is credited with quelling internal unrest as he strove to
spark urban prosperity.  He had difficulty checking French expansionism on his
western frontier, and he lacked a firm policy toward Italy and the papacy.
Unable to arrange for his own imperial coronation, Rudolf also failed to
persuade German electors to pass the crown to his son, who finally succeeded
to the German throne (as Albert I) in 1298. ~1225 - 1281 Gertrude Von Hohenberg 56 56 1350 - 1405 Marguerite Of Flanders 54 54 1330 - 1384 Louis III 53 53 1323 - 1368 Marguerite Of Brabant 45 45 1200 - 1227 Ludwig IV 'der Heilige' 26 26 1207 Erzsebet Of Hungary 1224 - 1275 Sofie Of Thuringia 51 51 1363 - 1423 Margarethe Of Bavaria 60 60 1336 - 1404 Albrecht I 68 68 ~1340 - 1386 Malgorzata Of Brieg 46 46 1282 - 1347 Louis IV 65 65 Louis, or Ludwig, IV, b.  Apr.  1, 1282, d.  Oct.  11, 1347, overcame a
disputed election to the German kingship and intense papal opposition in the
last major medieval church-state conflict.  When Emperor Henry VII of the
house of Luxemburg died, the German electors sought a king from another
dynasty. They divided, however, between Louis, who was duke of Bavaria and a
member of the Wittelsbach family, and the Habsburg Frederick the Fair of
Austria.  Both were elected king in 1314, and a long war ensued.  Louis
finally won with a decisive victory in the Battle of Muhldorf in 1322.

At this point Pope John XXII, living in Avignon, intervened, claiming the
right to veto Louis's election.  When Louis denied this right, John
excommunicated him.  Supported by philosophers Marsilius of Padua and John of
Jandun, as well as by some disaffected Franciscan friars, Louis entered Italy
in 1327.  He had himself crowned emperor by lay officials in Rome in 1328 and
set up an antipope, Nicholas V.  Most of the German princes came to back Louis
against increasingly fierce papal denunciations, and in 1338, by the
Declaration of Rense, the electors asserted that they alone had the power to
elect the German kings, who automatically became emperors-elect.  Louis's
decree Licet juris enacted that statement as law.

Louis continued to negotiate, to no avail, with John's successors, Benedict
XII and Clement VI.  In the meantime he alienated his German supporters by his
expansion of his family's domains.  To acquire the Tyrol he annulled (1341)
the marriage of its heiress, Margaret Maultasch, by royal decree and induced
her to marry his own son, thus contravening canon law.  In 1346 the electors
finally accepted the papal deposition of Louis and elected Charels IV of the
house of Luxemburg as king.  Louis was preparing to fight when he died while
hunting. 1311 - 1356 Margaretha Of Holland 45 45 1274 - 1319 Rudolf I 'der Stammler' 44 44 <1280 - 1323 Mathilde 43 43 1229 - 1294 Ludwig II 65 65 ~1251 - 1304 Mathilde Of Austria 53 53 ~1255 - 1298 Adolf Of Nassau 43 43 ~1259 - 1313 Imagine 54 54 D. 0851 Nominoe De Vannes Ruled 0826-0851. Argentakl D. 0857 Erispok De Vannes Ruled 0851-0857 1125 - 1152 Alix (Peronnelle) Of Aquitaine 27 27 1152 - 1221 Elenore De Vermandois 69 69 1574 - 1610 Friedrich IV 36 36 1576 - 1644 Louisa Juliana 67 67 1539 - 1583 Ludwig Vi 44 44 1539 - 1582 Elisabeth 43 43 1533 - 1584 Willem I 'the Silent' 51 51 1546/47 - 1582 Charlotte De Bourbon 1515 - 1576 Friedrich III 61 61 1519 - 1567 Marie Of Brandenburg 48 48 1504 - 1567 Philip 'the Magnaminous' 62 62 Philip the Magnanimous (1504-67), landgrave of Hesse; German prince who helped
ensure the survival of Protestantism in the early years of the Reformation.
Philip became a Lutheran in 1524; two years later, he and other Lutheran
princes formed the League of Torgau to protect themselves against a coalition
of German states loyal to Roman Catholicism. In 1529 he sponsored the Colloquy
of Marburg, a conference that tried unsuccessfully to unite the Protestants of
Germany and Switzerland. Philip was one of the principal organizers of the
Schmalkaldic League (1531), which opposed efforts by Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V to eradicate Lutheranism. Defeated by Charles in 1547, he remained
the latter's prisoner until 1552. Philip's efforts were rewarded in 1555, when
Lutherans were granted equality with Roman Catholics in Germany. 1505 - 1549 Christine Of Saxony 43 43 1487 - 1559 Wilhelm I 'the Rich' 72 72 1506 - 1580 Juliane Of Stolberg 74 74 1513 - 1582 Louis II 'le Bon' 69 69 ~1520 - 1561 Jacqueline De Longvey 41 41 1492 - 1557 Johann II 65 65 1492 - 1535 Beatrix Of Baden 43 43 1481 - 1527 Kasimir 45 45 1502 - 1543 Susanne Of Bavaria 41 41 1469 - 1509 Wilhelm II 'der Mittlere' 40 40 1485 - 1525 Anna Of Mecklenburg 39 39 1471 - 1539 Georg 'the Bearded' 67 67 1478 - 1534 Barbara Of Poland 55 55 1455 - 1516 Johann V 60 60 1466 - 1523 Elisabeth Of Hesse Marburg 56 56 1467 - 1538 Botho 71 71 1482 - 1538 Anna Von Eppenstein 56 56 1459 - 1509 Johann I 49 49 1464 - 1521 Susanne Of Nassau- Saarbrucken 57 57 1453 - 1527 Christof I 73 73 1453 - 1517 Ottilie Of Katzenelnbogen 64 64 1460 - 1536 Friedrich V 75 75 1464 - 1512 Zofia Of Poland 48 48 1447 - 1508 Albrecht III (Iv) 60 60 1465 - 1520 Kunegunde Of Austria 55 55 1438 - 1471 Ludwig II 'der Freimutige' 33 33 1444 - 1495 Matilde Of Wurttemberg 51 51 1441 - 1503 Magnus II 62 62 ~1458 - 1504 Sofie Of Pomerania 46 46 1443 - 1500 Albrecht 'the Courageous' 57 57 1449 - 1510 Zdenka Of Bohemia 60 60 1427 - 1492 Casimir IV 'the Jagellonian' 64 64 Casimir IV (1427-92), king of Poland (1447-92) and grand duke of Lithuania,
third ruler of the Jagiellon dynasty. A younger son of King Wladyslaw II,
Casimir succeeded his brother Wladyslaw III. Unpopular in Poland, where he was
thought to be too favorable to Lithuanians, he courted the support of the
lower nobility by giving them the right to refuse taxation. He fought a long
war against the Teutonic Knights, winning a great victory over them at
Zarnowiec (Puck) in 1462. Four years later, by the second treaty of Torun
(Thorn), he regained from the knights the extensive territory on the Baltic
coast that became known as West Prussia; the order also acknowledged him as
its overlord in East Prussia. From 1485 to 1489 Casimir aided his vassal,
Prince Stephen of Moldavia, in his struggle against the Ottoman Turks.
Casimir's son Wladyslaw was elected king of Bohemia in 1471 and of Hungary in
1490. 1437 - 1505 Elisabeth Of Austria 68 68 1410 - 1475 Johann IV 64 64 1424 - 1502 Marie Of Looz Heinsberg 78 78 1441 - 1483 Heinrich III 'der Reiche' 41 41 Line 728 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Heinrich III "Der Reiche",  Landgrave of /Hesse Marburg/ Line 738 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   BURI PLAC St. Elisabethkirche,  Marburg,  Hessen-Nassau,  Prussia 1443 - 1494 Anna Of Katzenelnbogen 50 50 1436 - 1511 Heinrich 'the Elder' 75 75 ~1436 Margarethe Of Mansfeld ~1440 - 1481 Philipp Von Eppenstein 41 41 ~1454 - 1524 Louise De La Marck Rochefort 70 70 1417 - 1480 Friedrich I 63 63 ~1436 - 1486 Margaretha Of Guelders 50 50 1423 - 1472 Johann II 49 49 1443 - 1469 Johanne Of Looz 26 26 ~1424 Karl I 1420 - 1493 Katharine Of Austria 73 73 1402 - 1479 Philipp Of Katzenelnbogen 77 77 1408 - 1471 Anna Of Wurttemberg 63 63 1414 - 1486 Albert III 'achilles' 71 71 Albert III (1414-1486), elector of Brandenburg (1470-86), born in Tangermünde,
Germany. He was nicknamed Achilles and Ulysses, because his unusual physical
strength and extraordinarily shrewd mind gave him in contemporary eyes a
resemblance to these Greek heroes. In 1440, on the death of his father,
Frederick I, the territorial possessions of the Hohenzollerns were divided
among Frederick's three sons. Albert received the principality of Ansbach, and
John, the principality of Bayreuth; Frederick became Elector Frederick II of
Brandenburg. His brothers' lands eventually came into Albert's possession; he
inherited Bayreuth from John and received Brandenburg through the abdication
of Frederick II in 1470. Albert strengthened the Hohenzollern hold on
Brandenburg by warring against independent towns and princes and by providing
against dispersal of the family lands after his death. His Dispositio Achillea
(The Political Testament of Achilles), made public in 1473, provided that at
his death Brandenburg should go intact to his oldest son, and the Hohenzollern
lands in Franconia go intact to his two younger sons, and that in all
succeeding generations both parts of the family holdings should descend only
to oldest sons. 1437 - 1512 Anna Of Saxony 75 75 1401 - 1460 Albrecht II (III) 58 58 ~1414 - 1474 Anna Of Brunswick Grubenhagen 60 60 1415 - 1493 Fredrick III 77 77 Frederick III, b. Sept. 9, 1415, d. Aug. 19, 1493, German king from 1440, was
the first Habsburg to be crowned Holy Roman emperor by the pope and the last
emperor to be crowned in Rome (1452). Aware of the limitations of his
authority within Germany and always short of funds, he concentrated his
energies on family matters. Early in his reign he lost control of both Bohemia
and Hungary, which his cousin and predecessor, Albert II, had acquired.
By the Concordat of Vienna (1448) Frederick regulated control of church
offices and helped force dissolution of the Council of Basel, which was
asserting conciliar supremacy over the popes. He hired as a
secretary Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (later Pope Pius II), who first brought
Renaissance influences to Germany. Frederick's greatest dynastic achievement
was to arrange the marriage (1477) of Mary of Burgundy to his son Maximilian
(later Emperor Maximilian I), thus setting the stage for the Habsburg
domination of Europe in the 16th century. 1436 - 1467 Leonor Of Portugal 31 31 1402 - 1458 Ludwig I 'der Friedsame' 55 55 1420 - 1462 Anna Of Saxony 42 42 1412 - 1450 Ludwig I 38 38 1419 - 1482 Mathilde 63 63 1417 - 1477 Heinrich II 'the Fat' 60 60 1420 - 1491 Dorothea Of Mecklenburg 70 70 ~1425 - 1474 Erich II 49 49 ~1435 - 1497 Sofie Of Pomerania 62 62 1412 - 1464 Friedrich II 'the Gentile' 52 52 1416 - 1486 Margarethe Of Austria 69 69 1420 - 1471 Jiri I 50 50 1425 - 1449 Kunhuta Ze Sternberka 24 24 ~1351 - 1434 Wladyslaw II Jagiello 83 83 Wladyslaw II, original name Jagiello (1350-1434), grand duke of Lithuania
(1377-1401) and king of Poland (1386-1434), who founded the Jagiellon dynasty
and made Poland a great power in eastern Europe. The son of Olgierd, grand
duke of Lithuania, Jagiello succeeded his father in 1377. Lithuania was then a
pagan country, but in 1386, when Jagiello married Jadwiga, queen of Poland,
and ascended the Polish throne, he accepted the Roman Catholic faith of the
Poles, taking the name Wladyslaw II. The following year Christianity was
officially introduced in Lithuania, and Wladyslaw himself destroyed the idols
he had worshiped.
In 1392 Wladyslaw made his cousin and rival Witold vice-regent of Lithuania,
and in 1401 he recognized him as duke, forming a firm alliance with him. With
Witold's help, he fought the Teutonic Knights for many years, inflicting on
them a major defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg in northeastern Poland in
1410. The wars lasted intermittently until 1432, irreversibly weakening the
order's military and financial power. ~1405 - 1461 Sofiya Of Holszany 56 56 1397 - 1439 Albert II 42 42 Albert II, b. Aug. 10, 1397, d. Oct. 27, 1439, king of Germany (1438-39),
succeeded his father-in-law, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, as king of Hungary
and Bohemia as well as Germany. His brief reign was devoted to suppressing a
revolt in Bohemia and fighting the Turks in Hungary, where he died from
dysentery. 1409 - 1442 Eliska Of Bohemia 33 33 ~1370 - 1442 Engelbert I 72 72 1392 - 1445 Johanna Van Polanen 53 53 ~1364 - 1438 Johann II 74 74 ~1366 Anna Of Solms ~1380 - 1455 Botho Of Stolberg 75 75 1416 - 1481 Unna Of Schwarzburg 65 65 ~1376 Volrath Of Mansfeld ~1412 Anna Of Gleichen ~1413 - 1475 Eberhard III Von Eppenstein 62 62 ~1420 - 1465 Anna Of Wiesbaden 45 45 ~1420 - 1498 Louis I 78 78 Line 1375 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Louis I Count de La /Marck/ Line 1376 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   TITL [COUNT DE Rochefort]/ ~1432 Nicole D'aspremont 1385 - 1459 Stefan 73 73 ~1390 - 1439 Anna Of Veldenz 49 49 1409 - 1473 Arnold Of Guelders 64 64 1417 - 1479 Katherine Of Kleve 61 61 1368 - 1429 Philipp I 61 61 ~1397 - 1455 Isabelle Of Lorraine 58 58 Line 1476 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   BIRT PLAC of,  Nancy,  Meurthe-Et-Moselle,  FRA ~1416 - 1448 Johann IV 32 32 1423 - 1472 Johanna Van Diest 49 49 1377 - 1427 Ernst I 'ironside' 50 50 ~1391 - 1429 Cymbarka Of Czersk 38 38 ~1363 - 1444 Johann IV 81 81 ~1368 - 1439 Anna Of Katzenelnbogen 71 71 1388 - 1419 Eberhard V 30 30 1387 - 1446 Henriette Of Montbeliard 59 59 1372 - 1440 Friedrich I 68 68 1383 - 1442 Elisabeth Of Bavaria 59 59 1373 - 1438 Ernst Of Bavaria 65 65 ~1374 - 1432 Elisabetta Visconti 58 58 ~1380 - 1427 Erich Of Brunswick Grubenhagen 47 47 ~1389 - 1444 Elisabeth Of Brunswick Gottingen 55 55 1391 - 1438 Duarte I 46 46 1402 - 1445 Leonora Of Aragon 43 43 ~1344 - 1413 Hermann II 'der Gelerte' 69 69 ~1359 - 1406 Margarethe Of Nurnberg 47 47 1370 - 1428 Friedrich I (Iv) 'the Warlike' 57 57 ~1389 - 1442 Katharine Of Brunswick Luneburg 53 53 1378 - 1436 Ludwig III 58 58 ~1390 - 1438 Matilde Of Savoy 48 48 ~1365 - 1422 Johann I 57 57 ~1380 - >1448 Katharine Of Saxony Lauenburg 68 68 ~1400 - 1457 Wartislaw Ix 57 57 ~1400 - 1462 Sofie Of Saxony Lauenburg 62 62 ~1407 - 1446 Bogislaw Ix 39 39 ~1409 - 1449 Maria Of Czersk 40 40 1296 - 1377 Olgiera Of Lithuania 81 81 ~1331 - 1392 Yuliyana Aleksandrovna 61 61 ~1374 Andrej Of Gol'shany ~1380 Aleksandra Dymitrovna 1377 - 1404 Albrecht IV 'the Patient' 26 26 ~1377 - 1410 Johanne Sofie 33 33 1368 - 1437 Sigismund 69 69 Sigismund, b. Feb. 15, 1368, d. Dec. 9, 1437, was the last of the Luxemburg
dynasty of Holy Roman emperors.  He inherited (1378) Brandenburg from his
father, Emperor Charles IV, and became king of Hungary (1387) through marriage
to the Hungarian princess Mary.  When the Turks threatened Hungary, Sigismund
called for a crusade but was defeated resoundingly at Nicopolis (1396).  Four
years later he cooperated with German electors in the deposition of his half
brother, Emperor Wenceslas, and in 1410-11 procured his own election as German
king.

In his most significant success and greatest contribution to European
Christendom, Sigismund facilitated the organization of the Council of
Constance (1414-18) and the resignation of "Antipope" John XXIII, thus ending
the Great Schism of 1378-1415.  His refusal at the council to protect the
condemned heretic John Huss caused Sigismund much grief after he became
Bohemian king (1419) and was drawn into the devastating Hussite Wars.  A new
crusade (1426-27) against the Turks also ended in defeat.  Finally crowned as
Holy Roman emperor in 1433, Sigismund proposed (1434-37) badly needed reforms
but could not persuade the German princes to adopt them.

In bestowing the electorate of Brandenburg on the Hohenzollern princes and
that of Saxony on the Wettin family, Sigismund elevated two dynasties that
flourished in Germany until 1918. Before his death he arranged for the
succession of his titles to his son-in-law, Albert II, thus passing the crown
of the Holy Roman Empire to the Habsburgs. 1392 - 1451 Barbara Of Cilly 59 59 ~1330 - 1395 Gottfried II 65 65 ~1335 - 1390 Philippa Of Julich 55 55 ~1323 Heinrich 'the Younger' ~1340 Elisabeth Of Mansfeld 1388 - 1444 Heinrich Xxiv 56 56 Count of Schwarzburg Blankenburg. ~1388 - 1439 Katharine Of Brunswick Luneburg 51 51 ~1380 - 1442/43 Eberhard II Von Eppenstein Konigstein ~1384 - 1442 Anna Von Cronberg 58 58 1386 - 1426 Adolf II 40 40 1404 - 1442 Margarethe Of Baden 38 38 1352 - 1410 Ruprecht III 'clem' 58 58 1358 - 1411 Elisabeth Of Nurnberg 53 53 ~1372 Friedrich III ~1372 - 1427 Margarethe Of Nassau 55 55 ~1385 - 1451 Jan II Heer Van Egmond 66 66 ~1389 - 1415 Maria Van Arkel 26 26 1309 - 1371 Johann I 62 62 ~1330 - 1381 Johanne Of Saarbrucken 51 51 ~1371 - 1415 Ferry V 44 44 ~1373 - ~1418 Marguerite De Joinville 45 45 1351 - 1386 Leopold III 34 34 ~1352 - 1414 Verde Visconti 62 62 ~1350 - 1426 Ziemowit IV 76 76 ~1365 - 1434 Aleksandra Of Lithuania 69 69 ~1342 - 1402 Diether Viii 60 60 ~1343 - 1389 Elisabeth Of Nassau Wiesbaden 46 46 ~1322 - 1402 Eberhard V 80 80 ~1324 - 1399 Agnes Dietz 75 75 1364 - 1417 Eberhard IV 53 53 1360 - 1402 Antonia Di Milano Visconti 42 42 ~1361 Henri Of Montbeliard ~1363 Marie De Castillon ~1332 - 1398 Friedrich V 66 66 1329 - 1375 Elisabeth Of Thuringia 45 45 ~1339 - 1393 Friedrich Of Bavaria- Landshut 54 54 ~1366 - 1404 Maddalena Visconti 38 38 ~1341 - 1397 Johann II 56 56 ~1350 - 1391 Katharine Of Gorz 41 41 ~1317 Barnabo Di' Visconti ~1321 - 1384 Beatrice Della Scala 63 63 ~1339 - 1383 Albrecht II 44 44 ~1356 - 1410 Agnes I Of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel 54 54 ~1340 - 1394 Otto 'der Quade' 54 54 ~1364 - 1442 Margarethe Of Berg 78 78 ~1303 - 1345 Ludwig 'der Junker' 42 42 ~1310 Elisabeth Of Spanheim 1332 - 1381 Friedrich III 'der Strenge' 48 48 ~1332 - 1397 Katharine Of Henneberg Schleusingen 65 65 ~1364 - 1416 Heinrich II 52 52 ~1370 - 1406 Sofie Of Pomerania 36 36 ~1345 - 1384 Magnus I 39 39 ~1347 - 1377 Elisabeth Of Pomerania 30 30 1354 - 1411 Erich IV 57 57 ~1358 - 1416 Sofie Of Brunswick 58 58 ~1365 - 1405 Barnim Vi 40 40 ~1375 Veronika Of Nurnberg ~1363 - 1418 Bogislaw Viii 55 55 ~1373 - >1451 Sofie Of Schleswig- Holstein 78 78 ~1260 - 1341/42 Gediminas ~1270 Olga Vsevolodna 1316 - 1378 Charles IV 62 62 Charles IV, b.  May 14, 1316, d.  Nov.  29, 1378, king of the Germans
(1346-78) and Holy Roman emperor (1355-78), was also the king of Bohemia from
1346.  Charles contributed immensely to the evolution of Czech culture.  Born
in Prague on May 14, 1316, and educated in Paris, he rejected the ebullient
chivalry of his father, John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia (1310-46), and
ruled with practical realism and sound political sense.  He became German king
through the deposition of Louis IV.  In 1355 he visited Rome for his
coronation as emperor, but he had no desire to recover already lost Italian
jurisdictions.  Charles always preferred diplomacy to war.  He checked the
efforts of Louis's family, the Wittelsbachs, to regain power and placated the
powerful Habsburgs by the Treaty of Brunn (1364).  After a century of
fragmentation, Germany needed a new legal framework to achieve stabilization;
this Charles provided by the Golden Bull of 1356.  He also strove to maintain
good relations with the popes and to curtail their encroachments on German
rights. To his Luxemburg patrimony he added Brandenburg and Lusatia, and he
procured the election of his own son Wenceslas to succeed him--the first
imperial father-son succession since the Hohenstaufen period.  In his Bohemian
realm Charles stimulated cultural growth.  He founded (1348) in Prague the
first university east of the Rhine;  built a magnificent castle, cathedral,
and bridge;  encouraged artists of all kinds;  and promoted the writing of
historical chronicles.  Without ethnic biases, he encouraged Czech national
sentiment.  He died in Prague on Nov.  29, 1378. 1345/47 - 1393 Elisabeth Of Pomerania ~1365 - 1435 Hermann II 70 70 ~1358 - 1396 Anna Of Schaunberg 38 38 ~1304 Johann I ~1306 - 1366 Catharina Van Voorne 60 60 ~1315 - 1361 Wilhelm V 46 46 ~1315 - 1374 Johanna Of Holland 59 59 ~1298 - <1341 Otto I 43 43 ~1307 N.n. Of Honstein ~1294 Gebhard III ~1286 Luitgard Of Valkenstein 1352 - 1416 Gunther Xxix 64 64 1354 - 1423 Anna Of Leuchtenberg 69 69 ~1357 - 1400 Friedrich 43 43 1372 - 1440 Anna Of Saxony Wittenberg 68 68 ~1331 - >1391 Eberhard I Von Eppenstein 60 60 ~1357 - >1391 Luitgard Von Falkenstein 34 34 ~1358 Walter Von Cronberg ~1362 Elisabeth Von Runkel 1354 - 1393 Walram II 39 39 ~1356 - 1418 Berta Of Westerburg 62 62 Bernhard I ~1382 - 1442 Anna Of Oettingen 60 60 1325 - 1398 Ruprecht II 72 72 1326 - 1365 Beatrice Of Sicily 39 39 1337 - 1409 Arend Heer Van Egmond 72 72 ~1350 - 1434 Jolanthe Of Leingen 84 84 1363 - 1428 Jan Heer Van Arkel 65 65 ~1363 Johanna Of Julich ~1286 - 1361 Gerlach I 75 75 ~1292 - 1332 Agnes Of Hesse 40 40 ~1304 Johann II ~1306 Gislette De Bar ~1345 Jean Of Lorraine 1343 - 1369 Sofie Of Wurttemberg 26 26 ~1347 Henri V De Joinville ~1351 Marie Of Luxembourg ~1316 - 1381 Ziemowit III 65 65 ~1319 - <1362 Eufemia Of Troppau 43 43 ~1303 - 1357 Johann II 54 54 ~1294 - 1347 Elisabeth Von Isenburg- Limburg 53 53 1307 - 1370 Adolf I 63 63 ~1316 - 1382 Margarethe Of Nurnberg 66 66 ~1263 - 1331 Wilhelm I 68 68 ~1285 - 1329 Adelheid Of Waldeck 44 44 ~1298 - 1343 Gerhard Vii 45 45 ~1301 - 1370 Jutte Of Nassau 69 69 1342 - 1388 Ulrich Of Wurttemberg 46 46 1329 - 1402 Elisabeth Of Bavaria 73 73 ~1310 - 1357 Johann II 47 47 ~1289 - 1377 Elisabeth Of Henneberg 88 88 1310 - 1349 Friedrich II 'der Ernsthafte' 39 39 ~1309 - 1346 Mathilde Of Bavaria 37 37 1313 - 1375 Stefan II 61 61 ~1309 - 1349 Elisabetta Of Sicily 40 40 ~1324 Meinhard Vii 1297 - 1361 Ernst Of Brunswick Grubenhagen 64 64 ~1315 - 1373 Adelheid Of Everstein 58 58 ~1328 - 1373 Magnus II 45 45 ~1332 - 1390 Katharine Of Anhalt Bernburg 58 58 ~1305 - 1367 Ernst Of Brunswick Gottingen 62 62 ~1324 - 1390 Elisabeth Of Hesse 66 66 ~1340 - 1408 Wilhelm II 68 68 1346 - 1415 Anna Of Palatine 69 69 ~1272 - 1328 Otto Of Hesse 56 56 ~1270 - 1339 Adelheid Of Ravensberg 69 69 ~1292 Simon II ~1294 Elisabeth Von Montjoye- Falkenberg ~1288 - 1347 Heinrich Xii (Viii) 59 59 ~1301 Judith Of Brandenburg ~1345 - 1394 Wartislaw Vi 49 49 ~1350 - >1397 Anna Of Mecklenburg Stargard 47 47 1318 - 1379 Albrecht I 61 61 1317 - 1416 Eufemia Of Sweden 99 99 1317 - 1365 Barnim IV 48 48 1320 - 1364 Sofie Of Werle Gustrow 43 43 ~1318 - 1368 Erich II 50 50 ~1330 - >1387 Agnes Of Holstein- Plon 57 57 ~1318 - 1373 Bogislaw V 55 55 ~1341 - 1406 Adelheid Of Brunswick Grubenhagen 65 65 ~1317 - 1390 Heinrich II 'der Eiserne' 73 73 ~1339 - >1395 Ingeburg Of Mecklenburg 56 56 1271 - 1318 Mikhail I Yaroslavich 47 47 ~1278 - 1368 Anna Dmitrievna 90 90 ~1311 - 1398 Ludwik I 87 87 ~1321 - 1362 Agnieszka Of Glogau Sagan 41 41 ~1327 - 1361 Elzbieta Of Poland 34 34 ~1270 - 1328 Gerhard V 58 58 ~1273 Elizabeth De Brabant ~1242 - <1344 Heinrich Of Stolberg 102 102 ~1265 Jutta Von Hadmersleben ~1281 - 1330 Dietrich III 49 49 ~1281 Elisabeth Of Waldeck ~1331 - 1368 Gunther Xxv 37 37 ~1332 - ~1381 Elisabeth Of Honstein 49 49 ~1330 - 1407 Johann I 77 77 ~1332 - 1380 Mecela Of Rozmberka 48 48 1337 - 1388 Wenzel Of Saxony 51 51 ~1356 Cecilia Of Carrara ~1308 - 1339 Gottfried V Von Eppenstein 31 31 1310 Luitgard Von Breuberg ~1331 Philipp Vi Von Falkenstein ~1335 Agnes Von Falkenstein 1332 - 1370 Johann I Von Westerburg 38 38 ~1334 - 1383 Kunigunde Of Sayn 49 49 ~1330 - 1396 Otto Heer Van Arkel 66 66 ~1335 - 1410 Elisabeth De Bar 75 75 ~1318 - 1393 Wilhelm II (Vi) 75 75 1338 - 1397 Marie Of Guelders 59 59 ~1265 - 1298 Heinrich 'der Jungere' 33 33 ABT 1276/77 - 1345 Agnes Of Bavaria ~1319 Raoul Of Lorraine ~1323 Marie De Chatillon 1315 - 1392 Eberhard III 77 77 ~1320 - 1389 Elisabeth Of Henneburg 69 69 1248 - 1308 Albert I 59 59 Albert I, b.  c.1250, king of the Germans (1298-1308), was the son of Rudolf
I, the first Habsburg to wear the German crown. In 1282 Rudolf granted Albert
the duchies of Austria and Styria.  When Rudolf died in 1291, however, the
German princes, fearful of the growing Habsburg power, denied Albert the crown
and instead elected Adolf of Nassau as king.  Discontent with Adolf soon
enabled Albert to win over the princes, who deposed Adolf in 1298 and elected
Albert king.  The new king defeated the old at Gollheim (July 1298), where
Adolf was slain.
As king, Albert attempted to add Holland and Zealand to the Habsburg domains.
This unsuccessful effort, coupled with his alliance with the French king
Philip IV, provoked a revolt in the Rhineland that was backed by Pope Boniface
VIII.  The revolt was finally crushed in 1302, and the following year Albert
secured papal confirmation of his election in return for an oath of obedience
to the pope.
Albert was assassinated on May 1, 1308, by accomplices of his nephew, John
"Parracide" of Swabia.  He was succeeded by Henry VII. 1263 - 1313 Elisabetah Of Carinthia 50 50 1287 - 1332 Friedrich IV 44 44 ~1290 - 1348 Margarethe Of Carinthia 58 58 ~1225 - 1276 Diether V 51 51 ~1238 - 1293 Margarethe Of Julich 55 55 ~1262 Otto I ~1264 - 1331 Sofie Of Hesse 67 67 ~1271 - 1334 Emich I 63 63 ~1280 - >1355 Anna Of Nurnberg 75 75 ~1271 - 1340 Berthold Vii 69 69 ~1268 - 1317 Adelheid Of Hesse 49 49 1257 - 1323 Friedrich I 'der Freidige' 66 66 ~1286 - 1359 Elisabeth Of Lobdaburg Arnshaugk 73 73 ~1293 - 1322 Beatrycza (Beatrix) Of Glogau 29 29 1271 - 1336 Federico II 65 65 1289 - 1341 Eleanora Of Naples 52 52 1267 - 1322 Heinrich I 55 55 <1264 - 1336 Agnes Of Thuringia 72 72 <1305 - >1350 Hermann Of Everstein 45 45 ~1298 - 1324 Adelheid Zur Lippe 26 26 ~1304 - 1369 Magnus I 65 65 ~1303 - 1356 Sofie Of Brandenburg 53 53 ~1291 - 1348 Bernhard III 57 57 ~1309 - 1338 Agnes Of Saxony Wittenberg 29 29 ~1268 - 1318 Albert II 'der Grosse' 50 50 ~1268 - 1312/17 Richsa Of Werle Gustrow ~1299 - 1376 Henry II 'der Eiserne' 77 77 1306 - 1367 Elisabeth Of Thuringia 61 61 ~1312 - 1360 Gerhard Vi 48 48 ~1314 - 1384 Margarethe Of Ravensberg 70 70 1244 - 1308 Henry I 'das Kind' 64 64 ~1244 - 1274 Adelheid Of Brunswick Luneburg 30 30 ~1238 Otto III Of Ravensberg ~1238 - 1315 Hedwig Zur Lippe 77 77 ~1271 - 1308 Hermann Of Brandenburg 37 37 ~1278 - 1327 Anna Of Austria 49 49 1267 Heinrich II 'der Low' 1282 - 1327 Anna Of Saxony Wittenberg 45 45 ~1282 - 1318 Erik Of Sweden 36 36 ~1293 Ingeborg Of Norway 1291 - 1326 Wartislaw IV 35 35 ~1296 - 1350/56 Elzbieta Of Breslau Liegnitz 1260 - 1337 Johann II 77 77 1295/98 - 1344 Mechtild Of Brunswick Grubenhagen ~1282 - 1359/61 Erich I ~1294 - 1349 Elisabeth Of Pomerania 55 55 ~1297 - 1359 Johann III 'the Milde' 62 62 ~1300 Miroslawa Schwerin Branden ~1293 Gerhard III 'der Grosse' 1295 - 1339 Sofie Of Werle Parchim 44 44 1253 - 1293/94 Dmitrij Borisovi ~1256 N.n. Of Rostov Line 6608 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Mrs-Dmitrij Borisovich Duchess of /Rostov/ Line 9596 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Mrs-Dmitrij Borisovich Duchess of /Rostov/ 1291 - 1352 Boleslaw III 60 60 1296 - 1322 Marketa Of Bohemia 26 26 ~1292 - 1342 Henryk II (Iv) 50 50 1296 - 1321 Mathilde Of Brandenburg 25 25 ~1224 - 1290 Otto I 66 66 ~1244 - 1299 Agnes Of Leingen 55 55 ~1244 - 1309 Dietrich II 65 65 ABT 1259/70 - 1330 Sofie Of Anhalt Bernburg ~1298 - 1336 Heinrich X 38 38 ~1300 - 1362 Elisabeth Of Orlamunde 62 62 ~1286 - 1356 Heinrich V 70 70 ~1302 - >1356 Matilde Of Brunswick Luneburg 54 54 ~1285 - 1334 Ulrich I 49 49 ~1314 - >1340 Anna Of Nurnberg 26 26 ~1291 - 1347 Petr Pan Z Rozmberka 56 56 ~1297 - 1355 Katerina Z Vartemberka 58 58 1274 - 1356 Rudolf I 82 82 ~1308 - 1343 Agnes Of Lindau- Ruppin 35 35 ~1291 Jutte Von Eppenstein ~1284 Eberhard III Von Breuberg ~1288 Mathilde Of Waldeck ~1306 - 1355 Johan Heer Van Arkel 49 49 ~1300 - 1362 Irmgard Of Kleve 62 62 ~1314 Thibauld De Bar 1322 - 1353 Marie De Namur 31 31 ~1312 Reinald II 1298 - 1344 Ulrich III 45 45 ~1298 - 1334 Sofie Of Pfirt 36 36 ~1600 - 1694 Samuel Bass 94 94 Dea. Samuel1 Bass and wife and at least two children came to Massachusetts about 1631 or 32.

Samuel Basse was married to Anne Savell 25th April 1625 at St. Mary's Church, Saffron Walden, Co. Essex. His baptism is not on record there but that of Ann Savell is there in the parish register as were also two other children. Ann, daughter of William Savell was baptized 25th April 1601 at Saffron Walden. William Savell also had Elizabeth bapt. 10 Dec.1598 and Susan bapt. 4 June 1609. He also had a son William bapt. 24 Feb.1604/5 since the will of William of Braintree Mass. calls Deacon Samuel Bass his brother. (See Register Vol. 107-198).

Samuel Bass & wife were members of the church at Roxbury at an early date, probably by 1632 though no date is given. He is said to have settled near Hog Bridge there. He was made freeman of the colony May 14,1634.

He received no grant of land in Braintree and must have purchased of someone else. He came here previous to July 6,1640 at which time he was elected the first deacon of the church, having been dismissed and recommended to them from Roxbury (Hancock's Century Sermons, 1739 p.28). His homestead was at the N.W. corner of Granite and Hancock Sts., Quincy and parts of the land on Granite St. remained in the male line of descent until 1951 when Alva Morrison Bass died there single, a space of over 310 years. No records show how this land was acquired.

The Braintree records give the following account of his death: -
"Deacon Samuel Bass, aged 94 departed this life upon the 30th day of December, 1694, who had been a Deacon of the Church of Braintree for the space of above 50 years and the first Deacon of that church, and was the father and grandfather and great grandfather of a hundred and sixty and two children before he died, the youngest whereof was Benjamin Bas, son of Joseph Bas and Mary his wife born seven days before his death".

Mrs. Ann Bas, the wife of Deacon Samuel Bas, died the 5th of September 1693, aged 93. So says the town record but the ancient rough gravestone in Hancock Cemetery says Mrs. Ann Bass died 1692 aged 92.

He held numerous town offices, was selectman as early as 1642 and as late as 1673, many years not being recorded in the earliest records, and was Representative twelve years. He is recorded as selectman 1642,1645,8,51,52,53,1670,72, but the records are incomplete in early years.

Samuel Bass and son Thomas Bass both lived in Bogastow or Natick (now Sherborn) for some time in the 1660's as both signed the petition of the inhabitants there to be set up as a separate town May 7,1662 (Mass. Archives 112-136).

In 1672 he sold 140 acres there to John Hull, called himself of "Brantery, yeoman, and wife Ann did not sign the deed", she being aged and blind", says the deed. (S.D. 10-15).

S.P. 13-539: Will of Samuel Bass of Braintry, dated May 11,1694:
To son John 10 a. salt marsh & a woodlot in Captain's Plain already set out to him & my malt house & orchard before it, 1/2 a well, 1/2 kitchen & some lands in Stoney Field he hath in his possession, 1/4 of my upland in the Farme after paying legacies to my two daus. Mary Capen & Sarah Penniman & if there is any marsh after the 10 a. apiece given to my 3 sons, to be son John. To son Thomas 10 a. salt & a woodlot in Captain's Plain already laid out to him, 1/4 of upland at the Farm. To son Joseph 10 a. salt valued at ¹100, & the house he liveth in & orchard on the back side of it & fresh meadow at E. of it & a bed etc. he lieth upon at ¹100 and my barne & 2 a. on which it sets reserving liberty for yard room & passage for son John to his barn, and 2 a. at head of the home lot, & 1 a. joining the 2 a. which was John Dassets, being part of a 5 a. lot, & 1/2 my kitchen & 1/2 well & 7 a. in Stoney Field where my cows use to pasture valued at ¹100, and a woodlot already set out to him at Captain's Plain & stock, and moveables etc. at ¹100 & 1/4 upland at the Farme, & he is not to sell it away without the approbation of his two brothers & if he have children he may give it to them or if he have need to spend it, he may, for his own comfort & supply and if he marry a wife he may give her ¹100 of it and the rest to any of his blood relations.
4thly. To Samuel Bass, carpenter, 7 a. pasture in Stony Field & salt he already has in possession & 1/4 part of upland in the Farm, also 1/2 the woodlot in Captain's Plain given my son Joseph & ¹60 out of Joseph's estate if he have no children nor spend it. To Joseph Bass Jr. ¹50 out of son Joseph's estate except he have children & spend it, & ¹40 to my grandson Samuel Bass, cooper, out of Joseph's estate etc, all this after son Joseph's decease. To dau. Mary Capen ¹40 & to dau. Sarah Penniman ¹20 out of my upland at the farm & 5 cows. To John Bass Jr. my malt house if he out live his father & 2 a. planting land in Stoney Field & 4 a. pasture about 1/4 a. at his door where barn stands. To my grand daus., excepting Sarah Biling all moveables goods & Hannah Walsbey is to share with them. All remainder of my estate to sons John & Thomas who are to be executors. Witness: Robert Field, William Thayer, Samuel Tompson.

S.P. 18-4 New Series - Witnesses swear to the will Jan.31,1694/5.

