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James Cavanaugh embarked from Dublin, Ireland and arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America on 15 December 1850. Eighteen years later he gave up his allegiance to Queen Victoria on 12 October 1868 in Washington County, Indiana. His age at the time of his naturalization was about twenty-five. He would have been eighteen years old when he enlisted with an Indiana regiment to fight for the North.
[from his naturalization papers]
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Ancestry.com American Civil War Soldiers
Name: James Cavenaugh ,
Residence: Millport, Indiana
Enlistment Date: 19 August 1862
Distinguished Service: DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
Side Served: Union
State Served: Indiana
Unit Numbers: 618 618
Service Record: Enlisted as a Private on 19 August 1862
Enlisted in Company I, 66th Infantry Regiment Indiana on 19 August 1862.
Mustered out Company I, 66th Infantry Regiment Indiana on 03 June 1865 in Washington, DC
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When her brother James Reynolds attested to her age for her marriage to James Cavanaugh in Washington County, Indiana on 04 October 1866, Lucy Reynolds is called Bridget.
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Ancestry.com Images Online, image 27 of 39
1870 U.S. Census, Jefferson Township, Washington County, Indiana
Enumeration Date: 02 July 1870
Post Office: Campbellsburg
Line 7: h/h 188/190 James Cavenaugh, 28, Farmer, $700/$300, b. Ireland; parents, foreign born
Brighet, 28, Keeping House, b. Ireland; parents, foreign born
Loyd Sawyer, 11, b. Indiana, attended school within year [b. abt. 1859]
Edward, 2, b. Indiana; parents, foreign born
Infant Son, 1/12, b. August, Indiana; parents, foreign born
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Ancestry.com Images Online, image 12 of 38
1880 U.S. Census, Jefferson Township, Washington County, Indiana
Enumeration District 178
Enumeration Date 08 June 1880
Line 1: h/h 94/98 James Cavanaugh, 38, married, Ferryman, b. Ireland; parents b. Ireland
Lucy, 38, Wife, married, Keeping house, b. Ireland; parents b. Ireland
Edward, 12, Son, single, Laboring on farm for father, attended school within year, b. Indiana; parents b. Ireland
Annie, 7, Daughter, single, attended school within year, b. Indiana; parents b. Ireland
Mary E., 5, Daughter, single, attended school within year, b. Indiana; parents b. Ireland
Thomas M., 2, Son, single, b. Indiana; parents b. Ireland
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Ancestry.com Images Online
Washington County, Indiana Index to Death Records, 1882-1920
James Cavanaugh, age 57, d. 9 March 1899 [error?] Book H-27, p. 32
Lucy B. Cavanaugh, age 77, d. 11 June 1916, Book H-31, p. 5
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St. Patrick Catholic Cemetery, Salem, Washington County, Indiana

JAMES CAVANAUGH d. 9 March 1897 age 57 years
LUCY B. CAVANAUGH b. 12 May 1838 d. 11 June 1916
EDWARD CAVANAUGH b. 1 Feb 1868 d. 7 Feb 1947
LOIS WILMA CAVANAUGH b. 31 August 1895 d. 20 Oct 1919

James Cavanaugh was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1840, and immigrated to
America with his mother, his father having died when he was a mere infant. He and his mother first located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where James was reared and educated. Here he also learned the tanner's trade, which he followed for many years. In 1861, he enlisted in the Civil War, serving in Company I, Sixty-sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, until the close of hostilities. He was with General Sherman on his march to the sea and was mustered out in 1865. He then located in Washington County, Indiana, where he followed his trade for a time, later in engaging in agricultural pursuits. He was appointed county superintendant of the poor asylum and continued in this capacity until his death in 1907 [error, should read 1897]. James Cavanaugh married Lucy B. Reynolds, a native of Carrick-on-Shannon, Ireland, and they were the parents of five children: Edward, Anna (Purlee), Elizabeth, who married Joseph B. Wright; Thomas and Robert E. Anna married Ernest O. Purlee, who is a farmer and school teacher of Washington Township; Elizabeth married Joseph B. Wright, who is a farmer in Pierce Township; Robert E., is superintendent of the Salem High School.

May 27, 1897 Newspaper
James Cavanaugh, Superintendent of the Poor Farm near Norris died Tuesday of Pneumonia after several weeks illness. The funeral and burial took place Thursday and was well attended. The Grand Army escorted the remains to the Catholic Cemetery in Salem where they were deposited in their last resting place.

