General Notes

King of Galatia Deiotarix I of the Tolistobogii died 0040 B.C..2,3 He changed sides and supported the triumvirs, keeping his kingdom until his death 0042 B.C..2 He supported the anti-Caesarian party until its defeat at Philippi 0042 B.C..2 He was defended by Cicero (Marcus Tullis), but the assassination of Caesar prevented a verdict, 0045-0044 B.C..2 He was a faithful ally of the Romans, and became involved in the stuggles between the Roman Generals that led to the fall of the Republic 0044 B.C..2 He was accused at Rome of having attempted to murder Caesar when the dictator was his guest 0045 B.C. In Galatia, Asia Minor.2 He was pardoned by Caesar, but as a result of complaints of certain Galatian princes, he was deprived of part of his domains, 0047 B.C..2 He was defeated at Pharsalus and escaped with his ally, Pompey, to Asia 0048 B.C..2 He sided with Pompey and the Optimates in their stand against Julius Caesar, who was defying the senate, and when Pompey was defeated faced execution, but was saved in part due to the advocacy of Cicero 0049-0045 B.C. In the Civil War.4 He was rewarded for his assistance against Mithradates VI of Pontus by Pompey who gave him the title of king and part of eastern Pontus, to which the Senate granted him Lesser Armenia and most of Galatia, 0064 B.C..2 King of Galatia, Asia Minor, 0064-0041 BCE.2,1,5 He drove the invading troops of Mithradates VI of Pontus from Phrygia in the opening of the Third Mithradatic War 0074 B.C..2 Chief Tetrarch of the Tolistobogii, Western Galatia, Asia Minor, 0074-0065 B.C..2,3,6 Cicero to Caius Caesar:  "... for it was king Deiotarus who raised your family, when abject and obscure, from darkness into light. Who ever heard of your father, or who he was, before they heard whose son-in-law he was?"  SPEECH IN BEHALF OF KING DEIOTARUS   by Marcus Tullius Cicero   translated by Charles Duke Yonge, A.B.7 The Galatians consisted of three tribes: the Tolistboboii, on the west, with Pessinus as their chief town; the Tectosages, in the centre, with their capital Ancyra; and the Trocmi, on the east, round their chief town Tavium.  Each tribal territory was divided into four cantons or tetrarchies. Each of the twelve tetrarchs had under him a judge and a general. A council of the nation consisting of the tetararchs and three hundred senators was periodically held at a place called Drynemeton, twenty miles southwest of Ancyra.6 Deiotarus means "Divine Bull" and was a god of the Galatians. Given that this obscure deity is difficult to trace elsewhere in Celtic culture it could be that it was a local god adopted by the Galatians.8 Also called Deiotarus Latin.3,6 Galatia, an ancient region of Asia Minor, named for the Galatians, a Gallic people from Europe who settled here in the early 3rd century BC. It was dominated by Rome through regional rulers in 189 BC, becoming a Roman province in 25 BC. The original Celts who settled in Galatia came through Macedonia under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios circa 270 BC. Three tribes comprised these Celts, the Tectosages, the Trocmii, and the Tolistobogii.9,10 Deiotarix is clearly a Celtic name: the "rix" in his name means "King" or "reign." He married Berenike (?), daughter of Princess of Pergamum N. N. Attalid.1,5
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