S.P. 13-541, Inventory of Samuel Bass who deceased 30 Dec.1694 apprized Jan.3,1694/5:
House & orchard behind it, fresh meadow at the end of it, with kitchen & well ¹96.
Malt house & orchard before it etc. ¹70.
Barn & 2 a. & 2 a. at head of lot & 1 a. bought of John Dosset & 7 a. in Stoney Field.
60 a. in Captain's Plain ¹90.
6 a. in Stoney Field ¹18
20 a. at ye Farm at ye 4 score acres
21 a. at ye Farm at Great Island
18 a. at ye Farm at the ox pasture
11 a. in 3 parcels at the farm
4 cows, 8 a. swamp Total ¹942/1/6
Taken by Samuel Tompson, Samuel Penniman, James Brackett Jan.31,1694(5). ~1601 - 1693 Anne Savell 92 92 ~1219 - 1297 Friedrich III 78 78 1667 - 1705 Hannah Bass 38 38 ~1253 - 1309 Helen Of Saxony 56 56 ~1264 - 1292 Albert Of Gorz 28 28 ~1264 - 1293 Agnes Of Hohenberg 29 29 ~1238 - 1267 Heinrich III 29 29 ~1240 Mathilde Of Arnsberg ~1248 - 1284 Berthold V 36 36 ~1246 - 1279 Sofie Of Schwarzburg 33 33 1240 - 1315 Albrecht 'der Entartete' 75 75 1654 - 1736 Joseph Adams 81 81 1241 - 1270 Margarethe Of Austria 28 28 ~1253 - 1309 Henryk I (III) 56 56 ~1276 - 1319 Mathilde Of Brunswick Grubenhagen 43 43 1236 - 1279 Albert I 'der Grosse' 43 43 ~1237 - 1285 Alessina Of Montferrat 48 48 ~1260 - 1318 Heinrich I 58 58 1690 - 1761 John Adams 71 71 Living Hamilton ~1264 - 1318/24 Bernhard II ~1272 - 1315 Helene Of Rugen 43 43 ~1234 - 1291 Henry I 57 57 ~1234 - 1263 Richiza Birgersdotter 29 29 ~1287 - 1328/29 Otto IV ~1289 - >1329 Margarethe Von Windeck 40 40 ~1310 - 1336 Alfonso IV 26 26 ~1310 - 1336 Leonor Of Castile 26 26 1204 - 1252 Otto I 'das Kind' 48 48 ~1209 - 1261 Mathilde Of Brandenburg 52 52 1708 - 1797 Susanna Boylston 89 89 ~1246 - 1299 Otto V 'der Lange' 53 53 ~1247 - 1327 Jutte Of Henneberg 80 80 ~1230 - 1302 Heinrich I 72 72 ~1245 - 1317 Anastasie Of Pomerania 72 72 1243 - 1298 Albert II 55 55 ~1247 - 1322 Agnes Gertrude Princess Austria 75 75 Line 8703 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Agnes Gertrude Princess of /Austria/ Line 5481 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Agnes Gertrude Princess of /Austria/ 1735 - 1826 John Adams 90 90 2nd President of the United States Graduated Harvard 1755 1240 - 1290 Magnus I 50 50 Magnus I (of Sweden), called Barnlock (1240-90), king of Sweden (1275-90). Son
of the powerful Earl Birger of the Folkung family, Magnus usurped the throne
from his older brother, Waldemar. He was an outstanding ruler, who enhanced
the unity of his realm, strengthened the monarchy, and, collaborating with the
church, provided internal security and peace by humane legislation. By giving
lands to his younger sons, however, Magnus sowed the seeds of a long dynastic
struggle. ~1257 - ~1325 Hedwig Of Holstein 68 68 ~1276 H†kon V ~1276 - 1312 Eufemie Of Rugen 36 36 ~1255 - 1309 Bogislaw IV 54 54 ~1265 - 1320 Margarethe Of Rugen 55 55 ~1253 - 1301 Boleslaw (Bolko) I 48 48 ABT 1270/77 - 1316 Beatrix Of Brandenburg ~1236 - 1283 Johann I 47 47 ~1238 Sofie Of Lindau- Ruppin 1744 - 1818 Abigail Smith 73 73 D. 1285 Johann I ~1253 - 1302 Ingeborg Of Sweden 49 49 1254 - 1312 Gerhard II 58 58 ~1257 - 1304 Agnes Of Brandenburg 47 47 ~1267 Nikolaus I ~1267 - 1328 Miroslawa Of Pomerania 61 61 1258 - 1304 Heinrich I 46 46 1258 - 1310 Heilwig Van Bronckhorst 52 52 1767 - 1848 John Quincy Adams 80 80 6th President of the United States Graduated Harvard 1787 1191 - 1246 Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich 55 55 ~1194 - 1244 Fedosiya Igorevna 50 50 1775 - 1852 Louisa Catherine Johnson 77 77 ~1248 - 1296 Henryk V 'the Stout' 48 48 1263 - 1304 Elzbieta Of Kalisch 41 41 1801 - 1829 George Washington Adams 28 28 1803 - 1834 John Adams 31 31 1807 - 1886 Charles Francis Adams 79 79 ~1226 - 1284 Heinrich II 58 58 ~1227 - 1287 Mathilde Of Regenstein 60 60 ~1218 - 1286/87 Bernhard I ~1240 - >1284 Sophie Of Denmark 44 44 1765 - 1813 Abigail Adams 48 48 ~1244 - 1305 Heinrich III 61 61 ~1249 Jutte Of Ravensberg ~1256 - 1293 Gebhard Vi 37 37 ~1260 - 1309 Jutte Von Schlusselberg 49 49 1770 - 1800 Charles Adams 30 30 ~1282 Gunther II ~1284 Luitgard Of Mecklenburg 1772 - 1832 Thomas Boylston Adams 60 60 Chief Justice of Massachusetts 1737/38 - 1823 Peter Boylston Adams of Braintree 1740/41 - 1776 Elihu Adams of Randolph, Mass. 1267 - 1330 Jean I De Dampierre 63 63 ~1292 Marie D'artois 1634 - 1692 Abigail Baxter 57 57 1625 - 1694 Joseph Adams 69 69 1685 - 1772 Ann White 86 86 ~1186 - 1260/61 Konrad I (III) ~1196 N.n. Of Nurnberg ~1180 - 1261 Albert I 81 81 ~1231 - 1273 Helene Of Brunswick Luneburg 42 42 ~1673 - 1743 Peter Boylston 70 70 ~1215 - 1288 Heinrich 'der Erlauchte' 73 73 D. 1775 Elizabeth Quincy 1212 - 1243 Konstantie Of Steiermark 31 31 ~1226 - 1273 Konrad I 47 47 ~1221 - 1265 Salomea Of Kalisch 44 44 ~1202 - 1253/55 Bonifacio III ~1215 Margherita Of Savoy 1706 - 1783 William Smith 77 77 Graduated Harvard 1725 ~1213 - 1266 Johann I 53 53 ~1228 - 1267 Jutte Of Saxony 39 39 ~1240 - 1302 Wizlaw II 62 62 ~1246 - >1302 Agnes Of Brunswick Luneburg 56 56 Sarah Allen ~1264 - 1327 James II 'the Just' 63 63 James II (called James the Just), b. 1264, d. Nov. 2, 1327, was king of Aragon
(1291-1327) and king of Sicily (1285-95). His father, Peter III, seized Sicily
from Charles I of Naples in 1282 during the revolt known as the Sicilian
Vespers. After Peter's death (1285), James's older brother, Alfonso III,
became king of Aragon, and James became king of Sicily. On Alfonso's death
(1291), James became king of Aragon. He continued to rule Sicily until 1295,
when he signed an agreement with Pope Boniface VIII and Charles II of Naples
exchanging Sicily for Corsica and Sardinia, ending French claims in Aragon,
and arranging a marriage with Charles's daughter Bianca. ~1285 - 1310 Bianca Of Anjou 25 25 1184 - 1213 Wilhelm Of Saxony 29 29 ~1186 - 1233 Helene Of Denmark 47 47 ~1174 - 1220 Albert II 46 46 ~1184 - 1255 Mathilde Of Lower Lusatia 71 71 Experience Holms ~1213 - 1267 Otto III 54 54 ~1228 - 1286 Bozena Of Bohemia 58 58 ~1224 - 1290 Hermann I 66 66 ~1230 - 1277 Margaretha Of Holland 47 47 ~1202 - 1264 Johann I 62 62 Hannah Parke ~1211 - 1267 Luitgard Of Henneberg 56 56 ~1210 Barnim I ~1225 - 1246 Marie Anna Of Saxony 21 21 1232 - 1290 Gerhard I 58 58 ~1231 - 1280 Elisabeth Of Mecklenburg 49 49 ~1230 - 1261 Margarethe Of Brunswick 31 31 ~1225 - 1278 Boleslaw II 'the Bald' 53 53 ~1228 - 1259 Hedwig Of Anhalt 31 31 ~1227 Erik Xi 1154 - 1212 Vsevolod III 58 58 ~1156 - 1206 Mariya Marfa Of Ossetian 50 50 ~1153 - 1194 Igor Glebovich 41 41 ~1154 - 1237 Agrafina Rostislavna 83 83 ~1222 - 1279 Boleslaw 'the Pious' 57 57 ~1238 - 1298 Ilona (Jolan) Of Hungary 60 60 ~1170 - 1251/52 Heinrich I Of Anhalt ~1186 - ~1244 Irmgard Of Thuringia 58 58 1218 - 1252 Abel Of Denmark 34 34 1225 - 1288 Mathilde Of Holstein 63 63 ~1379 Adolf Of Kleve ~1388 - 1463 Marie Of Burgundy 75 75 1380 - 1416 Fernando I 35 35 1374 - 1435 Leonor Urraca 61 61 1301 - 1339 Aleksandr I Mikhailovich 38 38 ~1295 - 1365 Anastasiya Yurevna 70 70 1358 - 1390 John I 32 32 John I (of Castile and León), in Spanish, Juan I (1358-1390), king of Castile
and León from 1379 to 1390. He was the son of King Henry II, who founded the
house of Trastamara. John attacked Portugal to defeat the alliance created by
King Ferdinand I of Portugal and John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, who had a
claim to the throne of Castile through his wife. Ferdinand submitted in 1382
and made peace, giving his daughter to John I in marriage. On Ferdinand's
death in 1383, John I again made war on Portugal, but was defeated at
Aljubarrota in 1385 by King John I of Portugal. From 1386 to 1387 John I
repulsed John of Gaunt's invasion of Spain and settled their differences by a
treaty and by arranging the marriage of one of John of Gaunt's daughters to
his son Henry, later King Henry III of Castile and León. 1358 - 1382 Leonor Of Aragon 24 24 1342 - 1374 Sancho Alfonso 32 32 ~1347 - 1381 Brites Of Portugal 34 34 ~1264 Eufemia Of Rujavia 1333 - 1379 Henry II 'the Merciful' 45 45 Henry II (of Castile and León) (1333?-79), known as Henry (Enrique) of
Trastamara, king of Castile and León (1369-79), born in Seville. He was the
illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile, who made him count of Trastamara.
After the accession of Alfonso's legitimate son, Peter the Cruel, to the
throne of Castile and León in 1350, Henry fled to France. With an army of
mercenaries financed by the kings of France and Aragón, Henry invaded Castile
in 1366 and drove Peter from the throne. Edward, prince of Wales, intervened
for Peter, however, and defeated Henry at Nájera in 1367. Henry defeated and
killed Peter in 1369, becoming king and continuing his alliance with Charles V
of France in the Hundred Years' War. In 1372 his navy destroyed an English
fleet off La Rochelle. He was succeeded by his son John I. 1339 - 1381 Juana Manuel De Villena Escalona 42 42 ~1340 - 1387 Peter IV 'the Ceremonious' 47 47 ~1336 Leonora Of Sicily ~1320 - 1355 Inez De Castro 35 35 Castro, Inés de (1320?-55), Spanish noblewoman, descended from the Castilian
line, whose unhappy fate has been the subject of tragedies and poems. After
1340, Inés lived with her cousin Constantia (died 1345), who was later the
wife of Dom Pedro, son of Alfonso IV, king of Portugal. After the death of
Constantia, Dom Pedro secretly married Inés. Alfonso feared that this union
might affect the claim to the throne of his grandson, Constantia's son, and he
therefore had Inés executed. Dom Pedro declared civil war against Alfonso, but
they were soon reconciled. According to legend, when Pedro became king (as
Pedro I) he established the legality of his marriage with Inés and had her
body exhumed and placed on the throne. ~1228 - 1271 Yaroslav III Afanasij Yarosovich 43 43 ~1243 - 1313 Kseniya Yurevna 70 70 1313 Juan Manuel De Castile 1317 Blanca De La Cerda Y Lara ~1301 Pedro Fernandez De Castro ~1305 Aldonca De Valladarea ~1217 Yurij Mikhailovich ~1221 N.n. Of Tarusa Line 13264 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Mrs-Yurij Mikhailovich Duchess of /TARUSA/ Line 13618 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long:   NAME Mrs-Yurij Mikhailovich Duchess of /TARUSA/ 1582 - 1641 George Of Brunswick Kalenberg 59 59 1601 - 1659 Anna Eleonore 57 57 1535 - 1592 Wilhelm Of Brunswick Luneburg 57 57 1546 - 1617 Dorothea Of Denmark 70 70 1577 - 1626 Ludwig V 'the Faithful' 48 48 1582 - 1616 Magdalene Of Brandenburg 34 34 1497 - 1546 Ernst Of Brunswick Luneburg 48 48 1508 - 1541 Sofie Of Mecklenburg Schwerin 33 33 1503 - 1559 Christian III 55 55 Christian III, b. Aug. 12, 1503, d. Jan. 1, 1559, was king of Denmark and
Norway from 1534 to 1559. A zealous Protestant, he had to overcome opposition
in the so-called Count's War (1533-36) to succeed his father, Frederick I, to
the throne. His Diet of Copenhagen (1536) established a state Lutheran church.
In a dynastic struggle with Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who supported the
claims of the daughters of deposed Christian II, Christian III barred the
Habsburg Netherlands' shipping from the Baltic Sea, and Charles made peace
with him in 1544. Christian left Denmark a well-administered state when he
died. 1511 - 1571 Dorothea Of Saxony Lauenburg 60 60 1547 - 1596 Georg I 48 48 1552 - 1587 Magdalene Of Lippe 35 35 1525 - 1598 Johann Georg 72 72 1563 - 1607 Elisabeth Of Anhalt 44 44 1468 - 1532 Heinrich Of Brunswick Luneburg 63 63 1469 - 1528 Margarethe Of Saxony 59 59 1479 - 1552 Heinrich III 'the Peaceful' 72 72 1488 - 1510 Ursule Of Mecklenburg Schwerin 21 21 1471 - 1533 Frederick I 61 61 Frederick I (of Denmark and Norway) (1471-1533), king of Denmark and Norway
(1523-33), son of Christian I and brother of King Hans. He was elected to
succeed his deposed nephew, Christian II. Owing his throne to the nobles,
Frederick granted them many privileges, thereby diminishing the royal power. A
sympathizer of Lutheranism, he facilitated the spread of that faith in his
dominions. 1487 - 1514 Anna Of Schleswig Holstein 26 26 ~1467 - 1543 Magnus I 76 76 1488 - 1563 Katharine Of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel 75 75 1527 - 1563 Bernhard Viii 35 35 ~1524 - 1583 Katharine Of Waldeck- Eisenberg 59 59 1505 - 1571 Joachim II 65 65 1507 - 1534 Magdalene Of Saxony 26 26 1536 - 1586 Joachim II Ernst 50 50 1540 - 1569 Agnes Of Barby 29 29 1439 - 1471 Otto II 32 32 1440/41 - 1514 Anna Of Nassau Dillenburg 1441 - 1486 Ernst Of Saxony 45 45 1443 - 1484 Elisabeth Of Bavaria 41 41 1455 - 1499 Johann Cicero 43 43 1449 - 1501 Margarethe Of Saxony 52 52 1426 - 1481 Christian I 55 55 Christian I, b. 1426, d. May 21, 1481, king of Denmark (r. 1448-81), Norway
(r. 1450-81), and Sweden (r. 1457-64), founded the Oldenburg dynasty.
Christian was dominated by the nobility, who deposed (1464) him in Sweden. His
attempt to regain the throne there led to his defeat (1471) at Brunkeberg,
near Stockholm. 1430 - 1495 Dorothea Of Brandenburg 65 65 1439 - 1507 Johann IV (V) 68 68 1446 - 1519 Dorothea Of Saxony Lauenburg 73 73 1463 - 1514 Heinrich I 50 50 ~1463 - 1526 Katharine Of Pomerania 63 63 1471 - 1536 Simon V 65 65 ~1505 - 1540 Magdalene Of Mansfeld 35 35 1486 - 1539 Philipp III 52 52 ~1488 Anna Of Kleve 1484 - 1535 Joachim I Nestor 51 51 1485 - 1555 Elisabeth Of Denmark 70 70 1504 - 1551 Johann V 46 46 1511 - 1577 Margarethe Of Brandenburg 66 66 ~1502 Wolfgang I ~1506 Agnes Of Mansfeld ~1408 - 1478 Friedrich 'the Pious' 70 70 ~1412 - 1454 Magdalene Of Brunswick Luneburg 42 42 1431 - 1457 Margarethe Of Baden 26 26 1425 - 1482 Wilhelm III 'the Brave' 57 57 1432 - 1462 Anna Of Austria 30 30 ~1380 - 1440 Dietrich Of Oldenburg 60 60 ~1395 - 1436 Hedwig Of Holstein 41 41 1406 - 1464 Johann 'the Alchimist' 58 58 ~1405 - 1465 Barbara Of Saxony 60 60 ~1392 - 1463 Bernhard II (Iv) 71 71 ~1404 - >1445 Adelheid Of Pomerania 41 41 1413 - 1471 Friedrich II 57 57 1421 - 1476 Katharine Of Saxony 55 55 1425 - 1503 Wilhelm II 78 78 ~1438 - 1520/21 Elisabeth Of Stolberg 1453 - 1524 Philipp II 71 71 ~1458 - 1492 Katharine Of Solms-Lich 34 34 1455 - 1513 John Of Denmark 58 58 1461 - 1521 Christine Of Saxony 59 59 ~1455 - 1516 Ernst I 61 61 1473 - 1530 Margarethe Of Munsterberg 56 56 ~1362 - 1434 Bernhard I 72 72 1376 - 1418 Margarethe Of Saxony Wittenberg 42 42 ~1400 - 1453 Jakob I 53 53 ~1402 - 1439 Catherine Of Lorraine 37 37 ~1340 - >1399 Christian V 59 59 ~1340 - 1404 Agnes Of Honstein 64 64 ~1367 Gerhard Vi ~1332 - 1390 Katharine Of Anhalt- Bernburg 58 58 1392 - 1482 Wilhelm I 'the Old' 90 90 ~1407 - 1449 Cacilie Of Wolfenbuttel 42 42 ~1400 - 1475 Wolrad I 75 75 ~1422 Barbara Of Wertheim ~1432 - 1477 Kuno Of Solms- Lich 45 45 ~1435 - 1493 Walpurgis Of Dhaun 58 58 ~1390 - 1474 Georg I 84 84 ~1430 - 1511 Anna Of Lindau Ruppin 81 81 1448 - 1498 Heinrich I 50 50 1450 - 1508 Ursule Of Brandenburg 58 58 ~1378 - 1431 Charles I 53 53 1376 - 1434 Margarethe Of Palatine 58 58 ~1300 - 1347 Konrad I 47 47 ~1316 - <1340 Ingeburg Of Holstein 24 24 ~1306 - 1378 Dietrich V 72 72 ABT 1295/99 - 1349/50 Adelheid Of Holstein ~1367 - 1442 Heinrich Vii 75 75 ~1375 - >1432 Margarethe Of Nassau- Wiesbaden 57 57 ~1393 - 1440 Michael I 47 47 1395 - 1465 Sofie Of Henneberg 70 70 ~1392 - 1457 Johann V 65 65 ~1396 - 1438 Elisabeth Katharine Von Cronberg 42 42 ~1409 - 1476 Johann IV 67 67 1416 - 1446 Elisabeth Of Hanau Muzenbnberg 30 30 ~1337 - 1397 Heinrich Vi 60 60 ~1344 - 1388 Elizabeth Of Julich 44 44 ~1334 - 1407 Johann I 73 73 ~1356 - 1409 Uta Of Teck 53 53 1367 - 1422 Friedrich I 55 55 ~1376 - 1444 Elisabeth Of Henneberg Schleusingen 68 68 ~1371 - 1428 Johann III 57 57 ~1389 - 1438 Adelheid Of Kyrburg 49 49 ~1370 - 1451 Reinhard II 81 81 ~1384 - 1459 Katharine Of Nassau- Beilstein 75 75 ~1311 - 1373 Eberhard I 62 62 ~1312 - >1373 Katharina Of Nurnberg 61 61 ~1339 Friedrich IV ~1341 - 1392 Anna Of Helfenstein 51 51 ~1334 - 1380 Ulrich IV 46 46 1347 - 1378 Elisabeth Of Wertheim 31 31 ~1340 - 1410 Heinrich II 70 70 ~1362 - ~1415 Katharine Von Randerath 53 53 ~1292 - 1355 Rudolf III 63 63 ~1296 - 1358 Elisabeth Von Breuberg 62 62 ~1311 - 1370 Ulrich III 59 59 ~1312 - 1344 Adelheid Of Nassau 32 32 ~1206 Agnes Of Thuringia ~1210 - 1261 Jaromar II 51 51 ~1224 - 1270 Eufemie Of Pomerani 46 46 1140 - 1212 Bernhard III 72 72 ~1152 - 1201 Judyta Of Poland 49 49 ~1178 - 1220 Bogislav II 42 42 ~1181 - 1240 Miroslawa Of Pomerania 59 59 ~1191 - 1241 Henryk II 'the Pious' 50 50 1204 - 1265 Anna Of Bohemia 61 61 ~1236 - 1306 Rudolf II 70 70 ~1259 - 1310 Kunigunde Of Baden 51 51 Lenora De Guzman 1102 - 1139 Henry 'the Proud' 37 37 Duke of Bavaria; Count of Brunswick; Count of Toscana 1075 - 1137 Lothaire II (III) 62 62 Lothair II (sometimes called Lothair III), b. 1075, d. Dec. 4, 1137, was
German king (1125-37) and Holy Roman emperor (1133-37). The son of Gebhard,
count of Supplinburg, Lothair was made duke of Saxony by Holy Roman Emperor
Henry V in 1106. When Henry died in 1125, the electors chose Lothair as his
successor rather than Henry's nephew. Lothair had led the opposition against
Henry, and his election thus represented a victory of princely independence
over heredity. He encouraged the eastward expansion of Germany
and the spread of Christianity. Compliant toward the church and his
advisor Bernard of Clairvaux, Lothair supported Innocent II after the disputed
papal election of 1130. Until 1135 he battled the Hohenstaufens and
strengthened his son-in-law, Henry the Proud of Bavaria, by grants of Italian
and Saxon lands. On his deathbed, Lothair designated Henry as his successor,
but the princes chose instead his former rival Conrad III of Hohenstaufen. ~1105 Gertrude Richenza Of Meissen 1129 - 1195 Henry 'the Lion' 66 66 Henry the Lion (circa 1129-95), duke of Saxony (1139-80) and duke of Bavaria
(1156-80), a powerful German prince, who became a rival of the Holy Roman
emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.
The only son of Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria and Saxony, Henry was
probably born in Ravensburg. At the age of ten he succeeded his father to the
duchy of Saxony, which his mother and grandmother administered for him until
1146. In 1147 Henry demanded that the Diet of Frankfort restore to him the
duchy of Bavaria, which had been taken from his father. When refused, Henry
began an unsuccessful war against Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III. After
Conrad's death, however, Henry's duchy was restored to him by the imperial
successor, Frederick Barbarossa. Henry subsequently aided Frederick in wars in
Poland and Italy between 1157 and 1159.
Possessing both German and Italian territories, Henry was a formidable figure
within the Holy Roman Empire. To curb him, a league of nobles and prelates was
formed in 1166; after two years of war, Henry was triumphant. In 1168 he took
as his second wife Matilda, the daughter of Henry II, king of England. In
1172-73 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
By refusing to aid Frederick I in an Italian expedition, Henry instigated a
quarrel (1175-76) between himself and the emperor. As a result, he was placed
under the ban of the empire. He was deprived of most of his possessions in
1180 and twice forced into exile, in 1182 and 1189, spending most of his time
in England. When he returned to Germany shortly after the second exile, Henry
took part in a rebellion of German nobles against Frederick's successor,
Emperor Henry VI. He made peace with the emperor, however, at Fulda in 1190.
Henry was a capable ruler, one of his greatest accomplishments being the
colonization of previously Slavic territories east of the Elbe River. He died
at Brunswick, August 6, 1195. N.n. 1547 - 1578 Don John Of Austria 31 31 Don John of Austria, b. Feb. 24, 1547, d. Oct. 1, 1578, was the illegitimate
son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the half brother of King Philip II of
Spain. After fighting against the Moriscos in Granada (1569), he commanded the
naval force of Spain, Venice, and the papacy that crushed the Turkish fleet in
the Battle of Lepanto on Oct. 7, 1571. Appointed Spanish governor of the Low
Countries in 1576, Don John could not subdue the Dutch Revolt either by
concessions or by war. He was succeeded on his death by Alessandio Farnese. ~1200 - 1231 Guilaume II De Dampierre 31 31 1225 - 1305 Guy De Dampierre 80 80 ~1247 - 1298 Isabelle Of Luxembourg 51 51 Mary Of Coucy 1601 - 1666 Anne Of Austria 65 65 Anne of Austria (1601-1666), queen of France. She was born in Madrid, the
daughter of Philip III, king of Spain, and Margaret of Austria, both
descendants of the Habsburg family. In 1615 she married Louis XIII of France.
The marriage was unhappy, and from 1620 until the death of Louis in 1643, the
couple lived in virtual separation. The king's chief minister, Cardinal
Richelieu, doubted Anne's loyalty to France because of her Spanish origin. He
accused her of complicity in several treasonable conspiracies against Louis,
but her guilt was never proved. After Louis died, Anne assumed the regency for
her five-year-old son, King Louis XIV, but entrusted the government to the
prime minister, Jules Mazarin. Together, they upheld the authority of the
Crown during the civil wars of the Fronde from 1648 to 1653. In 1661, when
Louis XIV assumed power, Anne retired to a convent. Queen Anne is the central
figure of Alexandre Dumas's Three Musketeers (1844; translated 1846). 1638 - 1715 Louis Xiv 76 76 Louis XIV (1638-1715), king of France (1643-1715), known as the Sun King, who
imposed absolute rule on France and fought a series of wars trying to dominate
Europe. His reign, the longest in European history, was marked by a great
flowering of French culture.
Louis was born on September 5, 1638, at Saint Germain-en-Laye. His parents,
King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, grateful for an heir after 20 barren
years of marriage, christened him Louis Dieudonné (literally, the "gift of
God").

Early Reign
In 1643 Louis XIII died. Anne of Austria, aided by her minister, Cardinal
Mazarin, ruled France as regent. His father's death spared Louis XIV the
beatings and abuse usually given French princes; kindly but mediocre tutors
gave him a feeble education. His mother formed his rules of conscience,
teaching him a simple kind of Roman Catholicism laced with superstition.
Mazarin instructed him in court ceremony, war, and the craft of kingship. The
Fronde-two rebellions against the Crown between 1648 and 1653-impressed upon
Louis the need to bring order, stability, and reform to France and also
fostered in him a deep suspicion of the nobility. In accordance with the
Franco-Spanish Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Louis married his Spanish
cousin, Marie-Thérèse, in 1660. When Mazarin died the following year, Louis
shocked France by refusing to name a first minister; he decided to rule alone
and select Jean Baptiste Colbert as his financial adviser. Colbert encouraged
domestic industry and foreign exports and rebuilt the French navy.
Despite his rakish youth, Louis XIV proved a hardworking king. Every Monday,
Wednesday, and Saturday he presided at a council meeting in which he and a
select group of ministers formulated policies that affected the lives of his
20 million subjects. Louis developed two effective new instruments of power: a
corps of professional diplomats and a standing, uniformed army. After 1682 the
king spent most of his time at Versailles, near Paris, where he had built a
magnificent palace that became the showplace of Europe.

Foreign Wars
In foreign affairs, Louis's consistent aim was to glorify France, to gird its
defenses on the northern and eastern frontiers, and to prevent any resurgence
of the power of the Habsburg dynasty, which had formerly threatened France on
two sides by its control over Spain and Germany. In four wars he displayed
before all of Europe his prowess as a military leader. In 1667, claiming his
wife's right of inheritance (jus devolutionis), Louis invaded the Spanish
Netherlands. His quick victories prompted England, Holland, and Sweden to
check France and force the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668). Louis gained 12
fortresses in Flanders and soon isolated the Dutch by buying English and
Swedish neutrality. In 1672 he hurled an army against Holland. For six years
the Dutch, aided by Spain and Austria, staved off French attacks. The treaties
signed at Nijmegen (1678) did not dismantle Holland but gave Louis the
Franche-Comté region and more forts in Flanders.
While his armies were battling Dutch Protestants, Louis had been denying
religious liberty to the Protestants (Huguenots) of France and tightening
control over his Roman Catholic clergy. In 1685, determined to force
conversion of the Huguenots, he revoked their charter of liberties, the Edict
of Nantes, forcing more than 200,000 into exile and igniting the Camisards'
revolt. Although applauded by his Roman Catholic subjects, the revocation
stiffened resistance to Louis in Protestant Europe. Overconfident and
ill-advised, he sent an army into the Rhineland in 1688 to claim the
Palatinate for his sister-in-law Elizabeth Charlotte of Bavaria. This War of
the League of Augsburg (1688-97) revealed serious deficiencies in Louis's
army. Despite the devastation of the Rhineland, the Peace of Ryswick (1697)
did not improve French defenses or add to the glory of the monarchy.
Louis's last military venture, the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-13),
stemmed from his acceptance of the Spanish throne on behalf of his grandson,
Philip. Louis's armies, opposed by an alliance of the European powers, lost
most of the major battles, but won control of Spain. The Treaty of Utrecht
(1713), which awarded several French territories in North America to the
British, also recognized Philip as king of Spain. Louis ruled a war-weary
France until his health broke in 1715. Suffering from fever and gangrene, he
mustered enough strength to say, "I depart, France remains," before dying on
September 1, 1715, at Versailles.

Achievements
Parallel to Louis's quest for glory in war was his patronage of glory in the
arts. Molière and Jean Baptiste Racine wrote plays performed at his court.
Paintings by French masters ornamented his palaces, where the music of Jean
Baptiste Lully charmed his guests. Louis founded the academies of Painting and
Sculpture (1655), Science (1666), and Architecture (1671), and in 1680 he
established the Comédie Française. His grand palace at Versailles afforded the
ideal setting for his lavish court.
After Queen Marie-Thérèse's death in 1683, Louis secretly married a pious and
previously obscure woman, Françoise d'Aubigné, known as Madame de Maintenon;
she urged him to suppress spectacles and sin. Louis's interest in improving
Paris, however, never waned. He razed the city's medieval walls, built the
Invalides as a home for disabled veterans, planned the great avenue of the
Champs-Élysées, and refurbished the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Louis XIV was never able to resolve the tensions between a governing elite
committed to efficiency and a society organized by rank, birth, and privilege,
which explains many of the failures of his reign. His personal example of
long, dedicated rule, however, made France the bureaucratic model for
18th-century, absolutist Europe. 1578 - 1621 Philip III 43 43 Philip III (of Spain and Naples) (1578-1621), king of Spain, Naples, and
Sicily (1598-1621), and, as Philip II, king of Portugal (1598-1621), the son
of Philip II, king of Spain, born in Madrid. In contrast to his father, Philip
pursued a policy of peace in western Europe, concluding a treaty with England
in 1604 and with the Dutch republic in 1609. After 1618, however, he backed
Austria in the Thirty Years' War. He entrusted the government to his prime
minister, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, duque de Lerma, and later to
Lerma's son, Cristobal, duque de Uceda. In 1609 he expelled from Spain the
last of the Moriscos (Christian converts from Islam). 1584 - 1611 Margaret Of Austria 27 27 Thomas Boleyn 1807 - 1890 Sidney Smith Slocum 83 83 SLOCUM, Sidney, was born in Cambridge, N.Y., in 1807, and came with his father, Samuel, to this town in 1809, and located northwest of Russia Corners.
He was married in 1836 to Mary A., daughter of Jesse PAYNE. They have eight children. When a young man he worked for W. BURRELL, of Salisbury, for several years. Since 1837 he has followed farming, and also dealt in horses and cattle. [ref #2, pg 278]

2) "1879 History of Herkimer County", published by Beers

Slocum, Charles Elihu, A short history of the Slocums, Slocumbs and Slocombs of America, genealogical and biographical, embracing eleven generations of the first-named family from 1637 to 1881 : with their alliances and the descendants in the female lines so far as ascertained ...
Syracuse, N.Y.: Slocum, 1882, 659 pgs. 1813 - 1895 Mary Ann Payne 82 82 Buried: Swezey-Bromley Cemetery 1832 Ruth Tyrphena Slocum 1834 Lot Dean Slocum Resided in San Francisco, CA 1838 Sarah Jane Slocum 1840 Julia Elizabeth Slocum 1843 - 1866 Elon Morell Slocum 23 23 Buried: Swezey-Bromley Cemetery. 1845 Volney Morrison Slocum 1847 Sidney Payne Slocum 1449 - 1492 Lorenzo 'the Magnificent' De'medici 43 43 1851 John Henry Slocum 1853 - 1859 Emily Elida Slocum 5 5 Buried: Swezey-Bromley Cemetery ~0958 - 1025 Basil II 67 67 Basil II (958?-1025), Byzantine emperor (976-1025), the greatest ruler of the
Macedonian dynasty. The son of Emperor Romanus II, he reigned jointly with his
brother Constantine VIII after the death of the usurper John I Tzimisces in
976, but Constantine never took an active role in government. Basil's greatest
achievements were the conquest of Armenia in the east and the destruction of
the Bulgarian Empire, which threatened Byzantium on the west. He waged war on
the Bulgars for nearly two decades. Defeating (1014) the Bulgarian czar
Samuel, he subjected his people to Byzantine rule and was given the surname
Bulgaroctonos (Slayer of Bulgars). The Byzantine Empire began to decline after
Basil's death. 1728 - 1762 Peter III 34 34 Peter III (1728-62), emperor of Russia (1762), son of Duke Charles Frederick
of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Anna, daughter of Peter I of Russia. He was
born in Kiel, Germany. In 1741, after the death of his father, he was adopted
by his aunt, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. On his accession in 1762, Russia was
at war with Prussia, whose ruler, Frederick II, the Great, Peter so greatly
admired that he quickly concluded a peace treaty. He thereby sacrificed all
the advantages Russia had gained during the Seven Years' War and antagonized
many Russian nobles. The nobles, aided by Catherine, Peter's wife, deposed him
on July 9, 1762. He abdicated the following day in favor of Catherine and was
murdered on July 17. 1729 - 1796 Catherine 'the Great' 67 67 Catherine the Great (1729-96), empress of Russia (1762-96), the second of that name, who continued the process of Westernization begun by Peter the Great and
made Russia a European power. Originally named Sophie Fredericke Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, Catherine was born in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) on May 2, 1729, the daughter of a minor German prince. In 1745, she married Grand Duke Peter of Holstein, heir to the Russian throne. The marriage was an unhappy one, but the intelligent and ambitious Catherine soon managed to build up a circle of supporters in Saint Petersburg. In 1754 she gave birth to a son, the future emperor Paul.
Catherine's husband succeeded to the throne as Peter III in 1762. Erratic, unstable, and contemptuous of his Russian subjects, he soon alienated several important groups in Russian society. On July 9, 1762, following a pattern well established in 18th-century Russia, the Imperial Guards overthrew him and placed Catherine on the throne in his stead.

Catherine and the Enlightenment
Catherine was well acquainted with the literature of the French Enlightenment, which was an important influence on her own political thinking. She corresponded extensively with Voltaire and Denis Diderot, gave financial support to them and a number of other French writers, and played host to Diderot at her court in 1773. Although this activity was partly aimed at creating a favorable image in Western Europe, she was probably sincere in her interest and her hope to apply some of the ideas of the Enlightenment to rationalize and reform the administration of the Russian Empire. Despite her interest in legal reform, however, the commission she appointed for that purpose in 1767 failed to accomplish its goals. Among Catherine's more benevolent achievements were the foundation of the first Russian schools for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for her subjects.
In the early years of her reign, Catherine sought to win the support of the Russian gentry, and, in particular, of a small group of nobles. She confirmed Peter III's emancipation of the gentry from compulsory military service, granted them many other privileges, and showered her supporters with titles, offices, state lands, and serfs to work their fields. Thus, despite a professed abhorrence for serfdom, she did much to expand that institution by transferring state-owned serfs to private landowners, extending serfdom to newly acquired territories, and greatly increasing the legal control of the gentry over their serfs.

Later Conservatism
Peasant unrest culminated in a great revolt (1773-75), led by the cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, that raged over much of the Volga River Basin and the Urals
before it was finally crushed by military force. The revolt marked a turn toward a more reactionary internal policy. The cossack army was disbanded, and
other cossacks were granted special privileges in an effort to transform them into loyal supporters of the autocracy. In 1775 a major reform of provincial
administration was undertaken in an effort to ensure better control of the empire. A major reform of urban administration was also promulgated. The French Revolution increased Catherine's hostility toward liberal ideas. Several outspoken critics of serfdom such as Nikolay I. Novikov and Aleksandr N. Radishchev, were imprisoned, and Catherine seems to have been planning to join a European coalition against France when she died on November 17, 1796, in St. Petersburg.
Under Catherine, the territory of the Russian Empire was greatly expanded. As a result of two wars against the Ottoman Empire (1768-74 and 1787-91) and the
annexation of the Crimea (1783), Russia gained control of the northern coast of the Black Sea. Russian control over Poland-Lithuania was also greatly extended, culminating in the annexation of large tracts of territory in the three partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795).

Character of the Reign
One characteristic of Catherine's reign was the important role played by her lovers, or favorites. Ten men occupied this semiofficial position, and at least two, Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin, were important in formulating foreign and domestic policy. Although assessments of Catherine vary, she undoubtedly played a key role in the development of Russia as a modern state. D. 1739 Charles Frederick 1708 - 1728 Anna Petrovna 20 20 1672 - 1725 Peter 'the Great' 52 52 Peter the Great or Peter I (1672-1725), czar of Russia (1682-1725), whose
military campaigns and modernization efforts transformed Russia into an empire
to be reckoned with in European affairs.
Peter was born in Moscow on June 9, 1672, the son of Czar Alexis I
Mikhailovich. In early childhood he was taught by private tutors; later, with
the aid of palace masters and various foreigners living in Moscow, he taught
himself technical and mechanical arts, especially in relation to military and
naval science. From 1682 to 1689, under the regency of his half sister Sophia
Alekseyevna, Peter shared the throne with his older half brother Ivan V, but
in 1689 Peter's partisans at court overthrew Sophia and installed him as sole
authority (formally, Ivan continued to reign until his death).
During Peter's reign Russia emerged as a great European power, in part because
of his introduction of many Western European scientific, technological,
cultural, and political conceptions and practices. In 1696, after creating a
river fleet, the first Russian navy, Peter captured from the Turks the
important fortress of Azov, which commanded the Sea of Azov and gave Russia
access to the Black Sea. The following year, in an effort to secure allies
among the European powers against the Turks and the Swedes and in order to
acquaint himself with Western technology, Peter accompanied a diplomatic
mission to the principal capitals of Western Europe. During his travels he
induced about 900 artisans, craftsmen, technical advisers, and other experts
to emigrate to Russia. Later he sent many young Russians abroad to learn
Western crafts and trades.
On his return to Moscow in 1698 Peter, determined to gain control of the
eastern part of the Baltic Sea, began military preparations for an attack on
Sweden. Although the Great Northern War (1700-21) that ensued began
inauspiciously for him, with a devastating setback at Narva (1700), he went on
to win one of the greatest military victories in Russian history at the Battle
of Poltava in 1709. By the terms of the Treaty of Nystadt (1721) that
concluded the war, Russia gained control of a considerable area of the Baltic
littoral, later called the Baltic Provinces. In 1703, during the war, Peter
founded Saint Petersburg as a "window to Europe" and made it his capital.
Peter was proclaimed emperor in 1721 and thus established the Russian Empire.
He introduced such internal reforms as abolition of the power of the boyars,
or aristocrats, and the subordination of those nobles and of the church to the
throne; the encouragement of industry, trade, and education; and the
reorganization of the administrative apparatus of the state to make it more
modern and efficient. During Peter's reign the Russian alphabet was
simplified, Arabic numerals were introduced, the first newspaper in the
Russian language was published, schools were founded, and an Academy of
Sciences was established.
Under Peter, Russia became a regimented state. His police-state philosophy was
based on the conviction that, just as he spent his life unceasingly in service
for the state, so his subjects, whose welfare was his object, should discharge
their obligation to the state. Both his reforms and his swift, often cruel,
reprisals for infractions of his regulations made indelible impressions upon
Russian life. He died in St. Petersburg on February 8, 1725. ~1682 - 1727 Catherine I 45 45 Catherine I, real name Marta Skavronskaya (1682?-1727), empress of Russia
(1725-27). Of peasant origin, she was born in Jakobstadt (now Jekabpils,
Latvia) but was orphaned early in life and reared by a pastor in Marienburg
(now Malbork, Poland). When the Russians captured Marienburg in 1702, she was
taken prisoner by the Russian commander, who sold her to Prince Aleksandr
Menshikov, a close adviser of Peter the Great. She soon became Peter's
mistress and most influential counselor. Peter, who had divorced his first
wife in 1699, married Catherine in 1712. After his son Alexis died, Peter
issued an ukaz ("imperial order") declaring his right to name his own
successor; he died in 1725 without doing so. Catherine, however, had been
crowned empress-consort in 1724, and on Peter's death she was proclaimed his
successor; the claims of Alexis's son (later Peter III) were bypassed. Shrewd
and courageous, Catherine defended Peter's advisers against his rages, and in
her own reign she established, and concentrated power in, the supreme privy
council. Two of her eight children by Peter survived, Anna (mother of Peter
III) and Elizabeth Petrovna (empress 1741-62). 1629 - 1676 Alexis I Mikhailovich 46 46 Alexis I (1629-76), second Russian czar (1645-76) of the house of Romanov, and
father of Peter the Great. He succeeded his father Michael. As a result of two
campaigns by Alexis against the Poles (1654-56 and 1660-67), Russia gained
Smolensk, Kyyiv, and the lands east of the Dnepr River. The war with Sweden
(1656-58) was not as successful; Alexis was forced to withdraw from the lands
he had taken. The reign of Czar Alexis was also marked by internal revolt, a
schism in the Russian Orthodox church, and the formulation of a legal code
that extended the serfdom of the Russian peasants. 1597 - 1645 Michael Romanov 48 48 Michael (Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov), b. 1596, d. July 23, (N.S.), 1645, tsar
of Russia (1613-45), founded the Romanov dynasty. To end the chaos of the
period known as the Time of Troubles, the zemsky sobor (assembly of the land)
offered the throne to Michael, a grandnephew of Tsar Ivan IV. Michael was
dominated first by his mother, Ksenia Ivanovna Shestova, and her relatives and
later by his father, Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, who was released from Polish
captivity in 1619 and served as patriarch of the Russian Orthodox church and
coruler until he died in 1633. Under Michael's rule domestic disorder was
checked, and peace was established with Sweden (1617) and Poland (1618, 1634).
He was succeeded by his son Alexis. ~1177 - 1249 Wizlaw I 72 72 ~1183 - 1237 Margarethe Of Rugen 54 54 ~1200 - 1266 Swatopolk I 66 66 ~1201 - 1235 Eufrozyna Of Pomerania 34 34 ~1160 - 1220 Mestwin I 60 60 ~1166 - 1240 Zwinislawa Of Poland 74 74 1131 - 1182 Valdemar I 'the Great' 51 51 ~1141 - 1198 Sofiya Vladimirovna 57 57 1126 - 1184 Otto I 57 57 ~1132 - ~1170 Judyta Of Poland 38 38 ~1160 - 1210 Konrad Of Lusatia 50 50 ~1153 - 1209 Elzbieta Of Poland 56 56 ~1130 - 1178 Sobieslav I 48 48 ~1136 N.n. ~1126 - 1202 Mieszko III 'the Old' 76 76 ~1131 Evdokiya Izyaslavna 1096 - 1131 Knut Of Denmark 35 35 ~1099 Ingeborga Of Kiev ~1123 - >1141 Vladimir Dmitrij Vsevolodich 18 18 1116 - 1155 Ryksa Of Poland 39 39 1085 Albrecht I 1100 Sofie Of Brandenburg ~1128 - 1155 Erzsebet Of Hungary 27 27 1096 - 1154 Izyaslav II 58 58 ~1107 - 1151 Daughter Of Conrad 44 44 ~1019 - 1103 Erik I 'the Evergood' 84 84 ~1068 - 1103 Bothild Of Denmark 35 35 ~1102 - 1136 Vsevolod Gavriil 34 34 ~1103 Svyatoslavna Of Chernigov 1093 - 1152 Conrad III 59 59 Conrad III (1093-1152), king of Germany (1138-52), founder of the Hohenstaufen
dynasty of Holy Roman emperors, a younger son of Frederick I, duke of Swabia,
who was count of Hohenstaufen. Conrad's uncle, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V,
appointed him duke of Franconia in 1115 and a regent of Germany in 1116. Upon
Henry's death in 1125 Conrad joined his brother Frederick II, duke of Swabia,
in unsuccessfully disputing the imperial election of Lothair II, duke of
Saxony, who was also elected king of Germany. Conrad was elected king (or
so-called antiking) of Germany in 1127. A war between the rivals ensued.
Conrad went to Milan, where he was crowned king of Italy in 1128. The pope
crowned Lothair as Holy Roman emperor in 1133 and two years later Conrad
acknowledged Lothair as emperor. After Lothair's death in 1137 Conrad was
again elected king of the Germans. Although the pope no longer rejected him,
events in the empire prevented Conrad from receiving a formal coronation as
Holy Roman emperor.
Conrad's chief enemy was Lothair's son-in-law, Henry the Proud, duke of
Bavaria and Saxony, who refused to submit to Conrad's authority. The
centuries-long war between the Welf family, to which Henry belonged, and the
Hohenstaufen family, also known as the Waiblingen, originated during Conrad's
reign. Conrad's struggle with the Welfs and his other unsuccessful efforts to
consolidate the empire were interrupted by the calling of the Second Crusade
(1147-49), in which he took a leading part. He was succeeded by his nephew,
Duke Frederick of Swabia, who became emperor as Frederick I (Frederick
Barbarossa). ~1085 Gertrud Of Komburg ~0988 - 1076 Svend II 'estridsen' 88 88 ~0994 N.n. ~1032 Thorgaut (Thaugot) 'fagrskinna' ~1036 Thorugnn Vognsson ~1080 - 1142 Svyatoslavich Davidovich 'the Holy' 62 62 ~1073 - >1136 Anna Svyatopolkovna 63 63 ~1055 - 1123 David Svyatoslavich 68 68 ~1060 Feodosiya Of Chernigov 1027 - 1076 Svyatopolk I (II) 49 49 ~1031 Killikiya Of Dithmarschen ~1099 - 1144 Salome Of Schelklingen 45 45 ~1073 Heinrich Of Berg ~1077 Adelaide Of Monchenthal 1206 - 1226 Agnes Of Austria 20 20 ~1179 - 1246 Theodora Angelina 67 67 ~1179 - 1230 Leopold Vi 'the Gloriuos' 51 51 ~1158 - 1199 Ilona Of Hungary 41 41 ~1108 - 1184 Theodora Comnenus 76 76 ~1157 - 1194 Leopold V 37 37 ~1108 - 1142 Andronikos Comnenus 34 34 ~1109 - 1150 Irini 41 41 ~1094 - 1136 Wartislav I 42 42 ~1105 Helia Of Pomerania ~1130 - 1187 Bogislav I 57 57 ~1161 - >1240 Anastazja Of Poland 79 79 ~1125 Adelheid Of Sultzbach ~1168 - 1238 Henryk I 'the Bearded' 70 70 ~1167 - 1243 Hedwig 'the Saint' Of Andechs 76 76 ~1155 - 1230 Premysl Otakar I 75 75 1180 - 1240 Konstancia Of Hungary 60 60 ~1117 - 1174 Vladislav II 57 57 ~1131 - 1174 Jutte Of Thuringia 43 43 ~1147 - 1195 Sofie Of Sommerschenburg 48 48 ~1147 Hermann I 1205 - 1253 Vaclav I 48 48 Wenceslas I, b. 1205, d. Sept. 22, 1253, king of Bohemia (1230-53), succeeded
his father, Ottokar I, founder of the Bohemian kingdom. He added Austria to
the possessions of the Premysl dynasty by compelling the Austrians to
recognize his son Ottokar II as duke. The influx of German colonists into
Bohemia continued under Wenceslas and brought prosperity, although Moravia was
attacked by the Mongols in the 1240s and the Bohemian nobles rebelled from
1248 to 1250. Ottokar II succeeded Wenceslas. ~1200 - 1248 Kunigunde Of Swabia 48 48 Frances Aylesbury 1874 - 1965 Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 90 90 Winston Churchill, born 30 Nov 1874 at Blenheim Palace, where his parents were guests of his Uncle, was the eldest son of Lord Randolph Churchill and the American heiress Jennie Jerome (1854-1921). He graduated from the Royal Military College at Sandhurst into the 11th Hussars, but having served in India and the Sudan, he resigned his cavalry commission in 1899 to become a correspondent during the Boer War. A daring escape after he had been captured made him a national hero, and in 1900 he was elected to Parliament as a Conservative. Despite his aristocratic background, he switched in 1904 to the Liberal party. In 1908, he became President of the Board of Trade in Herbert Henry Asquith's Liberal cabinet. Then, and later as Home Secretary (1910-11), he worked for special reform in tandem with David Lloyd George. As First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-15), Churchill was a vigorous modernizer of the Royal Navy. He married an American heiress, had one son (Randolph Churchill MP) and three three daughters. Churchill's role in World War I was controversial and almost destroyed his career. Naval problems and his support of the disastrous Gallipoli campaign forced his resignation from the Admiralty. Following service as a battalion commander in the Royal Highland Fusiliers in France, he joined Lloyd George's coalition Cabinet, and from 1917 to 1922 he filled several important positions, including Minister of Munitions and Secretary for War. The collapse of Lloyd George and the Liberal party in 1922, left Churchill out of Parliament between 1922 and 1924. Returning in 1924, he became Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government (1924-29). As such he displayed his new conservatism by returning Britain
to the gold standard and vigorously condemning the trade unions during the General Strike of 1926. During the depression years (1929-39) Churchill was denied cabinet office. Baldwin and later Neville Chamberlain, who dominated the National Government from 1931 to 1940, disliked his opposition to self-government
for India and his support of Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of 1936. His insistence on the need for rearmament and his censure of  Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler at Munich in 1938 also aroused suspicion. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, however, Churchill's views were finally appreciated, and public opinion demanded his return to the Admiralty. The signal went out to the the Fleet - "Winston's back".
Churchill succeeded Chamberlain as Prime Minister on 10 May 1940. During the dark days of World War II that followed the ecacuation of the BEF from Dunkirk, the fall of France, and the blitz, Churchill's pugnacity and rousing speeches rallied the British to continue the fight. He urged his compatriots to conduct themselves so that, "if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, æThis was their finest hour.'" By successful collaboration with President Franklin D. Roosevelt he was able to secure military aid and moral support from the United States. After the Soviet Union and the USA entered the war in 1941,
Churchill established close ties with leaders of what he called the "Grand Alliance". Traveling ceaselessly throughout the war, he did much to coordinate military strategy and to ensure Hitler's defeat. His conferences with Roosevelt and Stalin, most notably at Yalta in 1945, also shaped the map of postwar Europe. By 1945 he was admired throughout the world, his reputation disguising the fact that Britain's military role had become secondary. Unappreciative of the popular demands for postwar social change, however, Churchill was defeated by the Labour Party in the election of 1945. Churchill criticized the Welfare State reforms of Labour under his wartime deputy and successor as Prime Minister, Clement Attlee. He also warned in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, in 1946, of the dangers of
Soviet expansion. He was Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955, but this time age and poor health prevented him from providing dynamic leadership. Resigning in 1955, Churchill devoted his last years to painting and writing. He died on 24 Jan 1965, at the age of 90. Following a state funeral, he was buried at Bladon near Blenheim Palace. Churchill was also an able historian. His most famous works are "The World Crisis" (4 vols, 1923-29), "My Early Life" (1930), "Marlborough" (4 vols, 1933-38), "The Second World War" (6 vols, 1948-53), and "A History of the English-Speaking Peoples" (4 vols, 1956-58). He received the Nobel Prize
for literature and a knighthood in 1953. Churchill's death in 1965, like that of Queen Victoria in 1901, marked the end of an era in British history. Born into a Victorian aristocratic family, he witnessed and participated in Britain's transformation from empire to welfare state, and its decline as a world power. His true importance,
however, rests on the fact that by sheer stubborn courage he led the British people, and with them, the democratic Western world, from the brink of defeat to a final victory in the greatest conflict the world has ever seen.

