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_MEDI: Electronic"Héraldique européenne"
_ITALIC: Y
_PAREN: Y

The cited information was published by Coats of Arms for European Royalty and Nobility (http://www .heraldique-europeenne.org, Arnaud Bunel, 1998) , Internet, held in Arnaud Bunel The author/originator was Arnaud Bunel <arnaudb@wanadoo.fr>.
  • Source Notes
      "Armigerous" (ahr-MIJ-ehr-us) adjective

      Bearing or entitled to bear heraldic arms.

      The reason the notion of a family crest was brought into th e language was that those who were armigerous (entitled t o bear arms) used to put their crest or achievement (the fu ll coat of arms) on their carriage, silver, etc.  The stati oners thought this an excellent way to sell more stationar y and, in Victorian times, encouraged everybody, whether ar migerous or not, to buy stationary with their "family crest " on it.  There was no such thing of course and they used t o sell it (and some still do) on the basis that "someone i n your family or someone having the same surname as you wa s once granted this crest - as part of their achievement .  Thereby they sold more stationery.  And engravers flouri shed.  The Heralds, meanwhile, lost a bit of business as th eir services (awarding coats with variations because no tw o people can have the same coat) were less sought after.

      The Shields used are family Logos, each individual with arm igerous rights had individual full coats of arms to reflec t their personal achievements.