Newspaper Obituary
Death of James Cavanaugh
Early Wednesday morning, March 10th, inst., James Cavanaugh, Superintendent of the Washington County Poor Asylum, died at that institution after a week's illness of pneumonia. His funeral occurred yesterday and the remains were interred in the Catholic Cemetery, Salem.
Mr. Cavanaugh was a native of Ireland, 57 years of age, but came to America with his parents when but a small boy. He was reared mainly in Cincinnati, Ohio, coming to Indiana when 18 years of age. He resided in Jefferson Township and earned a livelihood as a farmer until he was made superintendent of the poor farm four years ago last December.
Mr. Cavanaugh's wife was Miss B. Reynolds, an aunt of Michael Dennany, with whom she came to America when they were both young people under 21 years of age. The wife is a most excellent women, worthy of her late husband in every way, and their married life was happy and their joint success in saving a competency on the farm and in managing the County Infirmary to the satisfaction of the public has been marked. To them were born seven children, 5 of whom are living. These are Edward, (who is married and lives on the home place in Jefferson Township,) Anna, Lizzie, Thomas M. and Robert Emmet.
Mr. Cavanaugh served in the 66th Indiana Infantry during the war and had a good record. In politics he was a Democrat and in religion he accepted the doctrine of most of the people of his native land. He was obliging, upright and held in high esteem as a man and a citizen.
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Source - "A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer, 1908:
James Cavanaugh, Millport, Washington County, mustered in 19 August 1862; mustered out 3 June 1865; 66th Regiment, Company I
Indiana Soldiers Civil War 66th Regiment 3 Years Service Field, Staff, Non-Commissioned Staff, and Unassigned Recruits Source: Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Indiana, 1865
Organized at New Albany and mustered in August 19, 1862. Left State for Lexington, Kentucky, August 19; thence moved to Richmond, Kentucky Attached to Cruft's Brigade, Army of Kentucky. Battle of Richmond August 30. Regiment mostly captured, paroled and sent to New Albany, Indiana; those not captured marched to New Albany; arrived September 10. Regiment moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, November 18; thence to Corinth, Mississippi, December 10, 1862. Attached to 1st Brigade, District of Corinth, Mississippi, 13th Army Corps (Old), Department of the Tennessee, December, 1862. 1st Brigade, District of Corinth, 17th Army Corps, to January, 1863. 1st Brigade, District of Corinth, 16th Army Corps, to March, 1863. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 16th Army Corps, to September, 1864. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 15th Army Corps, to June, 1865.
SERVICE.--Garrison duty at Corinth, Mississippi, December, 1862, to August, 1863. Dodge's Expedition into Northern Alabama April 15-May 2, 1863. Rock Cut, near Tuscumbia, April 22. Tuscumbia April 23. Town Creek April 28. Moved to Colliersville, Tennessee, August 18, and duty there until October 29. Action at Colliersville October 11 (Companies "B," "C," "D," "E," "G," "I"). March to Pulaski October 29-November 11 and duty there until April 29, 1864. Atlanta (Georgia) Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstrations on Resaca May 8-13. Sugar Valley, near Resaca, May 9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Ley's Ferry, Oostenaula River, May 15. Rome Cross Roads May 16. Advance on Dallas May 18-25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Assault on Kenesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2-5. Ruff's Mills July 3-4. Chattahoochie River July 5-17. Battle of Atlanta July 22. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25-30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy Station September 2-6. Operations against Hood in North Georgia and North Alabama September 29- November 3. Reconnaissance from Rome on Cave Springs Road and skirmishes October 12-13. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Little Ogeechee River December 4. Jenk's Bridge and Eden Station December 7. Siege of Savannah December 10-21. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April, 1865. Salkehatchie Swamps, South Carolina, February 2-5. South Edisto River February 9. North Edisto River February 12-13. South River February 15. Columbia February 16-17. Little Congaree Creek February 16. Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, March 19-21. Occupation of Goldsboro March 14. Advance on Raleigh April 10-14. Occupation of Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army. March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Virginia, April 29-May 19. Grand Review May 24. Mustered out at Washington, D.C., June 3, 1865.
Regiment lost during service 3 Officers and 62 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 184 Enlisted men by disease. Total 250.