{Burke's Peerage and Chamber's Biographical Dictionary} 1849 - 1895 Randolph Churchill 45 45 Churchill, Randolph Henry Spencer, usually called Lord Randolph Churchill
(1849-95), British statesman, born at Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England,
and educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford. Churchill entered
the House of Commons as a Conservative in 1874 and was a passive member until
1880, when the Conservative defeat roused him to action as leader of the
so-called Fourth party, a small band of independents of the Conservative and
Tory parties. They advocated a progressive program for the Conservative party
known as "Tory democracy." Churchill distinguished himself as a ready
unconventional debater, attracting particular attention by his criticism of
the foreign and domestic policy of Prime Minister William E. Gladstone. When
the Conservatives returned to power in 1885, Churchill became secretary of
state for India. His period of office was marked by the annexation of Burma.
For six months in 1886 he was leader of the House of Commons and chancellor of
the Exchequer, but he resigned because he opposed increased military
expenditures. Thereafter he was inactive in public life. In 1874 Churchill
married the American heiress Jennie Jerome. Their son, Sir Winston Churchill,
was British prime minister during and after World War II. D. 1921 Jennie Jerome Daughter of Leonard Jerome of New York. 1822 - 1883 John Winston Spencer- Churchill 61 61 Lord Lieutenat for Oxfordshire, MP for Woodstock 1840 - 1845 and 1847 - 1857 when he succeeded to his Dukedom.  Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1876 - 1880. Knight of the Garter and Privy Councillor. Succeeded by his eldest son. He had four other sons (including Lord Randolph CHURCHILL) and six daughters. {Burke's Peerage} D. 1899 Frances Anne Emily Vane Daughter of 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, K.G.  Frances was appointed to the order of Victoria and Albert for services to the Royal household. {Burke's Peerage} 1793 - 1857 George Spencer- Churchill 63 63 Lord Lieutenant for Oxfordshire and High Steward of Oxford and Woodstock. He died leaving as issue his eldest son and successor, two other sons and a daughter by his first marriage, a surviving daughter of his 2nd marriage and a son by his 3rd marriage. {Burke's Peerage} D. 1844 Jane Stewart Daughter of 8th Earl of Galloway and cousin to her husband. {Burke's Peerage} 1766 - 1840 George Spencer 73 73 5th Duke of Marlborough who obtained a Royal Licence to assume and bear the additional surname and arms of his illustrious predecessor, John CHURCHILL, 1st Duke of Marlborough. He died leaving his eldest son as successor and two other sons as issue. {Burke's Peerage} D. 1841 Susan Stewart Daughter of 7th Earl of Galloway. {Burke's Peerage} 1739 - 1817 George Spencer 78 78 4th Duke of Marlborough appointed Knight of the Garter. Died leaving his eldest son as successor and another son and five daughters as issue. {Burke's Peerage} D. 1811 Caroline Russell Only daughter of 4th Duke of Bedford. {Burke's Peerage} 1706 - 1758 Charles Spencer 51 51 Succeeded as 3rd Duke of Marlborough 24 Oct 1733. Installed as Knight of the Garter 21 Apr 1741. A Brigadier General who commanded a Brigade at Dettingen in 1743. He was appointed CinC of British forces serving in Germany in 1758 when he died of a fever. He was succeded by his eldest son; leaving as issue two other sons and two daughters. {Burke's Peerage} D. 1761 Elizabeth Trevor Daughter of Thomas, Lord Trevor. {Burke's Peerage} 1882 - 1951 Frederick William Victor Hohenzollern 69 69 1859 - 1941 William II 82 82 William II (of Germany and Prussia), full name Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert
(1859-1941), emperor of Germany and king of Prussia (1888-1918), whose
policies helped bring about World War I (1914-1918).
William, also known as Kaiser Wilhelm, was born in Berlin and educated at the
University of Bonn. He was the son of Prince Frederick William, later German
emperor as Frederick III, and Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise, eldest daughter
of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. In 1881, after a period of military
service, he was married to Augusta Victoria, princess of Schleswig-Holstein.
He became emperor in 1888 upon the death of his father, who had reigned for
only three months.
William II's first major action as emperor was his dismissal in 1890 of the
aged chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck, who had been largely responsible for
the growth of the German Empire under the emperor's grandfather, William I.
Thereafter William II participated significantly, often decisively, in the
formulation of foreign and domestic policies. His administration of internal
affairs was marked by the rapid transformation of Germany from an agricultural
to a major industrial state and by the accompanying development of serious
problems in capital-labor relations. William was only partially successful in
his attempts to curb the growth of Germany's Social Democratic party, which
ultimately became the largest political group in the empire.
The emperor believed that he ruled by divine right. Foreign affairs interested
him, but his policies were contradictory and confused. He professed deep
friendship for Great Britain but drove that country into an alliance with
France and Russia by his aggressive program of colonial, commercial, and naval
expansion. Similarly, his policy of friendship with Russia and support of
Russian ambitions in East Asia was negated by his encouragement of
Austro-Hungarian actions in the Balkans. He believed firmly in the efficacy of
the Triple Alliance of Germany with Austria-Hungary and Italy as a deterrent
to war. Imperial policy under his impulsive guidance severely aggravated the
international frictions that culminated in World War I.
During the war William's position became increasingly that of a figurehead.
Realizing his own incapacity as a military leader, he left the responsibility
for military decisions increasingly to the German generals Paul von Hindenburg
and Erich Ludendorff. He ignored the 1917 peace resolutions submitted by the
Reichstag and urged continuation of the war. After the German offensive of
1918 failed, unrest mounted among the German armies and people, and William
left his country and went to the Netherlands. He was forced to abdicate his
throne on November 9, 1918. During the peace negotiations at Versailles,
various representatives of the victorious Allies urged vainly that William be
extradited and tried as a war criminal. He spent his remaining years in
complete seclusion at Doorn Castle in the Netherlands. After the death of the
former empress in 1921, William married Hermine, princess of
Schönaich-Carolath. He lived to see the resurgence of German armed power; and
after his death he was buried with military honors by order of Adolf Hitler. 1858 - 1921 Augusta Victoria 62 62 Augusta Frederica Louisa Feodora Jenny eldest daughter of Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenborg. {Chamber's Biographical Dictionary 1831 - 1888 Frederick III 56 56 Frederick III (of Prussia) (1831-1888), king of Prussia and emperor of Germany
from March 9 to June 15, 1888, and the son of Emperor William I. Frederick was
born in Potsdam, Germany. When his father succeeded to the throne of Prussia
in 1861, Frederick became Frederick William, crown prince of Prussia. Liberal
in his political views, Frederick opposed the conservative policies of the
German chancellor, Prince Otto von Bismarck. Although Frederick opposed war,
he became commander of an army and led Prussian forces to victory over the
Austrians at the Battle of Sadová (also known as Sadowa) in 1866, which
terminated the Seven Weeks' War. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and
1871, Frederick commanded the armies of the southern German states,
participating in the Battle of Sedan and the siege of Paris, France.
A man of learning and culture, Frederick patronized art and literature and
encouraged the work of the royal museums. As Crown Prince Frederick William,
he was genially called "Our Fritz" by the German people, most of whom
anticipated with pleasure his accession to the throne. Frederick became ill,
however, in 1887 and lived only three months after succeeding to the throne on
his father's death in 1888. He was in turn succeeded by his son, William II. 1840 - 1901 Victoria Adelaide 60 60 Christian names also Mary Louisa. Known as Adelaide. 1797 - 1888 William I 90 90 William I (of Germany and Prussia), full name WILHELM FRIEDRICH LUDWIG
(1797-1888), emperor of Germany (1871-88) and king of Prussia (1861-88), who
reigned during the unification of Germany under the Prussian crown.
William was born on March 22, 1797, in Berlin, the second son of Frederick
William III of Prussia and his queen Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He
entered the Prussian army in 1807 and served in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1829
he married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, by whom he had two children. Upon the
accession of his childless brother Frederick William IV in 1840, William
became heir presumptive to the Prussian throne. In 1858, after the king was
declared insane, William became regent, and three years later he succeeded to
the throne. A firm believer in the divine right of kings, he declared at his
coronation that he "ruled by favor of God, and of no one else."
In 1862 William appointed the Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck his chief
minister. Subsequently they embarked upon a program of unifying the German
states under Prussian leadership. Their policies involved Prussia in war with
Denmark in 1864 and with Austria in 1866. In 1867, after the defeat of
Austria, William became head of the newly established North German
Confederation. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he took personal
command at the decisive Battle of Sedan. He was proclaimed German emperor in
the palace at Versailles on January 18, 1871, while his troops were laying
siege to the city of Paris.
During his reign William firmly supported the militarism espoused by Bismarck
as well as the latter's antidemocratic and anti-Catholic policies. Two
attempts to assassinate the emperor were made in 1878; on the second occasion
he was seriously wounded. On his death in Berlin on March 9, 1888, his son
Frederick William succeeded him as Frederick III. 1770 - 1840 Frederick William 69 69 He was the son of Frederick William II, born in Potsdam. He was given
military training in his youth and from 1792 to 1794 fought against France
during the French Revolution. In 1797 he succeeded to the throne and set
about rebuilding the economy and the army, which had suffered during the
reign of his father. He kept Prussia neutral in the Napoleonic Wars until
1805, when persuaded by Russia and the aroused spirit of his people, he
joined the Grand Alliance against France. Prussia was defeated at Jena and
Auerstadt in 1806. By the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, various Prussian
territories were ceded to France. Through the efforts of the administrators
the Prussian army was reconstituted between 1807 and 1812 and participated
in the victorious campaigns against Napoleon from 1813 until 1815. In this
period Frederick William promised the Prussian people a constitution. At
the close of the war in 1815, however, he joined the Holy Alliance and
participated in the Alliance's repression of liberal movements in Europe.
Within Prussia, he accomplished the reorganization of parts of the
administrative system and consented to formation of the Zollverein, or
customs union. D. 1810 Louise Augusta Meckelburg- Strelitz Louise Augusta Wilhelmina Amalia, daughter of Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. {Burke's Peerage} 1744 - 1797 Frederick William 53 53 Frederick William II (1744-97), king of Prussia (1786-97), grandson of
Frederick William I and nephew of Frederick II, born in Berlin. He succeeded
to the throne in 1786 upon the death of his uncle. In 1792 he made an alliance
with Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor, to support Louis XVI of France in the
French Revolution. As a result of Frederick's participation in the ensuing
wars, he was forced in 1795 by the Treaty of Basel to cede to France Prussian
territories west of the Rhine River. He secured territory from Poland,
however, by participating in the Polish partitions of 1793 and 1795.
Influenced during his reign by the Rosicrucian order, of which he was a
member, he suppressed the ideas of the Enlightenment, imposing censorship on
religion, education, and the press. He lacked interest in military affairs and
allowed a supreme college of war to supervise the army, which declined
markedly during his reign. Through his own ineptitude and that of the
favorites he appointed to administrative positions, the treasury of Prussia
was bankrupted and the reputation of the country diminished by the end of his
reign. D. 1805 Frederica Louise Hesse- Darmstadt Daughter of Louis IX, Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt. {Burke's Peerage} 1722 - 1758 Augustus William Hohenzollern 35 35 D. 1780 Louis Amelia Brunswick- Woelfenbuttel Daughter of Ferdinand Albert, Duke of Brunswick-Woelfenbuttel. 1688 - 1740 Frederick William I 51 51 Frederick William I (1688-1740), king of Prussia (1713-40), who during his
reign made his kingdom into a major European state.
Frederick William was born on August 15, 1688, in Berlin, the son of King
Frederick I. He succeeded his father in 1713 and for the next seven years was
involved in a dispute with Sweden over Pomerania, a part of which he finally
received by the Treaty of Stockholm in 1720. In return for recognizing (1726)
the Pragmatic Sanction, by which Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria, was
given the Austrian Habsburg dominions, he hoped to gain support for his claim
to the Lower Rhine duchies of Jülich and Berg, but his expectations were
dashed.
Frederick William's greatest accomplishment was in the internal development of
Prussia. Contemptuous of the luxury of his father's reign, he instituted a
system of rigid and efficient economy at court and transferred public
financial administration from local governments to the central royal
authority. He was thus able to repay the debts incurred by his father and
greatly improve the financial condition of Prussia. He built up industry by
forbidding the importation of finished goods and the exportation of raw
materials, and directed the colonization of nonpopulous areas, especially in
East Prussia. He also instituted compulsory elementary education in Prussia.
The development of the army was his fondest achievement; he was particularly
proud of the Potsdam Guard, composed of exceptionally tall men hired, and
sometimes kidnapped, from all parts of Europe. Under his supervision the
number of soldiers in the army was increased from about 38,000 to some 83,500
and Prussia became the third ranking military power in Europe. Frederick
William died at Potsdam on May 31, 1740, and was succeeded by his son,
Frederick II, the Great. 1687 - 1757 Sophia Dorothea Hanover 70 70 1657 - 1713 Frederick I 55 55 Frederick I (of Prussia) (1657-1713), first king of Prussia (1701-13), and as
Frederick III, elector of Brandenburg (1688-1701), son of Frederick William,
the Great Elector, born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia).
Frederick endeavored to establish a court modeled on that of Louis XIV of
France. He wished to secure a royal title for himself, but could not do so as
ruler of Brandenburg, as the title king was forbidden to princes of the Holy
Roman Empire. Prussia, however, which was part of Frederick's domain, lay
outside the empire, and in 1701 Emperor Leopold I recognized Frederick as king
of Prussia in return for his military support in the War of the Spanish
Succession. Frederick crowned himself at Königsberg, expending vast sums of
money on his coronation. Although he depleted the public treasury during his
reign, he undertook some projects beneficial to the welfare of Prussia, such
as the establishment in 1694 of the University of Halle and the founding in
1707 of the Academy of Sciences, Berlin. He patronized scholars, including the
German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and encouraged
persecuted Protestants from other countries to settle in Prussia. 1668 - 1705 Sophia Charlotte Hanover 36 36 1620 - 1688 Frederick William 68 68 Frederick William (1620-1688), elector of Brandenburg (1640-1688), called the
Great Elector, who laid the foundations for a strong Prussia in the 18th
century.
The son of Elector George William, Frederick William was born in Berlin. He
succeeded to the electorate during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), when
Swedish forces were occupying Brandenburg. Concluding an armistice with
Sweden, he was able to repair some of the war's damage to the country. He
remained neutral until the Peace of Westphalia ended the war in 1648; by that
treaty he received eastern Pomerania, along the Baltic Sea, and some smaller
territories. Over the next 30 years, by alliances, wars, and systematic
strengthening of his army, Frederick William acquired more lands and power for
Brandenburg. In 1656, during the war between Sweden and Poland, he switched
his allegiance from Poland to Sweden and back to Poland in return for the
latter's recognition of his suzerainty over East Prussia, until then a Polish
dependency. In the Treaty of Oliva of 1660, France recognized his sovereignty
over the Duchy of Prussia. In 1675 he defeated invading Swedish forces at
Fehrbellin and conquered western Pomerania, long coveted for its important
seaports, but at the insistence of France, Sweden's ally, he relinquished the
territory at the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1679.
Frederick William centralized government administration by removing the
taxation of the estates and giving them to the government, and improved almost
every area of public affairs, especially industry and commerce. After he
revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, he admitted large numbers of Huguenots,
who used the technological skills they had acquired in France, to develop
Prussian industry. He also created the Prussian navy, founded colonies in
western Africa, and established the Royal Library in Berlin. When he died, he
left a well organized state for his son Frederick I. Augusta Of Saxe- Weimar 1847 - 1928 Dagmar (Marie) Of Denmark 81 81 1872 - 1918 Alix Of Hesse 46 46 1818 - 1881 Alexander II 63 63 Alexander II (of Russia) (1818-81), emperor of Russia (1855-81), son of
Emperor Nicholas I and nephew of Alexander I. He ascended the throne during
the Crimean War and in 1856 signed the Treaty of Paris, which brought the
hostilities to an end. After establishing committees to study the need for
reform, Alexander II abolished serfdom throughout Russia in 1861. He also
abolished corporal punishment, established local self-government, initiated
judicial reform, revised the educational system, and developed a system of
universal military service. Under his rule the administration of the police
was greatly improved, and military operations in Central Asia and in a war
with Turkey (1877-78) were highly successful. The Russian possessions in North
America, now constituting the state of Alaska, were sold to the United States
in 1867. Alexander was assassinated by a bomb thrown into his carriage by a
member of a revolutionary group, the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will). 1845 - 1894 Alexander III 49 49 Alexander III (of Russia) (1845-1894), emperor of Russia (1881-1894), who
ended the liberal reforms implemented by his father, Alexander II. In reaction
to the assassination of his father, Alexander restored much of the absolutism
of the reign of Nicholas I and sternly repressed all revolutionary agitation.
He tried to impose the Russian language on all of his subjects, persecuted the
Jews, and restricted education. His foreign policy was marked by a close union
with France in opposition to the Triple Alliance. Alexander was succeeded by
his son, Nicholas II, who was the last of the Russian czars. 1824 - 1880 Marie Of Hesse- Darmstadt 56 56 1868 - 1918 Nicholas II 50 50 Nicholas II (1868-1918), last emperor (czar) of Russia (1894-1917); one of the
major European leaders of the pre-World War I era, he was deposed by the
Russian Revolution of 1917.
The eldest son of Emperor Alexander III, Nicholas was born at Tsarskoye Selo
(now Pushkin). Educated privately, he was married in 1894 to Alix of
Hesse-Darmstadt, a German princess who took the name Alexandra when she
converted to Russian Orthodoxy. In the same year his father died, and he
succeeded to the throne. Believing firmly in his duty to preserve absolute
power in the Russian monarchy, he opposed any concessions to those favoring
more democracy in government, but had little talent for leadership himself.
By 1905, the people of Russia had little faith in Nicholas's leadership. The
defeat of the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 had strained the
Russian economy and Russian workers. In January 1905 Saint Petersburg was
paralyzed by strikes. When workers and their families marched to Nicholas's
home, the Winter Palace, to present their grievances to the czar, soldiers
fired into the crowd, giving the day the name "Bloody Sunday." Throughout
Russia strikes, demonstrations, violence, and rioting took place. The czar's
authority over the country was gone. Nicholas placed Sergei Witte in control
of the government. Witte had been the former minister of finance and was
largely responsible for the program of industrialization that Russia had
followed since the 1890s. He knew that the czar would either have to quell the
revolts with total repression or lead the reform movement. Nicholas agreed to
reform Russia from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy with an
elected assembly, the Duma. However, Nicholas manipulated the Duma to reduce
its effectiveness, still believing that he was responsible only to God. In
1906 Prime Minister Peter Stolypin introduced a land reform that would have
allowed the peasants to own the land they farmed. However, the reform was
never fully implemented, and the agricultural system in Russia faced many
problems, including overpopulation in cities, resistance to change, and lack
of technology. Stolypin repressed any signs of discontent with terror and
executions.
Between the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, the royal family began to rely on
the advice of a mystic named Rasputin. Rasputin had gained influence in the
royal court because he was able to help Alexis, the heir to the throne, who
suffered from hemophilia. Alexandra was so impressed by his abilities, she
kept him at court, and he became the most influential person in her entourage.
Because Nicholas was devoted to his wife and relied on her advice, he also was
influenced by Rasputin. By 1911 Rasputin had appointed many of the high
government officials, and most of his appointees were incapable. He was
notorious throughout the country for his bizarre and flamboyant lifestyle. The
royal family's close connection with Rasputin further alienated the monarchy
from the Russian people.
An advocate of international cooperation, Nicholas supported the Hague
Conferences in 1899 and 1907, which created the Permanent Court of Arbitration
and formulated rules for the humane conduct of war, but failed to check
Europe's growing arms race. Despite his personally friendly relations with his
cousin, William II of Germany, their two countries were on opposite sides when
World War I broke out in 1914.
Russia was unprepared for the war; there were shortages of ammunition and of
officers to command the soldiers, as well as problems transporting food
throughout Russia. After 1915, when Nicholas assumed personal command of the
army, military failures were blamed on him, further damaging his reputation.
In addition, while he was away from the royal court, his wife and Rasputin
were in charge of internal affairs, which angered the people. Nicholas was
forced to abdicate the throne after the Russian Revolution of March 1917, and
Russia became a democratic republic. Nicholas and his family were held captive
by the Bolsheviks until July 16, 1918, when they all were executed. D. 1751 Louisa 1723 - 1766 Frederick V 42 42 Frederick V (1723-66), king of Denmark and Norway (1746-66), son and successor
of Christian VI. Little interested in the affairs of state, he left control of
the government largely to his foreign minister, Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von
Bernstorff, who served Frederick in that capacity from 1751 until 1770.
Frederick was a patron of learning. He founded a military academy in Soro,
Denmark, and established schools in Bergen and Trondheim, Norway, for the
education of Laplanders. In Copenhagen he established academies of printing
and sculpture. During Frederick's reign, trade in Asia and the Americas was
stimulated and the national wealth was increased. 1699 - 1746 Christian Vi 46 46 D. 1775 Caroline Matilda 1749 - 1808 Christian Vii 59 59 1768 - 1839 Frederick Vi 71 71 Frederick VI (1768-1839), king of Denmark (1808-39) and of Norway (1808-14),
born in Copenhagen, the son and successor of Christian VII. He was made head
of the state council in 1784, when his father became insane, and acted as
regent until Christian's death in 1808. Aided by Count Andreas Peter
Bernstorff, Frederick instituted such reforms as civil rights for Jews, the
abolition of the slave trade, and freedom of the press. In 1800, because of
British failure to respect the rights of free ships during the French
Revolution, Frederick joined the armed neutrality of the northern European
states formed against Great Britain by Russia, Sweden, and Prussia. As a
result, all Danish vessels in British ports were seized; in the next year,
when Frederick refused to withdraw from the neutrality convention, the Danish
fleet was virtually destroyed by the British navy under Lord Horatio Nelson.
Although Denmark remained neutral, Frederick continued to stand firm against
the British during the Napoleonic Wars, and the British bombarded Copenhagen
in 1807. In that year Frederick became an ally of Napoleon. When Napoleon was
defeated in 1814, Frederick was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden under the
Treaty of Kiel. The war left his country bankrupt, and Frederick devoted
several years to the restoration of financial order. Toward the end of his
reign he yielded to the demand for constitutional government and consented to
the establishment of provincial councils. 1766 - 1828 Charlotte Hanover 62 62 1754 - 1816 Frederick I 62 62 Frederick I (of Württemberg) (1754-1816), king of Württemberg (1806-16). As
Frederick II he was duke of Württemberg from 1797 to 1805. He fought against
France during the early phase of the Napoleonic Wars and lost part of his
duchy in 1801. Frederick later supported Napoleon, who by 1805 restored to
Frederick the lost territory and increased the size of his dukedom. With
Napoleon's permission, Frederick proclaimed himself King Frederick I in 1806.
After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, Frederick shifted
sides again and joined the allied coalition against France. 1781 - 1864 William I 83 83 William I (of Württemberg) (1781-1864), king of Württemberg (1816-64), son of
Frederick William Charles, duke of Württemberg, later King Frederick I, born
in Lüben, Silesia (now Lubin, Poland). In 1814-15 William commanded an allied
army corps in the last phase of the Napoleonic Wars. After he ascended the
throne, he proved to be a progressive ruler, and in 1819 he granted a liberal
constitution that abolished serfdom and class privileges and encouraged
education and industry. He defended the rights of the small German states
against Austrian and Prussian aggression and championed Germanic union.
Between 1828 and 1830 William worked for the formation of the German
Zollverein, or customs union. After 1848 fear of Prussian power led him
gradually into an alliance with Austria. 1577 - 1648 Christian IV 70 70 Christian IV (1577-1648), king of Denmark and Norway (1588-1648), the son of
Frederick II. His first years on the throne were dominated by regents, but
after 1596 he ruled in his own right. An independent but not always judicious
ruler, he was above all a man of action. He built up the Danish navy,
encouraged industry and commerce, established a regular postal service, and
founded a series of new towns; as a builder he left a lasting mark on
Copenhagen. His foreign ventures were less fortunate. Despite personal
bravery, he was an undistinguished military leader, and his war against Sweden
from 1611 to 1613 succeeded in halting Swedish expansion into northern Norway
mainly because the Swedes were otherwise engaged. His participation in the
Thirty Years' War was disastrous, although he managed to win a lenient peace
at Lübeck in 1629. Even worse was the second war with Sweden (1643-45) in
which Denmark lost forever considerable territories in the Scandinavian
Peninsula and the Baltic. 1609 - 1670 Frederick III 60 60 Frederick III (of Denmark and Norway) (1609-70), king of Denmark and Norway
(1648-70), born in Haderslev, Denmark, the second son of King Christian IV. He
became king in 1648 after he signed a charter greatly restricting the royal
authority. But the power of the nobles was soon undermined by charges of
improper self-enrichment against their leaders, many of whom were forced to
leave the country. In 1657 Frederick began a war against Sweden to regain
provinces lost by his father. He was defeated and in 1658 signed the Treaty of
Roskilde, ceding a portion of Norway and some Danish islands to Sweden.
Shortly after the conclusion of peace the Swedes reopened the war and besieged
Copenhagen. With aid from the German region of Brandenburg, the Danes expelled
the Swedes from the Jylland (Jutland) Peninsula. In 1660, however, deserted by
his allies, Frederick was obliged to make peace, relinquishing all claims to
the territories possessed by Denmark in southern Sweden. In that year both the
commons and the clergy agreed to the transformation of the kingship from an
elective to an absolute and hereditary monarchy. 1646 - 1699 Christian V 53 53 1671 - 1730 Frederick IV 59 59 Frederick IV (1671-1730), king of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730), son of
Christian V. In 1700 Frederick allied himself with Russia and Poland in the
Great Northern War against Sweden, but he was soon compelled by Charles XII,
king of Sweden, to withdraw from the conflict and to promise not to reenter
it. After the defeat of Charles at Poltava (now in Ukraine) in 1709, however,
Frederick again declared war on Sweden, subsequently taking the German duchy
of Schleswig and participating with the Poles in the invasion of the Swedish
portion of Pomerania. By treaty in 1720 Frederick agreed to return to Sweden
all conquests made in the war, except for Schleswig. Among the accomplishments
of his reign was the freeing of the peasants from serfdom in 1702. 1503 - 1565 Ferdinand I 62 62 Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Empire) (1503-64), Holy Roman emperor (1558-64), king
of Bohemia (1526-64), and king of Germany (1531-64). The son of Philip I, king
of Castile, and Joanna the Mad, queen of Castile, he was born on March 10,
1503, at Alcalá de Henares, Spain. In 1521, he became governor of the duchy of
Württemberg and of the Habsburg hereditary lands, where he sought to check the
spread of the Reformation. When his brother-in-law, King Louis II of Hungary,
died in 1526, Ferdinand claimed through his wife the thrones of Bohemia and
Hungary. He was crowned king by the Bohemians early in 1527. Although crowned
almost simultaneously in Hungary, he was rejected there by the nobles, who
were led by John I Zápolya and supported by the Turks. A long series of
indecisive wars ensued against the Ottoman Turks and the forces of John I and
his son, John II. A truce finally concluded in 1562 gave Ferdinand sovereignty
over a small part of Hungary, for which he was obliged to pay tribute to the
Turks.
Meanwhile, in 1531, Ferdinand had been elected king of Germany as a reward for
his loyalty to his brother, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Good relations
between the brothers, however, did not continue because Charles reserved the
imperial crown for his son Philip, later King Philip II of Spain, instead of
for Ferdinand. Friendly feeling was restored in 1555, largely because
Ferdinand successfully arranged the Treaty of Passau in 1552 and the peace of
Augsburg in 1555. On Charles's abdication in 1556 of the Spanish crown, Philip
was made king of Spain, while Ferdinand assumed the duties of emperor; he was
not crowned, however, until after Charles's formal abdication as emperor in
1558. Subsequently Ferdinand attempted to effect a reunion of Roman Catholics
and Protestants but failed because he insisted that bishops retain their
secular authority. He died on July 25, 1564, in Vienna. 1527 - 1576 Maximilian II 49 49 Maximilian II, b.  July 31, 1527, d.  Oct.  12, 1576 was Holy Roman emperor
(1564-76) and king of Bohemia (1562-76) and Hungary (1563-76).  The nephew of
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the eldest son of Ferdinand I, Maximilian was
educated in Spain.  Before his succession was assured, he and his father had
to resolve a Habsburg family dispute over the order of succession.  It was
finally agreed that Maximilian rather than Charles's son, Philip II of Spain,
would succeed Ferdinand as emperor.

Maximilian disliked Spain and all it stood for;  he leaned toward Lutheranism
but agreed to remain a Roman Catholic in order to safeguard his succession.
As emperor he advocated compromise and kept a balance between the two
confessions.  He refused to invest Protestant administrators of bishoprics
with the fiefs that the Protestant princes of Germany tried to give them.  At
the same time, he allowed the nobility of the Austrian duchies and of his
kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary freedom of worship.  This toleration was the
more necessary as he needed their support against the Turks, who continued to
threaten his empire.

Maximilian did not extend imperial authority nor was he successful against the
Turks but he maintained his crowns and possessions as well as peace in the
empire.  In 1573 he was offered the throne of Poland, but the proposal
collapsed because of some Polish opposition.  Maximilian was succeeded by his
son Rudolf II. 1552 - 1612 Rudolf II 59 59 Rudolf II (1552-1612), Holy Roman emperor (1576-1612), king of Hungary
(1572-1608), and king of Bohemia (1575-1611), born in Vienna, the son and
successor of Emperor Maximilian II. Rudolf's ability to rule was impaired by
frequent fits of insanity and by a passionate interest in science, to which he
devoted most of his time. He was the patron of the Danish astronomer Tycho
Brahe and the German astronomer Johannes Kepler. His sanction of religious
persecution aroused bitter discontent, and in 1604 an insurrection broke out
in Hungary. By 1608 Rudolf's brother Matthias had assumed control of both
Hungary and Bohemia, and in 1609 Rudolf was compelled to grant a charter of
religious liberties to the Bohemians. 1557 - 1619 Matthias 62 62 Matthias, b.  Feb.  24, 1557, d.  Mar.  20, 1619, was Holy Roman emperor
(1612-19), king of Hungary (1608-18), and king of Bohemia (1611-17).  As the
third son of Emperor Maximilian II, he for a long time had no dominions to
rule;  he had great ambition but little political capacity.  In 1577, Matthias
accepted the invitation of the States-General of the Netherlands to become
governor-general, but he became a pawn in Netherlands power politics and
resigned in 1581.  Between 1605 and 1611 he led the opposition to his elder
brother Rudolf II, whom he succeeded on the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia
and, later, as emperor.  Unable to cope with the Bohemian Protestant rebellion
of 1618, which initiated the Thirty Years' War, Matthias was pushed aside as
king of Bohemia and Hungary by his cousin Ferdinand, who succeeded him as
Emperor Ferdinand II on his death. Karl Of Styria Marie Of Bavaria 1578 - 1637 Ferdinand II 58 58 Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Empire) (1578-1637), Holy Roman emperor (1619-1637),
king of Bohemia (1617-1619), and king of Hungary (1621-1625). He was born in
Graz, Austria, the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I, and was educated by
Jesuits, from whom he acquired a deep antipathy toward Protestantism. In 1618,
in protest against Ferdinand's efforts to restore Catholicism, Bohemian rebels
threw two of Ferdinand's ministers out of a window. This incident, known as
the Defenestration of Prague, was the immediate cause of the Thirty Years'
War. The Bohemians replaced Ferdinand with Frederick V, elector of the Rhenish
Palatinate. Ferdinand, as a Habsburg, became Holy Roman emperor in 1619 and,
allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the
Battle of White Mountain in 1620. He deposed Frederick and sent him into
exile. Ferdinand was waging war simultaneously against a force of Hungarian
Protestants led by Gabriel Bethlen. Following his victory Ferdinand negotiated
with Bethlen and secured the title of king of Hungary. The imperial forces,
commanded by the count of Tilly and Albrecht von Wallenstein, were successful
in the war against the Protestant forces in Germany in 1625.
By 1627 Ferdinand had outlawed all religions but Roman Catholicism and had
banished the Protestant laity and clergy from Bohemia. In 1629 the Edict of
Restitution empowered the Roman Catholic church to recover all property seized
by Protestants since the Treaty of Passau had imposed a religious settlement
on Germany in 1552. The edict, however, alienated some of Ferdinand's allies,
and this, together with the assumption of Protestant King Gustav II Adolph of
Sweden and the assassination of Wallenstein, weakened the imperial authority.
Although his armies won the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, Ferdinand was unable
to carry out his plan to repress Protestantism throughout the empire. The
termination of the Thirty Years' War was left to his son Ferdinand III. 1605 - 1665 Philip IV 60 60 Philip IV (of Spain, Naples, and Sicily) (1605-65), king of Spain, Naples, and
Sicily (1621-65), and, as Philip III, king of Portugal (1621-40), the eldest
son of Philip III, king of Spain, born in Valladolid. A weak ruler, like his
father, he entrusted the administration of affairs to others, initially to his
prime minister, Gaspar de Guzmán, conde de Olivares. During Philip's reign the
political and economic decline of Spain was accelerated by exhausting wars
with Portugal, the Netherlands, and France and by the policy of supporting the
Habsburg cause in Germany during the Thirty Years' War. His reign was marked
by the loss of Portugal in 1640, by revolt in Catalonia from 1640 to 1653, and
by a rebellion in Naples in 1647. By the Peace of Westphalia (1648), Spain was
forced to recognize the independence of the United Provinces of the
Netherlands, which consisted of the seven northern provinces. In 1659 Spain
ceded Roussillon and part of the Spanish Netherlands to France under the terms
of the Peace of the Pyrenees. A patron of arts and letters, Philip encouraged
the work of the painter Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, the dramatist
Lope de Vega, and the poet Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Isabella D. 1683 Marie Th‚ršsa 1661 - 1711 Louis De France 50 50 1683 - 1746 Philip V 62 62 Philip V (of Spain) (1683-1746), king of Spain (1700-46), during whose reign
French ideas prevailed at his court, and French institutions were introduced
into Spain. The first of the Spanish Bourbons, he was the grandson of Louis
XIV, king of France, and the son of the dauphin Louis de France, born in
Versailles, France. Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, dying without
issue, bequeathed Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and his Italian possessions
to Philip, then duke of Anjou, in 1700.
Philip's accession, by uniting the French and Spanish thrones in the same
family, threatened to disturb the balance of power in Europe. This resulted in
the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14), in which France and Spain were
matched against an alliance formed by England, the Netherlands, Austria, and
several of the German states and subsequently joined by Portugal and Savoy.
The Peace of Utrecht secured the throne of Spain to Philip but stripped Spain
of Sicily, which passed to Savoy; the Spanish Netherlands, which passed to
Sardinia; and Milan and Naples, which passed to Austria. Philip attempted to
regain the lands in Italy that he had lost, and war ensued from 1718 to 1720
against the Quadruple Alliance of Great Britain, France, Austria, and the
Netherlands. Through this war and also through the War of the Polish
Succession (1733-35) and War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48), Philip
gained territory for his sons. In January 1724 he abdicated in favor of his
eldest son, but after his son's death the following August he resumed the
crown. Philip was dominated by his wife, Isabella Farnese, and in the last
decades of his life he was mentally incompetent. 1688 - 1714 Maria Louisa Of Savoy 26 26 1713 - 1759 Ferdinand Vi 'the Learned" 45 45 Ferdinand VI, called The Learned (1713-59), king of Spain (1746-59). He was
the son of King Philip V. Although he was the first Ferdinand of the united
kingdom of Spain, he numbered himself after Ferdinand V, king of Castile.
Ferdinand VI abandoned the old Spanish policy of foreign entanglements and
kept Spain neutral during the early part of the Seven Years' War. He also
promoted internal welfare by encouraging industry, and he reorganized the
navy. 1692 - 1766 Isabella Farnese 73 73 Farnese, Isabella (1692-1766), queen of Spain (1714-46). A niece of the
Italian prince Francesco Farnese, duke of Parma, Isabella married King Philip
V of Spain in 1714 and had a major influence on Spanish policy for more than
three decades. In collaboration with her uncle and his agent, Giulio Alberoni,
she used Spanish power to reduce Austrian influence in Italy and to win
Italian territories for her sons. Initially blocked by an alliance among
Austria, France, and Great Britain, Isabella eventually succeeded in gaining
the kingdom of the Two Sicilies for her son Charles (later Charles III of
Spain) and the duchy of Parma for her son Philip. 1716 - 1788 Charles III 72 72 Charles III (of Spain) (1716-88), king of Spain (1759-88) and, as Charles IV,
king of the Two Sicilies (1734-59). He was the son of Philip V, king of Spain.
Charles became duke of Parma in 1731. In that capacity he conquered the
kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which he ruled as Charles IV. During his rule of
Spain, Charles promoted agriculture and commerce, established military
academies, strengthened the navy, reformed the fiscal administration, curbed
the Inquisition, and expelled the Jesuits. His friendship with France and
hostility toward Great Britain led to the alliance in support of the American
Revolution. 1748 - 1819 Charles IV 70 70 Charles IV (of Spain) (1748-1819), king of Spain (1788-1808). He was the son
of Charles III. His wife, Princess Maria Louisa of Parma, and ministers,
especially Manuel de Godoy, his wife's paramour, profoundly influenced Spanish
foreign policy during his reign. Consequently, Spain became involved
disastrously in the Wars of the French Revolution (1792-95) and was forced to
cede (1800) to France the territory of Louisiana in America. In addition, the
Spanish navy was destroyed (1805) at Trafalgar, and the French under Napoleon
invaded Spain two years later. In 1808 Napoleon deposed Charles and made
Joseph Bonaparte king of Spain. Charles spent the rest of his life in Rome. Maria Luisa Of Parma Carlos 1784 - 1833 Ferdinand Vii 48 48 Ferdinand VII (1784-1833), king of Spain (1808 and 1814-1833), whose reign was
one of the most disastrous in Spanish history.
Born in the Escorial, near Madrid, Ferdinand was the son of Charles IV. He
opposed the powerful Spanish minister Manuel de Godoy, who, after the death of
Ferdinand's first wife in 1806, tried to force him to marry a daughter of the
late Louis XVI of France. When Ferdinand instead proposed to a niece of
Napoleon, Godoy persuaded Charles to arrest his son for plotting to overthrow
him. Napoleon used the situation as an excuse to invade Spain. When a mob
stormed the royal palace, demanding the death of Godoy, the king, wholly
dependent on his minister, abdicated in favor of Ferdinand. Napoleon, however,
had other plans. Intending the Spanish crown for his brother, Joseph
Bonaparte, he invited Ferdinand to France, where he imprisoned Ferdinand and
forced him to return the throne to his father. Charles IV then obsequiously
presented the Spanish crown to Napoleon. Ferdinand remained a prisoner until
1814, when Napoleon, after the Peninsular War, realized that Spain was lost to
him. He then released Ferdinand, who reascended the throne in 1814.
Ferdinand's rule was harsh and oppressive. In 1814 he revoked the liberal
constitution of 1812 and ruled for the next six years as an absolute monarch.
In 1820, after several revolts, a full-scale revolution broke out, instigated
by liberal elements and aided by the army. The constitution of 1812 was
restored and Ferdinand was imprisoned. In 1823, however, Louis XVIII of France
sent a powerful French army to Spain, which restored Ferdinand to the throne.
In 1829 Ferdinand married his fourth wife, Maria Christina of Naples. Under
her influence he abolished the pragmatic sanction of the Salic Law, which
forbade the succession of a woman to the throne. This act gave the throne to
Ferdinand's daughter Isabella instead of to his brother, Don Carlos. On
Ferdinand's death in Madrid, Isabella II, was proclaimed queen, with her
mother, Maria Christina, as regent. Isabella's succession led to years of
civil war.
During Ferdinand's reign, Spain lost its colonies in North and South America
(except for Cuba and Puerto Rico) and suffered great loss of prestige as a
European power. 1806 - 1878 Maria Cristina 72 72 1830 - 1904 Isabella II 73 73 Isabella II (1830-1904), queen of Spain, (1833-68), the daughter of King
Ferdinand VII by his fourth wife, born in Madrid. She was made heir apparent
by a decree that set aside the Salic Law forbidding the succession of a woman,
and ascended the throne on the death of her father in 1833, her mother Maria
Christina being appointed queen regent. An insurrection in favor of her uncle,
Don Carlos, raged with great violence until the Carlists were defeated in
1839. In 1846 the queen married her cousin, Don Francisco de Asís. From the
time she was declared of age in 1843, Isabella's reign was troubled by
intrigues, civil strife, and great political instability. Deposed in the
Revolution of 1868, she escaped to France. In 1870 Isabella abdicated in favor
of her son, Alfonso, who eventually succeeded to the throne in 1875 as Alfonso
XII. 1608 - 1657 Ferdinand III 48 48 Ferdinand III (Holy Roman Empire) (1608-1657), Holy Roman emperor (1637-1657),
king of Hungary (1625-1657), and king of Bohemia (1627-1657). He was born in
Graz, Austria, the son of Emperor Ferdinand II. He was educated by Jesuits and
was a noted scholar and musician. Two years after being crowned king of
Hungary, Ferdinand was made king of Bohemia. He became the nominal commander
of the imperial armies fighting the Thirty Years' War after the Austrian
general Albrecht von Wallenstein was assassinated in 1634. In that capacity he
headed the forces that defeated the Swedes at Nördlingen later in the year.
Ferdinand became Holy Roman emperor upon his father's death in 1637. He was
willing to end the Thirty Years' War but he did not want to proceed without
his ally, Spain. He refused to accept the proposal made by the diet of
Regensburg in 1640 for a general amnesty to Protestants. In 1648, however, he
signed the Peace of Westphalia, which decreed that the prevailing religion in
each part of the empire should be determined by the ruler of that part. This
solution was based on the Peace of Augsbury (1555), which helped to resolve
religious conflict by recognizing Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism and
allowing states to decide which religion could be practiced. The Peace of
Westphalia considerably weakened the Holy Roman Empire because it recognized
the sovereignty and independence of the individual states. Because Ferdinand
was a Roman Catholic, and his religion was permitted by the terms of the peace
to dominate in his hereditary dominions, the Protestants there were not
accorded religious freedom. In 1656 he dispatched an army to Italy to aid
Spain against France and in the following year entered into an alliance with
Poland against Sweden. 1640 - 1705 Leopold I 64 64 Leopold I (Holy Roman Empire) (1640-1705), Holy Roman emperor (1658-1705),
king of Bohemia (1656-1705), and king of Hungary (1655-87), who extended the
Habsburg possessions, created a standing imperial army, and consolidated the
central Austrian administration. He was born in Vienna, the son of Emperor
Ferdinand III. His reign was marked by wars, particularly against the Ottoman
Turks and France. The first war against the Turks was concluded by a
compromise in 1664, but when the Turks besieged Vienna in 1683, they were
defeated by John III Sobieski of Poland, leading the combined Polish and
imperial forces. Leopold's general, Prince Eugene of Savoy, finally defeated
the Turks at Senta in 1697, and the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) acknowledged
Habsburg control over virtually all Hungary.
Leopold's wars with France were less successful. The first ended in the Treaty
of Nijmegen (1679), which enhanced Louis XIV's power. Leopold later joined the
League of Augsburg and the Grand Alliance against France. Peace was ultimately
made by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697), but four years later Leopold was again
embroiled with France in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). He did
not, however, live to see it to a conclusion; he died on May 5, 1705, and was
succeeded by his son, Joseph I. Mariana Of Austria 1661 - 1700 Charles II 38 38 Charles II (of Spain) (1661-1700), king of Spain (1665-1700). He was the son
of Philip IV. Spain was controlled by a regency during the decade of his
minority and then alternately by French or Austrian factions in his court.
During his reign Spain rapidly declined as an international power. Charles
willed the throne to Philip of Anjou, the grandson of Louis XIV of France,
thus precipitating the War of the Spanish Succession. 1678 - 1711 Joseph I 32 32 Joseph I (1678-1711), Holy Roman emperor (1705-11). The eldest son of Emperor
Leopold I, Joseph was crowned king of Hungary in 1687 and succeeded to the
imperial throne and that of Bohemia when his father died. He continued the War
of the Spanish Succession, begun by Leopold, against Louis XIV of France, in a
fruitless attempt to make his brother Charles (later Charles VI, Holy Roman
emperor) king of Spain; in the process, however, owing to the victories won by
his military commander, Prince Eugene of Savoy, he did succeed in establishing
Austrian hegemony over Italy. Joseph also had to contend with a protracted
revolt in Hungary, fomented by Louis XIV. Neither conflict was resolved until
after his death. 1685 - 1740 Charles Vi 55 55 Charles VI (Holy Roman Empire) (1685-1740), Holy Roman emperor (1711-1740)
and, as Charles III, king of Hungary (1712-1740), the son of Holy Roman
Emperor Leopold I, born in Vienna. When Charles II, king of Spain, died
childless in 1700, Leopold proclaimed his son king of Spain in opposition to
Duke Philip of Anjou, who had been willed the Spanish throne. Philip became
king as Philip V and thus precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession
(1701-1714). Charles had numerous allies and Philip was aided only by France,
but after alternate successes and reverses Charles renounced his claim to
Spain in the treaties of Rastatt and Baden (1714). In 1711 Charles had
succeeded his brother Joseph I as Holy Roman emperor; in 1713 he issued the
Pragmatic Sanction to secure the succession of his daughter Maria Theresa in
the event that he should die without a male heir. In 1716 the emperor renewed
an alliance with Venice and entered into successful warfare against the Turks,
with the help of his able general, Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the 1718 Treaty
of Passarowitz, Charles gained control of parts of Serbia and Walachia. In
1733, he engaged unsuccessfully in the War of the Polish Succession. Under the
Treaty of Vienna, which terminated the war in 1735 (but was not ratified until
1738), Charles ceded the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily to Spain in exchange
for the duchies of Parma and Piacenza. During a second war with the Turks from
1737 to 1739, Charles lost most of the territory he had won in 1718. He was
succeeded by Maria Theresa, but her right to the throne was contested in the
War of the Austrian Succession. 1717 - 1780 Maria Theresa 63 63 Maria Theresa (1717-80), archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and
Bohemia (1740-80), who strengthened and unified the Austrian monarchy in the
18th century. Born in Vienna on May 13, 1717, she was the daughter of Holy
Roman Emperor Charles VI. In 1736 she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine
(later Holy Roman Emperor Francis I), and the couple eventually had 16
children, including two future emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II, and Marie
Antoinette, later queen of France.

