General Notes

John Howard, also known as Jack of Norfolk, English nobleman and military
commander, who took part, on the Yorkist side, in the Wars of the Roses. He
was knighted by King Edward IV shortly after his accession in 1461, and
although he was created a baron by the Lancastrian Henry VI on his
restoration in 1470, Howard did not abandon the Yorkist cause; he fought in
France for King Edward in 1475. Upon Edward's death in 1483, however, he
supported Edward's younger brother, Richard, duke of Gloucester, later King
Richard III, who usurped the throne from Edward's son. Richard III made
Howard duke of Norfolk and earl marshal of England in 1483. He was killed
with Richard in the battle at Bosworth.