Succession and Rule
Charles VI's efforts to guarantee Maria Theresa's succession as ruler of the
Habsburg dominions led to the War of the Austrian Succession (see Austrian
Succession, War of the). The war lost her Austrian Silesia, but she was able
to retain her other dominions, and in 1745 she acquired the title of Holy
Roman emperor for her husband. In the years after the war Maria Theresa
accomplished sweeping internal reforms that strengthened her central
administration and revitalized the army. With her state chancellor, Wenzel
Anton von Kaunitz, she also drastically reordered Austria's foreign policy,
abandoning the traditional alignment with Great Britain in favor of
collaboration with France and Russia against Prussia. After trying without
success to reconquer Silesia in the Seven Years' War (1756-63), she turned to
a more pacific policy. On the advice of Kaunitz and her son Joseph, however,
she participated in the first partition of Poland (1772), thereby acquiring
Galicia.
After Francis's death in 1765 Maria Theresa recognized Joseph as coregent but
retained ultimate authority for herself. She largely resisted her son's
desires for further internal reforms, although she did abolish serfdom on
crown lands. Often pondering abdication, she always demurred because she
considered Joseph too rash, particularly in his religious policies. She died
on November 29, 1780, in Vienna.

Evaluation
Pious and faithful but unfriendly toward the Enlightenment, Maria Theresa has
often been dismissed as a traditional dynast. Her actions derived from a
conviction that she held a trust from God and from a maternalistic conception
of her responsibilities. She was, however, intensely pragmatic, conscious of
the obligations of power, and a shrewd judge of her ministers. 1708 - 1765 Francis I 56 56 Francis I (Holy Roman Empire), originally Francis Stephen (1708-65), Holy
Roman emperor (1745-65), born in Nancy in the duchy of Lorraine, and educated
in Vienna. The son of Leopold, duke of Lorraine (reigned 1697-1729), Francis
succeeded his father in 1729, but ceded Lorraine in 1737 to Stanislas I
Leszczynski, king of Poland, in exchange for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Francis married Maria Theresa, archduchess of Austria, in 1736 and with her
ruled (1740-45) the Habsburg hereditary dominions. In 1745, through the
influence of his wife, he became Holy Roman emperor. Francis took little
active part, however, in government, leaving that to Maria Theresa. From the
time of their marriage, the Austrian dynasty became known as the house of
Habsburg-Lorraine. 1755 - 1793 Marie Antoinette 37 37 Marie Antoinette (1755-93), queen consort (1774-92) of Louis XVI of France;
her unpopularity helped discredit the monarchy in the period before the French
Revolution.
Born in Vienna on November 2, 1755, Marie Antoinette was one of the daughters
of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. Her marriage (1770)
to Louis, the heir to the French throne, was intended to cement an alliance
between France and her parents' dynasty, the Habsburgs of Austria. She and her
husband had a daughter and two sons after he succeeded to the throne in 1774.
Disliked by the French as a foreigner, she made herself more unpopular by her
devotion to the interests of Austria, the bad reputations of some of her
friends, and her extravagance, which was mistakenly blamed for the financial
problems of the French government. Especially damaging was her supposed
connection with the so-called Diamond Necklace affair (see Diamond Necklace,
Affair of the), a scandal involving the fraudulent purchase of some jewels
(1785).
After the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, Marie Antoinette sided with the
intransigents at court who opposed compromise with the moderate
revolutionaries, and began appealing for help to her brother, Holy Roman
Emperor Leopold II. Marie and Louis tried to escape from Paris with their
surviving son in 1791, but they were captured and brought back prisoners. In
1792 the monarchy was overthrown, and after the execution of the king and
separation from her son, she was sent before the revolutionary tribunal the
following year. Sentenced to death for treason, she was guillotined in Paris
on October 16, 1793. 1741 - 1790 Joseph II 48 48 Joseph II (1741-90), Holy Roman emperor (1765-90), who tried unsuccessfully to
reform and unify the Austrian Habsburg domains.
The eldest son of Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa, Joseph was born
in Vienna on March 13, 1741. He became emperor and coruler of the Austrian
lands with his mother when Francis died in 1765. During this period he worked
with state chancellor W. A. von Kaunitz to expand Habsburg power, acquiring
Galicia from Poland (1772) and Bukovina from Turkey (1775). His attempt to
annex Lower Bavaria, however, was thwarted by Frederick II (the Great) of
Prussia.
As sole ruler after Maria Theresa's death in 1780, Joseph embarked on a
thorough reform of church and state in accordance with the rational principles
of the 18th-century Enlightenment. He granted religious toleration to
Protestants, ended discriminatory laws against Jews, and drastically
reorganized the predominant Roman Catholic church, closing many monasteries,
subjecting the education of priests to state control, and limiting the power
of the pope to intervene in Austria. Joseph eliminated most forms of
censorship, freed the serfs, separated the executive from the judiciary, and
promulgated a new law code. To unify the administration of the various
Habsburg realms, he abolished numerous organs of local government and tried to
impose the German language on his Hungarian and Slavic subjects. In foreign
affairs Joseph maintained close ties with Russia.
Joseph's reforms met with resistance in many quarters, and before his death in
Vienna on February 20, 1790, he was forced to rescind many of them. 1747 - 1792 Leopold II 44 44 Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire) (1747-92), Holy Roman emperor (1790-92), son of
Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa and brother of Emperor Joseph II and Queen
Marie Antoinette of France. He was born in Vienna. On the death of his father
in 1765, he became the grand duke of Tuscany. Imbued with the ideas of the
Enlightenment, he reformed the government of the grand duchy, dismantling
feudal institutions and rationalizing taxation and finances. In 1790 he
succeeded his brother as emperor. During his brief reign, his sister was
deposed by the French revolutionists, and he formed (1792) a military alliance
with Prussia against France. He was succeeded by his son Francis II. 1768 - 1835 Francis II 67 67 Francis II (Holy Roman Empire) (1768-1835), last Holy Roman emperor
(1792-1806) and, as Francis I, first emperor of Austria (1804-35). Born in
Florence, Italy, and educated in Vienna, he succeeded his father Leopold II as
Holy Roman emperor. From the start of his reign until 1815 Francis was
involved in the wars of the French Revolution and in the Napoleonic Wars.
After the extension of French control over western Germany and the
reorganization of the German states by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1803, Francis
consolidated his power in Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and northern Italy and
proclaimed himself emperor of Austria in 1804. Two years later he formally
dissolved the old Holy Roman Empire. As emperor of Austria, Francis gave
Prince Klemens von Metternich almost complete control of foreign affairs after
1809 and devoted himself to the internal administration of the empire. The
marriage of his daughter Marie Louise to Napoleon in 1810 earned for Francis
three peaceful years in which to re-create Austrian strength for participation
in the campaign that would bring about (1814-15) Napoleon's downfall. By the
decisions of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Francis recovered most of the
territory Austria had lost to Napoleon. The last 20 years of his reign were
marked by paternalistic measures, reactionary tendencies, and repression of
liberalism. 1822 - 1902 Don Francisco De Asis 80 80 1857 - 1885 Alfonso Xii 27 27 King Alfonso XII, b. Nov. 28, 1857, d. Nov. 25, 1885, is remembered for
bringing peace to Spain after years of civil war. Exiled with his mother,
Isabella II, in 1868 he returned as king in January 1875. His second wife,
Maria Cristina of Austria, bore him two daughters and a son (later Alfonso
XIII). Alfonso, a weak monarch, left politics to his premiers, especially
Antonio Canovas del Castillo (1828-97). During his reign the constitution of
1876 was enacted, the Carlists were defeated, and the Ten Years' War in Cuba
ended (1878) in a truce. 1858 - 1929 Maria Christina Of Austria 71 71 1886 - 1941 Alfonso Xiii 54 54 Alfonso XIII, king of Spain from 1886 to 1931, lost his throne because he
became too involved in politics. Born on May 17, 1886, a few months after his
father, Alfonso XII, had died, he was proclaimed king at birth, with his
mother Maria Cristina of Austria as regent. He grew up amid officers and
learned to love the army. In 1906 he married Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, a
granddaughter of Queen Victoria of Britain.

At age 16 Alfonso began to impose his views on his ministers. Because Spanish
political life was unstable and corrupt, his influence was often decisive.
During World War I he kept Spain strictly neutral. In 1921 he appointed his
friend Gen. Fernandez Silvestre to a high command in Morocco. When Silvestre
was defeated at Anual (1922) by Moroccan rebels under Abd-el-Krim, an
investigation revealed that the king had encouraged his general to move rashly
into the rebels' territory. To hide the scandal, Alfonso supported the 1923
coup d'etat of Gen. Miguel Primo de Rivera and the dictatorship that followed.


After Primo de Rivera left Spain in 1930, Alfonso tried to remain king, but
his popularity was damaged by his association with the dictator. A republican
landslide in municipal elections in 1931 convinced him that he should leave
Spain. Alfonso died on Feb. 28, 1941, having abdicated his rights to his third
son, Juan, whose son Juan Carlos was restored to the throne in 1975. 1754 - 1793 Louis Xvi 38 38 Louis XVI (1754-93), king of France (1774-92), who lost his throne in the
French Revolution and was later beheaded by the revolutionary regime.
Louis was born at Versailles on August 23, 1754, the grandson of Louis XV. The
deaths of his two elder brothers and of his father, only son of Louis XV, made
the young prince the Dauphin of France in 1765. In 1770 he married Marie
Antoinette, youngest daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. On
Louis's accession, France was impoverished and burdened with debts, and heavy
taxation had resulted in widespread misery among the French people.
Immediately after he was crowned, aided by such capable statesmen as Finance
Minister Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, baron de l'Aulne, Interior Minister
Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, and Foreign Minister Charles
Gravier, comte de Vergennes, Louis remitted some of the most oppressive taxes
and instituted financial and judicial reforms. Greater reforms were prevented,
however, by the opposition of the upper classes and the court. So strong was
this opposition that in 1776 Turgot was forced to resign and was replaced by
financier Jacques Necker.
After Louis granted financial aid (1778-81) to the American colonies revolting
against Great Britain in the New World, Necker proposed drastic taxes on the
nobility. He was forced to resign in 1781, and statesman Charles Alexandre de
Calonne, appointed finance minister in 1783, borrowed money for the court
until 1786, when the borrowing limit was reached. The anger of the French
people against taxes and the lavish spending of the court resulted in 1788 in
the recall of Necker, who, however, could not prevent the bankruptcy of the
government. In 1788 Louis was forced to call for a meeting of the
representative governmental body called the Estates-General, the first
gathering of that assembly in 175 years. Once in session, the Estates-General
assumed the powers of government. On July 14, 1789, the Parisian populace
razed the Bastille, and a short time later imprisoned the king and royal
family in the palace of the Tuileries. In 1791 the royal family attempted to
escape to Austria, but they were caught and brought back to Paris. Louis swore
obedience to the new French constitution in 1791, but continued secretly to
work against the revolution and to plot intrigues with France's enemies. In
1792, when the National Convention, the assembly of elected French deputies,
declared France a republic, the king was tried as a traitor and condemned to
death. Louis XVI was guillotined on January 21, 1793, in the Place de la
Révolution (now Place de la Concorde) in Paris.
Historians consider Louis XVI a victim of circumstances rather than a despot
similar to the former French kings Louis XIV and Louis XV. He was weak and
incapable as king and not overly intelligent. He preferred to spend his time
at hobbies, such as hunting and making locks, rather than at his duties of
state, and he permitted his wife to influence him unduly. 1785 - 1795 Louis Xvii 9 9 Louis XVII (1785-95), titular king of France (1793-95). The son and Dauphin
(heir) of King Louis XVI, eight-year-old Louis XVII was recognized as king by
French Royalists after his father's execution during the French Revolution.
According to official reports, he died of tuberculosis while a prisoner of the
Republican government in Paris. Many believed that he had escaped, however,
and more than 30 people later claimed to be the "Lost Dauphin." 1677 - 1766 Stanislas I 88 88 Stanislas I Leszczynski (1677-1766), king of Poland (1704-09; 1733-35). A
member of an influential old Polish noble family, Stanislas became king in
1704 with the support of Charles XII of Sweden, in opposition to Frederick
Augustus of Saxony (Augustus II of Poland, 1670-1733), who was backed by
Russia. In 1709, when the armies of Charles XII were defeated by the Russians,
Stanislas went into exile. His daughter Maria Leszczynska married Louis XV of
France in 1725. This alliance enabled Stanislas to obtain reelection to the
Polish throne when Augustus died in 1733. Russia and Austria intervened
against him, and despite French aid he was again expelled from Poland in 1735
(see Polish Succession, War of the). Stanislas was given the duchies of
Lorraine and Bar, and he maintained a royal court at Lunéville and Nancy until
his death. He was celebrated as a patron of learning and literature. 1710 - 1774 Louis Xv 64 64 Louis XV (1710-74), king of France (1715-74), whose failure to provide strong
leadership and badly needed reforms contributed to the crisis that brought on
the French Revolution.
Louis was born at Versailles on February 15, 1710, the great-grandson of Louis
XIV, whom he succeeded at the age of five. Philippe II, duc d'Orléans,
governed as regent until Louis reached his legal majority in 1723. In 1725 the
king married Maria Leszczynska, daughter of Stanislas I of Poland. The
following year he appointed his former tutor, André Hercule de Fleury, as
prime minister. Fleury gave France a stable administration until his death 17
years later. Thereafter Louis himself was in nominal control, but he took only
a sporadic interest in government and never followed any consistent policy at
home or abroad. He was frequently influenced by his mistresses, the most
powerful of whom was the marquise de Pompadour.
France was involved in three wars during Louis's reign. As a result of the
first, the War of the Polish Succession (1733-35), France gained the province
of Lorraine. The second, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48), which
marked the beginning of a colonial struggle with Great Britain, was
indecisive. In the last, the Seven Years' War (1756-63), France, crippled by
corruption and mismanagement, lost most of its overseas possessions to the
British. French foreign policy in this period was made chaotic by Louis's
"secret diplomacy," as his agents in other countries sometimes pursued aims
that were in conflict with those of his own ministers. The situation improved
somewhat in the 1760s, when a new minister, the duc de Choiseul, restored some
order to the government and tried to repair the damage done by the Seven
Years' War. In the last years of his reign, Louis cooperated with his
chancellor, René de Maupeou, in an effort to reform the country's inequitable
and inefficient system of taxation. In 1771 the parlements, or sovereign
courts, which had opposed reform, were reorganized and stripped of their power
to obstruct royal decrees. Measures were then implemented to tax the
previously exempt nobility and clergy, but these were reversed after the
king's death at Versailles on May 10, 1774. Louis XV's reported prophecy,
"After me, the deluge," was fulfilled in the overthrow of the French monarchy
less than two decades later. D. 1765 Louis Of France Only son of Louis XV. 1755 - 1824 Louis Xviii 68 68 Louis XVIII (1755-1824), king of France (1814-15, 1815-24); he ascended the
throne when the monarchy was restored after the overthrow of Napoleon and
ruled as a constitutional sovereign. Born in Versailles, he was the brother of
Louis XVI of France and in early life was known as the comte de Provence. He
remained in Paris after the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 but
escaped to Belgium two years later. After Louis XVI's execution in 1793 he
proclaimed himself regent, and after the death of his brother's heir, Louis
XVII, in 1795, he took the title Louis XVIII. He lived as an exile in various
European countries until he became king after Napoleon's first abdication in
1814. On Napoleon's return to power in 1815, however, Louis again fled to
Belgium; later the same year he was restored to the throne after Napoleon's
final defeat at Waterloo. The Charter, or constitution, that he promulgated in
1814 established a bicameral legislature, property qualifications for voters,
and limitations on freedom of the press. Beginning in 1816, Louis, influenced
by his liberal minister Élie Decazes, experimented with extending the
franchise and easing censorship. After 1820 he was increasingly dominated by
the reactionary Ultras, led by his brother, who succeeded to the throne as
Charles X on Louis's death. 1757 - 1836 Charles X 79 79 Charles X (1757-1836), king of France (1824-30). He was the grandson of Louis
XV and younger brother of kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII. Charles was known
as Charles Philippe, comte d'Artois, until he became king. During the French
Revolution he was one of the leaders of the émigrés. He subsequently lived
(1795-1814) in Great Britain. After the accession (1814) of Louis XVIII to the
French throne, Charles returned to France, where he headed the ultraroyalist
party of reaction. His favoritism during his reign toward the Roman Catholic
church and the aristocracy aroused great opposition, leading to the revolution
of July 1830. Charles was forced to abdicate and again went into exile in
Great Britain. Later he lived on the Continent. 1887 - 1969 Victoria Eugenia 82 82 Granddaughter of Queen Victoria of England. 1913 Don Juan Of Spain Third son. Living I Living Greece Living Carlos 1868 - 1923 Constantine I 54 54 Constantine I, b. Aug. 2, 1868, d. Jan. 11, 1923, became king of Greece in
March 1913 after the assassination of his father, George I. During World War I
he advocated the maintenance of Greece's neutrality and was accused of
pro-German sentiments by his political critics, led by Eleutherios Venizelos,
who favored Greek entry into the war on the side of Britain and France. In
June 1917 these two powers forced Constantine to abandon his throne to his
son, Alexander. Venizelos was reinstated as prime minister, and Greece soon
entered the war on the Allied side.

After the death of Alexander in October 1920 and the unexpected electoral
defeat of Venizelos and his Liberal party in November 1920, a plebiscite on
December 5 restored Constantine to the throne. Greece's defeat by Turkey in
Anatolia forced him to abdicate in September 1922. 1870 - 1932 Sophia Of Prussia 61 61 1890 - 1947 George II 56 56 The eldest son of King Constantine I, George II, b. July 20, 1890, d. Apr. 1,
1947, was king of the Hellenes from 1922 to 1924 and again from 1935 to 1947.
He went into exile after the British and French forced his father to abandon
the throne in June 1917. Constantine returned in late 1920, and when he was
compelled to abdicate after Greece's defeat by Turkey in Asia Minor, George
became king on Sept. 27, 1922. In the aftermath of an abortive military revolt
(October 1923) involving proroyalist officers, republicans in military and
civilian circles pressed George into leaving Greece. In the early spring of
1924, a republic was declared.

The republic fell when ardent royalists engineered the restoration of the
monarchy in the autumn of 1935. George II returned in November 1935, hoping to
reconcile opposing factions. When moderate methods failed to improve
conditions, he approved the establishment of a dictatorship under Ioannis
Metaxas in August 1936. The German invasion of Greece in the spring of 1941
drove George into exile. A plebiscite on Sept. 27, 1946, approved his return,
but he died soon after. 1901 - 1964 Paul I 62 62 Paul I, b. Dec. 14, 1901, d. Mar. 6, 1964, king of the Hellenes (1947-64), was
the third son of King Constantine I. He joined his father in exile in 1917,
returned with him to Greece in 1920, and left again when republican sentiments
flared in 1923. When the monarchy was restored in 1935, Paul returned to
Greece as crown prince. He married (1938) Princess Frederika-Louise, daughter
of the duke of Brunswick and granddaughter of German emperor William II. When
the Germans invaded (April 1941) Greece, Paul escaped, taking refuge in South
Africa. He returned home in September 1946 and ascended the throne (Apr. 1,
1947) after the death of his elder brother King George II. As king he was
criticized for intervening in political affairs. He was succeeded by his son
Constantine II. 1917 - 1981 Frederika- Louise Of Brunswick 63 63 1843 - 1912 Frederick Viii 68 68 Frederick VIII (1843-1912), king of Denmark (1906-12), born in Copenhagen, and
educated at the University of Oxford. He succeeded to the throne on the death
of his father, Christian IX. His son, Prince Charles, became Håkon VII, king
of Norway, in 1905. Frederick was a brother of Alexandra, queen consort of
Great Britain, and of George I, king of Greece. 1870 - 1947 Christian X 76 76 Christian X (1870-1947), king of Denmark (1912-47) and Iceland (1918-44), son
and successor of Frederick VIII, born near Copenhagen. Notable events of his
reign were his approval in 1915 of a new constitution that gave women the
right to vote and in other ways broadened suffrage; the sale of the Danish
West Indies to the United States in 1917; the granting of sovereign rights to
Iceland in 1918; the entrance of Denmark into the League of Nations in 1920;
and the return of North Schleswig from Germany to Denmark in 1920 after a
plebiscite. Under his rule vast areas of wasteland were reclaimed to
agriculture, a Danish merchant marine was developed, and worldwide Danish
commercial enterprises were launched. In World War II, during the German
occupation of Denmark from 1940 to 1945, Christian was the dignified if
powerless symbol of national unity, but the story that he wore a star of David
to express solidarity with his Jewish subjects is without foundation.
Christian X ceased to be king of Iceland when the Republic of Iceland was
established in 1944. He was succeeded as king of Denmark by his son, Frederick
IX. 1872 - 1957 H†kon Vii 85 85 Håkon VII (1872-1957), king of Norway (1905-57), the second son of Frederick
VIII, king of Denmark, born in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Originally named
Charles, the Danish prince was chosen king of Norway by the Storting, or
parliament, a choice reaffirmed by a plebiscite. The Norwegian throne had
become vacant when the union between Norway and Sweden was dissolved; the
Swedish throne was retained by Oscar II, king of Sweden. During World War II,
after the Germans invaded Norway in 1940, Håkon led the resistance for two
months, then went to Great Britain to head the Norwegian government-in-exile.
He returned to Norway in 1945. He was succeeded by his son Olaf V. 1899 - 1972 Frederick Ix 72 72 Frederick IX (1899-1972), king of Denmark (1947-72), son and successor of King
Christian X, born near Copenhagen. Frederick was educated at the Danish Naval
Academy and the University of Copenhagen. He broke the Danish royal tradition
by choosing a naval instead of an army career. During the German occupation of
Denmark in World War II, Frederick was virtually interned in the palace.
Because he had no male heir, Denmark's succession law was changed during his
reign, and he was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Margaret II. Living Living Andr‚ Living Living 1903 - 1991 Olaf V 87 87 Olaf V, original name Alexander Edward Christian Frederik of Glücksburg
(1903-91), king of Norway (1957-91), the son of King Håkon VII, born at
Sandringham, England. He went to Great Britain with his father after the
German invasion of Norway in 1940, during World War II. Olaf was commander in
chief of the Norwegian armed forces fighting with the Allies in 1944-45; he
returned to Norway after the defeat of Germany in 1945. Upon his death, Olaf's
son Harald, the crown prince, became king of Norway as Harald V. Living V Living Haraldsen 1901 - 1954 Martha 53 53 Living Living 1784 - 1844 Ernest I 60 60 Living 1930 - 2002 Margaret Rose 71 71 Living Armstrong- Jones Living Charles Living Elizabeth 1800 - 1831 Louise Of Saxe-Coburg- Altenburg 31 31 1869 - 1938 Maud Charlotte Mary 68 68 1857 - 1944 Beatrice Mary Victoria 87 87 Alexander Of Hesse Julia Of Battenberg 1858 - 1896 Henry Maurice 38 38 Charlotte Of Prussia 1759 - 1828 Maria Feodorovana 69 69 Louis II Wilhelmina Of Baden 1851 - 1926 Louise Of Sweden 74 74 1875 - 1938 Marie Of Saxe-Coburg- Gotha 62 62 1865 - 1927 Ferdinand I 61 61 Ferdinand, b.  Aug.  24, 1865, d.  July 20, 1927, succeeded his uncle, Carol
I, as king of Romania in October 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War
I.  Although a Hohenzollern, and thus related to the German royal family, he
was induced to enter (August 1916) the war on the Allied side by promises of
major territorial concessions as well as by the influence of his English wife,
Marie.  Romania was soon overrun by Austro-German forces, and Ferdinand was
forced to conclude a separate peace in May 1918.  However, he reentered the
war on Nov.  10, 1918 just before its conclusion and thus won the promised
territories--Transylvania, and much of the Hungarian plain--in the peace
settlement.  Ferdinand was crowned king of Greater Romania in 1922. 1893 - 1953 Carol II 59 59 Carol II, b. Oct. 15, 1893, d. Apr. 4, 1953, king of Romania, was the son of
King Ferdinand and Queen Marie. After his morganatic marriage, soon dissolved,
to Zizi Lambrino, he married (1921) Princess Helen of Greece. In 1925, because
of his liaison with Magda Lupescu (1896?-1977), Carol was forced to abdicate
his rights to the throne. Returning from exile, he was proclaimed king on June
8, 1930. Carol soon decided to rule by undermining the political parties, and
in February 1938 he set up a personal dictatorship. After the outbreak of
World War II, powerless to resist the territorial claims on Romania by
Hungary, Bulgaria, and the USSR, Carol was forced to abdicate on Sept. 6,
1940. In 1947 he married Magda in Brazil. Charles Louis Frederick Elizabeth Albertin 1750 - 1806 Francis Frederick 56 56 1757 - 1831 Augusta Reuss- Ebersdorf 74 74 Frederick William Louise Caroline Of Hesse-Cassel 1896 - 1982 Helen Of Greece 86 86 1921 Michael Hohenzollern Leopold Of Hohenzollern Antonia Of Portugal 1700 - 1770 Sophie Magdalene 69 69 1910 Maria De Las Mercedes 1774 - 1837 Wilhelmina 62 62 1772 - 1843 William I 71 71 William I, b. Aug. 24, 1772, d. Dec. 12, 1843, prince of Orange-Nassau and
first king of the Netherlands, renounced the throne when he was forced to
accept a constitutional monarchy. He was the son of stadholder William V
Commander of the Dutch army during the French Revolutionary
Wars, he went into exile after the downfall of the Dutch Republic in 1795.
After briefly coming to terms with Napoleon I in 1802, he was captured in
Germany (1806) while leading Prussian troops against the French emperor. He
was paroled and joined the Austrian service in 1809.

Returning to the Netherlands as sovereign prince in 1813, he accepted a mildly
liberal constitution the following year, and with the assent of the Congress
of Vienna, became (1815) king of a United Netherlands, including Belgium and
the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. He governed with a strong hand, encouraging
economic growth by attempting to spur the expansion of industry and trade. His
policies in the provinces, offending both the Roman Catholic church and
liberals, led to the Belgian Revolution of 1830. When revision of the
constitution became necessary after the recognition of Belgian independence in
1839, he had to accept biennial budgets and ministerial responsibility. He
abdicated on Oct. 7, 1840, in favor of his son William II. 1792 - 1849 William II 56 56 The reign of William II, b. Dec. 6, 1792, d. Mar. 17, 1849, was marked by the
adoption of a new constitution, which gave the Netherlands the political
institutions by which it is still governed. Exiled to England in 1795 with his
father, who later became King William I, he served in the duke of Wellington's
army and commanded Dutch troops at Waterloo (1815). In 1831 he again commanded
an army, defeating the separatist Belgians.

In October 1840 he succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his father.
Hoping to keep his country free from the revolutionary ferment of 1848,
William took the initiative in the enactment of a new constitution, written by
the liberal statesman Johan Thorbecke, which firmly established the supremacy
of the States-General. He was succeeded by his son William III. 1751 - 1820 Wilhelmine 69 69 1784 - 1806 William V 22 22 Marie- Josephe De Saxe 1711 - 1751 William IV 40 40 1817 - 1890 William III 73 73 Although King William III, b. Feb. 19, 1817, d. Nov. 23, 1890, was unhappy
with the advanced liberal constitution adopted in 1848, it was under his reign
that parliamentary government was consolidated in the Netherlands. After
opposing the constitution sponsored by his father and predecessor, William II,
he accepted it when he ascended to the throne in 1849. He opposed the liberal
statesman Johan Thorbecke and played a crucial role in Thorbecke's resignation
as head of the government in 1853.

An anti-Catholic, William was able to retain political influence through the
cabinet, giving special attention to religious matters. His attempt in 1867 to
sell France the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg met Prussian hostility and had to be
abandoned. As a result, his political stature at home suffered irreparably.
William's personal life was troubled, first by separation from his wife,
Sophia of Wurttemberg, and then by plans to divorce her and marry his
mistress, a French actress. In 1879, after Sophia's death, he married Emma of
Waldeck-Pyrmont. He was succeeded by his daughter Wilhelmina. D. 1879 Sophia Of Wurttemberg 1880 - 1962 Wilhelmina 82 82 Queen Wilhelmina, b. Aug. 31, 1880, d. Nov. 28, 1962, reigned over the
Netherlands for more than half a century. In 1890 she succeeded her father,
William III, to the throne under the regency of her mother, Emma of
Waldeck-Pyrmont. She assumed personal rule on Sept. 6, 1898, and married Duke
Henry (1876-1934) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1901. Although committed to
observation of the constitution, she considered herself a ruler by divine
right and frequently intervened in political affairs. After the German
invasion on May 10, 1940, Wilhelmina fled to England, leading a government in
exile from London and becoming very popular as a rallying point for Dutch
freedom. She returned to the liberated Netherlands on Mar. 13, 1945. In
declining health, she abdicated in favor of her daughter Juliana on Sept. 4,
1948, after celebrating the 50th anniversary of her reign. Her autobiography
was translated as Lonely but Not Alone (1960) 1876 - 1934 Henry Of Mecklenburg- Schwerin 58 58 1909 Juliana Juliana, b. Apr. 30, 1909, succeeded to the throne of the Netherlands on Sept.
6, 1948, following the abdication of her mother, Queen Wilhelmina. She married
(1937) Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld; they had four daughters. The
eldest, Beatrice, became queen when Juliana abdicated on her 71st birthday,
Apr. 30, 1980. 1911 Bernhard Of Lippe- Biesterfeld Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, b. June 29, 1911, is the consort of
Juliana, former queen of the Netherlands, and father of the present queen,
Beatrice. The nephew of Leopold IV, the last reigning prince of the German
state of Lippe, he married Juliana on Jan. 7, 1937.

Becoming a Dutch citizen, Bernhard fought against the invading Germans in 1940
and was appointed commander of the Dutch resistance fighters who helped
liberate the Netherlands in 1944-45.

After Juliana's accession to the throne in 1948, Bernhard used his status to
encourage cultural activities and international trade. In 1976 he was
implicated in a bribery scandal involving the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.
An official commission concluded that Prince Bernhard had "showed himself open
to dishonorable requests and offers"; he then resigned from his military and
business positions. In 1980, Juliana abdicated in favor of Princess Beatrice. Living 1878 - 1958 Ingeborg Of Denmark 80 80 1861 - 1951 Charles Of Sweden 90 90 1905 - 1935 Astrid Of Sweden 29 29 1901 - 1983 Leopold III 81 81 Leopold III, b. Nov. 3, 1901, d. Sept. 25, 1983, succeeded his father, Albert
I, to the Belgian throne in 1934. A strong-willed monarch, he refused to go
into exile after the German conquest of Belgium in 1940 and became the target
of criticism so bitter that he abdicated in 1951.

An advocate of a more independent foreign policy for Belgium before World War
II, Leopold twice urged mediation of the conflict between Nazi Germany and the
Western Allies in the months immediately before and after the outbreak of war
in 1939. After the German invasion in May 1940, he took command of the army
and led its resistance for 2 weeks before surrendering. He rejected the
government's appeal to join them in a government-in-exile and stayed in
Belgium as a self-proclaimed prisoner of war in his castle at Laken.

After the Allied invasion in June 1944, Leopold was taken to Germany. He was
liberated by American troops in Austria in May 1945. Much bitter opposition to
his return existed in Belgium because of his wartime conduct. When finally the
Catholic People's party obtained a majority in his favor in a referendum in
1950, he went home. He met such fierce hostility, however, manifested in
strikes and other protests, that he abdicated on July 16, 1951, in favor of
his son Baudouin. 1930 - 1993 Baudouin I 62 62 Baudouin I, b. Sept. 7, 1930, d. July 31, 1993, was the oldest son of King
Leopold III and Queen Astrid and the fifth king of the Belgians.  On Aug. 11,
1950, the Belgian parliament granted him royal prerogatives, as regent, and
after his father's abdication on July 16, 1951, Baudouin took the oath as
king.  On Dec. 15, 1960, in Brussels, he wed a Spanish noblewoman, Fabiola de
Mora y Aragon.  The couple was childless.  On Baudouin's death his brother
Albert assumed the throne. 1879 - 1852 Alexandrine Of Mecklenburg- Schwerin 26 26 1910 Ingrid Victoria Rachel Deming Frederick Francis Anastasia 1826 - 1872 Charles Xv 46 46 Charles XV (1826-72), king of Sweden and Norway (1859-72), the son of King
Oscar I, born in Stockholm. During his liberal and popular rule, numerous
reforms were instituted. The most important was in 1867 when the Riksdag, the
Swedish legislature, became a bicameral body, with the upper house chosen by
provincial representatives and the lower house by popular election (although
suffrage was based on property and earnings). Charles was interested in
literature and the arts and wrote a volume of poems. Having no male heirs, he
was succeeded by his brother Oscar II. 1828 - 1871 Louise 42 42 1875 - 1934 Albert I 58 58 Albert I, b. Apr. 8, 1875, d. Feb. 17, 1934, king of the Belgians (1909-34),
is remembered especially for his strong leadership during World War I. He
married (1900) Elizabeth, daughter of the duke of Bavaria, and succeeded
Leopold II, his uncle, to the Belgian throne in 1909. In August 1914, when the
German armies demanded right of passage through Belgium, Albert refused the
ultimatum and assumed personal command of the Belgian armed forces in
resisting the German advance. He remained in the small, unoccupied area of
Belgium throughout the war, and in September 1918 led Belgian and French
troops in the final Allied offensive.

After the war, Albert promoted the economic reconstruction of Belgium and
helped introduce (1926) a new monetary system. His death in a
mountain-climbing accident (1934) was deeply mourned. He was succeeded by his
son, Leopold III. 1876 - 1965 Elisabeth Of Bavaria 89 89 1829 - 1907 Oscar II 78 78 Oscar II (1829-1907), king of Sweden (1872-1907) and of Norway (1872-1905),
third son of King Oscar I, and brother of King Charles XV, born in Stockholm.
The chief event of his reign was his sophisticated response to increasing
tension between Sweden and Norway; in 1905 he decided to relinquish the throne
of Norway, thus severing the union between the two countries that had existed
since the Napoleonic era. Oscar II encouraged industrial progress in Sweden.
He was a naval authority and a writer; in addition, as an expert in
international affairs, he served as arbitrator of several international
disputes. Sophia 1799 - 1859 Oscar I 59 59 Oscar I (1799-1859), king of Sweden and Norway (1844-59), second of the
Bernadotte monarchs, son and successor of Charles XIV John, born in Paris. In
1810 Oscar was made duke of Södermanland when his father was elected crown
prince of Sweden. In 1823 he united the Bernadotte and Bonaparte families by
marrying Joséphine de Beauharnais, the granddaughter of Joséphine de
Beauharnais, wife of Napoleon. Oscar I is noted for the economic and social
reforms that he instituted. 1667 John Morgan 1807 - 1876 Jos‚phine De Beauharnais 69 69 Granddaughter of Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. 1795 - 1865 Anna Pavlovna 70 70 1703 - 1768 Maria Leczinska 65 65 ~1424 Catherine Cotton ~1489 - 1552 Edmund Molyneux 63 63 Graduated B.A., July 10, 1510. Nov. 25 1542, called to the degree sergent at law and on the coronation of Edward VI made Knight of Bath, Oct. 22, 1550. Created justice of common pleas. Lord of the Manor Thorp, near Newark, and lands adjoining, which belonged to the Knights Hospitallers of the Preceptory Eagle. ~1489 Jane Cheny D. 1591 John Molyneux ~1586 Anne Lascelles Flannigan 1669 Samuel Morgan ~1332 Thomas Urswick 1549 - 1580 Anne Of Austria 31 31 Anne Beauchamp 1808 - 1870 Louisa Of Prussia 62 62 Frederick Of The Netherlands 1882 - 1973 Gustav Vi Adolf 91 91 Gustav VI Adolph (1882-1973), king of Sweden (1950-73), son of King Gustav V,
born in Stockholm, and educated at the universities of Uppsala and Oslo. He
entered the army in 1902, served with both the Swedish and Norwegian forces,
and obtained the rank of general in 1932. Known as a patron of the arts,
Gustav was a serious collector of Chinese art. He also won an international
reputation as a classical archaeologist, having worked in the field in Greece,
Cyprus, and Italy. Gustav was succeeded by his grandson, King Carl XVI Gustaf. Margaret Eudoxia Streshniev 1670 Isaac Morgan 1552 - 1633 Fyodor Nikitch Romanov 81 81 ~1565 - 1631 Ksenia Ivanovna Shestova 66 66 Lucas Streshniev Anne Volkonska 1682 - 1712 Louis Of Burgundy 30 30 1685 - 1712 Marie Adelaide Of Savoy 27 27 1667 - 1721 Louise 53 53 1650 - 1714 Charlotte Amelia 63 63 1628 - 1685 Sophia Amelia 56 56 1674 Hannah Morgan 1575 - 1612 Anne Catherine 36 36 Maria Eleanor Of Neuburg 1660 - 1690 Mary Anne Of Bavaria 30 30 1544 - 1560 Francis II 16 16 Francis II (of France) (1544-60), king of France (1559-60), born in
Fontainebleau, the eldest son of Henry II. In 1558 Francis married Mary, queen
of Scots. Francis was a mental and physical weakling and was dominated by
François, duke of Guise, and Cardinal Charles of Lorraine, the uncles of his
wife. These two men, who in effect were the rulers during Francis's brief
reign, tried to repress the growing political power of the Protestants in
France. His death ended the ascendancy of the Guises at court. 1550 - 1574 Charles Ix 23 23 Charles IX (of France) (1550-74), king of France (1560-74), born in
Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The son of Henry II and Catherine de Médicis, he
succeeded his older brother, Francis II. During his minority and after 1563,
when he assumed active rule, Charles remained under the domination of his
mother. Intrigues and religious wars between Roman Catholics and Huguenots
(Protestants) marked the entire course of his reign. In 1572 he was persuaded
by Catherine to approve the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, in which
thousands of Huguenots were killed. Charles was succeeded by his brother Henry
III. 1551 - 1589 Henry III 37 37 Henry III (of France) (1551-1589), king of France (1574-1589), the last of the
Valois kings. Despite his considerable gifts, he failed to resolve the
religious civil wars in his country and brought it close to bankruptcy.
Henry was born at Fontainebleau on September 19, 1551, the third son of Henry
II and Catherine de Médicis. He was the leader against the Huguenots (French
Protestants) and took part in the victories over them at Jarnac and at
Moncontour in 1569. In 1572 he aided his mother in planning the Massacre of
Saint Bartholomew's Day. He was elected king of Poland in 1573, but after one
year returned to France to ascend the throne on the death of his brother,
Charles IX. The wars between the Roman Catholics and Protestants continued
throughout Henry's reign.
In 1576 Henry issued the Edict of Beaulieu, which accorded more privileges to
the Huguenots. Displeased with the edict, the Roman Catholics, under the
leadership of Henri I de Lorraine, 3rd duc de Guise, then formed the Holy
League and renewed the war with the Huguenots. The war ended in 1577 with the
Peace of Bergerac and the king dissolved the league after revoking some of the
concessions made to Protestants. The league was revived in 1584, however, when
the king's younger brother died, leaving Henry III of Navarre (a Huguenot,
later Henry IV of France) legal heir to the throne of the childless king.
In 1585, when the king, forced by the league, excluded Henry of Navarre from
the succession and repealed all the privileges granted to the Huguenots, Henry
of Navarre began the so-called War of the Three Henrys against the league and
the king. Defeated at Coutras in 1587, the king found his power rivaled by
that of the duc de Guise. In 1588, on the Day of Barricades, the citizenry of
Paris, led by the duc de Guise, revolted against the king, forcing him to flee
the city. The king subsequently had Henri de Lorraine and his brother Louis de
Lorraine assassinated and allied himself with Henry of Navarre, whom he
declared his successor. The two Henrys then became joint leaders of a Huguenot
army. While attempting to regain Paris on August 1, 1589, the king was stabbed
by Jacques Clément, a fanatical Dominican friar, and died the next day. 1289 - 1316 Louis X 'the Headstrong' 26 26 Louis X, called The Headstrong (1289-1316), king of France (1314-16), the son
of Philip IV. Influenced by his uncle, Charles de Valois, he was preoccupied
for much of his short reign with unrest among his nobles, to whom he granted
charters confirming their privileges, and with an indecisive campaign against
Flanders that he led in 1315. Louis's posthumous son, John I, born in 1316,
died shortly after his birth, and the succession went to Louis's brother,
Philip V. ~1293 - 1328 Clemence Of Hungary 35 35 1316 - 1316 John I 5d 5d 1675 - 1754 Mercy Morgan 79 79 1288 - 1342 Charles I 54 54 ~1294 - 1322 Philip V 'the Tall' 28 28 Philip V (of France), called The Tall (circa 1294-1322), king of France
(1317-22), the second son of King Philip IV. He became regent for his infant
nephew John, king of France, and after the death of John proclaimed himself
king. In 1320, at the conclusion of the war against Flanders begun during the
reign of Philip IV, France acquired some Flemish territory. Philip frequently
convoked the Estates-General. He made administrative reforms and attempted to
unify coinage, weights, and measures but encountered strong opposition in the
Estates-General. He imposed heavy fines on Jews. Philip died without a male
heir. 1294 - 1328 Charles IV 'the Fair' 34 34 Charles IV (of France) (1294-1328), king of France (1322-28) and, as Charles
I, king of Navarre (1322-28). Called Charles the Fair, he was the third son of
Philip IV, king of France. In 1327 Charles helped his sister Isabella to
dethrone her husband, King Edward II of England. During his reign Charles
increased taxation, exacted burdensome duties, debased the coinage, and
confiscated estates. He died without a male heir, thus ending the direct line
of the Capetian dynasty. 1338 - 1378 Joan Of Bourbon 40 40 1404 - 1463 Mary Of Anjou 59 59 ~1445 - 1483 Charlotte Of Savoy 38 38 1724 - 1760 Mary Amalia 36 36 1498 - 1558 Eleanor 60 60 1469 - 1521 Emanuel (Manuel I) 52 52 Emanuel, called Manuel I (1469-1521), king of Portugal (1495-1521),
great-grandson of King John I. During his reign, called the golden era of
Portuguese history, great explorations and discoveries took place. He
sponsored the epoch-making expedition of the Portuguese navigator Vasco da
Gama, which resulted in the opening of a sea route to India around the Cape of
Good Hope; the voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral, on which Cabral reached Brazil,
claimed it for Portugal, and then sailed westward to India, where he
established a trading post on the site of Calicut (now Kozhikode); the
exploration of Gaspar Corte-Real of the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland;
and the expedition of Afonso de Albuquerque, who established the Portuguese
empire in the Far East. During Emanuel's reign, commercial relations were
established with Persia and China, and great wealth was acquired from New
World possessions. Emanuel made his court a center of the arts and sciences
and issued a code of laws that bears his name. His great religious zeal led
him to sponsor missionary enterprises in his overseas possessions and endeavor
to promote a crusade against the Turks. It also, however, led him to persecute
the Jews in Portugal and to expel them from the country in 1497-98, an act
that deprived Portugal of many brilliant people. He has sometimes been called
Emanuel the Great or Emanuel the Fortunate. 1091 - 1157 Yuril 'longhanded' 66 66 1678 Sarah Morgan Olga Of Greece 1219 - 1263 Alexander Nevsky 44 44 Alexander Nevsky (1220?-63), Russian national hero and saint. The son of
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, grand prince of the medieval Russian state of
Vladimir, Alexander was elected prince of the state of Novgorod in 1236. In
1240 he won a victory over the Swedes on the Neva River near present Saint
Petersburg, thus acquiring his surname, Nevsky ("of the Neva"). The following
year, he led the army of Novgorod against the Teutonic Knights, driving them
from Russian soil and defeating them in a battle at Lake Peipus, Estonia, in
April 1242. Later generations viewed this victory as having saved Russia from
Western domination. When the Mongols invaded Russia from the east, Alexander
collaborated with them, acting as mediator between his people and the Mongol
Golden Horde. In 1246 the Mongols made him grand prince of Kyyiv, and in 1251
they installed him as prince of Vladimir, replacing his brother Andrei. As
ruler of Vladimir, Kyyiv, and Novgorod, he did much to unify the
principalities of northern Russia. Alexander is recognized as a saint by the
Russian Orthodox church; his feast day is September 12. 1261 - 1303 Daniil Aleksandrovich 42 42 Elisabeth ~1304 - 1341 Ivan I 'kalita' Danilovich 37 37 Ivan I Danilovich, called Kalita ("Moneybags") (1304?-41), grand prince, or
duke, of Moscow (1328-41). The grandson of Alexander Nevsky, he initiated the
expansion that eventually left Moscow in control of Russia. As a vassal of the
Golden Horde Tatars, he collected taxes for the khan and thus earned his
epithet. At the same time he doubled the territory of his realm; moved his
court from Vladimir to Moscow, merging the two administrations; and persuaded
the metropolitan of Kyyiv, the leading ecclesiastic of the Russian Orthodox
church, to transfer his see to Moscow. Thus sanctioned by the church, Ivan
began to style himself Prince of All Russia. ~1304 - 1331 Helene 27 27 1326 - 1359 Ivan II 'the Meek' Ivanovich 33 33 ~1326 - 1364 Alexandra Of Moscow 38 38 1349 - 1389 Dmitri Donskoi 39 39 Dimitry Donskoi, b. 1350, d. May 19, 1389, grand duke of Moscow (1359-89),
first broke the tradition of submission to the Khanate of the Golden Horde. On
Sept. 8, 1380, Dimitry led the Russian princes to victory over the Tatars on
the plain of Kulikovo on the upper Don River. Although this victory did not
end the Tatar domination over Russia, it enhanced the prestige of the grand
duke of Moscow. Dimitry, the son of Ivan II (r. 1353-59), also enlarged the
territory of Moscow considerably and helped prevent an invasion by Lithuania. ~1680 - <1721 James Morgan 41 41 Died before 7 Nov 1721 when inventory of estate was taken. 1372 - 1424 Vasily II Dmitrivich 52 52 1440 - 1505 Ivan III 'the Great' Vasilyevich 65 65 Ivan III Vasilyevich (1440-1505), called The Great, grand duke of Moscow
(1462-1505) who strengthened the hegemony of Moscow over the other Russian
principalities, and was the self-described Sovereign of All Russia. He was
born in Moscow on January 22, 1440, the son of Basil II, whom he succeeded. In
1470 he launched a war against Novgorod, which he conquered and annexed in
1478, thereby acquiring all of northern Russia from Lapland to the Ural
Mountains. In 1480, by refusing to make the customary payment of tribute to
the Tatar khan, Ivan ended the formal subservience of the Muscovite rulers to
the Tatars. Subsequently, he further increased his domain by conquest, by
purchases of territory, and by exacting allegiance from weaker princes. Ivan
invaded Lithuania in 1492 and again in 1500 and forced Alexander (reigned
1501-06), the ruler of that country and king of Poland, to cede (1503) a score
of Lithuanian towns to him. By his marriage in 1472 to Zoë (Sophia), niece of
the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI Palaeologus, Ivan also made
creditable his claim to be the protector of the Orthodox church. Soon after
his marriage Ivan added the two-headed eagle of the Byzantine escutcheon to
his own coat of arms and, modeling his regime on that of the autocratic
Byzantine rulers, drastically curtailed the powers and privileges of the other
Russian princes and the Russian aristocracy. Ivan also issued the first
Muscovite legal code in 1497. He died on October 27, 1505, in Moscow. ~1448 - 1503 Zo‰ (Sophia) Palaiologina 55 55 1479 - 1533 Vasily III Ivanovich 54 54 Vasily III, b. 1479, d. Dec. 2, 1533, grand duke of Moscow (1505-33),
succeeded his father, Ivan III. He annexed to Moscow the remaining independent
Russian principalities (1510-23) and captured Smolensk from Lithuania (1514).
He was succeeded by Ivan IV (the Terrible), his son. 1530 - 1584 Ivan IV 'the Terrible' Vasilyevich 53 53 Ivan IV Vasilyevich, called The Terrible (1530-84), grand duke of Moscow
(1533-47) and czar of Russia (1547-84), one of the creators of the Russian
state.
Ivan was born in Moscow on August 25, 1530, the grandson of Ivan III and the
son of Basil III, whom he succeeded at the age of three. He was the first
Russian ruler to be formally crowned as czar. The first 13 years of Ivan's
reign constitute one of the greatest periods of internal reform, external
expansion, and centralization of state power in the history of Russia. In 1549
Ivan convoked the Zemsky Sobor, the first national representative assembly
ever summoned by a Russian ruler. In the same year he initiated a
comprehensive revision and modernization of the Russian law code. He conquered
and annexed the Tatar khanates of Kazan' (1552) and Astrakhan' (1556),
bringing the entire Volga River within the borders of Russia and ending the
threat of these Tatar areas to Russia. The long Livonian War (1558-83), an
attempt to gain a foothold on the Baltic coast, was, however, ultimately
unsuccessful.
Ivan's reign after 1560 is remarkable more for the czar's repeated displays of
erratic behavior and wanton brutality than for his statesmanship. He
surrounded himself with a select group of noblemen, whom he allowed to
exercise despotic power over his entire domain. In 1570 he ravaged the town of
Novgorod and ordered the slaying of thousands of its inhabitants because they
had been reported, on dubious authority, to be conspiring against him. Ten
years later Ivan brought personal tragedy upon himself when, in a fit of
anger, he struck and killed his eldest and favorite son. In his later years,
Ivan began the acquisition of Siberia after most of the Ob' River Basin had
been brought under Russian control (1581-83) by the cossack leader Yermak
Timofeyevich. Ivan died on March 18, 1584. ~1508 - 1538 Yelena Glinskaya 30 30 Nikita Romanovich Yuriev ~1530 - 1560 Anastasia Romanov 30 30 1791 - 1848 Mary Louise 57 57 Elizabeth Jones 1769 - 1821 Napoleon Bonaparte 51 51 In February 1804 a British-financed plot to assassinate Bonaparte was
uncovered by the former police minister Joseph Fouche (who recovered his job
as a result of this discovery). Of the leading conspirators, Jean Charles
Pichegru died in prison, Jean Victor Moreau fled the country, and Georges
Cadoudal was executed.  Another victim was the duc d'Enghien, a Bourban-Conde
prince who was kidnapped from the German state of Baden and executed in
France.

In the wake of these events, which revived royalist hostility, the Senate
petitioned Bonaparte to establish a hereditary dynasty.  On Dec.  2, 1804,
therefore, Napoleon crowned himself emperor in a ceremony presided over by
Pope Pius VII.  Napoleon created a titled court that included many of his
statesmen and generals as well as ex-royalists.  Believing that family ties
were more durable than treaties, in the next few years he placed members of
his family on the thrones of several satellite states--Naples, Holland,
Westphalia, and Spain--and married his relatives to some of the most
distinguished families in Europe.

Dynastic considerations also caused Bonaparte to divorce Josephine in 1809
because she had borne him no male heir.  He then married (Apr.  2, 1810) Marie
Louise, daughter of Austrian Emperor Francis I;  within a year a son, the king
of Rome, was born.

In 1805, Britain organized the Third Coalition against France, but Napoleon's
new Grand Army swept through Germany into Austria destroying both Austrian and
Russian armies at Ulm and Austerlitz.  Austria signed (Dec.  26, 1805) the
Treaty of Pressburg, by which Venice and Dalmatia were annexed to Napoleon's
Kingdom of Italy, and in 1806, Napoleon organized the Confederation of the
Rhine, a grouping of German states under French protection.  Soon after, the
Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved.  Prussia helped organize the Fourth
Coalition against Napoleon late in 1806, but its forces were destroyed by
Napoleon in the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt (October 1806).  After defeating the
Russians at Eylau (Feb.  8, 1807) and Friedland (June 14, 1807), Napoleon
forced the allies to sign (July 7-9, 1807) the Treaties of Tilsit, which
resulted in the creation of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of
Westphalia.

Dominant in Europe, Napoleon was obsessed with Britain's defiance and role as
the commercial "paymaster of Europe." To subdue Britain, Napoleon committed
his most serious blunders. He imposed (1806) the Continental System, a
blockade of British trade, on Europe to undermine the British economy.  The
refusal of Portugal to observe the blockade led to French intervention in
Iberia and embroilment in the Peninsular War.  While the
Peninsular War raged, Austria mobilized and began the War of the Fifth
Coalition.  A series of hard-fought battles culminated in final French victory
(July 5-6, 1809) at Wagram, and Austria lost Illyria and Galicia by the Treaty
of Schonbrunn (Oct.  14, 1809).

Although French control in Iberia was eroding by 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia
on June 23-24 of that year.  One major reason for the attack was the Russian
refusal to accept the Continental System.  The Russian armies withdrew,
drawing Napoleon deep into Russia.  Napoleon defeated them at Borodino on
Sept.  7, 1812, and a week later reached Moscow.  There he waited in vain for
Emperor Alexander I's surrender, while Russian arsonists set the city on fire.
With reinforced Russian armies attacking his outlying positions and signs of
winter's approach, Napoleon ordered a retreat in October. Despite the
deprivations suffered by his troops, the miserable weather, and the pursuing
Russian army, Napoleon held the nucleus of his army together and managed to
escape Russian encirclement.  After crossing the Berezina River he left his
ravaged army and hurried back to Paris on learning of an abortive coup in
Paris by the demented general Claude Malet.

After Napoleon's Russian debacle the Prussians deserted their alliance with
the French, and in 1813 the Sixth Coalition was formed among Prussia, Russia,
Britain, and Sweden (ruled by the erstwhile Napoleonic general Bernadotte,
later to be King Charles XIV John).  Napoleon soon formed a new army and
defeated the allies at Lutzen (May 2) and Bautzen (May 20-21). After a short
armistice, hostilities again began in August, when Austria joined the
coalition.  Although Napoleon was victorious (August 26-27) at Dresden, the
French were outnumbered two to one and defeated in the so-called Battle of
Nations at Leipzig on October 16-19.  Withdrawing across the Rhine, Napoleon
refused to surrender any conquered territory, convinced that such a concession
would cost him his crown in France.  In 1814, France was invaded, and Napoleon
again demonstrated his military genius by defeating each enemy army as it
advanced on Paris.  Hopelessly outnumbered he attempted to negotiate, but the
allies continued to advance and took Paris on March 31.

The Hundred Days

On April 6, Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son.  When the allies refused
to accept this, he made his abdication unconditional on April 11.  He then was
exiled to the island of Elba, where he was given sovereign power and
introduced administrative, economic, and political reforms.

Aware of France's dissatisfaction over the restoration rule of the Bourbon
dynasty, Napoleon decided to return to France in 1815.  Landing at Cannes on
March 1, he marched triumphantly through sympathetic areas of France and was
greeted as the returning hero.  King Louis XVIII fled abroad, and Napoleon
occupied Paris on March 20, beginning the period called the Hundred Days.
Although Napoleon proclaimed peaceful intentions, the allies, who were meeting
in Vienna, immediately outlawed him and prepared for
war. Before massive Russian and Austrian forces could reach France, Napoleon
resolved to separate and defeat the Prussian and Anglo-Dutch armies in what is
now Belgium.  Despite several initial victories he was defeated by the duke of
Wellington and Gebhard von Blucher at Waterloo on June 18, 1815

Napoleon returned to Paris, where he abdicated for the second time on June 23.
Fleeing to Aix, he surrendered to the captain of the British warship
Bellerophon and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena.  Living with his
secretary and a few loyal friends, he dictated his memoirs, laying the
foundation of the Napoleonic legend.  He died on May 5, 1821.

The Napoleonic legend was embellished by his followers in the succeeding
decades of turbulent French politics.  It facilitated the rise of Napoleon's
nephew, who eventually founded a Second Empire as Napoleon III in 1852.
Allowing for the exaggerations of the legend, there remains no question that
Napoleon I was a military genius.  Although his ambition to dominate Europe
cost France hundreds of thousands of lives, he left to that country many of
the institutions that form its modern basis.  His tomb in the Invalides in
Paris is a national shrine. 1746 - 1785 Carlo Marie Bonaparte 38 38 ~1750 - 1836 Letizia Ramolino 86 86 ~1690 Elizabeth Morgan Died young 1811 - 1832 Napoleon II 21 21 1693 William Morgan 1793 - 1875 Ferdinand I 82 82 Ferdinand I (of Austria and Hungary) (1793-1875), emperor of Austria (1835-48)
and king of Hungary (1830-48). He was the son of Francis I, emperor of
Austria, who was also Holy Roman emperor as Francis II. Ferdinand was
completely controlled by the reactionary Austrian statesman Prince Klemens von
Metternich; and, after the revolutionary outbreak of December 1848 forced
Metternich from office, Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew Francis
Joseph I. 1802 - 1878 Francis Charles 76 76 1830 - 1916 Francis Joseph I 86 86 Francis Joseph I (German Franz Josef) (1830-1916), emperor of Austria
(1848-1916) and king of Hungary (1867-1916), the last important ruler of the
Habsburg dynasty; his policies played a major role in the events that led to
World War I (1914-1918).
Francis Joseph was born in Vienna, the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles,
who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I. Because Francis
Charles renounced his right to the throne, Francis Joseph became emperor when
Ferdinand abdicated during the revolution of 1848. With Russian help, he and
his prime minister, Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg, restored order in the
empire and reestablished Austrian dominance in the German confederation. In
1854 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, with whom
he had one son and three daughters. Francis Joseph's failure to support Russia
in the Crimean War (1853-1856) permanently damaged Austro-Russian relations.
In the decade that followed, Austria lost most of its Italian possessions, as
well as its position of leadership in Germany. Weakened by these reverses,
Francis Joseph began to negotiate with Hungary on its demands for autonomy. In
1866 Transylvania was reunited with Hungary. In 1867 Austria and Hungary
agreed to create a dual monarchy in which the two countries would be equal
partners. Under the empire of Austria-Hungary, as it was known after 1867,
Hungary had complete independence in internal affairs, but the two countries
acted jointly in foreign affairs. The same year, Francis Joseph and Elizabeth
were formally crowned king and queen of Hungary.
As the dual monarch, Francis Joseph planned to grant some form of
self-government to the Austrian Slavs, but the German and Hungarian elites who
controlled the empire opposed the plan. The resulting dissatisfaction among
Francis Joseph's Czechoslovakian and Serbian subjects further weakened the
Habsburg realms and caused increased friction with Russia, which championed
the cause of Europe's Slavic peoples. Beginning in the 1870s, Austria-Hungary
gradually became subservient to its powerful neighbor and ally, the
Prussian-dominated German Empire.
Francis Joseph's later years were marked by a series of tragedies in his
family. In 1889 his only son and heir to the throne, Archduke Rudolf,
committed suicide; in 1898 his wife was assassinated by an Italian anarchist;
and in 1914 his nephew, Francis Ferdinand, who had replaced Rudolf as heir to
the throne, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. The murder of Francis
Ferdinand precipitated the crisis between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the
one hand, and Serbia and Russia on the other, that led to World War I. Francis
Joseph did not live to see Austria's defeat in the war and the extinction of
the Habsburg monarchy. 1832 - 1867 Maximilian 35 35 Maximilian (1832-67), archduke of Austria and emperor of Mexico, younger
brother of Francis Joseph I, emperor of Austria. He became an admiral of the
Austrian navy and governor from 1857 to 1859 of the Lombardo-Venetian
territory. In 1863 the French emperor Napoleon III persuaded Maximilian to
accept the crown of Mexico. Believing that they had the support of the people,
he and his wife, Carlotta, went to Mexico in 1864. Backed by French troops,
they were installed as the country's rulers over the opposition of the
republicans. After 1865, the United States, which objected to France's
intervention but had been distracted by its own civil war, began pressuring
the French to pull out. When they did withdraw in 1867, Maximilian refused to
go with them. After that, republican forces under Benito Juárez quickly
regained control of Mexico. Captured by the republicans at Querétaro,
Maximilian was tried by court-martial and shot in June 1867. 1833 - 1896 Charles Louis 63 63 1837 - 1898 Elizabeth Of Bavaria 61 61 1858 - 1889 Rudolf 31 31 Rudolf (1858-89), archduke and crown prince of Austria, only son of Emperor
Francis Joseph of Austria. He was a patron of literature and the arts and
traveled extensively. He wrote about his travels in Travels in the East (1884;
translated 1884). In 1881 he married Princess Stephanie of Belgium. His
romantic attachment with a young Austrian noblewoman, Baroness Marie Vetsera,
ended in the violent death of both. Their bodies were found in a hunting lodge
at Mayerling, near Vienna. Although the Austrian government officially
announced that the lovers had committed suicide, unsubstantiated rumors of
foul play have persisted to the present day, chiefly because of the archduke's
sympathy with the cause of Hungarian nationalism. 1835 - 1909 Leopold II 74 74 Leopold II (of Belgium) (1835-1909), king of Belgium (1865-1909). The son of
King Leopold I, he was born in Brussels and originally named Louis Philippe
Marie Victor. At an early age he entered the Belgian army, and in 1853 he
married Maria Henrietta, daughter of Joseph, archduke of Austria. In 1876
Leopold organized an international association to develop central Africa, and
he financed the expedition to the Congo River led by the British-American
explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley from 1879 to 1884. At the Berlin Conference
of 1884 and 1885, Leopold was recognized as sovereign of the Congo Free State,
annexed to Belgium as the Belgian Congo in 1908, and now Zaire. Leopold
incurred widespread criticism for his exploitation of the people and natural
resources of Congo, and, because of international protests, he was forced to
institute modest reforms. He was succeeded by his nephew Albert I. Henrietta Marie 1864 - 1945 Stephanie 81 81 Rachel Morgan Maximilian 1840 - 1927 Marie Charlotte 87 87 1790 - 1865 Leopold I 74 74 Leopold I (of Belgium) (1790-1865), king of the Belgians (1831-65). The son of
Francis Frederick, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Leopold was born in Coburg,
Germany; he was originally named Georges Chrétien Frédéric. As a youth during
the Napoleonic Wars, Leopold fought in the Russian army. In 1816 he married
Princess Charlotte Augusta, daughter of Prince George, later King George IV of
Great Britain. In 1830 Leopold refused the Greek throne but the following year
was elected the first monarch of Belgium after that country was separated from
the Netherlands. The first eight years of his reign were marked by differences
with the Dutch that were settled in 1839 by a treaty reaffirming the
neutrality of Belgium. The remainder of his reign was marked by peaceful
development of the country. He was succeeded by Leopold II, a son by his
second marriage in 1832 to Louise d'Orléans, daughter of Louis Philippe, king
of France. 1812 - 1850 Louise Marie D'orl‚ans 38 38 1863 - 1914 Francis Ferdinand 51 51 Francis Ferdinand (German Franz Ferdinand), (1863-1914), archduke of Austria,
born in Graz, son of Archduke Charles Louis and nephew of Emperor Francis
Joseph. In 1875 he inherited the title archduke of Austria-Este. After the
deaths of his cousin, Crown Prince Rudolf, in 1889, and of his father, in
1896, Francis became heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown. Because of his
morganatic marriage in 1900 to Countess Sophie Chotek, duchess of Hohenberg,
Francis relinquished all claim to the throne for his children. Although he was
favorably inclined toward the aspirations of the Slavs, he and his wife were
assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina), on June 28,
1914, by a Serb nationalist. The incident precipitated World War I. 1865 - 1906 Otto 41 41 1887 - 1922 Charles I 35 35 Charles I (of Austria) (1887-1922), emperor of Austria (1916-1918) and, as
Charles IV, king of Hungary, born in Persenbeug, Austria. He was the last
Austro-Hungarian monarch and the last of the Habsburg rulers. Charles was the
eldest son of Archduke Otto and grandnephew of Emperor Francis Joseph I.
Following the assassination of his uncle, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and the
death of Francis Joseph, Charles succeeded as emperor of Austria and king of
Hungary. During World War I, in a secret letter, he supported the claims of
France against those of the Austrian ally Germany in Alsace-Lorraine and
proposed that Germany withdraw from Belgium. Charles disavowed the letter when
it was published in April 1918, but it had a disheartening effect on the
Central Powers. Upon the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on November
11, 1918, Charles abdicated the throne of Hungary. In March 1919 he left
Austria, and in April the Austrian parliament formally deposed him. Twice in
1921 Charles launched unsuccessful attempts to regain the Hungarian throne.
Banished from Hungary, he went into exile on the island of Madeira, where he
died. 1848 - 1907 Roberto I 59 59 Andrea Morgan 1892 - 1989 Zita 96 96 1751 - 1825 Ferdinand I 74 74 Ferdinand I (of Two Sicilies) (1751-1825), king of the Two Sicilies (1816-25);
as Ferdinand IV, he was also king of Naples (1759-1806, 1815-25), and as
Ferdinand III, king of Sicily (1806-15). He was the third son of Charles IV,
king of the Two Sicilies, who became Charles III, king of Spain, in 1759. At
the same time Ferdinand became king of Naples. He ruled for eight years under
the regency of his father's chief minister Bernardo Tanucci. In 1768 he
married the daughter of Maria Theresa, empress of Austria, and replaced
Tanucci with John Francis Edward Acton, an Englishman. Influenced by his wife
and by Acton, Ferdinand allied Naples with the coalition opposing France in
the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. The French captured Naples in
1799 and there set up the Parthenopean Republic. Ferdinand found refuge in
Palermo, Sicily, until an army under Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo recovered Naples
later that year. Ferdinand's return was marked by mass executions of
Neapolitans who had sided with the French. In 1806 he fled once more to Sicily
before the advance of Joseph Bonaparte, who had been made king of Naples by
his brother, Napoleon, and who captured Naples soon thereafter. Ferdinand's
authority was limited to Sicily from 1806 until 1815; his reign was unpopular,
and for a time (1812) his son acted for him as regent. Ferdinand returned to
Naples after Napoleon's overthrow in 1815. The following year, against the
will of most of his subjects, he reconstituted the kingdom of the Two Sicilies
along autocratic lines with the aid of Austria. He was succeeded by his son,
Francis I. 1652 - 1722 Elizabeth Charlotte 70 70 1674 - 1723 Philippe 49 49 1677 - 1749 Francoise Marie De Blois 72 72 D. 1752 Louis D'orleans D. 1785 Louis- Philippe 1747 - 1793 Louis- Philippe Joseph 46 46 Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duc d' (1747-93), French nobleman, cousin of
King Louis XVI, who during the French Revolution adopted the name Philippe
Égalité. Before the Revolution, he distributed books and papers throughout
France advocating liberal ideas. In June 1789, during the meeting of the
Estates-General summoned by the king, he led the 47 nobles who seceded from
their own order to join the revolutionary third estate. He was elected to the
National Convention and voted for the death of Louis XVI. In 1793, during the
Reign of Terror, he was guillotined. His son Louis Philippe became king of
France in 1830. Louis Adelaide 1773 - 1850 Louis Philippe 77 77 Louis Philippe, called the Citizen King (1773-1850), king of France (1830-48).
He was the son of Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d'Orléans (called Philippe
Égalité), and was born in Paris.
Louis Philippe belonged to the house of Bourbon-Orléans, a branch of the
French royal family stemming from Philippe I, duc d'Orléans, the brother of
King Louis XIV. From his birth until 1785 Louis Philippe was known as the duc
de Valois and subsequently as the duc de Chartres until 1793, when his father
was guillotined, and he succeeded him as duc d'Orléans. Like his father, he
was in sympathy with the French Revolution, the upheaval in France that
resulted in the establishment of the First Republic, and in 1790 he joined the
Jacobins, members of a French radical political club. Two years later, at the
age of 18, he was given a command in the revolutionary army and, as a colonel,
fought at the battles of Valmy and Jemappes. After the defeat of the French
army by the Austrians at the Battle of Neerwinden, Holland, in 1793, Louis
Philippe was implicated with his superior officer, the French general Charles
François Dumouriez, in a plot against the republic, and he fled to
Switzerland.
After the execution of his father by the French Revolutionary Tribunal, Louis
Philippe became the central figure about whom his supporters, the Orléanist
party, rallied; he did not actively enter into the intrigues for restoring the
monarchy, however, and during the regime of the Directory and that of
Napoleon, Louis Philippe remained outside France, traveling in Scandinavia,
the United States (where he lived for four years in Philadelphia), and
England. He also visited Sicily at the invitation of Ferdinand I, king of the
Two Sicilies, and in 1809 he married the king's daughter Maria Amelia.
In 1814, after the abdication of Napoleon, he returned to France and was
welcomed by King Louis XVIII, who restored to him the Orléans estates. By the
late 1820s, however, under the autocratic rule of Louis XVIII's brother and
successor, Charles X, the last of the Bourbon monarchs, the French middle and
lower classes were growing restive. Louis Philippe was by this time the
favorite of those Republican leaders who feared to arouse the opposition of
all Europe by establishing a republic, and hoped that Louis Philippe would
govern according to popular will. In 1830, by the July Revolution that
overthrew Charles X and the Bourbon dynasty in France, Louis Philippe was
proclaimed king by the Chamber of Deputies.
At first Louis Philippe was content to rule as a "citizen king" and to
conciliate the Republicans who had helped bring him to power; he also
dispensed with many royal privileges. Gradually, however, while remaining a
constitutional monarch, he became more authoritarian, seeking not only to
establish the Bourbon-Orléans dynasty in France but also to consolidate his
position among the sovereigns of Europe. He arranged for the marriage of his
daughter Louise to Léopold I, king of the Belgians.
The last years of his reign were marked by corruption in domestic affairs and
by lethargy in foreign affairs. Louis Philippe, having tried to win the favor
of both the democratic and authoritarian elements, was at last deserted by
both sides and was deposed by the Revolution of 1848, which led to the
formation in France of the Second Republic (1848-52) and the rise of Louis
Napoleon, later Napoleon III, emperor of France. After his abdication Louis
Philippe lived with his family in England. Margery Morgan 1782 - 1866 Marie Amelie 84 84 1837 - 1905 Philip 68 68 1811 - 1885 Charles Anthony Hohenzollern 74 74 Josephine Of Baden 1845 - 1912 Marie Hohenzollern 67 67 Sophie Chotek 1777 - 1830 Francis I 53 53 Francis I (of Two Sicilies) (1777-1830), king of the Two Sicilies (1825-30),
the son of King Ferdinand I. Francis was viceroy of Sicily from 1812 to 1816
and duke of Calabria from 1817 to 1825. In the former post he granted the
Sicilians a constitution, but when he became king, he renounced his former
liberalism. Daughter Of Maria Theresa 1810 - 1859 Ferdinand II 49 49 Ferdinand II (Two Sicilies), known as King Bomba (1810-59), king of the Two
Sicilies (1830-59), son of King Francis I, whom he succeeded. His reign was
marked by numerous insurrections, including one in Sicily early in 1848, which
was followed by revolutions against autocratic rule in most parts of Europe.
Although Ferdinand attempted at first to placate the insurgents by granting a
reformed constitution, the failure of the revolutions in other countries
encouraged him to reverse his stand. In 1849 he dissolved the parliament, and
later that year he authorized the bombardment of the rebellious cities of
Sicily, an atrocity that earned him the nickname of King Bomba. His rule,
characterized by terror and deceit, was supported by Austria but aroused
protests from the governments of France and Great Britain. He was succeeded by
his son Francis II, the last Bourbon ruler of Naples and Sicily. 1836 - 1894 Francis II 58 58 Francis II (of Naples) (1836-94), king of Naples (1859-61). Son of Ferdinand
II, king of the Two Sicilies, and grandson of Francis I, he was the last
Bourbon ruler of the Two Sicilies. He tried to continue the autocratic
policies of his father, but his kingdom was lost in the unification of Italy.
In 1860 the kingdom was invaded by revolutionary troops under the Italian
nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, and it was forced to capitulate the
following year. Compelled to abdicate in 1861, Francis lived thereafter in
various European countries, from which he occasionally organized abortive
conspiracies against the new kingdom of Italy. Joseph Morgan 1822 - 1899 Theresa Christina 77 77 1605 - 1656 John IV 51 51 John IV, in Portuguese, Joao IV, called The Fortunate (1605-56), king of
Portugal (1640-56), the first of the Braganza kings. He governed Portugal with
energy and ability, restoring finances and promoting commerce and agriculture.
He proclaimed himself king after driving out the Spanish usurpers in 1640 and
finally routing them at the Battle of Montijo (1644). In 1649 and 1654 the
Portuguese won important naval victories over the Dutch off the coast of
Brazil, thereby regaining their possessions in South America. By his capable
administration, John succeeded in restoring Portugal to a respected place in
Europe. Luiza Maria De Guzman 1638 - 1705 Catherine Of Braganza 67 67 Thephilus Morgan 1798 - 1834 Pedro I 36 36 Pedro I (1798-1834), emperor of Brazil (1822-31), the second son of King John
VI of Portugal, born in Lisbon. To escape a French invasion of Portugal, Pedro
and his parents fled to Brazil in 1807. In 1821, when his father returned
home, Pedro became prince regent of Brazil. The following year he proclaimed
Brazilian independence and was crowned emperor of Brazil. Proclaimed king of
Portugal in 1826, he abdicated that same year in favor of his daughter Maria
II. Pedro's arbitrary rule and his involvement in the internal affairs of
Portugal caused his popularity to wane in Brazil. He abdicated as emperor of
Brazil in 1831 and returned to Portugal, where he supported Maria against his
brother Miguel, her rival for the throne. 1825 - 1891 Pedro II 66 66 Pedro II (1825-91), emperor of Brazil (1831-89). The son of Pedro I, he
succeeded to the throne at the age of five, on his father's abdication, and
was subject to a regency until he reached his majority in 1840. In 1843 he
married Teresa Christina, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies. The
early years of his reign were marked by revolts in various parts of the
country. Pedro had a lifelong interest in science and was a patron of the
arts. He opposed slavery, which he gradually phased out of Brazilian
life-outlawing the slave trade in 1850, initiating a process of emancipation
in 1871, and finally abolishing slavery altogether in 1888. Under his rule
Brazil fought a costly but successful war with Paraguay (1864-70), gaining
some territory as a result. Although impartial toward Brazil's rival political
groups, Pedro's use of the wide powers given to him by the imperial
constitution caused resentment, which, along with dissatisfaction among slave
owners, led to his overthrow and the establishment of a republic in 1889. Mary Morgan John Goerge Lascelles ~1482 Vasilij Lvovich Anna Stepanova ~1410 - 1465 Thomas Palaiologos 55 55 ~1424 Ekaterini Asanina Zachariaina 1350 - 1425 Manuel II 75 75 Manuel II Palaeologus (1348?-1425), son and successor of the Byzantine emperor
John V Palaeologus. In 1391 he escaped from the court of the Ottoman sultan
Bayazid I, who was holding him hostage, to take the crown. Thereupon Bayazid
laid siege to Constantinople. The city was in danger of falling when the
sultan was forced to raise the siege and defend his country against the Mongol
conqueror Tamerlane. Manuel then traveled to Europe to gain help from the
western kingdoms but was unsuccessful. In 1402, however, Tamerlane defeated
Bayazid at Ankara, and consequently Manuel enjoyed 20 years of peace. In 1422
the Byzantine Empire was attacked by the new Turkish sultan, Murad II, who
conquered the Peloponnesus (modern Greek Pelopónnisos) and forced Manuel to
pay tribute for the remaining three years of his reign. Manuel was succeeded
by his son John VIII Palaeologus, who had been coemperor since 1421. ~1372 - 1450 Jelena Dragas 78 78 1332 - 1391 Ioannis V 58 58 1333 - 1396 Eleni Kantakuzene 63 63 Ruth Shapley ~1346 Konstantin Dragas 1296 - 1341 Andronikos III 45 45 1306 - 1359/60 Jeanne Anna De Savoie 1295 - 1383 John Vi 88 88 John VI Cantacuzene (circa 1292-1383), Byzantine emperor (1347-55). He was the
friend and first minister of the Byzantine emperor Andronicus III Palaeologus,
after whose death he claimed the throne and went to war against the defenders
of the legitimate heir, nine-year-old John V Palaeologus. Cantacuzene
triumphed through the aid of the Ottoman Turks and is considered responsible
for their entry into Europe. He had reigned only seven years when Palaeologus,
having come of age, enlisted the aid of the Genoese and forced him to
abdicate. He subsequently became a monk and wrote his memoirs, one of the
major documents of Byzantine history. Cantacuzene also wrote a defense of
Hesychasm, a Greek mystical doctrine. ~1307 - BTW 1363/79 Irini Asasina 1277 - 1330 Michael Ix 53 53 ~1278 - 1333 Rita (Maria) Of Armenia 55 55 1252/53 - 1323 Amadeo V ~1284 - >1337 Marie De Brabant 53 53 1264 - 1294 Michael Kantakuzenos 30 30 Hannah Avery ~1272 - 1342 Theodora Angelina Palaiologina 70 70 ~1281 - >1355 Andronikos Palaiologos Asanes 74 74 ~1282 Glabaina Tarchanetina 1259 - 1332 Andronikos II 72 72 ~1259 - 1281 Anna Of Hungary 22 22 ~1254 Leon III ~1226 Thomas II Of Savoy ~1230 Beatrice De Fieschi 1253 - 1294 Jean I 41 41 ~1253 - 1285 Marguerite Of Flanders 32 32 Abigail Skiffe ~1260 - 1302 Ivan Asen 42 42 ~1262 Irini Palaiologina ~1256 Michael Dukas Glabas- Tarchaneitos ~1258 Maria Palaiologina Branaia ~1224 - 1282 Michael Viii 58 58 Michael VIII Palaeologus (circa 1224-82), Byzantine emperor (1261-82), who
restored Greek rule over the Byzantine Empire, which had been conquered by the
Latins in 1204. An aristocrat, Michael served the emperors of Nicaea, a Greek
principality established after the Latin victory. When Emperor Theodore II
Lascaris died, Michael was named guardian of his son and successor, but soon
seized (1259) power for himself. In 1261 Michael's army captured
Constantinople from the Latins. With much of the Byzantine Empire now in his
hands, he had himself crowned emperor. The last years of his reign were spent
in a protracted struggle with Charles I, Angevin king of the Two Sicilies, who
was covetous of his domain. Michael fomented a plot by Sicilian rebels in
1282-the so-called Sicilian Vespers-which finally turned the tide in his
favor. He died later the same year on a campaign in Thrace. ~1240 - 1303 Theodora Dukaina Batatzaina 63 63 ~1243 - 1270 Ivan Mitso Mytzes 27 27 Ephraim Woodbridge ~1241 Marija Of Bulgaria ~1225 - 1263 Rostislav Mikhailovich 38 38 ~1227 - 1274 Anna Of Hungary 47 47 N.n. Williams ~1190 - 1241 Ivan Asen 51 51 ~1218 - >1241 Irini Komnene Angelina 23 23 ~1185 - 1246 Mikhail Vsevolodovich 61 61 ~1194 Mariya Romanovna Bridget ~1168 Roman Mstislavich ~1172 Predslava Ryurikovna 1705 - 1769 Samuel Morgan 64 64 1552 - 1591 Dmitrij Ivanovich 39 39 1554 Ivan Ivanovich 1557 - 1598 Fyodor I Ivanovich 41 41 ~1561 Irinia Aleksandra Sister of Boris Gudunov. 1592 Feodosya 1291 - 1316/20 Vasily Konstantinovich 1312 - 1365 Konstantin III Vasilyevich 53 53 1707 James Morgan ~1318 - 1365 Maria Fetiniya Ivanovna 47 47 ~1329 Vladimir Konstantinovich ~1347 Ivan 'bychok' Vladimirovich ~1330 - 1409 Andrei Afanasij 79 79 Vera Andreevna ~1362 - 1418 Anastasia Ivanovna 56 56 1708 Hannah Morgan ~1310 Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla ~1344 - 1403 Fedor Andreevich Koshka 59 59 ~1377 - ~1389 Ivan Fedorovich Koshkin 12 12 ~1397 Zakharij Ivanovich Koshkin ~1440 - 1503 Yurij Koshkin- Zakharin 63 63 ~1434 Ivan 'tuchko' ~1460 Irina Ivanovna ~1486 - 1543 Roman Yurevich 57 57 ~1489 Yuliyan Fedorvna Ivan Vasilevich Shestov 1710 Rachel Morgan Mariya ~1535 - 1581 Feodosia Aleksandrovna 46 46 ~1201 - 1264 Daniil Romanovich 63 63 ~1205 Anna Mstislavna 1712 Daniel Morgan ~1225 Ustiniya Daniilovna ~1222 - 1264 Andrei II Yaroslavich 42 42 ~1257 - 1309 Vasily Andreivich 52 52 ~1299 - 1355 Konstantin Vasilyevich 56 56 ~1302 Elana Mary Avery ~1232 - 1383 Dmitri IV Konstantinovich 151 151 ~1334 - 1406 Vasilissa Anna Konstantinovna 72 72 ~1350 - 1402 Semen Dimitrivich 52 52 ~1360 - >1402 Aleksandra 42 42 ~1380 Vasily Semenovich ~1414 - >1478 Ivan Vasilyevich 64 64 ~1440 Ivan Ivanovich ~1460 - 1536 Boris Ivanovich 76 76 ~1490 - 1566 Aleksandr Borisovich 76 76 ~1489 Peter Ivanovich Thomas Curtis ~1493 Mariya Vasilevna ~1515 Anastasia Petrovna ~1398 John Cotton ~1402 Jane ~1463 John Cheny ~1345 Johanna Hertforth ~1420 - 1485 Mariya Yaroslavna 65 65 1327 - 1353 Andrei Ivanovich 25 25 ~1332 - 1390 Mariya Marfa Kostantinovna 58 58 ~1352 - 1438 Elena Of Lithuania 86 86 Benjamin Fowler Residence Guilford 1353 - 1410 Vladimir 'the Brave' Andreevich 56 56 1388 - 1426 Yaroslav Vladimirovich 38 38 ~1368 Fedor 'goltyaj' Fedorovich ~1370 Mariya ~1394 Mariya Fedorovna ~1352 - 1407 Evdokiya Dmitrievna 55 55 Praskoviya Aleksandra Bryachislavna Fyodor Godunov 1712 - 1786 Frederick II 74 74 Frederick II (of Prussia), called The Great (1712-86), king of Prussia
(1740-86); during his reign, he was considered among the most notable of
enlightened despots in 18th century Europe.
Frederick was born in Berlin on January 24, 1712, son of King Frederick
William I and grandson of Frederick I. As crown prince he was trained, under
his father's supervision, to become a soldier and a thrifty administrator.
Frederick, however, encouraged by his mother, Sophia Dorothea of Hannover, and
his tutors, showed a preference for courtly life, music, and French
literature. Frederick William, failing to understand the tastes of his son,
developed an open dislike for him. At the age of 18, Frederick decided to
escape to England; his proposed plan was discovered, and he was arrested,
imprisoned, temporarily deprived of his status as crown prince, and forced to
witness the execution of one of his two confederates. After he had
subsequently applied himself diligently to fiscal and military affairs and had
consented to a marriage in 1733 with Elizabeth Christine, daughter of
Ferdinand Albert II of Brunswick, Frederick was reinstated to his position as
crown prince. He then went to live for seven years on his estate at
Rheinsburg, where, in his leisure time, he studied philosophy, history, and
poetry and corresponded with the French philosophers, notably Voltaire. In his
Antimachiavell, written during that period and published by Voltaire in 1740,
Frederick idealistically opposed the political doctrines of the Italian
statesman and philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli, favoring peaceful and
enlightened rule.

King and Military Leader
On the death of his father in 1740 Frederick became king and embarked almost
immediately on a policy of Prussian aggrandizement. When Maria Theresa became
archduchess of Austria in that same year, Frederick demanded the cession of
duchies of Silesia in return for Prussian recognition of the Pragmatic
Sanction, which gave the Austrian Habsburg dominions to Maria Theresa. Refused
by Austria, Frederick invaded Silesia, commencing the War of the Austrian
Succession. He led his forces to victory at Mollwitz in 1741 and at Chotusitz
in 1742; in the latter year, by the Treaty of Breslau, Maria Theresa was
obliged to yield the Silesian territory demanded by Prussia. Frederick
acquired East Friesland (now a region of Germany) in 1744, on the death of the
last ruler without heirs of that principality, and in 1745 he fought and won a
second war with Austria, terminated by the Peace of Dresden, which assured
Prussia the possession of Silesia.
By this time Frederick was recognized as an able military leader, and the
position of Prussia in Europe had risen considerably. The military greatness
of Frederick was demonstrated during the Seven Years' War, fought from 1756 to
1763. Frederick and his forces, aided only by financial assistance from Great
Britain, which was at war with France, opposed the armies of Austria, Russia,
Sweden, Saxony, and France. The Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763 awarded Prussia
no new territory, as it merely confirmed the boundaries that had existed
before the war; at the end of the war, however, Prussia was established as a
rival to Austria for domination of the German states. Frederick made an
alliance with Catherine II of Russia, in 1764, and by the first partition of
Poland in 1772 he received Polish Prussia, exclusive of Gdansk (Danzig) and
Torun (Thorn), thus uniting the regions of Brandenburg and Pomerania. By the
Treaty of Teschen in 1779, after the War of the Bavarian Succession, a short
conflict with Austria, Prussia was awarded the Franconian principalities of
Bavaria; Austria retained only a part of Lower Bavaria. A further step was
made toward destroying Austrian dominance in 1785, when Frederick gathered the
German princes into a union of princes, the Furstenbund, to preserve the
constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.

Administrator
Frederick was extremely sympathetic to the American Revolution and was an
admirer of George Washington. He was one of the first sovereigns to conclude a
commercial treaty with the United States. He did not, however, limit his
activities to the international scene; internal affairs flourished during his
reign. His rule was absolute; he was a ubiquitous administrator, constantly
checking the work of his officials, from whom he exacted the utmost in
conscientiousness. Under his rule new methods of agriculture and manufacturing
were introduced. Marshes were drained, providing new lands for cultivation and
colonization and the institution of serfdom, while not abolished, was somewhat
liberalized. Under Frederick's personal supervision the efficiency and size of
the army were increased. He reviewed the troops frequently, concerned himself
with the discipline of his officers and men, and wrote works for his generals
on the science of warfare. In 1747 Frederick, who was particularly interested
in the equitable distribution of justice to all classes, issued a new
codification of Prussian law, the Codex Fridericianus.

Patron of Culture
Frederick continued to patronize the arts and sciences throughout his life.
The Academy of Sciences again became an important center of learning during
his reign, and elementary education progressed as under no previous Prussian
sovereign. In his favorite residence, the palace of Sans Souci, Frederick held
court, but always entertained with judicious economy. Contemptuous of the
German language and culture, Frederick spoke French at court and patronized
French writers, many of whom, including Voltaire, paid him visits in Berlin.
Frederick himself was a musician, spending many hours with his flute. He was
also a prolific writer; his complete works were published in 30 volumes
between 1846 and 1857. He died at Sans Souci on August 17, 1786. Nathaniel Johnson Residence Guilford 1823 - 1891 Charles Frederick Alexander 68 68 Charles (of Württemberg), full German name Karl Friedrich Alexander (1823-91),
king of Württemberg (1864-91). He was the son of William I, king of
Württemberg. Charles aided Austria in the Seven Weeks' War but sided with
Prussia and the other German states in the Franco-Prussian War. His reign was
noted for liberal reforms. D. 1860 Thomas McCoy 1828 Sarah King McCoy 1910 living with Bessie in Wilkinsburg, PA. 1830 - BET 1900 AND 1910 John Wilson McCoy 1860 farmer in Robinson Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1870 farmer in Stowe Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1880 farmer in Washington Twp., Warren, IA.
1900 farmer in Licon Twp., Warren, IA.

1879 Directory of Washington Township (West).
McCoy, John W., farmer, Sec. 27; P.O. Indianola. Robert McCoy 1836 William McCoy 1860 with mother.
1900 farmer, Stowe Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1910 farmer, Kennedy Twp., Allegheny, PA. 1841 Mary McCoy 1860 with mother. 1836 Nancy McCoy 1860 with mother.
1870 with mother.
1880 epelepsy, with mother and brother. 1841 Thomas McCoy 1860 with mother.
1870 farmer, with mother.
1880 farmer in Stowe Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1910 farmer in Kennedy Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1920 farmer in Kennedy Twp., Allegheny, PA. 1806 Isabella Galloway (Garaway) Ruth Brewster ~1847 John Wilson 1880 on father's farm in Moon Twp, Allegheny, PA. 1849 Samuel Huey Wilson 1880 grocer in Pittsburgh, PA.
1900 coal merchant, living with his sister Mary.
1910 laborer, odd jobs living with his sister Mary. ~1851 Robert Charles Wilson 1852 Mary Catherine Wilson ~1856 Elizabeth Wilson Verner ~1858 Howard Wilson ~1864 George Sampson Wilson ~1860 Martha Wilson Lawrence ~1866 William James Wilson ~1862 Nettie Wilson Elizabeth Sherman 1814 - 1893 Susanna Maffett 79 79 1880 in Pittsburgh, PA. ~1837 William Wilson ~1845 George Jackson Wilson 1848 Robert James Wilson 1851 John Hart Wilson 1880 with mother. 1853 Sarah Elizabeth Wilson 1855 Anna Mary Wilson 1880 with mother. 1857 Calvin Wilson 1880 with mother. Mary Jane Lydia Hemingway William Edie ~1817 Sarah A. Maginnis 1880 wd, chandler mfg. in Pittsburgh, PA. ~1844 Robert Henry Wilson 1870 clerk in store, living with parents. 1845 Mary Wilson 1880 wd, living with mother.
1900 wd, living with her sister Sarah. 1846 Sarah Louise Wilson 1870 living with parents.
1900 wd, in Wilkinsburgh, PA.
1910 wd, in Wilkinsburgh, PA.
1920 wd, in Wilkinsburgh, PA. 1849 James Dinwiddie Wilson 1870 clerk in store, living with parents.
1880 clerk in Pittsburgh, PA.
1900 sales clerk in Tarentum, PA.
1910 president, glass works in Tarentum, PA. ~1851 Harvey G. Wilson 1870 salesman in store, living with parents.
1880 soap mfg, Pittsburgh, PA.
1900 bookkeeper, Elizabth Twp, PA.
1910 treasurer, glass co. in Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 treasurer, glass co. in Pittsburgh, PA. Martha Helen Wilson ~1854 John Albert Wilson 1870 living with parents.
1880 bookkeeper, living with mother. 1859 Caroline "Carrie" Brown Wilson John Norton Residence Guilford 1854 - 1900 James Craig Wilson 46 46 1846 - <1908 John D. Fagundus 62 62 11/24/1888 issued patent on 160 acres in Traill county.
1900 farmer, Hillsboro, Traill, ND. 1881 - 1960 Mary W. Fagundus 79 79 1910 mother of 2, 2 still living. 1884 Aimee Josephine Fagundus 1910 nurse in Anoka, MN. P.O.B. is PA.
1920 in Duluth, MN. Lemoyne Dawson Fagundus Not with family on 1900 census. 1887 - 1973 Elizabeth Ruth Fagundus 85 85 1910 none, with mother, Minneapolis, MN.
1920 superintendent, dry goods co, Grand Rapids, MI.
1930 personnel director, dept store, Baltimore, MD.

Name: Ruth Fagundus
Certificate: 019142
Death Place: Brookline
Death Date: 31 May 1973
Birth Place: North Dakota 1852 - 1914 Lucy Bell Carlisle 62 62 1900 wd, none, mother of 6, 3 still living, Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 wd, none, mother of 6, 3 still living, with SIL Elizabeth. 1876 Alexander Wilson 1900 carpenter living with mother.
1920 carpenter in Pittsburgh, PA. 1880 - 1923 James Craig Wilson 43 43 1900 errand boy, living with mother.
1910 clerk, ?, with mother.
1920 real estate agent in Pittsburgh, PA. 1882 Annie C. Wilson 1900 living with mother. Elizabeth Forsyth 1861 Stephen Henry Lloyd 1900 real estate, Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 agent, real estate, Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 agent, insurance co, Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 owner, real estate, Pittsburgh, PA. Martha Bynon Lloyd 1901 Mary Craig Lloyd 1930 none, with parents. 1903 Jeanne Bynon Lloyd 1930 teacher, public school, with parents. ~1876 Ann Rutledge ~1901 Mary R. Wilson 1876 - 1942 George Ketcham Hagaman 65 65 1910 physician, Anoka, MN.
1918 physician, Anoka, MN.
1920 doctor in St. Paul, MN.
1930 physician, private practice, St. Paul, MN.

Name: DR. GEORGE K. HAGAMAN
Death Date: 07/11/1942 00:00:00
Death Place: RAMSEY
State File Number: 024856 1907 Martha J. Hagaman 1930 none, with parents. 1909 George Hagaman 1930 office clerk, bonds broker, with parents. 1913 - 1988 Elizabeth Hagaman 75 75 Name:    Elizabeth H. Corning
SSN:    072-52-1778
Last Residence:    28374  Pinehurst, Moore, North Carolina, United States of America
Born:    25 Jun 1913
Died:    14 Dec 1988
State (Year) SSN issued:    New York (1973 )

Name:    ELIZABETH HAGAMAN CORNING
Age:    75 Years
Death Date:    14 December 1988
Place of Death:    Pinehurst, Moore, North Carolina
Birth Date:    25 June 1913
Gender:    Female
Race:    White
Marital Status:    Married
Autopsy:    No
Hospital:    Home
Bed Code:
Attendant:    Physician
Burial:    Cremation in state
Father:    HAGAMAN
Place of Injury:
State of Birth:    Minnesota
Residence:    Pinehurst, Moore, North Carolina
Social Security Number:    072521778 Elizabeth Gates William Ives Punky Ives Living Ives Living Ives 1911 - 1995 Charles Townsend Corning 83 83 Name:    Charles T. Corning
SSN:    477-10-7609
Last Residence:    28388  Southern Pines, Moore, North Carolina, United States of America
Born:    24 Jul 1911
Died:    5 Apr 1995
State (Year) SSN issued:    Minnesota (Before 1951 )

Name:    CHARLES TOWNSEND CORNING SR
Age:    83 Years
Death Date:    05 April 1995
Place of Death:    Southern Pines, Moore, North Carolina
Birth Date:    24 July 1911
Gender:    Male
Race:    White
Marital Status:    Widowed
Autopsy:    No
Hospital:    Nursing and Rest Homes
Bed Code:
Attendant:    Physician
Burial:    Cremation in state
Father:    TOWNSEND
Place of Injury:
State of Birth:    Minnesota
Residence:    Southern Pines, Moore, North Carolina
Social Security Number:    477107609 Living Corning Living Corning 1927 - 1996 Barbara H. Bell 68 68 Name: Barbara B. Beutell
SSN: 149-20-1780
Last Residence: 07755  Oakhurst, Monmouth, New Jersey, United States of America
Born: 22 Aug 1927
Died: Apr 1996
State (Year) SSN issued: New Jersey (Before 1951 ) 1930 - 1993 William Bell 63 63 Living Hamilton Living Bell Living Bell Living Bell 1812 - >1900 William Boston 88 88 1870 tipstave, Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 tipstave at court, Allegheny, PA.
1900 in Allegheny, PA. 1867 Mary Emma Boston 1862 - BET 1903 AND 1910 Eliza "Lizzie" J. Boston 1874 William H. Dyer 1900 toy manufactuer in Alleghny, PA.
1910 toys and notions merchant in Ben Avon, PA.
1920 merchant in Ben Avon, PA.
1930 toys and notions merchant in Ben Avon, PA. 1902 - 1977 William B. Dyer 74 74 1930 engineer, public utilities, living with parents in Ben Avon, PA. 1863 Robert W. Hastings 1900 carpenter in Ben Avon, PA.
1910 wd, clerk, iron & steel, Ben Avon, PA. Lived next to Clyde Hamilton.
1920 wd, clerk, steel company, Ben Avon, PA. 1894 Esther H. Hastings 1930 wd, in Ben Avon, PA. James Craig 1892 Dorothy G. Craig 1910 with grandparents. 1881 James Lewis O'neill 1917-18 banker, Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Newark, NJ.
1930 vice president, bank, Millburn, NJ. ~1917 James Craig O'neill ~1921 Martha T. O'neill 1822 - 1889 Thomas B. McGahan 67 67 1860 cooper, Moon Twp, Allegheny, PA.
1870 farmer, West Wheatfield, Indiana, PA. 1862 William McGahan 1900 postal clerk, railroad in Pittsburgh. PA.
1930 clerk mail r/r in Pittsburgh, PA. 1896 - 1974 Helen McGahan 78 78 Name:    Helen Reese
SSN:    262-80-9238
Last Residence:    14830  Corning, Steuben, New York, United States of America
Born:    13 Feb 1896
Died:    Jun 1974
State (Year) SSN issued:    Florida (1962 ) 1893 - 1976 Robert Edgar Reese 83 83 1930 clerical odd jobs, living with Helen's parents.

Name:    Robert Reese
SSN:    113-01-2454
Last Residence:    14830  Corning, Steuben, New York, United States of America
Born:    15 Aug 1893
Died:    Oct 1976
State (Year) SSN issued:    New York (Before 1951 ) 1925 Robert C. "Bobby" Reese 1788 - 1859 James Moreland 70 70 1797 Elizabeth Moreland 1801 Rachel (Cotter) Moreland 1805 - 1854 Maria (McGill) Moreland 48 48 1846 - BET 1920 AND 1930 William J. Fullerton 1870 tailor, Pittsburgh, PA.
1880 tailor, Pittsburgh, PA.
1900 day laborer, Denver, CO. William J. Fullerton, enumerator.
1910 clerk, city ? dept, Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 no occupation, Springfield Twp, Delaware, PA.

IGI
DOB 31 MAR 1843 Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania. 1876 Harry B. Fullerton 1900 paint salesman, with parents, in Denver, CO.
1910 lawnkeeper, city ?, with parents, Pittsburg, PA. 1874 Alexander W. Fullerton 06/05/1900 clerk, Westinghouse, in Pittsburgh, PA with step grandmother, Mary Wilson.
06/09/1900 office clerk, with parents in Denver, CO.
1910 clerk, machine co, Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 official, electric co., Springfield Twp, Delaware, PA.
1930 purchasing agent in Swathmore, PA. ~1877 May McClure ~1905 Alexander Wilson Fullerton 1930 clerk, living with parents. ~1910 Charlotte Fullerton ~1912 Mary Fullerton 1823 - 1901 Elizabeth "Eliza" Wilson 78 78 04/19/1850 entered Port of New York from Liverpool on the Princeton.
1860 living with parents in Pittsburgh, PA.
1870 in Pittsburgh, PA.

Name:    Mcmurray, Eliza
Age:    25
Gender:    Female
Embarkation:    Liverpool
Ship:    Princeton
Occupation:    house keeper
Passengers:    430
Residence:    Co.Down
Native Country:    Ireland
Destination:    New York
Arrival Date:    19 April 1850 1831 Elizabeth Mitchell 1900 wd, in Pittsburgh, PA. 1854 - 1912 Adam Wilson 58 58 1880 carpenter, with parents.
1900 contractor in Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 president, contracting co., Pittsburgh, PA. 1857 Joseph Charles Wilson 1880 carpenter, with parents.
1900 contractor in Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 building contractor in Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 contractor, own business in Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 proprietor builder in Pittsburgh, PA. 1863 - 1920 Victor Grant Wilson 57 57 1900 bookkeeper living with in-laws in Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 clerk, lumber yard in Pittsburgh, PA. 1859 Mary Wilson 1900 mother of 8, 5 still living.
1910 in Pittsburgh, PA. 1865 Clara Wison 1900 living with mother. 1871 James Wilson 1867 - 1962 Emma Wilson 95 95 1900 living with mother. 1870 Harry Wilson 1900 office clerk, living with mother.
1930 president, spring mfg, in Pittsburgh, PA. 1872 Oscar Wilson 1900 bank clerk, living with mother.
1920 bank clerk in Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 asst cashier, bank in Pittsburgh, PA. 1861 Howard H. Wilson 1869 Agnes "Aggie" Wilson 1900 living with mother. 1865 Mary "Mamie" (Dickson) Dixon 1859 John M. Milholland 1900 machinist in Pittsburgh, PA. 1884 Charles Milholland 1910 Harry C., engineer, water co., with mother. 1887 James Milholland James Milholland '11, president of the Board of Trustees when President Hetzel died, served as Acting President of Penn State for over two and a half years before the Board selected Milton S. Eisenhower to head the institution, which had become the twelfth largest in the country and was engaged in almost continuous expansion of enrollment, staff, buildings and services. During these years enrollment of veterans reached its peak, and construction of men's and women's residence halls in large units (Simmons, McElwain and West Halls) was undertaken on a self-amortizing basis to accommodate regular resident undergraduates as the "farming out" program ended. Mineral sciences, plant industries and a classroom building (Willard) also were completed.

Name:    MILHOLLAND, MARGARET
Social Security #:    555288405
Sex:    FEMALE
Birth Date:    1 Jan 1893
Birthplace:    CALIFORNIA
Death Date:    8 Mar 1957
Death Place:    SAN FRANCISCO
Mother's Maiden Name:    SHANK
Father's Surname:    JOHNSTON 1889 Mary Helen Milholland 1910 Mary H., nurse, hospital, with mother. 1886 Clara J. Milholland 1910 scholl teacher, with mother. ~1881 Emma Myers ~1878 Juliet P. ~1866 Fairene F. Rena Stone ~1901 Howard H. Wilson ~1897 Burnett Wilson N.n. Caratone Hilda Hilderic D. 0484 Hunneric Eudoxia Flavius 0400 - 0477 Gaiseric 77 77 Gaiseric, also Genseric (400?-77), king of the Vandals (428-77) at the time of their greatest power. The illegitimate son of Godigiselus, leader of the Vandals during the invasion of Gaul, Gaiseric succeeded his brother Gunderic (reigned 406-28) in 428. The next year he led all his people from Spain to Africa. The Roman general in Africa, Bonifacius, tried vainly to turn the
Vandals back, but was defeated and forced to flee to Italy. After a triumphant progress across northern Africa, the Vandals captured Carthage in 439, and Gaiseric made the city his capital. Vandal fleets raided Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. In 455 Gaiseric used the death of the Roman emperor Valentinian III as a pretext for the invasion of Rome. The city was undefended, and the Vandals entered it peacefully, pillaged it for 14 days, and carried away its treasures. When he withdrew, Gaiseric took as hostages Valentinian's widow, the empress Eudoxia, and her two daughters, along with Roman citizens, who were treated as slaves. He then led his armies eastward, laying waste to Greece and Dalmatia and threatening Constantinople. Two major attempts to subdue the Vandals, by the Western Roman emperor Majorian (reigned 457-61) in 457 and by the Eastern Roman emperor Leo I in 468, were unsuccessful. The Eastern emperor Zeno was forced to recognize Gaiseric and make peace with him in 476. Gaiseric was succeeded by his son Hunneric (reigned 477-84), under whom the African empire of the Vandals began to disintegrate. 0419 - 0455 Valentinian III 36 36 Valentinian III (419-55), Western Roman emperor (425-55). He was put on the throne under the regency of his mother by Theodosius II, Roman emperor of the East. Valentinian was weak; from 433 to 454 his general Flavius Aetius was the
actual ruler. During his reign, much of the Western Empire was ravaged by invaders; Africa was seized (429) by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, and the Danubian provinces, Gaul, and Italy were overrun (441) by Attila, king of the Huns. Aetius won a great victory over Attila in 451 at Chalons-sur-Marne, Gaul. Valentinian killed Aetius in 454 but was murdered the following year by two of the general's supporters. 0422 - 0463 Eudoxia Flavius 41 41 D. 0406 Godigiselus D. 0421 Constantius III Constantius III (died 421), Western Roman emperor (421). A general in the
service of the Western emperor Honorius, Constantius became virtual ruler of
the western provinces in 414, when he forced the Visigoths out of Gaul into
Spain. In 417 he married Honorius's sister, Galla Placidia. The next year he
recalled the Visigoths from Spain and established a kingdom for them in
southern Gaul under their ruler Wallia (reigned 415-19). During the last year
of his life, Constantius was officially recognized by Honorius as co-emperor. 0392 - 0450 Galla Placida 58 58 Sister of Western Emperor Honorius. 0317 - 0361 Constantius II 44 44 Constantius II, full name Flavius Julius Constantius (317-61), Roman emperor
(351-61), second son of Constantine the Great. On his father's death (337)
Constantius was given the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire and became
involved in a war with Shapur II, Sassanid king of Persia. When his brother,
the Western emperor Constans I, was murdered by a usurper, Magnentius, in 350,
Constantius led an army into the Balkans, where he defeated Magnentius at the
Battle of Mursa (modern Osijek, Croatia) and became (351) sole ruler of the
empire. After campaigning against the Germans and Sarmatians on the Danube
River in 357, he returned to the East, where he continued the war against the
Sassanids until his death. Constantius favored the Arian form of Christianity,
and was an opponent of St. Athanasius, the orthodox bishop of Alexandria. Fausta 0274 - 0337 Constantine 'the Great' 63 63 Constantine the Great (about AD 274-337), Roman emperor (306-37), the first
Roman ruler to be converted to Christianity. He was the founder of
Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), which remained the capital of the
Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire until 1453.

Early Life
Constantine the Great was born Flavius Valerius Constantinus at Nis, in what
is now Serbia, son of the commander Constantius Chlorus (later Constantius I)
and Helena (later Saint Helena), a camp follower. Constantius became
co-emperor in 305. Constantine, who had shown military talent in the East,
joined his father in Britain in 306. He was popular with the troops, who
proclaimed him emperor when Constantius died later the same year. Over the
next two decades, however, Constantine had to fight his rivals for the throne,
and he did not finally establish himself as sole ruler until 324.
Following the example of his father and earlier 3rd-century emperors,
Constantine in his early life was a solar henotheist, believing that the Roman
sun god, Sol, was the visible manifestation of an invisible "Highest God"
(summus deus), who was the principle behind the universe. This god was thought
to be the companion of the Roman emperor. Constantine's adherence to this
faith is evident from his claim of having had a vision of the sun god in 310
while in a grove of Apollo in Gaul. In 312, on the eve of a battle against
Maxentius, his rival in Italy, Constantine is reported to have dreamed that
Christ appeared to him and told him to inscribe the first two letters of his
name (XP in Greek) on the shields of his troops. The next day he is said to
have seen a cross superimposed on the sun and the words "in this sign you will
be the victor" (usually given in Latin, in hoc signo vinces). Constantine then
defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, near Rome. The Senate
hailed the victor as savior of the Roman people. Thus, Constantine, who had
been a pagan solar worshiper, now looked upon the Christian deity as a bringer
of victory. Persecution of the Christians was ended, and Constantine's
co-emperor, Licinius, joined him in issuing the Edict of Milan (313), which
mandated toleration of Christians in the Roman Empire. As guardian of
Constantine's favored religion, the church was then given legal rights and
large financial donations.

Sole Ruler
A struggle for power soon began between Licinius and Constantine, from which
Constantine emerged in 324 as a victorious Christian champion. Now emperor of
both East and West, he began to implement important administrative reforms.
The army was reorganized, and the separation of civil and military authority,
begun by his predecessor, Diocletian, was completed. The central government
was run by Constantine and his council, known as the sacrum consistorium. The
Senate was given back the powers that it had lost in the 3rd century, and new
gold coins (solidi) were issued, which remained the standard of exchange until
the end of the Byzantine Empire.
Constantine intervened in ecclesiastical affairs to achieve unity; he presided
over the first ecumenical council of the church at Nicaea in 325. He also
began the building of Constantinople in 326 on the site of ancient Greek
Byzantium. The city was completed in 330 (later expanded), given Roman
institutions, and beautified by ancient Greek works of art. In addition,
Constantine built churches in the Holy Land, where his mother (also a
Christian) supposedly found the True Cross on which Jesus was crucified. The
emperor was baptized shortly before his death, on May 22, 337.

Evaluation
Constantine the Great unified a tottering empire, reorganized the Roman state,
and set the stage for the final victory of Christianity at the end of the 4th
century. Many modern scholars accept the sincerity of his religious
conviction. His conversion was a gradual process; at first he probably
associated Christ with the victorious sun god. By the time of the Council of
Nicaea (325), however, he was completely Christian, but still tolerated
paganism among his subjects. Although criticized by his enemies as a proponent
of a crude and false religion, Constantine the Great strengthened the Roman
Empire and ensured its survival in the East. As the first emperor to rule in
the name of Christ, he was a major figure in the foundation of medieval
Christian Europe. 0289 - 0326 Fausta 37 37 0250 - 0306 Constantius I 56 56 Constantius I, full name FLAVIUS VALERIUS CONSTANTIUS, called Constantius
Chlorus (AD 250?-306), Roman emperor (305-06). He was a general and
administrator under Emperor Maximian, who adopted him and gave him the
government of Gaul and the rank of caesar in 293. When his coemperors,
Maximian and Diocletian, abdicated in 305, Constantius became emperor in the
West and prepared to conquer the Picts of Scotland. He died at Eboracum
(modern York, England) during the campaign, after proclaiming his son
Constantine the Great his successor as emperor. 0248 - 0328 H‚lšna Flavia Julia 80 80 Helena, Saint (248?-328?), concubine and possibly wife of the Roman emperor
Constantius I, and mother of Constantine the Great, emperor of Rome. She was
probably born in Drepanum, later called Helenopolis in her honor, in the
ancient Roman province of Bithynia. When Constantius was named Caesar, or
successor to the throne of the Roman Empire, in 293, he abandoned her to marry
the stepdaughter of Maximian. She devoted the rest of her life to religious
pilgrimages, visiting Jerusalem about 325 and founding there the Church of the
Holy Sepulcher and the Church of the Nativity. According to later legends, in
Palestine she discovered the cross on which Jesus was crucified. Her feast day
is August 18. ~0240 - 0310 Maximian 70 70 Maximian, in Latin Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus (240?-310), Roman
emperor (286-305, 306-08), born of humble parents in the Roman province of
Pannonia (in present Slovenia). Because of his distinguished military service,
the emperor Diocletian made him coruler of the Roman Empire with the title
augustus. When Diocletian abdicated in 305, however, he compelled Maximian to
do the same. Maximian retired to private life in Lucania, southern Italy, but
returned to Rome in 306 to assist his son, the Roman emperor Marcus Maxentius.
Two years later, however, he was driven from Italy by Maxentius, who wished to
rule alone. He sought refuge in Gaul with his son-in-law,Constantine the
Great. Maximian conspired to seize control of the government, but was forced
by Constantine to commit suicide. 0347 - 0395 Theodosius I 48 48 Theodosius I, full name Flavius Theodosius, called Theodosius the Great
(346?-395), Roman emperor of the East (379-395) and of the West (394-395), the
last man to rule a united Roman Empire. Theodosius was born in Spain, the son
of the Roman general Theodosius. As a young man he accompanied his father on
campaigns in Britain, but on his father's death he retired to Spain. When the
eastern Roman emperor Valens was killed fighting the Visigoths at Adrianople
in 378, the western Roman emperor Gratian chose Theodosius to rule in the
East; he was crowned the following year. In 382, after numerous skirmishes,
Theodosius negotiated a favorable peace with the Goths, permitting them to
reside in his empire on the condition that they serve in his army. After the
murder of Gratian in 383, Theodosius recognized the usurper Magnus Clemens
Maximus as emperor of the West, with the exception of Italy, where Valentinian
II continued to rule as Gratian's legal successor. When Maximus invaded Italy
in 388, Theodosius defeated and killed him and restored Valentinian as Roman
emperor of the West.
Theodosius was a strong champion of orthodox Christianity; he persecuted the
Arians and discouraged the practice of the old Roman pagan religion. In 390,
however, he ordered the massacre of 7000 insurgent citizens of Thessoloníki,
Greece, and was excommunicated by Bishop Ambrose of Milan, who demanded public
penance before lifting the ban. In 392 Valentinian was murdered by his general
Arbogast, who set up Eugenius as puppet ruler in his place. Theodosius again
marched to Italy, where he defeated Arbogast and Eugenius in September 394.
During the following four months he was the ruler of both East and West. After
his death at Milan on January 17, 395, he was succeeded by his sons Arcadius
in the East and Flavius Honorius in the West. 0384 - 0423 Honorius 38 38 Flavius Honorius, b. Sept. 9, 384, became coruler of the Roman Empire on the
death of his father, Theodosius I, in 395. While his brother Arcadius became
emperor in the East, Honorius assumed charge of the western half of the
empire. However, real power in the West rested with Flavius Stilicho, the
Vandal general whom Theodosius had appointed as regent.

Territorial disputes, aggravated by ambitious regents, soon drove the brothers
apart and effectively divided the empire. For more than a decade, Stilicho
managed to preserve the West, which was besieged by barbarian invaders; but in
408 he was charged with high treason and executed on Honorius's orders. Two
years later (410), Rome was sacked for the first time in 700 years by the
Visigoths under Alaric. By the time Honorius died on Aug. 15, 423, the process
of disintegration had become irreversible, and the future of Western Europe
was in the hands of the Germanic tribes. ~0377 - 0408 Arcadius 31 31 Flavius Arcadius, b.  c.377, d.  May 1, 408, was the first emperor of the
Eastern, or Byzantine, empire after the permanent division of the Roman Empire
on the death (395) of Theodosius I.  The oldest son of Theodosius, Arcadius
inherited the east, and his brother Honorius received the west.

Arcadius was a weak ruler dominated by his ministers, notably Rufinus and
Eutropius, and by his Frankish wife, Eudoxia.  In 395, Greece was overrun by
the Visigoths under Alaric.  A campaign against them by the general Flavius
Stilicho was cut short when Arcadius ordered Stilicho out of the east.  The
emperor then made peace (397) with Alaric by making him supreme commander of
Illyricum.  Two years later the empire's Gothic mercenary troops
revolted and held Constantinople for six months before they were defeated.
Arcadius's court was repeatedly denounced for immorality by John Chrysostom,
patriarch of Constantinople, whom the emperor banished in 404.  Arcadius was
succeeded by his son, Theodosius II. Gala 0401 - 0450 Theodsius II 49 49 Ruler (408-50) of the eastern Roman Empire, Theodosius II, b. Apr. 10, 401, d.
July 28, 450, was the son and successor of Arcadius.  Theodosius, basically a
scholar, tended to let others--including his sister Pulcheria (399-453) and
his wife, Eudocia (d. 460)--influence state decisions.  Despite this weakness,
he inspired his generals to repel invading Persians in 421, 422, and 441.  His
administration was highlighted by the Council of Ephesus (431;
and publication of the Theodosian Code of laws (438).  Theodosius
was succeeded by Marcian (r. 450-57). 0394 - 0460 Eudoxie 66 66 0321 - 0375 Valentinian I 54 54 Valentinian I (321-75), Western Roman emperor (364-75), born in Cibalae (near
modern Osijek, Croatia). He was an important military figure under the
emperors Julian and Jovian; upon the death of the latter, he was elected by
the Roman army to succeed Jovian. Valentinian chose his brother Valens to
share his rule, as Roman emperor of the East, and reserved for himself
Illyricum, Italy, Gaul (roughly conforming to modern France), Britain, Spain,
and north Africa. Under his administration, the Roman authority was restored
in Gaul, Africa, and Britain, and victories were won over the Alamanni.
Valentinian furthered education throughout his empire and provided medical
care for the poor of Rome; although an orthodox Christian, he was tolerant in
matters of religion. 0320S - 0388 Justine Flavia Augusta Gervase Abbo Le Breton Arnold Le Gros D. ~1020 Gerol D'eschauffon Gisele De Montfort Ralph De Bayeux Balso De Bayeux Ancitel De Bayeux Ring Daggson Alfhild Alofo Of Norway D. ~0970 Bergslioth Toresdatter D. 0900 H†kon Of Hlade Sigurd Of Hlade 0935 - 0995 Hakon Sigurdson Lade Jarl 60 60 Daughter Of H†kon Thora Skagesdatter Alice De Bouroogne 1150 - 1218 Simon IV De Montfort 68 68 Bouchard V D. 1221 Alix De Montmorenci 1209 - 1265 Simon V De Montfort 56 56 Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester (1200?-65), English statesman and
soldier, born of an Anglo-French family in Normandy, France. In 1229 he came
to England from France, where two years later Henry III, king of England,
confirmed his title and estates. He married Eleanor, the youngest sister of
the king, in 1238. As a leader of the English barons, Montfort expressed their
dissatisfaction with the arbitrary rule of the king. When Henry rejected the
Provisions of Oxford, by which the barons had obtained a share in the
government, Montfort took up arms; he captured the king in 1264 (see Barons'
War). After his victory he established an assembly to assist the king's
council; it included representatives of the gentry and the towns and is
considered an ancestor to the later Parliament. The barons, however, became
dissatisfied with Montfort, and he was killed in a battle against combined
royal and baronial forces at Evesham on August 4, 1265. Eleonore De Montfort Senena D. 1278 Llywelyn Ap Gruffydd D. 1337 Gwenllian Verch Llywelyn ~1324 - 1404 Joan Burghersh 80 80 1320 John Mohun ~1357 - 1400 Matilda Mohun 43 43 1282 - 1311 John Vi Le Strange 28 28 ~1277 - >1311 Isolda 34 34 1301 - 1349 Roger Le Strange 47 47 <1305 - <1344 Maud 39 39 ~1327 - 1382 Roger Le Strange 55 55 1314 - 1386 Aline (Olive) Fitzalan 72 72 1352 - 1397 John Viii Le Strange 45 45 ~1265 Reginald Cobham ~1269 Joan De Vere ~1295 - 1361 Reynold Cobham 66 66 ~1321 - 1369 Joan De Berkely 48 48 ~1348 - 1403 Reynold Cobham 55 55 1381 - 1446 Reginald Cobham 65 65 ~1351 Thomas Colepepper ~1355 Eleanor Greene ~1383 - 1420 Eleanor Colepepper 37 37 ~1417 Edward Neville ~1414 Catherine Howard ~1457 Anne Neville Joyce Culpepper D. 0805 Nivelon I Cyrid Of Sweden ~1334 Diego Gomez De Toledo ~1338 Inez Alfons De Ayala Gauloise De Belgigue 0592 - 0652 Itte De Nivelle 60 60 1430S - 1500S Isabelle De Bourbon 1459 - 1516 Wladyslaw II Jagellon 57 57 Anne Of Bohemia 1482 - 1517 Marie Of Aragon 35 35 Marie Of Spain 1686 - 1747 Christian- Auguste D'anhalt-Zerbst 61 61 1713 - 1760 Johanna- Elizabeth De Holstein-Gottorp 47 47 1651 - 1694 Nathalie Narichkine 43 43 Living Fredericksen Living Fredericksen Bertha ~1420 Thomas De Astley Editha Constable Peter Constable ~1290 John Le Fowler Isabel Foxley ~1228 - 1301 Reginaldus Le Fowler 73 73 Reginaldus Le Fowler, of Shryvenham, Co. Berks, is the first one of the line that can be definitely located.  He d. 29 Edward I, 1301.  In the Calendaium Genealogicum Henry III and Edward I., Master of the Rolls, Vol. 2, p. 602, we find the following: "Reginaldus Le Fowler de Shryvenham.  Inquisition Post mortem: Johanes Le Fowler de Shryvenham filius praedicti Reginaldi est propinquior haeres ejus et est aetatis triginta duorum annorum amplius, 29 Edward I, 1301.  Berks."

Master of the Rolls, Vol. 2, p. 602...
"According to certain accounts, the family of Fowler is of Norman descent and went into England with William the Conqueror in 1066. The earliest record of the name in England is that of Richard Fowler of Foxley, County of Buckingham, who accompanied Richard Coeur de Lion (Richard the Lionhearted) to the Holy Land in 1191. For his service he won the crest used with the family coat of arms and a a grant of lands at Abbey Cwm-Hir, County of Radnor, Wales. From Richard Fowler were descended the families of that name which were to be found at early dates in England, in the counties of Buckingham, Lancaster, Wilts, Stafford, Oxford, Gloucester, and Shrops, and also in Wales and Ireland. They appear to have been, for the most part, of the landed gentry and yeomanry of the British Isles." ~1269 Johannes Le Fowler 1305 - 1360 Thomas De Foxley 55 55 Purchased Foxley Manor from Sir Ralph Dayrell in 1314; knight of Foxley, Berks and Bramhill, Hants; M.P. for berks 1327-28, 1337-38. John Gernon Elizabeth Gernon John Rycote D. 1292 Lora De Vere ~1173 - 1282 Giles De Argentine 109 109 ~1217 - 1307 Reginald De Argentine 90 90 D. 1318 John De Argentine Roger Bryan Joan Bryan Mercia (Vercia) ~1595 Philip Slocombe Will of Phillip Slocombe, of Gotehurst, Somerset
Obtained by Judy Slocum from Public Record Office
Written 18 February 1624
PROB11/146


In the name of God Amen the eighteenth daie of Februarie Anno Domini 1624 I Philip Slocombe of Gotehurst in the countie of Somersett yeoman beinge sicke of bodie but in perfecte minde and memorie praised be god doe make this my laste will and testamente in manner and forme followinge First I bequeath my Soule to All mighty god my maker and redeemer and my bodie I committ to the earth from whence it came It[em] I give to the cathedrall church of welles Foure pence, It[em] I give to my sonne Gyles Slocombe three poundes, It[em] I give unto my childe that my wife now goes with if it live and survive Eight Poundes to be putt to intreast for them by my overseers hereafter named from the tyme of my death untill they come to the Age of one and twenty yeares It[em] my will is that if either of these my children doe dye before he or shee doe attaine to the Age of one and Twenty yeares then the moneyes before given shall remaine to the survivor of them. The rest of my goods and estate whether in chattelles money debtes or plate or whatsoever, not herein before given nor bequeathed my debtes paid and my funerall discharged I give and bequeathe unto Charitie my wife whome I make and ordaine my whole Executrix And I ordane and appointe Richard Linham Aldred Bickham John Studdier and William Bickham my brothers in lawe to be my overseers to see this my laste will and testament performed. In wittness hereof I have sett my hand in the presence of John Studdier Sig____ Thome Sully William Bickham.

[Probate Statement in Latin]


Transcription by:
Carlene Morrison
July13, 2003 ~1600 - 1642/43 Charity Bickham D. 1682 Giles Slocum Giles Slocombe emigrated to America after his mother's death.  He was the sole executor of her will dated November 21, 1642 and proved January 26,1643 in Old Cleeve, Somerset, England.  His father had died earlier, so he assumed full adult responsibility at an early age.  He married when he was eighteen and had his first child a year later.  Upon immigration he first went to Taunton, Plymouth Colony  where Anthony Slocum (possibly his uncle) lived.  He owned land rights that he later sold in 1675.  He then removed to Rhode Island.
Gyles Slocum paid three pounds for thirty acres of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island September 4, 1648 to William Baulston, Treasurer, and entered upon record by Richard Bulgar, recorder for ye towne of Portsmouth.  In 1655 he was recorded as a freeman of Portsmouth as shown by "the Roule of ye Freemen of ye Colonie of everie Towne".
Giles owned "ase, cowes, oxen, sheepe, horskine" and "the earemarke of Gyles Slocom is a Crope in the right eare anda hapeny under the same one the lime eare, with a slitt in the left eare and a hapeny under of thirty years standing and is entered upon record this 25th of April 1668 by me, Richard Bulger, towneclerk".
Giles and Joan separated from the First Baptist Church of Newport, Rhode Island in 1673 when they went to the Quakers-Society of Friends. He deeded land for a meeting house in Portsmouth, Rhode Island.

English Origins of New England Families, Vol 2
Etymology of the Surnames Slocomb, Slocumb, and Slocum
Materials Toward a Hist of the Bapt. Vol 1, page 175, Morgan Edwards

First Settlers of the Plantations of Piscataway and Woodbridge, Olde EastNew Jersey
O.E. Monnette, Vol I, page 215
5-23-1667 Robert Carr to Giles Slocum, in Nevasinck, 1 share Arunson and Petapeck
2-28-1670 John Wood to Giles Slocum, in Nerwetacunck near New York, all his share
4-1-1672 Thomas Lawton to Giles Slocum, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, 2 whole shares in Potapeck and gift lands
1676 Giles Slocum to John Slocum, in Nevasinck, 1 share Arunson and Petapeck
11-2-1676 Giles Slocum to John Slocum, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, one share in Potapeck
11-2-1676 Giles Slocum to Peter Parker, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, 1/4 share in Potapeck
11-2-1676 Giles Slocum to Joanna Mott, dau, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, 1/4 share in Potapeck ~1570 - 1610 Aldred Bickham 40 40 In the name of God: Amen: The one and twentithe daie of Julie in the yeare of our Lord God one thousand sixe hundred and tenne and in the eighth yeare of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord King James of England I Aldred Byccombe of Oldclive with in the dioces of Bathe and Wells and Countie of Somersette Clothier beinge sicke in bodie but of perfect minde and memorie (praise be to Almightie god) consideringe the frailtie of mans mortall nature howe that nothinge is there wise more certaine then deathe althoughe nothinge more uncertaine than the time thereof have thought fitt to ordain and make my last will and testament in manner and forme followinge First comendinge my Soule into the handes of Almightie god hopinge assuredlie to receive pardon and remission of my sinnes only by the merritts deathe and passion of Christ Jesus my Saviour and to rest with him in glorie in the kingdome of heaven forever And my bodie I leave to be buried in the earthe by the discrecon and appointment of mine executrix and Overseers of this my Will And concerninge the disposicon of my temporall goodes and estate whereunto it hath pleased Almightie to endue me First I give and devise unto my daughter Charity the sume of Fiftie pounds beinge a debte due unto me by my brother William Biccombe upon twoe severall Bondes Item I give and devise unto my Daughter Mary the summe of Thirtye five poundes to be sett out and emploied at our Ladie daie next and soe from thereforthe untill her full age of one and twentith yeares to her best use and profitt Item I give and devise unto my daughter Joane the summe of thirtie poundes to be sett out and emploied to her best use and profitt within one yeare and quarter next after my deathe Item I give and devise unto my sonne William the summe of Twentie poundes in money to be sett out and imploied to his best use and profitt within three yeares next after my deathe And my further meaninge and intent is that if anie of my said three last named Children Marie Joane and William shall happen to die before they shall accomplish the age of one and twentie years That then his or her por'con soe dyinge shall remaine to the Survivors of them equallie to be devided Alsoe I give to my saide sonne William a standinge bedsteede in the lower Chamber with the bed perfourmed the newe Racke standing in the meadowe and a newe paire of Tuckers sheares in the shoppe Item my will purpose and intent is that my wife shall have the use custodie and occupa'con of all my housholde goodes stuffe and plate duringe her life And after her time I will that a good part thereof remaine to my sonne Aldred whoe is to succeede in the house and not be removed, but my will and meaning is that my wife at her discretion shall have power to dispose of anie parte of my said housholde goodes not exceedinge the value of Twenty poundes unto myne and her other children (except my silver salte and silver spoones which I will shall goe and remaine unto my said sonne Aldred) Item I give and devise unto Isot Lenham daughter of my late daughter Anne Lenham deceased the summe of Twentie shillings The residue of all my goodes and chattells not before by this my will geven or disposed I give and bequeathe unto Helen my wife whome I ordaine and appoint my sole Executrix of this my last will and testament And I doe further ordaine and appoint my brother William Biccombe my friend Andrewe Speede and my brother in lawe Thomas Cridland to be Overseers of this my Will and doe earnestlie entreate them to be carefull to see the same truelie executed and performed and in consideracon of their love and care in this behalfe to be taken I give unto everie of them three shillinges foure pence Signum Ald Byckham Wittnesses to the publishinge and declaringe of the above written will and testament of the said Aldred Biccombe Geo. Hooper, Signum Johannis Hopper Signum Rich Lanham Nicholas Bartlett ~1560 - 1642 Hellen Cridland 82 82 In the name of God Amen The Foure and Twentith day of June in the yeare of our Lord Christ One thousand six hundred fortie and two I Ellen Bickham of Oldcleeve in the countie of Somersett Widdow within the dyoces of Bath and Wells beinge in reasonable health of bodie and perfect memorie (thankes be to God) and seeinge nothinge more certaine than deathe but the houre and time uncertaine have thought fitt to ordaine and make this my last Will & Testament in manner and forme following First comendinge my soule into the hands of Allmighty God, hopeinge assuredly to attaine pardone and omission of my sins by the death and passion of Christ Jesus, my Saviour and to rest with him in love in heaven for ever, and my bodie I leave to bee buried by the discretion and appointment of my Executor as the overseers of this my Will. As touching the disposall of my temporall goods and estate wherewith it hath pleased Allmighty God to endue mee First I give and devise unto my Sister Anne Ashe my best petticoate and best wastcoate, my best cloake my best hatt my best wifle band, my best Apron, my best Kercheife, my best smocke, best stockins and shooes. Item I give and devise unto Charitie Slocombe my daughter Twentie pounds, my greatest brasse pann, my third biggest crocke, one little brasse pann of the six suteable, six of my silver spoones, the featherbedd, boulster and bedstead in the parlor chamber performed, six bowles of pewter, Vizt. three platters, three potingers & halfe my wearing apparrell both Lynen and Woollen over and besides the apparrell bequeathed unto my Sister Ashe as aforesaid. Item I give and devise unto Joane Studdier my other daughter Twentie pounds, my second best brasse pann, my foureth biggest crocke, one small brasse pann of six that are suiteable, six pewter Vessells That is three potingers and three platters, the other halfondeale of my wearing apparrell both Lynnen and Woolen not formerly given and I give to John Studdier her husband Three pounds to buy him a silver boule. Item I give and devise unto Ellen daughter unto my sonne Aldred my best crocke, my best chest and one of my best brasse panns of the best suiteable. Item I give and devise unto the poorest people of the parrishes of Spaxton and Bishopes Liddierd Twenty shillings to each parrishe to bee distributed by my Executor by the advice of the Overseers of the poore in each parrishe for the time beinge. Item I give and devise to bee added to the Stocks for the poore of Old Cleeve Five pounds to bee employed by the Overseers and their Successors, and the increase to bee bestowed yearely uppon the poore of the parrishe Item I give to bee bestowed to ye poore people at my funerall Three pounds, Item I give and deviseth my couzen Nicholas Colles Twentie shillings, To his sonne John Twentie shillings, To my couzen Roger Colles Twentie shillings and to his now wife Tenn shillings, To my couzen William Colles Twentie shillings and to my Uncle John Colles his Widdow Tenn shillings. Item I give and deviseth unto everyone of my Godchildren Twelve pence, And it is my will and intent that all the former Legacies and gifts bee paid within one yeare and ahalfe next after my decease. The residue of all my goods and chattles of what nature or quallitie whatsoever aswell the chattle left unto mee by way of Executrixshipp by my sonne William Bickham called Soerchalfelax in the parrishe of Spaxton and one other chattle called Easelake in the parrishe of St Deacumans the Inheritance of George Trevelyan Esquire, with all appurtances within go & deede touching the same chattles I give assigne devise and bequeath unto my said sonne Aldred Bickham and him I make sole Executor of this my last Will and Testament And finally I ordaine and appointe my well beloved Francis Cridland and Humphrey Hooper Overseers of this my last Will and Testament desireinge them to see the same truly performed. And in consideration of their love and paines I give to every one of them five shillings. The signe of Ellen Bickham. Witnesses to the acknowledginge hereof John Jenkins Cler; Francis Cridland, Andrew Ian

Md [Memorandum] that whereas by a former Will I did give diverse Legacies (Vizt) unto five children of my daughter Joan Studdier five pounde a peice, unto Giles Slocombe the sonne of my daughter Charitie Slocombe Tenn pounds, And unto Nine children of my sonne Aldred Bickham five pounds apeace; All which severall sumes I have already paid in manner followinge; Vizt unto John Studdier my said daughter Joans husband Twenty five pounds and unto my said daughter Charitie the said Tenn pounds and unto my said sonne Aldred Bickham fortie five pounds for the use and benefitt of the severall children and therefore in this last Will omitted Neverthelesse I doe devise that their parents should employ the said sumes of monie in the best manner that they may for their said childrens good untill they shall thinke fitt to devise it unto them to bee used by their owne discretions. ~1618 - 1679 Joan Cook 61 61 Raised her children as Baptists, but about Jan. 1674, Giles, Joan, Giles Jr. and two other family members were excommunicated from the church. They became Quakers and in doing so, Giles recorded the births of all his children in the Friends' records though several were now grown, married and living in distant parts. 1652 - 1702 Nathaniel Slocum 49 49 Moved to Shrewsbury Twp., New Jersey prior to 1679 in which year he received a
grat of 240 acres of land. He purchased lands at Portipeck in Neck from Peter
Tilton of Middletown, NJ on 27 SEP 1680. Several other grants and purchases
resulted in a large landed estate.

WILL of NATHANIL flocum, of ye town of fhrewsbury, Mon. Co., yeoman, "being
fick and weak of body." Dated 23th day of Ju-y, 1702. Proved by dep. of
Samuell Dennis and Robert parker, "two of ye within fubfcribing wittneffes,"
before Thomas Gordon, 29 die martij, 1703.

Gives: "unto my louing wife hannah flocum During her Natural life this fhare
of land where on I now live fcituate "... in ye fd fhrewsbury together with
all ye houfeings and Improvements ... Except a certaine peice ... "of land
being parte of ye fhare aforefaid begining at the brook yt parts ye fd fhare
of land and George huletts land "Runing as ye pafture fence Runs fo Runing as
the fence Runs to ye utter moft Exftent of ye fd fhare of land"; "unto "my fon
Samvel flocum one fhare of land Joyneing to ye fhare aboue faid on ye fouth
weft of ye brooke ... and "his heirs ... together alfo with all that fhare of
land before mentioned & bequeathed Excepte before Excepted "after his louing
mothers the faid hannah flocums Deceafe ... '; "unto my fecond fon John Slocum
"yt certaine peice ... of land aboue mentioned and Excepted being part ... of
ye fhare bequeath to my "louing wife hannah Slocum to him ... and his heirs;"
"one hundred acre of land and meadow fcituate ... in "ye towne of freehold ...
to my Daughter farah Slocum and to her heirs .... lying at ye weft end of a
"certaine tract of land Containing two hundred acres ... and bounded as in and
by ye patten ... bearing "Date ye thirteen day of January 1692"; "unto my
Daughter meribah Slocum to her ... her heirs ... one "hundred acres of land &
medow being part ... of the aboue mentioned tract ... being ye Eaft end of ye
"fd tract together with ye one ... halfe part of a certaine peice of medow
containing feven acres mentioned in ye "faid patten, the other halfe part is
farah Slocum before mentioned"; "unto my Daughter Elizabeth Slocum twenty
"pounds in Currant filver money to [be] paid unto her ... by my fon Samvel
Slocum two years after my Deceafe"; "unto my Daughter neomie Slocum ten pounds
in Currant filver money to be paid to her ... when fhe fhall come "to ye agee
of Eighteen years by my Executrix ... "; "unto my Daughter mary Slocum ten
pounds in Currant "filver money when fhe fhall attaine and come to the full
agee of Eighteen years to be paid by my Executrix"; "unto my "fd eldeft fon
Samll Slocum one Cow, one two year old horfe and one gunn ..."; "if any of my
Daughters fhall Dy "before they are Come to agee to Receive their legacy ...
that it fhall be Equally Deuided between her fifters that "furvive or are
living."

Residue of estate "unto my loving wife ye fd hannah Slocum whom I nominate ...
to be Executrix together "with my fon Samvel Slocum Executor."

Wits.: NATHANEL SLOCUM
Roberrt parker [his mark]
Meribah Slocum
Saml Dennis
Recorded in Lib. H., fol. 134-135. 1619 - 1694 Henry Tucker 75 75 ~1630 - 1697 Martha 67 67 1662 - >1702 Hannah Tucker 40 40 1682 - 1733 Samuel Slocum 51 51 Deborah 1756 - 1840 Ebenezer Slocum 84 84 Ebenezer Slocum served in the 3rd regiment, Dutchess County militia, for which received land bounty. National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Volume 81 page 120. ~1758 Sarah Wood ~1780 - 1844 Samuel Slocum 64 64 ~1784 - ~1844 Sarah Woodward 60 60 Agatha Of Brittany Margaret Of Ireland 1893 - 1947 George Terry Lee 54 54 1930 lawyer in Dallas, TX. Living Lee D. 1276 Robert Le Strange Alianore Whitechurch 1267 - 1324 Fulk Le Strange 57 57 ~1271 - 1325 Alianore Giffard 54 54 1306 - 1349 John Le Strange 43 43 D. 1361 Ankaret Le Boteler 1202 Joan Marshall Warin Munchensy D. 1307 Joan Munchensy 1225 - 1296 William De Valence 71 71 1664 - 1742 Samuel Atwater 78 78 1629 - ~1690 John Alling 61 61 1631 - 1683 Ellen Bradley 52 52 1666 - 1742 Sarah Alling 75 75 1597 - <1653 William Bradely 56 56 ~1610 - 1682 Elizabeth 72 72 John Belden 1658 John Belden 1660 Jonathan Belden 1663 Joseph Belden 1665 Samuel Belden 1668 Sarah Belden 1670 Daniel Belden 1672 Ebenezer Belden 1675 Lydia Belden 1677 Margaret Belden 1653 Dorothy Willard 1683 Josiah Belden 1685 John Belden 1687 Benjamine Belden 1690 Lidia Belden 1923 Paul M. Beutell Living Beutell Living Beutell Living Beutell Living Beutell 1692 Hannah Belden Living Beutell Living Snider Living Keech Living Keech Living Andrews Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Buswell 1694 Lydia Belden Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg 1941 - 2004 Janet Hausherr 63 63 Name: Janet Schaumberg
SSN: 143-32-3623
Last Residence: 02828  Greenville, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
Born: 9 Jan 1941
Died: 16 Jun 2004
State (Year) SSN issued: New Jersey (1957-1959 ) Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Blynn Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg Living Schaumberg 1697 Stephen Belden Living Steen Living Steen Living Steen Living Steen Living Maze Living Maze Living Maze Living Collier Living Collier Living Collier 1699 Ezra Belden Living Collier Living Collier Living McDougal Living McDougal Living McDougal 1702 Dorothy Belden ~1662 Mary Wright 1779 - 1857 Thomas Gregg 77 77 Moved out 9/3/1808, moved to Fayette Co., Pa. where he was living in 1850 with wife Margaret. He built iron clad boats for which he received patent in 1802.

"Another pioneer family, very closely associated with the Gibsons, was that of Thomas Gregg. Gregg came to New Haven in 1799, at the solicitation of John Gibson, his uncle. Here he built the first nail factory of western Pennsylvania, and his old order books, still preserved by his daughter, show that he did a thriving business. He was of an inventive turn of mind patenting a turreted warship that is said to have given Ericsson his first conception of the Monitor. He also invented other useful articles. He married Margaret Moore, who bore him thirteen children, two of whom became Methodist ministers."

Centennial history of the borough of Connellsville, Pennsylvania, 1806-1906
Evansville, Ind.: Unigraphic, 1978, 565  pgs. Pg. 41.

C. Thomas Gregg, b. 1 Apr 1779 New Castle, DE ; married, abt. 1805, Margaret Moore (1789-14 Jan 1867); d. 3 Jan 1854. Although Thomas Gregg grew up as a Quaker on the old homestead in New Castle Co. DE, he left there about 1801 as a young man and moved to Fayette Co. PA and there is no evidence that he continued to long practice the Quaker faith. He is, though, perhaps one of the most fascinating members of the family. He was called "a man of many enterprises". He is known to have operated a rolling-mill, a nail factory and a grist mill where he first lived in the town of New Haven, Dunbar Twp, across the river from Connellsville. He filed 2 patents in the U.S. Patent office; one for an iron-clad warship similar in appearance to the Confederate Merrimac but dated 1814. In 1832 he also patented a "Method for Refining Iron," that is similar to the design of the Bessemer blast furnace that later revolutionized the steel industry. He is not known to have ever built either device, though the furnace was supposed to have been tested on a small scale. During his lifetime in the New Haven and Connellsville, PA area he is also known to helped Rev. War veterans file pension claims, made gunpowder during the War of 1812, drilled for salt water, bought and sold coal, and served as Justice of the Peace. In 1809 he listed his occupation as "philosopher." He was never a financial success and once declared "insolvency". His funeral was held in the Trinity Episcopal Church in Connellsville, PA (which he joined in 1847) and he and his wife are buried in Hill Grove Cemetery nearby. Thomas and Margaret Gregg are supposed to have had 13 children. Information about some of these has been difficult to determine. Although early census records (1810-20) show Thomas with several young children, most of the birth years that have been determined seem to be later than those years. ~1712 - 1767 Samuel Gregg 55 55 Samuel was the owner of 600 acres of land in Deleware on the Brandywine Creek, at the original settlement area of the Greggs. 1717 - 1774 Ann Robinson 57 57 Will dated 05 April 1774, Probated 18 May 1774 1668 - 1738 John Gregg 70 70 1682 immigrated, will probated 27 APR 1738

Came to America with his parents in 1682. As eldest son of William Gregg, he administered the estate, dividing the land with his brothers. In 1694, he built a 2-story stone house on his property. According to Historic Houses and Buildings of Delaware, this house has a resident ghost, dressed in old Quaker garb. This house was one of the first in Deleware to demonstrate Georgian Archicture and was still standing as late as 1964. In 1702 John Gregg bought 200 acres, part of Letitia's Manor on the Brandywine and erected a mill as early as 1715, which was later conveyed to his son William. He also owned 300 acres of land in Chester Co. PA at Kennett and lived there for a time. During his lifetime he acquired about 5760 acres of land in Deleware and Chester Co. Pa. 1672 - >1738 Elizabeth Cooke 66 66 1677/87 - 1754 Joseph Robinson 1694 - 1712 Elizabeth Harlan 18 18 1642 - 1687 William Gregg 45 45 According to Kendall, he and his family were converted to the Society of Friends (Quakers) after the visit to Waterford by William Penn. in 1678. Immigrated to American in 1682, perhaps on the ship "Caledonia," settling in 1685 on 400 acre "Rockland Manor" Christiana Hundred, New Castle, DE. His land was on the West side of Brandywine Creek at the Pennsylvania border near the modern town of Centerville. He built his log cabin on a place he calledStrand Millas. He was the founder of the Center Monthly Meeting, in 1787. He died relatively young at about the age of 45. ~1646 - 1692 Ann Wilkinson 46 46 ~1642 William Cooke ~1665 Mary (Mercy) Willard ~1650 Elizabeth ~1636 - 1693 George Robinson 57 57 ~1641 Ann 1649 - 1714 George Harland 65 65 1660 - <1714 Elizabeth Duck 54 54 1616 - 1672 William Gregg 56 56 1625 James Harland ~1628 Ezekeliah Duck ~1695 Sarah Belden ~1632 Hannah Hoope 1576 - 1644 John Gregg 68 68 ~1594 - 1651 William Harland 57 57 ~1603 Deborah 1789 - 1867 Margaret Moore 77 77 I have a family journal written by a descendant of Thomas and Margaret Moore Gregg that states that Margaret Moore's parents were Dr. William MOORE and Susan (or Susanna) DUNBAR MOORE. I have located a William Moore on the 1790 census on Ancestry.com (I don't know whether he is related to my family or not). Joseph Gregg 1827 John Chandler Gregg Minister, Chaplain of 127 Reg't. Pa. Vols. 1835 Susan Gregg Albert Gregg 1697 Joseph Belden Samuel Gregg 1805 - 1910 George Gregg 105 105 Genealogical and Personal History of Fayette County Pennsylvania, Vol I Fayette County Stillwagon (IV) William P. , son of Peter (2) and Margaret (White) Stillwagon , was born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania , in 1844 , died October 4, 1893 . He was educated in the public school, and in his early life was a contractor and coal operator, conducting the W. P. Stillwagon Coal Company; later Mr. Marictta was admitted as a partner and the name was changed to the Marietta & Stillwagon Coal Company. He also had interests in West Virginia coal lands. He was a Democrat in politics and a man of influence. He married Mary Gregg , born in Connellsville ; died there in the year 1908 , daughter of George and Susan Gregg , George Gregg , of Irish descent, was credited by his friends with being the real inventor of the armor-clad vessel which Ericsson later developed into the famous "Monitor" of civil war fame. Children of William and Mary Stillwagon : 1, Clair , died 1910 ; married Rose Hanlon . 2, Blanche , married (first) John Woodward (second), William Rice , of Connellsville . 3, Anna , married Thomas Crush , of Pittsburgh . 4, Larmer , of whom further. 5, Edna , married Harry Griffin , of Glassport . 6, Rose , married Thomas Maloney , of Pittsburgh . 7, William P. , now living in West Newton . 8, Rockwell , now living in Connellsville . 9, Ruth , now living in Connellsville . Emeline Gregg 1752 - 1830 Samuel Gregg 77 77 He inherited part of his father's farm at the age of 15. Like his forbears Samuel Gregg II was a devout Quaker. During the American Revolution he was enrolled in the militia but could not serve for religious reasons. He is still considered a patriot because, by Delaware law, he contributed financially to the cause. The Battle of Brandywine was fought very close to his home in 1777. During the War of 1812, soldiers camped on his land to guard a gunpowder works. He became a prosperous farmer. Samuel was known to have been wealthy for the times, and was noted for raising livestock, including fine horses. At the time Deleware was a slave state, but Samuel Gregg freed his last two remaining slaves, a mother and son before he died. He, and his wife who died a year after him, were buried at the Centre Meeting House near his farm. 1754 - 1830 Dinah Chandler 75 75 1704 Mary Belden 1665 Hannah Hendy 1689 Samuel Belden 1690 Daniel Belden 1692 Gideon Belden 1697 Prudence Beldon 1699 Richard Belden 1701 Matthew Belden 1704 Hannah Belden 1631/36 Lorah Standish Nathan Weston Mary Carver William Sargent Thomas Bradbury Phebe Gould Henry Bennett Thomas Boreman Mary Fisk Elizabeth Prythatch Mary Hooper Nathaniel Browne Thomas Wells Elizabeth Hamilton Robert Livingston Margaret Livingston John Annable D. 1540 James Hamilton James Hamilton of Finnart, Knight, "the Bastard of Arran" m Margaret
Livingston of Easter Wemyss, dtr of his father's new wife Janet [see above],
and administered her lands to great personal advantage, becoming baron of
Ochiltree. He was the murderer of John Stuart, 12th (or 3rd) Earl of Lennox,
he instigated the death of his cousin, Patrick Hamilton, the Abbot of Fearn
who was burnt at the stake, and he was executed for high treason 16 August
1540 after he lost a trial by combat to the Abbot's brother. By his wife Janet
he had issue: Patrick Hamilton 1512 - 1571 John Hamilton 59 59 John Hamilton, b 1512, Abbot of Paisley 1525, Lord High Treasurer 1545-54,
Archbishop of St Andrews and Primate of All Scotland 1547, he was the
principal opponent of John Knox after the murder of Cardinal Beaton and a
leading supporter of Queen Mary. After accusations of complicity in the
assassination of the Regent Moray he was in 1571 hanged, in his episcopal
vestments, on the orders of the Regent Lennox. He cohabited with Grisel,
divorced wife of James Hamilton of Stanehouse, Provost of Edinburgh, elder son
of James Hamilton of Raploch, and dtr of Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill, and
by her had issue (legitimated 9 Oct 1551, and captured at the battle of
Langsyde in support of Queen Mary) James Hamilton Ancestor of the Hamiltons of Gilkerscleugh. Agnes Hamilton Married as his second wife James, 6th Lord Sommerville Driella Murchad Macdonnchada O'brien Lorcan Macdonnchad O'brien Esther Burnham ~1240 - 1288 Henry Vi (III) Of Luxembourg 48 48 D. 1321 Beatrix D'avesnes 1677 - 1721 Hannah Lathrop 44 44 ~1310 - >1381 Peter Morley Perkins 71 71 Agnes Taylor Wevia De Crepon ~1350 Henry Perkins ~1370 - >1399 John Perkins 29 29 1841 - 1927 Susanna Hamilton 85 85 1910 mother of 12, 9 still living.

Buried Old Union Cemetery; oil was discovered on the Cashdollar farm. ~1670 Elizabeth ~1698 Susannah Belden 1698 Samuel Fitch ~1674 Abigail Graves 1668 Stephen Kellog 1695 Stephen Kellog 1697 Lydia Kellog 1700 Moses Kellog 1702 Abigail Kellog 1704 Daniel Kellog 1707 Ephraim Kellog 1709 Mercy Kellog 1711 Noah Kellog 1714 Silas Kellog 1716 Amos Kellog 1718 Aaron Kellog 1728 - 1825 Samuel Morgan 97 97 Buried: Old 2nd Burial Ground SOURCE: "James Morgan and His Descendants" 1607-1869, by Nathaniel Morgan D. 1804 Mary Buried: Old 2nd Burial Ground 1748 - 1815 Samuel Morgan 67 67 Death: At age 67 ~1747 - 1810 Mehitable 63 63 !Death: At age 63 1777 - 1856 Mehitable Morgan 79 79 Never married 1780 Samuel Morgan Clarissa Wells ~1784 Gideon Morgan Residence: Went to Virginia, near Petersburg. No trace thereafter. 1786 - 1831 Amasa Morgan 44 44 DEATH: Drowned at age 45. Residence: Settled in Wethersfield, Conn. Source: "James Morgan and His Descendants" 1607-1869, by Nathaniel Morgan ~1790 - 1856 Mary Wether(h) ill 66 66 1814 Eliza Ann Morgan Salmon Steele 1815 Chauncey Morgan Lois Ann Miller C. M. Lewis 1817 Lewis Morgan ~1825 Jeannette Pinney 1846 Eliza Marie Morgan 1847 Jeannette Morgan 1849 - 1916 Lewis Randolph Morgan 67 67 1858 Ruhama Marilla Johnson 1875 - 1951 Frederick Herbert Morgan 75 75 1875 - 1937 Hortense Fleet Sammis 61 61 1900 - 1977 Maud Estelle Morgan 77 77 Education: Graduated 9th Grade - Dickinson Grammer School, Souhwick, Mass., June 18, 1914 Buried: Hillcrest Cemetery 1898 - 1987 Henry Victor Johnson 88 88 Military Service: Original Entry into service on Oct. 1, 1918 as a private at Ann Arbor, Mich. Date of Separation: Dec. 11, 1918 at Ann Arbor, Mich. Service Registration Number: 4538194 Buried: Hillcrest Cemetery 1929 Mary Louise Johnson !MARRIAGE: Married in Parent's home. 1925 Samuel Peter Bennett Living Bennett Living Krogulski Living Bennett Living Bennett Living Bennett Living Arzoomanian Living Bennett Living Reichenbach Living Reichenbach Living Reichenbach Living Johnson Living Widmeyer Living Johnson Living Johnson 1907 Florence Michels SPRAGUEVILLE - Florence Helmle, 96         
        
        
        
By:    February 23, 2004    
        
        
        

SPRAGUEVILLE - Florence Helmle, 96, of Spragueville, died Saturday at the Bluff Terrace Nursing Facility, Clinton.  A funeral Mass will be at 10 a.m. Wednesday at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Preston, with the Rev. Don Plamondon officiating. Burial will be in the St. Peter and Paul Catholic Cemetery, Springbrook. Visitation will be from 4 to 8 p.m. Tuesday at St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Preston. The Miller-Law-Jones Funeral Home, Preston, is in charge of arrangements. She was born March 13, 1907, in Springbrook to John P. and Anna Entringer Michels. She married Leo Helmle on Nov. 8, 1927, in Bellevue. He died in 1983. The couple operated the general store in Spragueville from 1929 to 1946.  She was a member of St. Joseph Catholic Church, Preston, and the Elmer H. Brown American Legion Auxiliary Post 590.  Survivors include a son, Larry (Donna) Helmle of Spragueville; 11 grandchildren; 27 great- grandchildren; and eight great-great-grandchildren.  She was preceded in death by her husband, one daughter, her parents and 13 brothers and sisters. Death Date: Feb. 21, 2004     
©Clinton Herald 2004      Living Johnson Living Johnson Living Tait Living Johnson Living Johnson Living Johnson 1915 Bernard Peter Trenkamp 1902 Lillian Louise Morgan !Residence: Radcliff, Kentucky Ernest Hardy 1918 Ernestine Hardy Raymond Hardy Ruth Rebecca Hardy !Name: Nickname of Betty Neal Taylor Louise Hardy 1909 Nina Frederica Morgan !Residence: Southwick, Mass. Fred Willis Chestnut Living Chestnut 1927 William Frasco Living Frasco Living Frasco Living Frasco Living Frasco Living Chestnut Living Ronzoni Living Ronzoni Living Ronzoni 1877 Jennie Morgan Anson Holcomb ~1880 Edward Morgan ~1882 Jessie Morgan Frank Holcomb ~1884 William Morgan Beulah Dibble 1851 Joseph Turner Morgan BIRTH: Twin to Harriet Morgan 1851 Harriet Morgan BIRTH: Twin to Joseph Turner Morgan 1818 Samuel Morgan Adelia A. Clark 1821 Harriet Morgan E. Boyington L. Adams 1822 Justus Rockwell Morgan Henriette Judd 1825 James Henry Morgan Martha Whitmore 1827 Mary B. Morgan Henry H. Smith 1830 Joseph Morgan 1920 - 2005 Corena Marie Keller 85 85 CNHI News Service

— PRESTON — Correna M. Trenkamp, 85, of Preston, died Friday at Mercy Medical Center in Clinton.
A funeral Mass will be 10:30 a.m. Monday at St. Joseph’s Catholic Church of Preston. Father Don Plamondon will officiate. Burial will be in the St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery, Preston. Visitation will be from 4 to 8 p.m. Sunday at St. Joseph’s Catholic Church, Preston.
Miller-Law-Jones Funeral Home, Preston, is in charge of arrangements.
She was born Nov. 22, 1920, to Everett and Anna Franzen Keller in Leeds. She married Bernard Trenkamp on June 5, 1939, at the St. Joseph Catholic Church in Sugar Creek.
She was a homemaker. She and her husband operated the family farm in rural Preston for 30 years.
She also did volunteer work with senior citizens and her church.
Survivors include her husband, Bernard of Preston; three sons, Stephen (Doris) Trenkamp of Preston, James (Jean) Trenkamp of Preston and Richard (Cherylee) Trenkamp of Lombard, Ill.; a daughter, Mrs. Anna (Ferdinand) Klamik of Riverside, Ill.; a brother, Wesley Keller of Sioux City; a sister, Louise Beck of California City, Calif.; 18 grandchildren; and 26 great-grandchildren.
She is preceded in death by two brothers.
Memorials may be made to the family in Correna’s name.
Condolences may be sent to the family at www.lawjonesfuneralhome.com.
Death Date: Dec. 30, 2005

Copyright © 1999-2005 cnhi, inc Living Trenkamp Sarah Judd ~1750 Lydia Morgan Christopher Brown ~1753 - <1816 Lucretia Morgan 63 63 ~1755 - <1816 Margaret Morgan 61 61 N.n. Douglas ~1757 - >1816 Louisa Morgan 59 59 1760 Bridget Morgan N.n. Darrow ~1698 - ~1745 Hannah Perkins 47 47 1650 - 1732 Samuel Lathrop 82 82 1653 - 1695 Hannah Adgate 41 41 1713 - 1788 Lemuel Bingham 75 75 1738 Hannah Bingham Had 8 Children. 1740 - 1821 Zeruiah Bingham 81 81 1742 - 1777 Lucy Bingham 34 34 1744/45 Faith Bingham 1748 - 1825 Jedediah Bingham 76 76 1750 - 1827 Anna Bingham 76 76 1753 - 1829 Elias Bingham 75 75 1756 Jerusha Bingham ~1696 - 1745 Joshua Huntington 49 49 1866 - 1951 Clarence James Geer 84 84 Merrickville, Montague; Wolford Twp, Lanark; Grenville Co

1910 teacher, private academy, Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 teacher, college, Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 teacher, academy, Shady Side Academy, OHara twp, Allegheny, PA 1872 - 1925 Jeannette "Nettie" Elizabeth Fowler 53 53 1917 - 1995 Richard Fowler Geer 78 78 Supervisor of manufacturing dept. Martin Sprocket & Gear Co. Died at his home of prostrate cancer.

Name: GEER, RICHARD FOWLER
Social Security #: 118109145
Sex: MALE
Birth Date: 18 Sep 1917
Birthplace: PENNSYLVANIA
Death Date: 3 Nov 1995
Death Place: SACRAMENTO
Mother's Maiden Name: FOWLER
Father's Surname

Name: Richard F. Geer
SSN: 118-10-9145
Last Residence: 95608  Carmichael, Sacramento, California, United States of America
Born: 18 Sep 1917
Died: 3 Nov 1995
State (Year) SSN issued: New York (Before 1951 ) Virginia Dew Living Geer Living Geer 1901 - 1983 Leo F. Helmle 81 81 The funeral was at 10 a.m. today in St. Joseph Catholic Church, Preston, for Leo F. Helmle, 81, Spraugeville. He died Friday in Mercy Hospital, Clinton.
The Rev. Donald R. Bruggeman officiated. Burial was in SS Peter and Paul Cemetery, Springbrook.
Pallbearers were Alvin Zinnet, Dale Fowler, Merlin Hoffman, Emil Boyert, Allen Felderman and Lyle Duhme.
The Miller Funeral Home, Preston, was in charge of the arrangements.
Mr. Helmle was born July 12, 1902 in Springbrook, to Joseph and Anna Feil Helmle. He married Florence Michels Nov. 8, 1927, and operated the General Store in Spraugeville for more than 20 years and later farmed with his son until 1981. He was a member of St. Joseph Catholic Church, a former city treasurer and councilman for 23 years.
Survivors include his wife; a daughter, Mrs. Donald (Phyllis) Nielsen of Clinton; a son Larry of Spraugeville; 11 grandchildren; 12 great grandchildren; and two sisters, Mrs. Clara Ties of Springbrook, and Mrs. Harold (Agnes) Blitgen of Bellevue.
He was preceded in death by two sisters and a brother. Charity Leonard 1699 - 1739 Jabez Perkins 39 39 Rebecca Leonard May 1727 - 1798 Lydia Huntington 71 71 1719 - 1802 Ephraim Bill 83 83 1753 - 1838 Lydia Bill 84 84 1749 - 1836 Joseph Howland 86 86 1779 - 1852 Susan Howland 73 73 1774 - 1847 John Aspinwall 73 73 1809 - 1886 Mary Rebecca Aspinwall 76 76 1790 - 1863 Isaac Roosevelt 73 73 1828 - 1900 James Roosevelt 72 72 1854 - 1941 Sara Delano 86 86 1882 - 1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt 63 63 1884 - 1962 Anna Eleanor 78 78 1703 Elizabeth Perkins ~1705 Mary Perkins 1709 Jacob Perkins Jemima Leonard 1709 Lucy Perkins ~1711 Luke Perkins 1714 Judith Perkins ~1692 - 1740 Hannah 48 48 1690 - 1753 Samuel Bill 63 63 1718 - 1766 Abigail Burt 48 48 1705 - 1766 Nathaniel Howland 61 61 ~1752 Rebecca Smith ~1748 John Aspinwall ~1768 Maria Eliza Walton ~1764 James Roosevelt 1825 - 1896 Catherine Robbins Lyman 71 71 1809 - 1898 Warren Delano 88 88 Anne Staples Mary Staples ~1739 - ~1818 Zeruiah Staples 79 79 D. <1778 Sara Staples D. 1785 Hannah Staples D. 1763 Susanna Staples 1744 - 1832 Ruth Staples 88 88 1740 - 1821 Oliver Soper 81 81 D. 1692 Elizabeth Sparks Sarah Treadwell 1685 Jacob Perkins Settled in Maine; left descendants. 1689 - 1758 John Perkins 69 69 1690 Elizabeth Perkins Joshua Perkins Lydia Mallsor ~1728 - 1778 John Perkins 50 50 ABT 1774 attracted by the possibilities offered by the Wyoming Valley, then under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, now in Pennsylvania  he moved from Hebron, CT. During the Indian warfare of the Revolution was slain at Kingston. D. >1763 Jonathan Perkins D. <1763 Phillip Perkins Lydia Perkins D. <1763 Richard Perkins Martha Perkins Sarah Perkins 1725 - ~1762 Sara Thompson 37 37 1751 Sarah Perkins Mary Perkins Lydia Perkins Martha Perkins 1730 - 1820 Hepzibah (Ziba) Griswold 90 90 D. 1777 John Perkins A Revolutionary soldier. Aaron Perkins Revolutionary soldier, enlisted from Windsor in 1776, in Capt. Robert Durkee's Independent Company of the Wyoming Valley, Connecticut Line; was in the skirmish at Millstone, NJ and subsequently served against the Indians; Connecticut pensioner in Pennsylvania, under the Act of 1818. D. 1768 Griswold Perkins 1769 - 1854 David Perkins 85 85 D. 1684 Elizabeth Samuel Perkins Lydia David Burnham Sarah Ferrier Living Bronson Living Trenkamp Living Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Living Trenkamp Edward Hutchinson Catherine Hamby 1897 - 1974 Alfred Stephen Fredericksen 77 77 Buried: Springdale Cemetery.
1926 in Delmar, IA
1930 truck driver, butter co, Clinton, IA.
1935 in De Witt 1921 - 1999 Lois Lucille Wheeler 77 77 Lois Fredericksen 05/12/1999 CLINTON, Iowa -- Services for Lois L. Fredericksen, of 234 3rd Ave. N., will be 7 p.m. today at Pape Funeral Home, Clinton. Visitation is 2-7 p.m. today. Burial will be 10 a.m. Thursday in Springdale Cemetery, Clinton. Mrs. Fredericksen died Sunday, May 9, 1999, at Samaritan Hospital North, Clinton. She was a homemaker. Lois Wheeler was born Nov. 2, 1921, in Ogden. She married Alfred Fredericksen in 1946 in Olathe, Kan. He died in1974. Survivors include daughters, Charlotte Akin, Gulf Breeze, Fla., and Sonja Pine and Marsha Fredericksen, both of Clinton; sons, Donald, Gulf Breeze, William, Pensacola, Fla., Raymond and Dennis, both of Clinton, and Kenneth, Poway, Calif.; 21 grandchildren; 22 great-grandchildren; and brothers, Richard Wheeler, Boone, and Marion, Colorado Springs. William Hutchinson Anne Marbury Elizabeth Le Strange 1304 - 1375 Robert F. Corbet 71 71 Moreton Corbet 1768 - 1856 Roger Sherman 88 88 Son of Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Indepenece. Catherine Wales 1783 - 1844 Charles Sherman 60 60 1651 Hanna Merriman 1669 - 1747 John Ives 77 77 Mary Gillet 1703 - 1775 Lazarus Ives 72 72 1710 - 1777 Isabel (Jearam) Jerome 66 66 1734 - 1812 Lazarus Ives 77 77 DAR L-5-G8 Lydia Grimes 1764 Christopher Ives Mary 1794 - 1865 John Ives 71 71 1795 - >1865 Mercy Stoddard 70 70 1829 - 1908 Mercy Ann Ives 78 78 Buried: Evergreen Cemetery. 1649 - <1707 Elizabeth Pabodie 58 58 D. 1732 John Rogers 1677 - 1769/70 Sarah Rogers 1662 - 1750 Nathaniel Searle 88 88 1700 - 1783 Sarah Searle 83 83 1704 - 1787 Thomas Dring 83 83 1732 - 1826 Hannah Dring 94 94 1730 Salisbury Stoddard 1757 - 1832 Issac Stoddard 75 75 Mercy Babcock 1823 - 1901 Philander Geer 78 78 1855 - 1925 Frances Jane Geer 70 70 Buried: St. Peters Cemetery. 1851 - 1925 Terrence McMahon 73 73 Buried: St. Peter's Cemetery. 1893 - 1979 Mary Margaret "Mayme" McMahon 86 86 Buried: St. Ireanaeus Calvary 1895 - 1964 Gustav Herman Ruchotzke 68 68 Buried: St. Joseph Cemetery 1923 Ambrose L. Ruchotzke Louis Ruchotzke Mary Ohlrogge Mary Jane Ruchotzke Shirley Ruchotzke John Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Living Bronosn Slani Ingen Briain D. 0927 Sitric Ua Imair D. 0873 Imar N.n. Mac Imar ~1540 - 1604 Nicolas Chaundler 64 64 ~1544 - 1623 Edith Spratt 79 79 ~1569 - 1629 Thomas Chaundler 60 60 1573 - 1620 Anne Downham 47 47 1602 - 1684 John Chaundler 82 82 Anne 1633 - 1687 George Chaundler 54 54 Died at sea enroute to America. Jane 1674 - ~1742 Swithin Chandler 68 68 Ann 1718 - 1782 Thomas Chandler 63 63 D. 1799 Anne Hickline 1837 Elizabeth Sheridan 1910 wd, in Indianola, IA. 1860 Adam W. McCoy 1900 restraunt keeper in San Fransico, CA.
1910 poultry farmer, EdenTwp, Alameda, CA.
1920 butcher in Oakland, CA. 1817 John Speer 1860 farmer in Robinson Twp., Allegheny, PA.
1870 farmer in Stowe Twp., Allegheny, PA. 1854 Vienna S. Speer 1900 mother of 11, 7 still living. 1856 - BET 1918 AND 1920 Elvader K. Speer 1910 farmer in Kennedy Twp., Allegheny, PA. 1865 - 1959 Mattie J. Sloan 94 94 1883 - 1925 Walter Allen Lytle 42 42 1910 lineman, telephone, with parents.
1920 super., oil lease co, Wellsville, KS. 1889 - 1965 Milton Carl Lytle 76 76 Graduated from Wellsville High School in 1910.
1920 accountant, Pittsburgh, PA.
1930 farmer, with parents. 1892 - 1968 Charles Louis Lytle 75 75 1930 farmer, general farm, Franklin Twp, Franklin, KS.

Name:    Charles Lytle
SSN:    512-38-9528
Last Residence:    66092  Wellsville, Franklin, Kansas, United States of America
Born:    3 Sep 1892
Died:    Feb 1968
State (Year) SSN issued:    Kansas (1955 ) 1919 William Allen Lytle Living Lytle Sadb Ingen Mael Morda O'domnail 1773 - 1849 Jesse Payne 75 75 Buried: Swezey-Bromley Cemetery. Collector 12 yrs, constable 18 yrs, freemason 1772 - 1842 Mary Munsey 70 70 1739 - 1780 Zachariah Standish 40 40 Olive Pool 1776 - 1853 Peleg Standish 77 77 D. 1822 Sally\ sarah Hamlin 1814 - 1866 Sally Standish 51 51 1812 - 1902 Rueben M. Burras 90 90 1838 - 1860 Oscar Burras 22 22 Annetta Hakes Delia Burras 1864 - 1940 William Oran Cline 76 76 Marie Cline N.n. Quayle James Cline Quayle Martha Pullman Living Quayle 1747 - 1813 Daniel Payne 66 66 Daniel Payne was born Jan. 23, 1747/8, in Lebanon, Conn., the son of Benjamin and Mehitable (Dimock) Payne; married, May 4, 1769, Elizabeth Wright of Lebanon, Conn., by Rev. ____ Stout. After his death she married again. She was considered the prettiest girl in Lebanon, Conn. She was of fleshy build and a great singer. They moved from Lebanon, Conn., to Spencertown, Columbia County, N.Y., and about 1798 moved to the Swezey Hill neighborhood. Daniel Payne served in the American Revolution in the 8th Co., 7th Regiment of Connecticut Troops. Daniel Payne died May 29, 1813, and is buried in the Swezey Hill
Cemetery.

Responded to the Lexington Alarm as a private in the 8th company, 7th regiment, Connecticut volunteers. The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Volume 81 page 140 1750 Elizabeth Wright 1727 Benjamin Payne 1719 Mehitable Dimmock 1680 - 1751 Benjamin Dimmock 71 71 1682 Mary Thatcher 1604 - 1653 Thomas Dimmock 49 49 ORIGIN: Unknown
MIGRATION: 1635 on the Hopewell of Weymouth
FIRST RESIDENCE: Dorchester
REMOVES: Barnstable 1639
CHURCH MEMBERSHIP: Admission to Dorchester church prior to 25 May 1636 implied by freemanship.
Admitted to Barnstable church in 1639, during a period when admission records were not kept. On 7 August 1650, a day of humiliation was declared in Barnstable church "for the investing of my brother Dimmicke into the office of an Elder" [NEHGR 10:38].
FREEMAN: 25 May 1636 [MBCR 1:372]. Admitted Plymouth Colony freeman, 3 December 1639 [PCR 1:137]. In the Barnstable section of the 1639 (as "Mr. Thomas Dimmack") and 1658 (as "Mr. Tho[mas] Dimacke," with name crossed out) Plymouth Colony lists of freemen [PCR 8:176, 200].
EDUCATION: Sufficient to serve as magistrate and on council of war.
OFFICES: Dorchester selectman (as "Mr. Democke," for terms of six months), 2 November 1635, 27 June 1636 [DTR 13, 16]. Committee to lay out land, 2 November 1635 [DTR 12]. Deputy from Barnstable to Plymouth General Court, December 1639, June 1640, June 1641, June 1642, October 1643, June 1648, June 1649 and June 1650 [PCR 1:126, 137, 155, 2:16, 40, 63, 123, 144, 154]. Commissioner to end small causes, June 1640, June 1644 [PCR 1:155, 2:73]. Petit jury, 1 March 1641/2 [PCR 7:28]. Plymouth Colony committee to negotiate with Massachusetts Bay over disputed territory, 1 June 1650 [PCR 2:158-60; MBCR 3:198-99, 4:1:17]. Plymouth Colony Council of War, 27 September 1642 [PCR 2:47]. In Barnstable section of 1643 Plymouth Colony list of men able to bear arms [PCR 8:193]. Lieutenant for Barnstable, 10 October 1643, 7 July 1646 [PCR 2:63, 105]. Barnstable committee to "appoint a place or places for their defense" (as "Mr. Thomas Dimmack") [PCR 2:65]. On 3 March 1645/6, "Lieutenant Dimmack, of Barnestable," was presented "for neglecting to exercise their men in arms," and was discharged [PCR 2:97].
ESTATE: Granted one of the "great lots at the bounds betwixt Roxbury and Dorchester at the great hill," twenty acres, 4 January 1635/6 [DTR 14]. Granted two acres of marsh, 18 February 1635/6 [DTR 15]. Granted "2 acres in the marsh next to Goodman Grenwayes," 27 June 1636 [DTR 17]. Granted "all the ground between his pale and Goodman Denslow and Bartholomew," 5 July 1636 [DTR 18]. Permitted to "have their portions in satisfaction of the Calve's Pasture in the marsh beyond the trees over against the Fox Point," two acres, 2 January 1637/8 [DTR 28]. In the division of 18 March 1637/8, received three acres, three-quarters and four rods, and four acres and twenty-four rods [DTR 31]. (In the 8 March 1663/4 accounting of the New Grant, at that date held entirely by William Stoughton, "Dimmock" was credited with having held at one time lot #13 [DTR 120].) In his undated nuncupative will, deposed to on 4 June 1658, "Mr. Thomas Dimacke of Barnstable" told "Anthony Annable and John Smith being with him the last summer some small space of time after he ... was taken sick they advised him to set his house in order to which he answered that little that God had given him he would leave to his wife for they were her children as well as his" [MD 14:230, citing PCPR 2:1:75].
BIRTH: By about 1610 based on estimated date of marriage.
DEATH: Before 4 June 1658 (probate of will).
MARRIAGE: By 1635 Ann ______ (assuming she was the wife who came to New England with him). (On 7 August 1650, Rev. John Lothrop referred to this immigrant as "my brother Dimmicke" [NEHGR 10:38]. Jacobus argued that the "likeliest solution is that Lothrop's second wife was a sister of Thomas Dimmock" [Granberry 209-10]. According to Otis, "the widow Ann Dimmock was living in October 1683.... She probably died before 1686" [Otis 339]. The evidentiary asis for these statements by Otis has not been found.)

The Great Migration Begins
Sketches
PRESERVED PURITAN 1609 Ann 1644 - 1732 Shubael Dimmock 88 88 D. 1729 Joanna Bursley 1893 - 1974 Eula Mae Jenkins 80 80 Name:    Eula Lytle
SSN:    509-50-0018
Last Residence:    66092  Wellsville, Franklin, Kansas, United States of America
Born:    17 Sep 1893
Died:    Mar 1974
State (Year) SSN issued:    Kansas (1963 ) 1921 - 1977 Margaret Jean Fisher 56 56 Name:    Margaret Lytle
SSN:    510-18-5959
Last Residence:    66092  Wellsville, Franklin, Kansas, United States of America
Born:    15 May 1921
Last Benefit:    66092  Wellsville, Franklin, Kansas, United States of America
Died:    Sep 1977
State (Year) SSN issued:    Kansas (Before 1951 ) ~1745 - 1784 Mary Heaton 39 39 1714 - 1796 Seth Heaton 82 82 1717 Sara Morris 1872 Dasie L. Lytle 1663 - 1742 Thankful Strong 78 78 1862 Abigail Erskine 1860/1870 born in 1860.
1880 dress maker, living with parents.
1900 clerk, living with parents.
1910 dressmaker, with parents.
1930 none, Pittsburgh, PA. 1866 Mary Erskine 1900 school teacher, living with parents. 1867 Joseph W. Erskine 1900 boilermaker, living with parents. 1868 - 1945 James Erskine 77 77 1900 abstractor, living with parents.
1920 searcher records, abstact co., Visalia, CA.
1930 m, lodger, manager land tiltle co., Visalia, CA.

Name: ERSKINE, JAMES
Social Security #: 568127820
Sex: MALE
Birth Date: 17 Jun 1868
Birthplace: PENNSYLVANIA
Death Date: 15 Aug 1945
Death Place: TULARE
Mother's Maiden Name: MCELHANY
Father's Surname: ERSKINE 1871 Helena Erskine 1900 school teacher, living with parents. 1874 Jane Erskine 1900 stenographer, living with parents. 1858 William A. Erskine 1880 laborer, living with parents.
1900 carpenter, Pittsburgh, PA.
1920 carpenter, house, Pittsburgh, PA. 1664 - 1727 Eliezer Slocum 62 62 Eliezer resided in Dartmouth as a yoeman. According to the History of the Slocums, "In the confirmatory deed of Governor William Bradford, 13 November, 1694, Eliezer Slocum and his brothers Giles and Peleg were named amoung the proprietors of Dartmouth which then included the present Townships of Dartmouth, New Bedford, Westport, and Fairhaven. He dealt quite extensively in lands, and was very successfull in the accumulation of property considering the newnewss of the country and the various unfavorable circumstances of his time. The oppressions of the New Plymouth and Massachusetts governments show a marked contrast between the civil standing of these brothers, and all other members of the Society of Friends, who settled in Dartmouth and thouse who resided in Rhode Island. The former were excluded from the rights of citizenship and the privilege of holding office, though they were obliged to bear their proportion of the governmental burden; while the prsence and counsel of the latter were much sought in directing public affairs. Elizer's will was proved 30 July , 1727 and his estate was appraised at L5,790. 18s. 11d." Eliezer Slocum died BEF 30 JUL 1727 in Dartmouth, Bristol County, RI A copy of Eliezer's will is in the History of the Slocums 1668 - 1748 Elephel Fitzgerald 80 80 Pioneer Irish in New England
CHAPTER IX
page 152

In the case of Elephel Fitzgerald, there is an interesting but all too inadequate account of her in the genealogy of the Slocum family, in which it is said that about 1687, she married Eliezer Slocum of Dartmouth, Mass. (now New Bedford). Eliezer was a son of Giles Slocum of Portsmouth, R. I., who, on receiving a grant of a large tract of land in Dartmouth Township, removed to that place before 1682. Eliezer owned extensive properties at a place known as Slocums Neck on Buzzards Bay, and his will, dated March 1, 1727, still preserved in the probate office at Taunton, shows that he divided his estate, which was appraised at the immense sum for those days of œ5790, among his beloved wife, Elephel, and his sons, Eliezer and Ebenezer. The time of her arrival in this country is unknown, and among her New England descendants, there are partially conflicting opinions as to the circumstances of her departure from her native land. In one branch of the Slocum family, the tradition is, that although she was a lady of high birth, she was one of a number of young women who were forcibly brought to America and sold for wives to respectable purchasers, the purchase money in this instance amounting to about $600. Other  branches apparently are unwilling to acknowledge that she could have occupied so lowly a station in life as to be sold as a wife to their Slocum ancestor. These Slocums probably are unacquainted with Englands methods of governing Ireland at that period, namely, in confiscating the property of the Irish and parcelling it out among the English adventurers and soldiers, rich and poor were treated with equal severity and some of the leading families of the island were thus reduced to the most extreme poverty.
The tradition in these branches is to the effect that Elephel Fitzgerald was a daughter of Earl Edmund Fitzgerald of Dublin, whose sister became affianced to an English officer against her fathers will and eloped with him, taking with her a younger sister, this Lady Elephel, whom they brought to America, perhaps to further the success of their plans.

In another account of the family, written by a descendant of Eliezer and Elephel Slocum, Collections, New Hampshire Historical Society, Vol. 4, p. 503;
Vol. 5, p. 86; Vol. 7, p. 158; Vol. 31, p. 578.47 it is stated that she lived as a domestic in the household of Giles Slocum at Portsmouth, that Eliezer was born at Portsmouth in 1664, he and Elephel Fitzgerald having been married before they were twenty, and with his wife, Elephel, he was living at Slocums Neck prior to 1684. A romantic story has come down in the family of the courtship of Eliezer Slocum and the Irish maiden, but it has had no appeal for their descendant, and he not only treats it as a fable but seeks to cast ridicule on the tradition that she was of the noble family of the Geraldines. In what manner, he relates, our little Irish maid was separated from her sister and came to find a home in the simple household of Giles Slocum in  Portsmouth, the tradition sayeth not. Irish maids were not commonly employed in those early days, and even in later times Irish maids were seldom Earls daughters. Nonetheless, it is probable that the Lady Elephel did in fact serve in a domestic capacity in the household of Giles Slocum. Elephel (Fitzgerald) Slocum was the mother of seven children, all born in Dartmouth Township between 1689 and 1703, and her will, proved October 4, 1748, shows that she divided among them a considerable estate. Her daughter, Joanna, married Daniel Weeden of Jamestown, R. I., and many of the Weeden, Slocum, Carpenter and other families now in Rhode Island and Massachusetts trace their descent back to the gentle Irish girl, Elephel Fitzgerald.

Elephel, beloved wife, was bequeathed by her husband, Eliezer, the sum of twenty pounds annum of good and lawful money of New England to be paid every year for her natural life, an Indian girl named Dorcas during the time she had to serve by indenture, the great low room of his dwelling house with the two bedrooms belonging together with the chamber over it, the bedrooms belonging thereto and the garret, also what part of the N. addition she shall choose and one half of the cellar. The executors were to supply Elephel with firewood sufficient during her natural life and whatsoever provisions and corn were left after Eliezer's death, and hay sufficient for the support of the cattle.
Elephel's will of considerable estate was proved October 4, 1748. 1693 - 1738 Eliezer Slocum 45 45 Deborah Smith 1733 - 1777 John Munsey 44 44 Was lieutenant of a company of foot under Capt. Ebenezer Benjamin, Albany County, N. Y. He was killed at the capture of Burgoyne The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Vol 81 pg 141

State of New York: Albany County.
On this twenty third day of November, 1835, personally appeared in open court before the Justice Court of the city of Albany, the same being a court of records, now sitting, John Wilcox, of the town of Coeymans, in said county, age 79 years. Who being first duly sworn, according to law, doth on his oath, make the following declaration, in order to obtain the benefits of the Act of Congress passed June 7, 1832.
"...I was with the American army at the time of the surrender of Burgoyne. Whilst we were there, we had an engagement with a party of Indians and Tories not far from a place called Snootskill. In that engagement, Lieutenant Munsey was mortally wounded by a ball which entered his body just above his hips. I saw him fall, and helped carry him off the ground. He died a few hours afterward." 1717 John Slocum Resided in Dartmouth as a yeoman and merchat. 1719 Deborah Almy 1696 - 1777 Job Almy 80 80 1700 - 1774 Lydia Tillinghast 74 74 1868 Harry Y. Reifsnyder 1900 bookkeeper in Pittsburgh, PA.
1910 secratery in Pittsburgh, PA. 1903 William M. Reifsnyder Name:    William M. Reifsnyder
SSN:    192-10-6223
Born:    2 Dec 1902
Died:    Feb 1991
State (Year) SSN issued:    Pennsylvania (Before 1951 )

Name:    William Reifsnyder
SSN:    176-07-2176
Born:    16 Aug 1903
Died:    May 1966
State (Year) SSN issued:    Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1906 Thomas G. Reifsnyder 1855 - 1929 Flora A. Cunningham 74 74 1920 wd, none, Connellsville, PA. 1883 - 1919 Beulah Lytle 36 36 1885 - 1947 Emma Jo Lytle 62 62 1887 - 1977 Irene Renee Lytle 90 90 1910 living with parents.
1941 of Fox Chapel Pittsburgh. 1888 - 1980 Julia Belle Lytle 92 92 1910 living with parents.

Name: Julia Brown
SSN: 200-50-2205
Last Residence: 15116  Glenshaw, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 26 Mar 1888
Died: Sep 1980
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (1973 ) 1896 Emma L. Lytle 1920 none, with parents.
1930 none, with parents. 1863 - 1938 Anna Louisa Root 75 75 1930 wd, none, Oriskany Fall, NY.
Buried in Hillside Cemetery. 1888 - 1978 Ruth I. Fowler 90 90 Buried in Hillside Cemetery.
1930 m, none, with mother.

Name: Ruth Cox
SSN: 105-36-8441
Last Residence: 13425  Oriskany Falls, Oneida, New York, United States of America
Born: 8 Apr 1888
Died: May 1978
State (Year) SSN issued: New York (1962 ) 1891 - 1918 Helen L. Fowler 27 27 Buried in Hillside Cemetery. 1890 - 1965 Joseph J. Cox 75 75 1920 asst ?, knit mill, with in-laws.

Name: Joseph Cox
SSN: 107-09-5684
Last Residence: New York
Born: 7 Oct 1889
Died: Oct 1965
State (Year) SSN issued: New York (Before 1951 ) 1874 - >1930 Emma Elizabeth Cobb 56 56 N.N. Spenser Unk 1839 - >1920 Julia M. Spenser 81 81 1900 capitalist, wd, mother of 5, 3 still living, Ripon, WI.
1910 In Milwaukee living with son Paul and her daughter Nellie and husband, mother of 5, 3 still living.
1912 May, resided on Watson St., Ripon, with Nellie.
1920 in Ripon, WI with Nellie. ~1835 - 1895 Joseph Powers 60 60 1870 Barrel maker in Syracuse, NY.
1880 Barrel maker in Ripon, WI.

Wisconsin Vital Records Death Index.
Name: Joseph J Powers
Death Date: 08 Jul 1895
County: Fond Du Lac
Volume: 02
Page: 0460
Reel: 027
Image: 2552
Index Volume: -
Sequence #: 306533 1870 Nellie Grace Powers 1900 teacher, living with mother.
1920 m, none, with mother. 1879 Paul B. Powers 1900 type writer, with mother.
1910 broker, land, with mother. 1874 - BET 1920 AND 1930 Arthur E. Powers 1900 day loborer, Fon Du Lac, WI
1910 farming in Underwood, Redwood, MN
1920 in Rockford, Wright, MN 1873 Jennie D. 1930 housekeeper, private family, wd, Fon Du Lac, WI. 1872 Harry L. Powers 1910 vice president, ?, Portland, OR.
1920 ? of lands, Lewiston, ID
1930 Civil engineer in Currie, Snohomish, WA. 1842 - 1861 Jeannette Ives Fowler 18 18 1860 with parents. 1860 Louisa Volland 2nd marriage.
1900 mother of 12, 12 still living. 1892 Margaret Lytle Was living with grandparents 1900-1910.
1920 livng with her aunt Isabel in Pittsburgh, PA. 1894 - 1948 David Porter Lytle 54 54 1917 horse breaker, U.S. Gov. in Keogh, Miles City, MT.
1930 pumper, in Orange cty, CA. 2 step daughters.

Name: LYTLE, DAVID PORTER
Social Security #: 560012860
Sex: MALE
Birth Date: 22 Apr 1894
Birthplace: KANSAS
Death Date: 15 May 1948
Death Place: LOS ANGELES
Mother's Maiden Name: GROBENGEISER
Father's Surname: LYTLE 1896 Marie Lytle 1897 William J. Lytle 1920 living with parents.
1930 carpenter, house living with parents. 1899 Isabel L. Lytle 1902 Nellie Lytle 1920 living with parents.
1930 seamstress fashion shop, living with parents. 1766 - 1836 Mary Strong 69 69 1836 Ruth Ann Burwell ~1831 - BET 1880 AND 1900 William Speer 1870 painter in South Versailles, Allegheny, PA.
1880 painter in Westland, Guernsey, OH. 1866 - BET 1920 AND 1930 Ulysses Speer 1910 living with mother.
1900 farmer in Addison Twp. Somerset, PA.
1920 farmer, general farm, East Lackawannock Twp, Mercer, PA. 1870 William H. Speer 1900 with mother.
1910 living with mother.
1920 farm laborer, at home, with Ulysses.
1930 none, inmate Mercer County Home. 1874 Ada Ellen Speer 1900 with mother.
1910 living with mother.
1920 none, with Ulysses.
1930 none, inmate, Mercer County Home. 1882 Elias Preston Speer 1900 with mother.
1910 house painter, with mother. 1880 Mary Speer 1900 with mother. 1892 Jean Milholland 1866 Annie B. Freeland 1892 Victor Grant Wilson Name:    Victor Wilson
SSN:    167-10-7796
Last Residence:    Florida
Born:    31 Jan 1892
Died:    Feb 1964
State (Year) SSN issued:    Pennsylvania (Before 1951 )

Name:    Victor Grant Wilson
Death Date:    Feb 1964
County of Death:    Broward
State of Death:    Florida
Race:    White
Gender:    Male 1893 Marie F. Wilson 1722 - 1766 Abraham Hays 44 44 1725 - 1778 Frances Little 52 52 1680 - 1741 Edmund Hays 61 61 Mary Mencham 1884 C. M. Maxwell 1910 salesman electric co., living with Beulah's parents. 1902 - 1982 Roy Cobb Lytle 79 79 1906 Louise. C. Lytle 1930 living with parents. 1849 Kate Richards 1910 Mother of 4 children, 2 still living. 1873 George W. Craig 1880 John F. McNeal 1900 oil well pumper, with parents. 1882 William James McNeal 1918 plasterer, married, Pittsburgh, PA. 1885 Ella A. McNeal 1890 - 1974 Walter Samuel McNeal 84 84 1917 painter, married, Los Angeles, CA.

Name: MCNEAL, WALTER S
Social Security #: 552461094
Sex: MALE
Birth Date: 5 Mar 1890
Birthplace: PENNSYLVANIA
Death Date: 30 Jul 1974
Death Place: LOS ANGELES
Mother's Maiden Name:
Father's Surname:

Name: Walter McNeal
SSN: 552-46-1094
Last Residence: 90044  Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
Born: 5 Mar 1890
Died: Jul 1974
State (Year) SSN issued: California (1951 ) 1891 Charles A. McNeal Name: Charles McNeal
SSN: 208-09-9251
Last Residence: 15210  Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Born: 25 Dec 1891
Died: Nov 1969
State (Year) SSN issued: Pennsylvania (Before 1951 ) 1893 Catherine E. McNeal 1809 Laura Ann Slocum 1811 Maria Slocum 1823 Lydia Slocum 1819 Robert Owen 1825 - 1851 John Russell Slocum 26 26 1819 Sabrina Edson 1827 - 1849 Mehitable Catherine Slocum 22 22 1828 - 1893 Samuel Norton Slocum 65 65 1821 Eliza Lucinda Sickles ~1871 Sarah Slocum 1783 Lydia Slocum 1875 Job Slocum 1789 Lidia Bolt 1847 Eugene Slocum 1849 Imogene Slocum 1851 Arline Slocum 1841 Adelaide Louise Slocum 1843 George Volney Slocum 1845 Alice Augusta Slocum 1847 Mary J. Slocum 1850 Sidney Mortimer Slocum 1837 John Mahary 1841 Ellen Jane Jones Eleanor Josephine Slocum 1867 Charles E. Lamb 1893 Eleanor Lamb 1895 Jeanette Jones Lamb 1841 William H. Graves 1843 C. C. Bingham 1863 Lydia Emerson Bushnell 1884 - 1884 Burr Howard Slocum 6m 6m 1886 Elwyn Griswold Slocum 1887 Sidney Ensign Slocum 1892 Ray Emerson Slocum John M. Payne Martin Payne 1804 - 1863 Hoxie Payne 59 59 1797 - 1842 Jesse Payne 45 45 Adolphus Payne Was a State Senator and Supreme Court Judge in the state  of Colorado. Fred Payne R. E. Payne Was School Commissioner for several years in Oneida County and is now postmaster of Clinton, and an active politician at all times. 1822 George W. Payne After arriving at his majority, in 1843, he spent seven years as a carriage and sign painter, and in 1850 went to California, where he was two years employed at the same business, after which he returned and located in Newport, where he has since been engaged in the manufacture of wagons, carriages and sleighs. J. J. Payne 1825 - 1899 Laura Ann 74 74 Alma L. Bailey 1599 - 1660 John Bursley 61 61 ORIGIN: Unknown
MIGRATION: 1623
FIRST RESIDENCE: Weymouth
REMOVES: Barnstable 1639
CHURCH MEMBERSHIP: No evidence of church membership for John Bursley, but on 22 July 1643 "Mestresse Bursly" joined the Barnstable church [NEHGR 9:280].
FREEMAN: Requested 19 October 1630 (as "Mr. John Burslin") and admitted 18 May 1631 (as "Mr. Jo: Burslyn") [MBCR 1:79, 366]. OFFICES: Weymouth deputy to General Court, 25 May 1636 [MBCR 1:174]; on 8 September 1636 the General Court ordered that "whereas the town of Waimoth hath sent 3 deputies to this Court, being a very small town, at the request of the said deputies two of them were dismissed by the Court, viz: Mr. Bursley & John Upham" [MBCR 1:179]; committee to make colony rate [MBCR 1:175]; committee to survey colony boundary, 20 November 1637 [MBCR 1:211]; with Richard Collicott fined 6s. 8d. "for absence when the Court sat in the afternoon, being jurymen" [MBCR 1:232]. Dorchester committee to assess ¹30 for the captain of the train band, 2 June 1634 [DTR 7]. Barnstable constable, 4 June 1645 [PCR 2:83]. Plymouth grand jury, 1 June 1647 [PCR 2:116].
ESTATE: "John Busley, gent.," was one of the group of New England men on both the first and second patents for Agamenticus [York] granted by the Council for New England, 2 December 1631 and 2 March 1631/2 [Council NE 101, 105]. There is no evidence that he ever resided on or took advantage of this grant. "Mr. John Bursleye's inventory" was taken 21 August 1660 and totalled ¹115 5s., with no real estate included [MD 17:159; PCPR 2:2:63]. The following record, although ostensibly for a Thomas Bursley, must be for John, for it comes at the right time, it takes place in Barnstable, and the widow's names is Joanna: "Mr. Hinckley is appointed by the Court to treat with Joanna, the wife of Mr. Thomas Bursley, late deceased, concerning the disposing of some part of his estate unto his children, that so what is done on that behalf may be entered on the Court records," 2 October 1660 [PCR 3:201].
BIRTH: By about 1600 based on his appearance at Weymouth in 1623.
DEATH: Barnstable before 21 August 1660 (date of inventory).
MARRIAGE: Sandwich about 28 November 1639 "Mr. Hull's daughter" (Joanna Hull, daughter of Reverend Joseph Hull) [NEHGR 9:286]; she was born in England about 1620 [Hotten 283], and married (2) after 1660 Dolor Davis.
CHILDREN:        
    iv JOANNA, bp. Barnstable 1 March 1645/6 [NEHGR 9:283]; m. Barnstable [blank] April 1653 [sic] Shubael Dimmock [MD 4:221; in the margin beside this entry and the accompanying births of children is the note "These records perhaps 10 years too old"]. (Joanna is inadvertently called "Jemima" by Savage.)
ASSOCIATIONS: In both the 1628 assessment for the removal of THOMAS MORTON and the 1631 patent for Agamenticus, Bursley is associated with WILLIAM JEFFREY. COMMENTS: Charles Francis Adams marshalled the evidence in favor of the position that John Bursley was part of the company of ROBERT GORGES which arrived in New England in the fall of 1623 and settled at the location that was to become Weymouth [MHSP 1:16:197]. One of the most important pieces of evidence in this argument is the list of those who contributed to the expenses involved in deporting THOMAS MORTON  in 1628, which included an entry for "Mr. Jeffrey and Mr. Burslem, ¹2" [Bradford LB 43]. The identity of the John Bursley of Weymouth with the man of the same name in Barnstable is based on the marriage of Bursley to the daughter of Reverend Joseph Hull, at about the time the latter moved from Weymouth to Barnstable, and the disappearance of John Bursley from Weymouth about the time of this marriage. Both Pope and GDMNH have separate entries for the activities of this man in the two towns. That this same man was patentee of York is based on the continued association with WILLIAM JEFFREY, and with the Gorges family. The John Bursley who resided in Exeter, Hampton and Kittery was a different man, since he was of a lower social stratum, and there were chronological conflicts between him and the Barnstable man [GDMNH 122-23; Granberry 186]. On 14 May 1634 the General Court ordered that Wessaguscus [i.e., Weymouth] should bear the charges for "Thomas Lane, late servant to John Burslyn, [who], by the providence of God, is fallen lame & impotent, & hath since remained at Dorchester" [MBCR 1:121]. This record, and the service of John Bursley on the Dorchester committee to make a rate for the pay of the captain of the train band, have led some writers to state that Bursley lived for a time at Dorchester. However, since Weymouth was in these early years an appendage of Dorchester for church and military matters [GMN 1:29], the appearance of Bursley in association with Dorchester does not require that he ever lived there.         

The Great Migration Begins
Sketches
PRESERVED PURITAN 1620 - 1686 Joanna Hull 66 66 1521 - ~1559 Richard Hull 38 38 ~1533 - >1559 Alice 26 26 ~1552 - 1636 Thomas Hull 84 84 ~1544 - 1629 Joanne Pyssing 85 85 1595 - 1665 Joseph Hull 70 70 Rev. Hull always stayed loyal to the Anglican Church and this brought him into conflict with the Puritans of Massachusetts and Plymouth. The Separatist party increased, the outbreak of civil war in England checked immigration in 1639, and left Rev. Hull and his friends in a hopeless minority. He moved to Sir Fernando Gorges' Episcopal colony in Maine until 1653, when Massachusetts Bay Colony subjected the provinces of Maine to its jurisdiction. He returned to England when a puritan preacher was sent to supersede him. (York, ME was then known as Accomenticus, ME). 1633 16 Apr. Serves as curate of Broadway parish, Crewkerne Deanery, Somersetshire. Moved to Nantasket (now called Hull), then a part of Hingham. Twice elected to General Court. 1639 June. Moved to Plymouth Colony and there founded the town of Barnstable. 1641 Moved to Yarmouth. Excommunicated for leaving his church duties in Barnstable. Serves as minister at York and Isles of Shoals. 1643 Repents and returns to Barnstable and is received back. Moves family to York, Maine. 1645 Volunteers to serve in Narragansett War and received land, "Cedar Swamp", for his services. 1652 Returned to England, ministers for 10 years at St. Burien in Cornwall. 1662 Settled again in New England and settled at Oyster River where he had considerable trouble with the Quakers. 1665 19 Nov. Died intestate at Isles of Shoals, leaving an estate valued at 52 pounds, 5 shillings and 5 p. - 10 pounds of which were for books.

Col. Weygant, Hull Family in America
The Hull Family Association, 1913 p. 245. 1824 Sarah 1847 - <1920 Catherine "Kate" Wilson 73 73 1900 shows mother of 6, 2 still living.
1910 shows mother of 6, 4 still living. 1850 Agnes Wilson 1853 Margaret " Maggie" J. Wilson 1870 with parents. BET 1844 AND 1845 Joseph Wilson 1847 - BET 1870 AND 1906 Mary C. Lytle 1844 Frederick Merrick 1880 professor of Latin, living with Samuel.
1900 school teacher in Pittsburgh, PA. 1884 Roderick Smith Merrick 1910 school teacher in Nashville, Washington, IL.
1920 school teacher in Anne Arundel county, MD.
1930 insrtuctor at Naval Acadamey, living in Cedar Park, MD. 1895 Frederick P. Merrick 1930 manager for telephone company in Cleveland, OH. 1849 Edward Keys 1870 at home. 1897 Edward Wilson 1900 Mary Wilson 1929 - 2000 Phyllis M. Helmle 70 70 Quad City Times

Phyllis Nielsen
CLINTON, Iowa -- Services for Phyllis M. Nielsen, Clinton, will be 10:30 a.m. Saturday at St. Irenaeus Catholic Church, Clinton. Burial will be in Clinton Lawn Cemetery. Visitation is 4-8 p.m. Friday at Lemke Funeral Home, Clinton, with a vigil at 4 p.m. Mrs. Nielsen died Monday, April 24, 2000, at Regional Medical Center, Hudson, Fla. She was a beautician for more than 40 years and was employed more than 20 years at the Alverno Nursing Facility, Clinton. Phyllis Helmle was born May 29, 1929, in Springbrook. She married Donald Nielsen in 1956 in Morrison. He died Jan. 2, 2000. Memorials may be made to Hospice. Survivors include daughters, Rhonda Kilburg, Cumming, Ga., Georgia Haus, New Port Richey, Fla., Annette Jackson, Clinton, Angela Eversoll, Bowling Green, Ky., and Donnell Hoffmann, Charlotte; sons, Mark Clark and Kris and Todd Nielsen, all of Miami; 17 grandchildren; four great-grandchildren; and her mother, Florence, and a brother, Larry Helmle, both of Spragueville.

Was living in Spraugeville, IA during first marriage. 1928 - 2000 Donald Edwin Nielsen 71 71 Quad City Times

Donald Nielsen
CLINTON, Iowa -- Services for Donald Nielsen, of Clinton, will be 11:30 a.m. Wednesday at Lemke Funeral Home, Clinton. Burial will be in Clinton Lawn Cemetery. Visitation is 5-8 p.m. today at the funeral home. Mr. Nielsen died Sunday, Jan. 2, 2000, at Mercy Medical Center-North Campus, Clinton. He had worked 39 years at DuPont, Clinton. He was born Oct. 29, 1928, in Clinton. He married Phyllis Helmle in 1956 in Morrison, Ill. Memorials may be made to American Heart Association. Survivors include his wife; daughters, Rhonda Kilburg, Cumming, Ga., Georgia Haus, New Port Richey, Fla., Annette Jackson and Nancy Nielsen, both of Clinton, Angela Eversoll, Bowling Green, Ky., and Donnell Hoffmann, Charlotte; sons, Mark Clark and Kris and Todd Nielsen, all of Miami, and Randy Nielsen, Apollo Beach, Fla.; 20 grandchildren; four great-grandchildren; and a brother, Kenneth, Clinton. Living Nielsen 1902 - 1965 Perciville "Percy" M. Nielsen 63 63 CLINTON HERALD Wednesday 28 April 1965

CLINTON
PERCY M. NIELSEN

Word has been received by relatives in Clinton that Percy M. Nielsen, 63, of Miami Beach, Fla. and Peoria, Ill., died suddenly Monday in Miami Beach. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Thursday in the Wilton funeral home, Peoria. Burial also will be there.
Mr. Nielsen was born April 11, 1902 in Clinton county, the son of Hans and Jennie Watson Nielsen. He is survived by his wife, Paula; three sons, Kenneth, Lynn and Donald, all of Clinton; eight grandchildren; on sister, Mrs. H. N. (Beth) Struve of Clinton and one brother, Dr. Lynn Nielsen of Salinas, Calif.
He was preceded in death by his parents and four brothers. 1904 - 1969 Florence B. Vining 64 64 Clinton Herald Thursday 24 April 1969

Mrs. Florence V. Mook
Mrs. Florence Vining Mook 64, of 2425 N. 2nd St., died in Mercy Hospital this morning.
Funeral services will be held at 1:30 pm Saturday in the Snell-Smith funeral home. Dr. Ralph Baker, pastor of the First Methodist Church will officiate. Burial will be in Clinton Memorial Park.
Friends may call after 12 noon Friday in the funeral home.
Florence Vining was born September 28, 1904 in Clinton, the daughter of Henry and Gertrude Mewherter Vining. She married Mr. Herman Mook in Clinton on December 23, 1933.
Survivors include three sons, Kenneth, Donald and Lynn Nielsen, all of Clinton; 13 grand children; three brothers, Edwin, James and John Vining, all of Clinton; four sisters, Mrs. Sylvan (Verna) Meier, Mrs. Ray (Juanita) Vogel, Mrs. Ralph (Henrietta) Paulsen and Mrs. Axel (Norma) Martinsen, all of Clinton; and nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her husband and a brother. D. 1967 Herman Mook Buried in Clinton Lawn Cemetery. Kenneth Nielsen 1926 - 1988 Lynn W. Nielsen 62 62 1883 - 1947 Henry C. Vining 64 64     Clinton Herald Thursday, 10/27/1948
    
    Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining
    Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining, 622 Thirteenth avenue, South, died in her home about 11:15 last night. She had been  a resident of Clinton for about 50 years.
    She was born Dec. 14, 1883, the daughter of John and Ida Mae Mewherter. She married Henry C. Vining Feb. 23, 1904.
    She was a member of the First Methodist Church.
    Mrs. Vining is survived by three sons, Edwin C. and John H. of Clinton and James E. of Low Moor; five daughters, Mrs. Florence Mook, Mrs. Sylvan (Verna Mae) Meier; Mrs. Ray (Juanita) Vogel, Mrs. Charles (Henrietta) Jones and Mrs. Axel (Norma) Martinsen, all of Clinton; two brothers, Lyle Mewherter of Pennsylvania and Harry of Denver, Col., and nine grandchildren.
    She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, sister and one son.
    The body is in the Snell funeral home where friends may call, beginning this evening. Funeral arrangements are incomplete, but services are planned for Friday with burial in Springdale cemetery. The Rev. J.H. Machlan will officiate.
    
    Clinton Herald Friday 10/29/1948
    
    Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining
    Funeral services for Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining, 622 Thirteenth avenue, South, were held this afternoon at Snell funeral home. The Rev. J. H. Machlan officiated. Burial was in Springdale cemetery.
    Mrs. Walter Bockel was organist and Mrs. Gilbert Henning was vocalist.
    Pallbearers were Gene Wells, Delbert Sanders, Harry Smith, John Dyke, Louis Schroeder and Keith Martindale.
    Attending from out of town were Lyle Mewherter and Daughter, Mrs. John Gardeneir of Cottersport, Pa., and Mrs. Evelyn Vogel of Dubuque. 1884 - 1948 Gertrude D. Mewherter 63 63 Clinton Herald Thursday, 10/27/1948
    
Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining
Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining, 622 Thirteenth avenue, South, died in her home about 11:15 last night. She had been  a resident of Clinton for about 50 years.
She was born Dec. 14, 1883, the daughter of John and Ida Mae Mewherter. She married Henry C. Vining Feb. 23, 1904.
She was a member of the First Methodist Church.
Mrs. Vining is survived by three sons, Edwin C. and John H. of Clinton and James E. of Low Moor; five daughters, Mrs. Florence Mook, Mrs. Sylvan (Verna Mae) Meier; Mrs. Ray (Juanita) Vogel, Mrs. Charles (Henrietta) Jones and Mrs. Axel (Norma) Martinsen, all of Clinton; two brothers, Lyle Mewherter of Pennsylvania and Harry of Denver, Col., and nine grandchildren.
She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, sister and one son.
The body is in the Snell funeral home where friends may call, beginning this evening. Funeral arrangements are incomplete, but services are planned for Friday with burial in Springdale cemetery. The Rev. J.H. Machlan will officiate.
    
Clinton Herald Friday 10/29/1948
    
Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining
Funeral services for Mrs. Gertrude D. Vining, 622 Thirteenth avenue, South, were held this afternoon at Snell funeral home. The Rev. J. H. Machlan officiated. Burial was in Springdale cemetery.
Mrs. Walter Bockel was organist and Mrs. Gilbert Henning was vocalist.
Pallbearers were Gene Wells, Delbert Sanders, Harry Smith, John Dyke, Louis Schroeder and Keith Martindale.
Attending from out of town were Lyle Mewherter and Daughter, Mrs. John Gardeneir of Cottersport, Pa., and Mrs. Evelyn Vogel of Dubuque. 1906 - 1987 Edwin C. Vining 81 81 1924 James E. Vining John H. Vining 1911 - 1997 Verna Mae Vining 86 86 Juanita Vining 1918 Henrietta Vining 1921 Norma E. Vining 1857 - 1924 Ida May Waterbury 66 66 Clinton Herald Friday 04/11/1924

Mrs. Ida May Mewherter.
    Mrs. Ida May Waterbury Hardy Mewherter passed away at 9 o'clock, April 10, at the home of her son, Lyle Mewherter, 1728 North Austin avenue, Chicago, after an illness of several months in length.
    Mrs. Mewherter was born near Follets on June 11, 1857; and had been a resident of Clinton Nearly all her life.
    Left to mourn her passing are four sons, Harry E. Mewherter of Pittsburgh, Pa., Roy Hardy and Lyle Mewherter of Chicago, and Frank Hardy of Clinton; two daughters, Mrs. Essie Day of Cleveland, Ohio, and Mrs. Gertrude Vining of Clinton.
    The Body will be brought to Clinton and funeral arrangements will be announced when word is received from relatives who live at a distance.
    
    Clinton Herald Saturday 04/12/1924
    Mrs. Ida May Mewherter
    The body of Mrs. Ida May Mewherter, who passed away in Chicago, was brought to Clinton arriving this afternoon at 2:10 o'clock. It was taken to the home of her son Frank Hardy, 526 Tenth avenue.
    Funeral services will be held Monday afternoon at 3 o'clock at the Central Church of Christ, the Rev. A. C. Stone officiating. 1837 - 1917 John Harrison Mewherter 80 80 CLINTON HERALD
Saturday June 9, 1917

J. H. Mewherter
Dr. John Harrison Mewherter, aged 70 years, died at 11:45 o'clock this morning at the home of his son, Samuel Mewherter, 764 Camanche avenue, where he had made his home for the past three years. His illness was serious only  for the past three weeks.
The deceased was born June 2, 1837, in New Derry, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania. After finishing his schooling in that city he began the study of medicine under Dr. Miller of the same place. This continued for two years and then went to the Cleveland, Ohio, Medical college, where he graduated in 1859. In the same year he was married to Miss Lucy Eleanor Nowel. He practiced his profession in the east for a few years, but in 1865 went west to live. He made his home for a short time in Port Byron, Ill., and then, hearing that a large number of his friends had settled in and near Elvira, he also moved to that place. Here he built up an extensive practice and became known as one of the best physicians in the country. He was called in consultation in a great many of the most critical cases, and his judgment was usually accepted and found correct.
His wife died in 1889, leaving eight children, two of whom have passed away, Those surviving are Samuel Mewherter and Mrs. Thomas Mulligan, of Clinton. John Mewherter, of Tipton, and Frank and Beamer Mewherter, of Eveleth, Minn.
A few years after the death of his first wife he married Mrs. Ida Hardy, of Low Moor. To this union were born five children, of whom four are living. They are Mrs. Henry Vining and Harry and Lyle Mewherter, of Clinton, and Mrs. John Day, of Akron, Ohio.
When he began to feel the infirmities of old age, Dr. Mewherter retired, spending the rest of his days with his children.
Funeral services will be held at the home of his son, Samuel Mewherter, 764 Camanche avenue, at 2 o'clock Monday afternoon with Carl Mead, of the Bible Students, officiating. Burial will be made in Springdale cemetery. 1886 Harry E. Mewherter 1889 - 1920 Fay Edith Mewherter 31 31 1893 - 1913 Verne Mewherter 20 20 Buried in Springdale Cemetery. 1898 - 1970 Lyle A. Mewherter 72 72 Buried in Springdale Cemetery. 1852 - ~1879 William Hardy 27 27 1876 - 1962 Frank Hardy 85 85 1878 - 1936 Roy Hardy 58 58 1886 - 1951 Albert Haring 65 65 Living Nielsen Living Nielsen Living Nielsen Living Nielsen Living Nielsen Living Nielsen 1850 - 1920 Isaac Edwin Vining 70 70 CLINTON HERALD
Monday May 17, 1920

I. E. VINING
I. E. Vining passed away Sunday morning about 1 o'clock at his home in Howes street. Funeral services were held this afternoon at 1 o'clock at the home of Rev. H. C. Culver of the First Methodist church officiating.

Buried in Springdale Cemetery. 1852 - 1928 Mary Elizabeth Osborn 76 76 CLINTON HERALD
Saturday October 13, 1928

MRS. MARY ELIZABETH VINING
Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Vining, 316 Twenty-first place, died at 3:40 o'clock the afternoon of October 12. Funeral services will be held at 3 o'clock Monday afternoon at the First M. E. church and burial will be in Springdale cemetery.
She was born January 20, 1852, at Cardington, Ohio, and was married in 1871 to Isaac Edward Vining. The family home had been in Clinton for many years. Mr. Vining passed away eight years ago and there is left their only child, Henry Vining. There are eight grandchildren and two great grandsons, also four brothers, residents of Ohio.
A life long member and worker in the Methodist church, Mrs. Vining sustained a broken hip eighteen years ago, and much of the time since then had been a shut-in. That did not lessen her zeal for the work of the church nor her interest especially in foreign missions; many an hour has been prayful work carried on at her bedside and because of the inspiration of her quiet acceptance of a physical cross. 1819 - 1899 Jonathan Waterbury 79 79 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EDEN TWP. From the book "The History of Clinton County Iowa" by L. P. Allen (1879)

JONATHAN WATERBURY, farmer, Sec. 4; P.O. Camanche; was born in Rensselaer Co., N. Y., in 1819, within ten miles of Albany, and had resided in various counties of the State till 1843, when he emigrated into Rock Island Co., Ill., settling at or near Cordova, where he resided four years; came to Iowa in 1848, settling in Jackson Co.; resided a short time: removed thence to Clinton Co. where he entered a tract of land and improved it, making the farm on which he now resides, consisting of 160 acres. He married, in Onondaga Co., N. Y., May 25, 1841, Miss Fannie L. Tripp, a native of that State; they have four children—Arthur, Homer B., Ida May (now Mrs. William Hardy) and Charley. They are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. W. is a member of A., F. & A. M. Mr. W. is a Republican. Mrs. W. died June 14, 1875, of apoplexy; she left a kind and loving husband and family to mourn their loss.

Buried in Prarie Union Cemetery. 1821 - 1875 Fannie L. Tripp 54 54 Buried in Prarie Union Cemetery. 1854 Homer Waterbury 1859 - 1915 Charles H. Waterbury 56 56 In 1900 was living in ,Pleasant Valley, Scott, IA. 1866 Henry Waterbury 1854 Lavina Kiethley 1862 - 1932 Ida B. Marshall 70 70 Buried in Prarie Union Cemetery. 1879 Minnie P. Waterbury 1911 - 1984 Sylvan A. Meier 73 73 Ray Vogel Charles Jones Axel Martinsen 1842 Arthur J. Waterbury 1847 Celesta E. Waterbury Buried in Prarie Union Cemetery. 1884 Ida M. Waterbury 1886 Myrtle E. Waterbury 1889 - 1967 Maud R. Waterbury 78 78 1880 Myron ? Waterbury 1893 - 1934 Maurice J. Waterbury 41 41 Mrs. John Gardeneir Of Cottersport, PA. 1798 - 1851 James Mewherter 53 53 1799 - 1881 Mary McChesney 82 82 1855 - 1926 Hans M. Nielsen 70 70 Clinton Advertiser Monday June 21, 1926

Hans Nielsen Passes Away at Hospital

Hans M. Nieslen died at 3:45 Sunday morning at Jane Lamb hospital after a week's illness.
Deceased was born in Hadersleven, Denmark, December 5 1854. At the age of 18 he came to America and frown that time has lived in Clinton county. About ten years ago he retired from his farm near Bryant to make his home in the city.
His wife, Formerly Miss Jennie Watson to whom he was married January 26, 1887, preceded him in death February 4, 1917. One son Arthur passed away in 1911.
Surviving are four sons and a daughter as follows:
Dr. Perry Nielsen of Santa Maria, Cal.; Dr. Lynn Nielsen of Salinas, Cal.; Dr. Lyle Nielsen of San Lui Ovisto, Cal.; Percy Nielsen of Salinas, and Mrs. H. N. Struve of Lyons. A brother Peter Nielsen, lives in Clinton, and a sister, Mrs. John Fromm, lives at Port Afford, Oregon. There are four grandchildren.
No definite funeral arrangements have been made, awaiting word from sons in the west. 1862 - 1917 Jennie Watson 54 54 Clinton Advertiser Thursday February 15, 1917

LYONS RESIDENT IS SUMMONED

After a illness of a couple of week's duration Mrs. Hans Nielsen of 300 Clinton street, was summoned by death, Wednesday evening, at her home where she has been suffering from paralysis.
Miss Jennie Watson was born in Elk River township May 23, 1862 and resided in this county since that time. In 1887 she was united in marriage to Hans Nielsen and for some time have made their home in this city, after having retired from the farm.
The deceased is survived by her husband a five sons, Perry of Clear Lake, Iowa, Noble and Leon, of Davenport and Lyle and Percy of this city, also one daughter, Miss Bessie at home.
Funeral services will be held on Saturday morning at 11 o'clock from the Congregational church in Miles with burial in the Miles cemetery. 1888 - 1966 Carl Dannatt 77 77 1913 Gladys Dannatt Living Eversoll Living Hoffman Marjorie M. Dyke Living Nielsen Living Hicks Living Nielsen 1915 Ruth W. Vining 1788 - 1849 Daniel Waterbury 60 60 1787 - 1866 Amy Dickerson 78 78 1766 - 1825 Jonathan Waterbury 59 59 1770 - 1857 Sarah Travis 87 87 15 FEB 1741/42 - 1798 Daniel Waterbury Was a Lieutenant in American Revolutionary Army 1739 - 1837 Anna Bouton 97 97 1742 - 1801 Jacob Travis 59 59 Sarah ~1702 - 1801 John Bouton 99 99 19 MAR 1710/11 - >1794 Mary Pettit 1684 - 1743 John Bouton 59 59 1689 - 1729 Mercy Hickock 40 40 1668 - 1715 John Pettit 47 47 1683 - 26 JAN 1719/20 Anna Gould 1659 - 1704 John Bouton 44 44 1667 - 1692 Sarah Gregory 25 25 1643 - 5 MAR 1694/95 Samuel Hickock 1646 - 1707 Hannah Upson 61 61 1636 - ~1720 John Gregory 84 84 ~1638 Elizabeth Moulthrop ~1614 - <1689 John Gregory 75 75 ~1612 - 1668 Matthew Moulthrop 56 56 ~1617 - 1672 Jane 55 55 1614 - 1689 Sarah St. John 75 75 ~1588 Matthew St. John ~1592 Elizabeth ~1586 - 1655 Henry Gregory 69 69 ~1590 - BET 1641 AND 1642 Abigail Goody ~1709 Mary Bouton 1684 - 1709 David Waterbury 24 24 1685 Waitsill Green Generated by GenoPro®. Click here for details.